Sensor

LDS9003

IXYS Corporation

High Power LED Temperature and PWM Controller with LED-SenseTM In-Situ LED TJ Sensing

Manufacturer: IXYS Corporation

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Characteristics subject to change without notice High Power LED Temperature and PWM Controller with LED-SenseTM In-Situ LED TJ Sensing

FEATURES

 High temperature LED current de-rating and thermal control using the LED-SenseTM algorithm that directly monitors LED Tjunction  No external thermal sensor is required  Up to three temperature sensing and control channels on LDS9003 supports multi-point thermal monitoring or multi-color LED applications; LDS9001 is a single channel  Programmable Temp vs. PWM Duty Cycle profiles (3 for LDS9003; 1 for LDS9001)  Integrated PWM for dimming control of high brightness (HB) LED Drivers in logarithmic duty cycle steps from 0% to 100% (~ 0.17 dB / step)  PWM Dimming Control range of 256:1  I2C compatible serial programming interface  Interfaces to available high side HB LED drivers and low cost microcontrollers  LDS9003 is available in a small footprint 3 mm x 3 mm2 16-pin TQFN  LDS9001 is in a 3 x 2 mm2 8-pin DFN

APPLICATIONS

 HB LED General Illumination Lighting  Automotive LED Lighting  Architectural LED Lighting

DESCRIPTION

The LDS9003 is a 3-channel and LDS9001 is a 1- channel LED junction temperature monitor and control device intended for use in high power LED solid state lighting applications. It connects directly to a LED anode and the PWM input of available high power HB drivers to real-time adjust LED current to meet maximum LED temperature. A two wire I 2C interface allows communication to a local low cost microcontroller or other remote host processor device. LDS9003 / 9001 can improve thermal management of high power LED systems by controlling reliable LED junction temperature levels to meet maximum operating lifetimes. In addition, it can reduce cost by allowing operation at optimal LED current/luminance levels minimizing the number HB LED lamps per fixture required to meet illumination targets. The LDS9003/9001 utilizes the LED-Sense™ sensing and control algorithm that directly measures the LED junction and controls the temperature by closed loop adjustment of the LED Driver current via PWM duty cycle corrections. The control loop real-time adjusts the LED current via PWM correction codes in user programmed Look up Tables (LUTs) assigned to each sensing channel. The user programs desired correction profiles for every 5ºC increment from -35ºC to 120ºC. A single sensing channel and correction LUT is available in the LDS900, whereas three correction profiles are available in LDS9003 to support multi-point temperature sensing or multi-color LED applications. Integrated PWM generators support dimming and LED temperature vs. current compensation. The PWM duty cycle is programmable via the I 2C serial interface from 0% to 100%. User-programmed 8-bit codes are converted to 12-bit logarithmic steps of ~ 0.17 dB per step. The PWM frequency is ~280 Hz to minimize noise generation. The EN logic input functions as a chip enable. A logic HIGH applied at the EN pin allows the LDS9003 / LDS9001 to respond to I 2C communications. An optional external serial interface address pin is available for use in multi-target applications. The device operates from 2.5 to 5.5V. The LDS9001 is available in an 8-lead 3 x 2 mm 2 DFN package. The LDS9003 is in a 16-lead 3 x 3 mm2 TQFN package.

Characteristics subject to change without notice TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS Using LDS9003 for 3 x 3 series WLEDs Using LDS9003 for HB RGB for Projector Using LDS9001 for series WLEDs

Characteristics subject to change without notice ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Rating Unit VIN, IPWMX, TSENSEx 6 V EN, SDAT, SCLK, SADD voltage VIN + 0.7V V Storage Temperature Range -65 to +160 °C Junction Temperature Range -40 to +125 °C Soldering Temperature 300 °C HBM 2 kVESD Protection Level MM 200 V RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Rating Unit VIN 2.5 to 5.5 V IPWMx 1 mA Junction Temperature Range -40 to +125 °C Typical application circuit with external components is shown on page 1. ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise) Vin = 3.6V, Cin = 0.1 µF, EN = High, TAMB = 25°C Name Conditions Min Typ Max Units IPWMx Channel DC Current Level 0.8 1 1.2 mA Quiescent Current EN = V IN Standby (no I2C clock) 60 100 140 µA Shutdown Current VEN = 0V 0.5 1 µA PWM Frequency 240 285 320 Hz # of PWM duty cycle steps Log Mode steps 256 Minimum PWM On Time 10 13.7 20 µs PWM resolution Log Mode 12 bits PWM Step Size Log Mode 0.17 dB/step 1-x Scale Mode -7 0 of  PWM Steps for current adjust 2-x Scale Mode -14 0 PWM Steps/50C Temperature Compensation Adjust Steps 5 0C Input current Active mode, EN = VIN -1 1 µA High 1.2EN Pin Logic Level Low Active Mode or Normal Standby Mode 0.4 V Thermal Shutdown 150 Thermal Hysteresis 20 °C Soft ramp disabled 10 msWake-up/Shutdown Delay Time from EN Raising/Falling Edge Soft ramp enabled 250 ms

Characteristics subject to change without notice I2C CHARACTERISTICS Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified for 2.5 VIN 5.5V, over full ambient temperature range -40 to +85ºC. Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit fSCL SCL Clock Frequency 0 400 kHz tHD:STA Hold Time (repeated) START condition 0.6 µs tLOW LOW period of the SCL clock 1.3 µs tHIGH HIGH period of the SCL clock 0.6 µs tSU:STA Set-up Time for a repeated START condition 0.6 µs tHD:DAT Data In Hold Time 0 0.9 ns tSU:DAT Data In Set-up Time 100 ns tR Rise Time of both SDAT and SCLK signals 300 ns tF Fall Time of both SDAT and SCLK signals 300 ns tSU:STO Set-up Time for STOP condition 0.6 µs tBUF Bus Free Time between a STOP and START condition 1.3 µs tAA SCLK Low to SDAT Data Out and ACK Out 0.9 µs tDH Data Out Hold Time 300 ns Figure 1: I2C Bus Timing Diagram READ OPERATION: Option 1: Standard protocol sequential read: S Slave Address R A Data 0 A Data 1 A Data 2 Data n A* P From: Reg. m Reg. m+1 Reg. m+2 Reg. m+n, where Reg. m is the last addressed in the write operation register Option 2: Random access: S Slave Address R A Data m A* P From reg. m, where Reg. m is the last addressed in the write operation register Option 3: Random access with combined (extended) protocol: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Sr Slave Address R A Data m A* P WRITE OPERATION: Option 1: Standard protocol sequencial write: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Data 0 A Data 1 A Data 2 Data k A* P To: Reg. m Reg. m+1 Reg. m+2 Reg. m+k

Characteristics subject to change without notice Option 2: Combined (extended) protocol: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Sr Slave Address W A Data A* P To: Reg. m S: Start Condition Sr Start Repeat Condition R, W: Read bit (1), Write bit (0) A: Acknowledge (SDAT high) A*: Not Acknowledge (SDAT low) P: Stop Condition Slave Address: Device address 7 bits (MSB first). Register Address: Device register address 8 bits Data: Data to read or write 8 bits - send by master - send by slave I2C BUS PROTOCOL Standard protocol Combined protocol: WRITE INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Standard protocol:

Characteristics subject to change without notice Write Instruction Example - Setting 20mA Current in LEDB1 and LEDB2 LDS9003 / 9001 REGISTERS DEFINITION AND PROGRAMMING Note: Unlisted register addresses are for factory use only; For proper operation write only to registers defined. ADDRESS DESCRIPTION BITS NOTES 00h IPWM1 Current setting IPWM (9001) 8 01h IPWM2 Current setting (Not used for 9001) 8 02h IPWM3 Current setting (Not used for 9001) 8 User Loads code 08h ( 8 decimal) for 1 mA peak current For PWM control current output. This is only valid user code. 03h IPWMx and TSENSEx Channel Enable 6 User loads 2Ah for 9003. User loads 02h for 9001. 04h Global PWM Dimming 8 Log mode: (default) Simultaneously decreases PWM duty cycle for IPWMx Data Code 00h = 0 dB dimming, FEh = – 72 dB FFh = OFF Example: 50% brightness reduction ( – 6dB) requires: – 6dB / – 0.17dB = 35 (decimal) = 23h steps Linear Mode: Simultaneously decreases ILED in banks A – C by subtracting Global Dimming Code (Reg04h data) from PWM Duty Cycle Code (Reg05h – Reg07h data) Data Code 00h = 0 dimming, If Global Dimming Code is equal or exceeds PWM Duty Cycle Code, ILED = 0 mA. 05h IPWM1 User Duty Cycle IPWM (9001) 8 Log Mode: ~ – 0.17dB dimming per LSB for currents > 300 µA; Refer to 8 to 12 bit conversion curve (Figure 3 and Table 10) for resolution in range 0 – 300 µA Data Code 00h = 0% Duty Cycle, FFh = 100% Duty Cycle Example: 50% brightness reduction ( – 6dB) requires: 255 – (– 6 dB / – 0.17 dB) = 255 – 35 = 220 (decimal) = DCh steps 06h IPWM2 User Duty Cycle IPWM (9001) 8 Same as above for reg 05h 07h IPWM3 User Duty Cycle IPWM (9001) 8 Same as above for reg 05h 19h LED Diagnostics Test 8 See Table 2; Bit 5 = 1 sets user-initiated LED short/open diagnostic 1Ch LED Faults Status ( shorted to GND) 5 Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 represent LED status for sensed LEDs Bit =1 LED short to GND 1Dh LED Faults Status (shorted to VIN/open) 5 Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 represent LED status for sensed LEDs respectively. Bit = 1 represents LED shorted to VIN/open 1Eh Configuration register 8 See Table 3 1Fh Software reset, Standby 8 See Table 4 49h Ta-Tj Temperature Offset 8 Since LED junction temperature is measured, the values loaded here allow an offset to account for Tj – Ta gradient. This allows correction tables to be referenced to ~ Ta levels. Two 4 bit offsets value for the LED and the Si Diode; Bit [7:4] = Tj-Ta offset for the LEDs

Characteristics subject to change without notice ADDRESS DESCRIPTION BITS NOTES Bit [3:0] = Tj-Ta offset for the Si diode. Typically should set both offsets to be equal. See Table 5 & 6 4Ah LED Shutdown Temperature 5 Defines T-code, at which IPWMs channels are shut down (i.e. 0% duty cycle) per LED vendor reliability and de-rating specification (see Table 5); Factory default value = 11100 (bin) = 1Ch represents 1050C Tj 4Bh 2-x Table enable and breakpoint (T-code) 6 Bit 5 = 1 enables 2-x scale LUT Δ PWM code correction (de- rating) starting at the breakpoint set by T-code (bits 4:0) Bit 5 = 0 ; 1x scale (default) for entire temperature range Bit [4:0] defines T-code, where temperature de-rating starts, or where 2x scaling begins (see Table 6) 50h – 5Fh Temp vs IPWM1 DC LUT -35C to 120C (one 5C step every nibble) (IPWM LUT for 9001) Δ PWM code1[7:4], Δ PWM code0[3:0] – Δ PWM code 31[7:4], Δ PWM code 30[3:0] Two LUT words per I2C address. Each word contains two 4-bit numbers representing of Δ PWM codes. See Table 6 and Appendix 1 for LUT programming. 60h – 6Fh Temp vs IPWM2 DC LUT -35C to 120C (one 5C step every nibble) Δ PWM code1[7:4], Δ PWM code0[3:0] – Δ PWM code 31[7:4], Δ PWM code 30[3:0] Same as above for regs 50h-5Fh Not used for 9001 70h – 7Fh Temp vs IPWM3 DC LUT -35C to 120C (one 5C step every nibble) Δ PWM code1[7:4], Δ PWM code0[3:0] – Δ PWM code 31[7:4], Δ PWM code 30[3:0] Same as above for regs 50h -5Fh Not used for 9001 A0h Silicon diode dV F/dT [7:0] 8 Silicon diode VF temperature coefficient (K factor) : Factory recommended loaded value is 36h = -1.71 mV/°C = 001 10110 (bin), where bits from bit 7 to bit 5 represent integer part [1(decimal) = 001 (bin)], and bits from bit 4 to bit 0 – fractional part [0.710 / 0.03125 = 22 (decimal) = 10110 (bin)] A2h LED1 dV F/dT [7:0] (connected to TSENSE1; TSENSE for 9001) User-loaded VF temperature coefficient @ 1mA for LEDs used at TSENSE1 (TSENSE for 9001) Negative tracking is assumed with temperature; Bits from bit 7 to bit 5 represent integer part and bits from bit 4 to bit 0 - fractional part of the coefficient Example: Temperature coefficient = -2.26 mV/ 0C; Bit 7 – bit 6 = 2 (decimal) = 010 (bin), and Bit 4 – bit 0 = INT{0.26 / 0.03125} = 8 (decimal) = 01000 (bin) User loads 010 01000 (bin) = 48h = -2.25 (closest setting) A4h LED2 dVF/dT [7:0] (connected to TSENSE2) 8 Same as above reg A2h Not used for 9001

Characteristics subject to change without notice ADDRESS DESCRIPTION BITS NOTES A6h LED3 dV F/dT [7:0] (connected to TSENSE3) 8 Same as above for reg A2h Not used for 9001 C0h Silicon diode η [7:0] 8 Silicon diode η (eta, or non-ideality factor): Factory recommended loaded value is default is 1.00 = 01000000(bin) = 40h Bits from bit 7 to bit 5 represent integer part and bits from bit 4 to bit 0 - fractional part (resolution = 0.015625 per LSB) Example: η = 1.00; Bit 7 – bit 6 = 1 (decimal) = 01 (bin), and Bit 5 – bit 0 = INT{0.00 / 0.015625} = 0 (dec) = 000000 (bin) User loads 01 000000 = 40h = 1.00 D4h Silicon diode Rs offset [7:0] 8 Silicon diode series resistance offset Factory recommended loaded value = 04h = ~ 68 ohms Formula (decimal) = 8192 x [(68 ohms x 8 x 10-6 A)/1.14 V] D6h LED1 Rs offset [7:0] 8 LED Rs offset (user-loaded) for LED sensing channels 1, 2, and 3 for specific LEDs used User loads per LED used. (1/slope of high current region of LED I-V characteristic). Formula (decimal) = 8192 x [(Rs Ωx 8 x 10-4 A) / 1.14V] D8h LED2 Rs offset [7:0] (not used for 9001) 8 Same as above for reg D6h. Not use for 9001 DAh LED2 Rs offset [7:0] (not used for 9001) 8 Same as above for reg D6h. Not used for 9001 Table 1 Channel Enable RegisterRegister Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 03h (9003) LED OT Flag N/A 1 0 1 0 1 0 (9001) Same N/A 0 0 0 0 1 0 Note: User must load shown values upon “boot” or after reset; all POR bit values are 0 Table 2 Digital Test Modes RegisterRegister Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Factory Only Factory Only Diagnostics Request Slow Ramp Bypass = 1 Fast PWM adjust =1 Factory Only Post ADC Filter Enable Factory Only19h 0* 0* 0* 0* Normal = 0* 0* Filter Off=0* 0* Note: *) Value by default Table 3 Configuration RegisterRegister Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 1Eh (9003) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1Eh (9001) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note: User must load shown values upon “boot” or after reset; all POR bit values are 0

Characteristics subject to change without notice Table 4 Control RegisterRegister Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Software reset = 1 Standby mode = Temperature request = 1 Calibration request = 1 Custom OSC trim = 1 1Fh Normal operation = 0* Normal operatio n = 0* Normal operation = 0* Normal operation = 0* Factory preset value = Osc trim Osc trim Osc trim Note: *) Value by default **) Trim code defined by customer Bit 7 = 1 — Software reset: resets device, all registers reset/cleared. Bit 6 = 1 — Standby (oscillator disabled, all registers retain programmed values.) Table 5: Ta-Tj Temperature Gradient Offset ( set offset code to match reference De-rate point in LUT from LED Tj to Ta. Typically LED and Si are equal) Control RegisterRegister Address Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 LED Offset 3 LED Offset 2 LED Offset 1 LED Offset 0 Si Diode Offset 3 Si Diode Offset 2 Si Diode Offset 1 Si Diode Offset 049h Note: *) Value by default Table 6: Offset Codes for Tj-Ta Temperature Gradient Offset (both LED and Si per Table 5). Temperature Offset C (Ta-Tj) Bit3– Bit Temperature Offset C (Ta-Tj) Bit3– Bit Temperature Offset C (Ta-Tj) Bit3– Bit 0 Temperature Offset C (Ta-Tj) Bit3– Bit 0 -40 1000 -20 1100 0 0000 20 0100 -35 1001 -15 1101 5 0001 25 0101 -30 1010 -10 1110 10 0010 30 0110 -25 1011 -5 1111 15 0011 35 0111 Table 7: T-code values vs. Temperature (for registers 4Ah and 4Bh) Temperature, 0C Bit4 – Bit 0Temperature, 0C Bit4 – Bit 0Temperature, 0C Bit4 – Bit 0Temperature, Bit4 – Bit -35 00000 5 01000 45 10000 85 11000 -30 00001 10 01001 50 10001 90 11001 -25 00010 15 01010 55 10010 95 11010 -20 00011 20 01011 60 10011 100 11011 -15 00101 25 01100 65 10100 105 11100 -10 00101 30 01101 70 10101 110 11101 -5 00110 35 01110 75 10110 115 11110 0 00111 40 01111 80 10111 120 11111

Characteristics subject to change without notice Table 8: Δ PWM CorrectionCode Allocation Data bits Data bits 7 – 4 3 – 0 7 – 4 3 – 0Register Address Δ PWMcode for temperature, 0C Register Address Δ PWMcode for temperature, 0C 50h, 60h, 70h -30 -35 58h, 68h, 78h 50 45 51h, 61h, 71h -20 -25 59h, 69h, 79h 60 55 52h, 62h, 72h -10 -15 5Ah, 6Ah, 7Ah 70 65 53h, 63h, 73h 0 -5 5Bh, 6Bh, 7Bh 80 75 54h, 64h, 74h 10 5 5Ch, 6Ch, 7Ch 90 85 55h, 65h, 75h 20 15 5Dh, 6Dh, 7Dh 100 95 56h, 66h, 76h 30 25 5Eh, 6Eh, 7Eh 110 105 57h, 67h, 77h 40 35 5Fh, 6Fh, 7Fh 120 115 Table 9: ΔPWM Codes Codes vs. Number of Adjustment Steps Number of steps Binary Code Number of steps Binary Code Number of steps Binary Code Number of steps Binary Code Not Valid 1000 -4 1100 0 0000 4 0100 -7 1001 -3 1101 1 0001 5 0101 -6 1010 -2 1110 2 0010 6 0110 -5 1011 -1 1111 3 0011 7 0111 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Operation Register Address Register Data Command (hex) Disable Temperature De-rating (DT_Adjust_disable) 1Eh 04h XX 1E 04 Re-Enable Temperature De-rating 1Eh 00h XX 1E 00 Short/open LED diagnostic request 19h 20h XX 19 20 Read out LED short to GND status 1Ch XX 1C YY Read out LED short to VIN/open status 1Dh XX 1D YY Set Standby Mode 1Fh 40h XX 1F 40 Resume normal operation from standby mode 1Fh 00h XX 1F 00 Calibration request (conduct temperature calibration) 1Fh 10h XX 1F 10 Set LEDs in shutdown mode at junction temperature above 100 C 4Ah 1Bh XX 4A 1B Set Ta-Tj offset for LED and Si Diode to -20ºC 49h CCh XX 49 CC Software Reset (to default values) and/or clear of all registers 1Fh 80h XX 1F 80 Note: XX – The LD9003/9001 I2C customer-selected slave address followed by binary 1 for write command, i.e. if I2C slave address is 001 0001 (see Table 8), XX = 0010 0011 (bin) = 23h YY – The 90003/9001 I2C customer-selected slave address followed by binary 0 for read command, i.e. if I2C slave address is 001 0001 (see Table 8), YY = 0010 0010 (bin) = 22h

Characteristics subject to change without notice PIN DESCRIPTION Pin # Name LDS9001 Name LDS9003 Function

1 SCLK SCLK I 2C Serial clock input

2 SDAT SDAT I 2C Serial data input/output

3 SADD SADD I 2C Serial interface Address Programming

4 GND GND Ground Reference

5 EN NC Not connect (no internal connect to the device)

6 TSENSE EN 9001: LED Led-Sense for LED anaode

9003: Device enable (active high)

7 IPWM NC 9001: PWM current source output 1mA

9003: NC 8 VIN IPWM3 9001: Power Source Input; connect to 2.5V-5.5Vdc 9003: PWM3 current source output 1mA

9 TSENSE3 LED-Sense input for LED3 anode

10 IPWM2 PWM3 current source output 1mA

11 TSENSE2 LED-Sense input for LED2 anode

12 IPWM1 PWM1 current source output 1mA

13 TSENSE1 LED-Sense input for LED1 anode

14 VIN Power Source Input; connect to 2.5-5.5Vdc

15 TST Not connected by user; leave floating Factory Test pin

16 NC Not connect (no internal connect to the device)

PAD PAD Connect to GND on the PCB Top View : DFN 8-Lead 3 x 2 mm 2 Top View : TQFN 16 -Lead 3 x 3 mm 2 PIN FUNCTION VIN is the supply pin. The operating input voltage range is from 2.5 V to 5.5 V. EN is the enable input for the entire device. Guaranteed levels of logic high and logic low are set at 1.3 V and 0.4V respectively. When EN is initially taken high, the device becomes enabled and may communicate through I2C interface SDAT is the I2C serial data line. This is a bidirectional line allowing data to be written into and read from internal registers. SCLK is the I2C serial clock input. SADD is I2C Serial interface Addresses tie to either GND or VIN pin to allow choice of two slave addresses. Allows two 9003 or 9001 on same control bus for optional increased LED-SenseTM point monitoring control GND is the ground reference for internal circuitry. The pin must be connected to the ground plane on the PCB. TSENSE1, TSENSE2, TSENSE3 (LDS9003) and TSENSE (LDS9001) are the LED-Sense TM temperature sensing pins for the LEDs. These connect to the LED anodes. These pins force currents of 1mA and 200ua and measure voltages for calculation of LED junction temperature. These pins enter high-impedance zero current state whenever the device is in shutdown mode. IPWM1, IPWM2, IMPWM3 (LDS9003) and IPWM (LDS9001) are the PWM 1mA peak to GND current sources outputs for controlling PWM of external HB LED driver. User adds resistor to GND to generate desired PWM voltage range levels. These pins enter high-impedance zero current state whenever the device is in shutdown mode. TST is a test pin used by factory only. Leave it floating (no external connection) PAD is the exposed pad underneath the package. For best thermal performance, the tab should be soldered to the PCB and connected to the ground plane

Characteristics subject to change without notice BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 2: LDS9003 / 9001 Functional Block Diagram BASIC OPERATION The LDS9003/9001 may operate in the following modes: a) Normal Operation Mode b) Normal Standby Mode c) Programming Modes d) Shutdown Mode NORMAL OPERATION MODE At power-up, VIN should be in the range from 2.5 V to 5.5 V (max). If V IN is slow rising, EN pin should be logic LOW at least until VIN reaches a 2.5 V level. When EN is taken HIGH, a soft-start power-up sequence begins and performs an internal circuits reset that requires less than 100 µs. An initialization sequence then begins, taking less than 10 ms. This sequence determines the user- selected I C slave address and loads factory programmed settings At this point, the I 2C interface is ready for communication and the LDS9003 / 9001 may be user- programmed. Upon programming completion for all required initial “boot” parameters a calibration command is given by setting bit 4 of the Control Register (1Fh) HIGH. This starts the calibration sequence of the LDS9003 / 9001 LED-Sense TM temperature sensing and measurement circuits and occurs simultaneous with a gradual ramp-up of the PWMs and current levels to the user programmed values. This initialization is completed in less than 250 ms in the default soft-start ramp mode, or s less than PWM3 IPWM3 (only 9003) TSENSE2 (only 9003) ADC 10 bit SAR Pre-Scale 8x, 1x, or 1/4x 1 mA 0.2 mA1 0 uA 2 uA Si PNP temp diode Si Iforce LED Iforce Bandgap Voltage Reference 1.2V Calibrated Reference Currents and ADC bias currents TSENSE1 TSENSE (9001) PWM1 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator to PWM1 PWM2 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator to PWM2 PWM3 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator to PWM3 Digital Temperature Sensor / Abritrator Temp Compensation Tables Temp to PWM adjust LUTs LUT1 LUT2 LUT3 I2C Interface Top Level Control diagnostics Shorted LED Open LED LED Calibration Soft Start control OverTemp 1.2V Vin to 1.8V LDO f or digital core Vin 1.8V Gnd POR Start Up To top control Oscillator & Clock Generator ~ 1.2 MHz to top control & dig processing Vin Vin to al l Drivers VIN SCL K SDA T SADD GND EN 1.2V PWMA IPWM1 IPWM (9001) PWM2 IPWM2 (only 9003) TSENSE3 (only 9003) 1mA 1mA 1mA

Characteristics subject to change without notice 10 ms with the soft-start ramp mode disabled by setting bit 1 of the Configuration Register (1Eh) HIGH. The calibration parameters for the temperature measurement engine and all customer-set parameters remain intact until the part is reset or powered-down. Additionally, the user can re- calibrate LDS9003 / 9001 during times when LED currents are brought to zero and the system is thermally stabilized by programming the calibration command bit as discussed. Temperature vs PWM Duty Cycle Profiles The user must load the PWM correction look up tables (LUTs) prior to operation. For the LDS9003 all three tables, LUT1, LUT2 and LUT3 require loading (even if using same data) with the user correction profiles prior to operation. The LDS9001 just requires loading of LUT1. The correction tables are based upon LED vendor characteristics for illumination vs temperature and current, LED current de-rating specifications, and user system thermal design parameters. The following figures show examples for Luxeon Rebel WLEDs, Figure 3: Typical Light Output vs Temperature for Luxeon Rebel 3W WLED Figure 3 shows the typical characteristic of decreasing illumination over temperature by approximately 30% from -20ºC to 100ºC. Figure 4 shows that illumination is approximately linearly dependent with LED forward current. Therefore loss of illumination over temperature can be compensated by associated increases in LED current. Figure 4: Typical Light Output vs LED Current for Luxeon Rebel WLED Figure 5 gives the LED current de-rating specification for a Luxeon Rebel WLED for 700mA LED current that insures not exceeding the maximum specified LED junction temperature of 150ºC. This specific curve is for thermal resistance, ӨJC, from LED junction to case designed for 12.5ºC/W. Figure 5: Typical LED Current De-rating vs Case Temperature for Luxeon Rebel WLED It is customary for LED lighting systems to be designed with guard-bands to the operating level to account for design variations in the actual thermal profile and to maximize operating lifetimes. A user may target a lower maximum junction temperature than the absolute maximum rating specified by the LED vendor, such as 125ºC, for example, as well as reducing the LED operating current= The lower Tj guard-band will shift the curve to the right, extending maximum lifetime, but the lower operating current guard-banding results in more LEDs lamps per fixture to meet the desired lumen output level. LED Current vs Temperature (case)

12.5 Cº/W J-C

Characteristics subject to change without notice can re-enable the channels by re-writing to the channel enable bits in register 03h, however the OT flag will still remain HIGH, until the device is power sequenced, reset, or placed in the shutdown mode. If a Ta-Tj offset is used other than 00h (i.e. 0ºC) in register, 49h, than the shutdown junction temperature loaded in 4Ah should also include this offset. This insures the LED shutdown is also properly referenced to the same reference temperature level IXYS can provide customers with software support to generate the LUT data tables. In addition, a separate applications report can be obtained. Please consult a sales representative or the factory to obtain. Table 11: PWM LUT Register Load Example LUT1 LUT2 LUT3 Address (hex) Data (hex) Address (hex) Data (hex) Address (hex) Data (hex) 50 00 60 00 70 00 51 0F 61 0F 71 0F 52 00 62 00 72 00 53 0F 63 0F 73 0F 54 00 64 00 74 00 55 0F 65 0F 75 0F 56 00 66 00 76 00 57 10 67 10 77 10 58 01 68 01 78 01 59 00 69 00 79 00 5A 01 6A 01 7A 01 5B EF 6B EF 7B EF 5C BD 6C BD 7C BD 5D AA 6D AA 78D AA 5E 9B 6E 9B 7E 9B 5F 09 6F 09 7F 09 Recommended User Register Initialization Table 12 is provided as a recommended user I 2C register initialization and calibration sequence for the LDS9003 and LDS9001 respectively. Register load (i.e. write) steps marked with “*” mean LDS9001 steps, as well as LDS9003. Data value entries in RED indicate the data value is user / system dependent. Values shown for these registers are for example only. IPWM Current Setting & Interface IPWMx Current setting registers 00h – 02h should be programmed to 08h using the I 2C interface to set the peak DC level current for the IPWM current source(s). This sets for 1mA ±5% DC current, and the LDS9003 LED-Sense TM configuration code 2Ah, or 02h for LDS9001, should be programmed using register 03h during initialization. IPWMx are current source outputs. Users must connect an external resistor to GND from each output to establish the peak to peak PWM voltage level required by the HB LED driver. This is depicted in Figure 7. Figure 7: Setting up PWM Voltage Level to HB LED Driver Digital dimming using the internal PWM generator changes the duty cycle per the value set in registers 05h, 06h, and 07h and therefore adjusts the average LED current. This is referred to as dynamic mode. For dynamic mode, the LDS9003/9001 integrates a digital PWM generator(s) that operates at a frequency of ~ 285 Hz. It operates in Logarithmic Mode. The PWM generator has 12-bit resolution and can be programmed with an 8-bit code to provide 256 internally mapped 12-bit logarithmic duty cycle steps to adjust the dimming level

Characteristics subject to change without notice Table 12: Recommended Register Load Sequence for LDS9003/9001 Reg Load Sequence # Reg (hex) Value (hex) Comments 1* 1Eh 88h (9003) or 00h (9001) Initialize Configuration Register 2* 00h 08h IPWM1 current @ 1mA 3 01h 08h IPWM2 current @ 1mA 4 02h 08h IPWM3 current @ 1mA 5* 03h A2h (9003) or 02h (9001) Set up Led-sense configuration for 9003 & 9001 6* 04h 00h Global PWM Dimming 00h is full ON = 100% DC 7* 05h FBh Duty Cycle code for IPWM1. Use set FBh=95% DC 8 06h FBh Same as reg 05h 9 07h FBh Same as reg 05h 10* 49h 00h Ta-Tj 0ffset 11* 4Ah 1Eh Set LED Shutdown temperature 1Eh = 120C 12* 4Bh 1Fh Set optional 2x PWM adjust step start point; 1x scale below this point 13* A0h 36h Load Si Diode K factor for - 1.71mV/C 14* A2h User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED K factor @ 1mA IF. 4Bh = -2.3mV/C for Luxeon Rebel WLED 15 A4h User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED K factor @ 1mA IF. for LED1 4Bh = -2.3mV/C for Luxeon Rebel WLED

16 A6h User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED K factor @ 1mA IF for LED2

17* C0h 40h Load Si Diode  factor = 1.0 18* D4h 04h Load Si Diode Rs = 68 ohms 19* D6h User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED Rs for LED1 0Ah = 1.4 ohms for Luxeon Rebel WLED

20 D8h User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED Rs for LED2

21 DAh User Loads Per LED Used User loads LED Rs for LED3

22-47* 50h – 5Fh User Loads Per LED Used LUT1 correction Table 48-64 60h – 7Fh User Loads Per LED Used LUT2 correction Table 65-80 70h – 7Fh User Loads Per LED Used LUT3 correction Table 81* 1Fh 10h User issues temp calibration command The advantage of PWM dimming is stable LED color temperature / wavelength that is determined by the maximum static mode LED current value set by the external HB LED driver. The integrated PWM generator reduces the system requirement to provide a continuous pulsed waveform, and is automatically adjusted by the LED-Sense TM algorithm to maintain the programmed Temperature vs PWM DC thermal control profile. To use the dynamic PWM mode for LED current setting, the maximum ILED value should first be set by the HB LED Driver current setting resistor (per vendor specifications) and the desired dimming / user duty cycle can be set by registers 05h, 06h, and 07h. The logarithmic operating mode provides a dimming resolution of approximately -0.17 dB per step with 0dB dimming (i.e. 100% duty cycle) at the 256 th step (i.e. FFh), and 0% duty cycle (~ -80 dB dimming) at 00h. Figure 8 shows the dimming transfer function for dimming level in dB (from maximum level) vs programmed data code (decimal). Figure 9 shows the dimming transfer function for dimming level in percent (%) vs programmed data code (decimal). 0% dimming is full ON brightness (i.e. PWM duty cycle = 100%). Register 04h is available as a global dimming control register. It will simultaneously control all IPWM generators so is especially helpful in applications using the LDS9003. It is recommended that the user use registers 05h, 06h, and 07h to establish the desired duty cycle at ambient room temperature (i.e 25ºC) conditions that account for further LED- SenseTM adjustment over temperature per the

Characteristics subject to change without notice 50h to 5Fh, 60h to 6Fh, and 70h to 7Fh store the correction profiles for LUT1, LUT2, and LUT3 respectively. Figure 11: Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in percent vs. register 04h data (0% dimming = full LED brightness) Each register stores a 4 bit adjustment code for two 5ºC temperature steps in its lower (bits 3:0) and higher (bits 7:4) nibble. User loadable PWM correction codes in the 1x scale mode represent 0 to -7 PWM de-rating steps. In the 2 x scale mode the correction codes represent 0 to -14 PWM steps. Additionally, the IPWM current sources are disabled (i.e. 0 DC current = 0% PWM duty cycle) if the measured LED junction temperature exceeds a preset value that is loaded in register 4Ah The LED-SenseTM engine periodically measures the LED junction temperature on three TSENSEx channels (just TSENSE for LDS9001) and encodes the value into 5-bit T-codes representing 5 0C temperature intervals from -35 to +1200C. The measured T-code value addresses the stored ΔPWM correction codes stored in the LUT registers to adjust the PWM duty cycle. Therefore this reduces the average current through the LEDs as defined by the LUT table. The user loads specific Δ PWM correction codes into the LUT(s) for every 5ºC temperature step from - 35ºC to 120ºC, as prior discussed, to meet desired current and power vs LED junction temperature. LUT correction codes are subtracted from the user- set duty cycle/dimming code (dynamic mode) loaded in registers 05h, 06h, and 07h and the global dimming level code, if used, to maintain reliable LED current levels. The LDS9003/9001 includes a 10-bit ADC and digital processing engine to determine LED temperatures approximately every 2.5 seconds. The proprietary LED-SenseTM algorithm allows direct measurement of LED junction temperatures on the TSENSEx sensing channels, without the need for an external temperature sensor. Additionally an on-chip silicon temperature sensing diode is also measured to enhance temperature estimation accuracy. I2C Interface The LDS9003/9001 uses a 2-wire serial I 2C-bus interface. The SDAT and SCLK lines comply with the I2C electrical specification and should be terminated with pull-up resistors to the logic voltage supply. When the bus is not used, both lines are high. The device supports a maximum bus speed of 400kbit/s. The serial bit sequence is shown at REGISTER DEFINITION AND PROGRAMMING section for read and write operations into the registers. Read and write instructions are initiated by the master controller/CPU and acknowledged by the slave LED driver. The LDS9003/9001 allows user to choose between two I 2C addresses by connecting SADD pin (#3) either to ground, or VIN pin (see Table ). Table 13: LDS9003/9001 I 2C Slave Addresses I2C Address SADD pin connected to Binary code Hex Ground 001 0001 11h VIN 101 0101 55h For further details on the I 2C protocol, please refer to the I 2C-Bus Specification, document number 9398- 393-40011, from Philips Semiconductors. Over-Temperature Protection If the die temperature exceeds +150°C, the driver will enter shutdown mode. The LDS9003/9001 requires restart after die temperature falls below 130°C. OPTIONAL USE of EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE DIODE The LDS9003/9001 also provides the option for using an external remote temperature-sensing diode device such as a 2N3904. To use this option the diode anode should be connected to the corresponding TSENSEx channel. The cathode should be connected to GND. STANDBY MODE The LDS9003/9001 has a “soft” standby or sleep mode, which the customer may set by I 2C interface by addressing register 1Fh with bit 6 = 1 (see Table 4).

Characteristics subject to change without notice In Standby Mode, the I 2C interface remains active and all registers retain their programmed information. Further in Standby Mode the IPWMx current drivers and internal clock are powered off; however, internal regulators and reference circuits remain active to insure power to the digital sections to hold register values and maintain I2C interface communications. This results in standby current ~ 100 µA typical. For this mode, the EN pin should be logic HIGH with signal level from 1.3 to VIN voltage. SHUTDOWN MODE To set LDS9003/9001 into the shutdown mode, the EN pin should be logic low more than 10 ms. The LDS9003/9001 shutdown current is less than 1 µA. The LDS9003/9001 wakes up from shutdown mode with factory-preset default data. To preserve customer-programmed data, use the standby mode. PROGRAMMING MODES The LDS9003/9001 is factory pre-programmed with certain default POR levels to facilitate both factory testing and user operation. However, specific LEDs and other user system conditions require user programming of the temperature compensation LUTs and other LED specific parameters. The loading of these registers can easily be conducted with a low cost “boot” type microcontroller having non-volatile memory to hold system and user parameters. 1K bits of non-volatile data storage is sufficient for the LDS9003. 256 bits is required for the LDS9001. After initialization and user programming the user should conduct an I C calibration sequence command by writing Bit 4 = 1 in the Control register 1Fh. This conducts a real time calibration of the initial starting temperature and actual LED parameters. Upon completion, Bit 4 will be internally reset to 0, and the LDS9003/9001 is ready for use.

Characteristics subject to change without notice DETAILED WLED LIGHTING SYSTEM APPLICATION LDS9001 Monitoring / Controlling 3 Series WLEDs µController Requirements: * Non-Volatile Memory for Program and Data Storage

1K Bytes Program Memory Downloads Stored Calibration Parameters & Temperature Correction Curves Via I2C to LDS9001
64 Bytes Data Memory Stores Calibration Parameters and Temp Correction Curves ** Eight Bit Integrated ADC (If Optional External Dimming Used)
Polls Dimming Pot, Converts to Digital PWM Code & Transmit to LDS9001 via I2C

Characteristics subject to change without notice PACKAGE DRAWING AND DIMENSIONS 16-PIN TQFN (HV3), 3mm x 3mm, 0.5mm PITCH SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A 0.70 0.75 0.80 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 A2 0.178 0.203 0.228 b 0.20 0.25 0.30 D 2.95 3.00 3.05 D1 1.65 1.70 1.75 E 2.95 3.00 3.05 E1 1.65 1.70 1.75 e 0.50 typ L 0.325 0.375 0.425 m 0.150 typ n 0.225 typ Note: 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Complies with JEDEC Standard MO-220

Characteristics subject to change without notice PACKAGE DRAWING AND DIMENSIONS 8-PIN TDFN, 2mm x 3mm, 0.5mm PITCH SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A 0.700 0.750 0.800 A1 - 0.000 0.050 A2 0.203 Ref. b 0.180 0.230 0.280 D 2.950 3.000 3.050 D1 1.750 1.800 1.850 E 1.950 2.000 2.050 E1 1.550 1.600 1.650 e 0.500 Bsc L 0.350 0.400 0.450 Note: 3. All dimensions are in millimeters 4. Complies with JEDEC Standard MO-220

Characteristics subject to change without notice

ORDERING INFORMATION

Part Number Package Package Marking LDS9003 002-T2 TQFN-16 3 x 3 mm (1) 9003 LDS89001 008-T2 DFN-8 3 x 2 mm (1) 9001 Notes: 1. Matte-Tin Plated Finish (RoHS-compliant) 2. Quantity per reel is 2000 EXAMPLE OF ORDERING INFORMATION Notes: 1) All packages are RoHS-compliant (Lead-free, Halogen-free). 2) The standard lead finish is Matte-Tin. 3) The device used in the above example is a LDS9003A 002– T2 (3x3 TQFN, Tape & Reel). 4) For additional package and temperature options, please contact your nearest IXYS Corp. Sales office. Optional Company ID Package 002: 3x3 TQFN 008: 3x2 DFN Prefix Device # Suffix LDS 9003 or 9001 002 T2 Product Number Tape & Reel T: Tape & Reel 2: 2000/Reel

Characteristics subject to change without notice Appendix 1 Table 14 Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 05h - 07h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, 0 00 100 32 20 -41.9 99.19 64 40 -32.6 97.63 Continued

Characteristics subject to change without notice Table 14 Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 05h – 07h data Continue # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, 192 C0 -11.6 73.46 224 E0 -5.7 47.68 193 C1 -11.3 72.68 225 E1 -5.4 46.12 194 C2 -11.1 71.90 226 E2 -5.2 44.56 195 C3 -10.9 71.12 227 E3 -4.9 42.99 196 C4 -10.6 70.34 228 E4 -4.7 41.43 197 C5 -10.4 69.56 229 E5 -4.5 39.87 198 C6 -10.2 68.77 230 E6 -4.3 38.31 199 C7 -10 67.99 231 E7 -4 36.74 200 C8 -9.8 67.21 232 E8 -3.8 35.18 201 C9 -9.5 66.43 233 E9 -3.6 33.62 202 CA -9.3 65.65 234 EA -3.4 32.06 203 CB -9.2 64.87 235 EB -3.2 30.49 204 CC -9 64.09 236 EC -3 28.93 205 CD -8.8 63.31 237 ED -2.8 27.37 206 CE -8.6 62.52 238 EE -2.7 25.81 207 CF -8.4 61.74 239 EF -2.5 24.24 208 D0 -8.2 60.96 240 F0 -2.3 22.68 209 D1 -8.1 60.18 241 F1 -2.1 21.12 210 D2 -7.9 59.40 242 F2 -2 19.56 211 D3 -7.7 58.62 243 F3 -1.8 17.99 212 D4 -7.6 57.84 244 F4 -1.6 16.43 213 D5 -7.4 57.06 245 F5 -1.5 14.87 214 D6 -7.3 56.27 246 F6 -1.3 13.31 215 D7 -7.1 55.49 247 F7 -1.2 11.74 216 D8 -6.9 54.71 248 F8 -1 10.18 217 D9 -6.8 53.93 249 F9 -0.8 8.62 218 DA -6.7 53.15 250 FA -0.7 7.06 219 DB -6.5 52.37 251 FB -0.6 5.49 220 DC -6.4 51.59 252 FC -0.4 3.93 221 DD -6.2 50.81 253 FD -0.3 2.37 222 DE -6.1 50.02 254 FE -0.1 0.81 223 DF -6 49.24 255 FF 0 0.00

Characteristics subject to change without notice Appendix 2 Table 15 Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 04h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, 0 0 0 0.00 32 20 -6 49.24 64 40 -11.8 74.24 19 13 -3 28.93 51 33 -9 64.09 83 53 -14.8 81.67 24 18 -4 36.74 56 38 -10 67.99 88 58 -15.8 83.62 Continued

Characteristics subject to change without notice Table 15 Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 04h data Continue # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, 192 C0 -32.8 97.68 224 E0 -42.5 99.24 193 C1 -32.9 97.73 225 E1 -42.8 99.27 194 C2 -33.1 97.78 226 E2 -43.1 99.29 195 C3 -33.3 97.83 227 E3 -43.4 99.32 196 C4 -33.5 97.88 228 E4 -43.7 99.34 197 C5 -33.7 97.92 229 E5 -44 99.37 198 C6 -33.9 97.97 230 E6 -44.4 99.39 199 C7 -34.1 98.02 231 E7 -44.7 99.41 200 C8 -34.4 98.07 232 E8 -45.1 99.44 201 C9 -34.6 98.12 233 E9 -45.5 99.46 202 CA -34.8 98.17 234 EA -45.9 99.49 203 CB -35 98.22 235 EB -46.3 99.51 204 CC -35.3 98.27 236 EC -46.7 99.54 205 CD -35.5 98.32 237 ED -47.2 99.56 206 CE -35.8 98.36 238 EE -47.7 99.58 207 CF -36.1 98.41 239 EF -48.2 99.61 208 D0 -36.3 98.46 240 F0 -48.8 99.63 209 D1 -36.6 98.51 241 F1 -49.4 99.66 210 D2 -36.9 98.56 242 F2 -50 99.68 211 D3 -37.2 98.61 243 F3 -50.7 99.71 212 D4 -37.5 98.66 244 F4 -51.5 99.73 213 D5 -37.8 98.71 245 F5 -52.3 99.76 214 D6 -38.2 98.75 246 F6 -53.2 99.78 215 D7 -38.5 98.80 247 F7 -54.3 99.80 216 D8 -38.9 98.85 248 F8 -55.4 99.83 217 D9 -39.2 98.90 249 F9 -56.7 99.85 218 DA -39.6 98.95 250 FA -58.3 99.88 219 DB -40.1 99.00 251 FB -60.3 99.90 220 DC -40.5 99.05 252 FC -62.8 99.93 221 DD -40.9 99.10 253 FD -66.3 99.95 222 DE -41.4 99.15 254 FE -72.3 99.98 223 DF -41.9 99.19 255 FF 100

Characteristics subject to change without notice Warranty and Use IXYS CORP. MAKES NO WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR GUARANTEE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF ITS PRODUCTS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NOR THAT THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS WILL NOT INFRINGE ITS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OR THE RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR USE OR APPLICATION AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF ANY SUCH USE OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. IXYS Corp. products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the IXYS Corp. product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. IXYS Corp. reserves the right to make changes to or discontinue any product or service described herein without notice. Products with data sheets labeled "Advance Information" or "Preliminary" and other products described herein may not be in production or offered for sale. IXYS Corp. advises customers to obtain the current version of the relevant product information before placing orders. Circuit diagrams illustrate typical semiconductor applications and may not be complete. IXYS Corp. 1590 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA 95035-7418 Phone: 408.457.9000 Document N: 9003/01_DS Fax: 408.496.0222 Revision: N1.0 http://www.ixys.com Issue date: 10/20/2009

Product Information

LDS9003 specifications and overview.

Summary

High Power LED Temperature and PWM Controller with LED-SenseTM In-Situ LED TJ Sensing

Description

High Power LED Temperature and PWM Controller with LED-SenseTM In-Situ LED TJ Sensing

Source title LDS9003 Datasheet(PDF) - IXYS Corporation

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