TP2050

TP2050 TRIPATH | Alldatasheet

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Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 1 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 TP2050 STEREO 50W (8 Ω) POWER STAGE Technical Information Revision 1.0 – July 2005 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The TP2050 is a stereo power stage capable of 50W continuous average power per channel, Class-T Digital Audio Power Amplifier using Tripath’s proprietary Digital Power ProcessingTM technology. The TP2050 can be coupled with a Class-T controller such as TC2000 or TC2001 to produce a high quality stereo amplifier.

APPLICATIONS

¾ 5.1-Channel DVD ¾ Mini/Micro Component Systems ¾ Home Theater ¾ Stereo applications (6Ω / 8Ω) ¾ Mono applications (4Ω) BENEFITS ¾ Single Supply Operation ¾ Very High Efficiency ¾ Wide Dynamic Range ¾ Compact layout

FEATURES

¾ Class-T Architecture ¾ High Output power ¾ 35W @ 6Ω, < 1% THD+N ¾ 50W @ 8Ω, < 3% THD+N ¾ 117W @ 4Ω, < 10.0% THD+N (paralleled outputs) ¾ Audiophile Quality Sound ¾ 0.007% THD+N @ 30W 8Ω ¾ 0.005% THD+N @ 70W 4Ω (paralleled outputs) ¾ High Efficiency ¾ 92% @ 60W 8Ω ¾ 85% @ 46W 6Ω ¾ 89% @ 117W 4Ω (paralleled outputs) ¾ Dynamic Range >100 dB

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 2 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 ABSOLUTE MAXI MUM RATINGS (Note 1) SYMBOL PARAMETER Value UNITS VCC Power Supply 40 V Vlogic Input Logic Level 5.5 V TA Operating Free-air Temperature Range 0 to 70 °C TSTORE Storage Temperature Range -40 to 150 °C TJMAX Maximum Junction Temperature 150 °C ESDHB ESD Susceptibility – Human Body Model (Note 2), all pins 2000 V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. See the table below for Operating Conditions. Note 2: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5KΩ resistor. OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS VCC Power Supply 10 36 V TA Operating Temperature Range 0 25 70 °C THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL PARAMETER Value UNITS θJC Junction-to-case Thermal Resistance 2.5 °C/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - TP2050 TA = 25 °C. See Application/Test Circuit. Unless otherwise noted, the supply voltage is VCC = 28V. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS Iq Quiescent Current V CC = 28V, both channels switching 125 mA IMUTE Tri-state Supply Current V CC = 31V 28 mA High-level input voltage IN1A, IN1B, IN2A, IN2B pins PIN 23 = 2.7V PIN 23 = 3.3V PIN 23 = 5.0V 1.65 1.95 2.80 V VIH High-level input voltage TRISTATE, PWRDN pins PIN 23 = 2.7V PIN 23 = 3.3V PIN 23 = 5.0V 1.50 1.70 1.85 V Low-level input voltage IN1A, IN1B, IN2A, IN2B pins PIN 23 = 2.7V PIN 23 = 3.3V PIN 23 = 5.0V 1.05 1.35 2.2 V VIL Low-level input voltage TRISTATE, PWRDN pins PIN 23 = 2.7V PIN 23 = 3.3V PIN 23 = 5.0V 0.70 0.80 0.85 V ISC Short-circuit current limit V CC = 30V, T=25oC 3.5 6 8 A

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 3 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = 25 °C. Unless otherwise noted, VCC = 30V, f=1kHz, and the measurement bandwidth is 20kHz. The measurements assume connection to TC2000 or TC2001 Class-T controller. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS POUT Output Power (Continuous Average/Channel) (Note 13) V CC = 30V, RL = 8Ω THD+N = 0.01% THD+N = 3.0% THD+N = 10.0% V CC = 23.5V, RL = 6Ω THD+N = 0.01% THD+N = 1.0% THD+N = 10.0% V CC = 30V, RL = 4Ω (par. output) THD+N < 0.01% THD+N < 10% 117 W W W W W W W W THD + N Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise POUT = 30W/Channel, RL = 8Ω VCC = 30V POUT = 70W Parallel, RL=4Ω VCC = 30V 0.007 0.005 IHF-IM IHF Intermodulation Distortion 19kHz, 20kHz, 1:1 (IHF), R L = 8Ω POUT = 30W/Channel 0.05 % SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio A-Weighted 0dB = 50W/Channel, RL = 8Ω 103 dB CS Channel Separation 0dB = 10W, R L = 8Ω, f=1kHz 95 dB AV Amplifier Gain P OUT = 10W/Channel, RL = 8Ω, See Application / Test Circuit

15 V/V

AVERROR Channel to Channel Gain Error P OUT = 10W/Channel, RL = 8Ω See Application / Test Circuit 0.5 dB η Power Efficiency P OUT = 60W/Channel, RL = 8Ω POUT = 45W/Channel, RL = 6Ω eN Output Noise Voltage A-Weighted, input AC grounded, RFBC=14kΩ, RFBB=1kΩ 135 µV

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 4 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 TP2050 POWER STAGE PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pin Function Description

1 GND-SUB Substrate ground

35,36 VccSign Signal positive supply

15 Vcc1A Positive supply

12 Vcc1B Positive supply

7 Vcc2A Positive supply

4 Vcc2B Positive supply

14 GND1A Negative supply

13 GND1B Negative supply

6 GND2A Negative supply

5 GND2B Negative supply

16,17 OUT1A Output half bridge 1A 10,11 OUT1B Output half bridge 1B 8,9 OUT2A Output half bridge 2A 2,3 OUT2B Output half bridge 2B

29 IN1A Input of half bridge 1A

30 IN1B Input of half bridge 1B

31 IN2A Input of half bridge 2A

32 IN2B Input of half bridge 2B

21,22 Vdd 5V regulator referenced to ground 33,34 Vss 5V regulator referenced to Vcc

25 PWRDN Stand-by pin

26 TRI-STATE Hi-Z pin

27 FAULT Fault output

24 CONFIG Config input

28 TH-WAR Thermal warning output

19 GND-clean Logic ground

23 IBIAS Logic threshold setting pin

18 NC Not connected

20 GND-Reg Ground for Vdd regulator

(Top view with heat slug up) OUT2B OUT2B VCC2B GND2B GND2A VCC2A OUT2A OUT2A OUT1B OUT1B VCC1B GND1B GND1A VCC1A OUT1A OUT1A NC GNDSUB1 18GNDCLEAN GNDREG IBIAS CONFIG PWRDN TRISTATE FAULT TH_WAR IN1A IN1B IN2A IN2B VSS VSS V CCSIGN VCCSIGN VCC VCC

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 5 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 APPLICATION / TEST DIAGRAMS Inputs and TC2000 / TC2001 ROFA 500K COF .1u;50V RFBC 14K;1% RFBB 1.0K;1% RI 20K .1u;50V ROFA 500K RFBB 1.0K;1% OUT1A CFB IN2 TC2000 / TC2001 IN1 ROFA 500K ROFA 500K CFB 470p;50V ROFB R54 22K CI 2.2u;10V RFBC 14K;1% RF 20K CI 2.2u;10V CFB 390p;50V COF .1u;50V RF 20K R53 11K OUT2A CS .1u;50V 14K;1% RFBB 1.0K;1% RI 20K ROFB RFBC 14K;1% J10 RCA_RT_ANG RREF 8.2K CFB 390p;50V OUT1B JP JUMPER 1 2 RCA_RT_ANG CS 100u;16V RFBB 1.0K;1% OUT2B Y1B HMUTE Y2B RFBC 470p;50VREF OCD0 VLO OVRLDB VHI GND VP1 IN1 MUTE BBM2 BBM1 VP2 IN2 BIASCAP FDBKP2 DCMP FDBKN2 VPWR FDBKP1 FDBKN1 HMUTE Y1B Y2B NC OCD1 TP2050 and Outputs RSN (note 1) 20;1/4W LO 15u RZ 15;1W RSN (note 1) 20;1/4W 15u Y2B VCC CS .1u OUT1N CS .1u CHBR .1u;50V M15 M17 M14 M16 PROTECTION LOGIC REGULATORS TP2050 .1u;50V CS .1u 15u R37 10K CS .1u OUT2B VCC VCC .1u;50V OUT1P CS .1u CZ .22u;50V R40 10K SPEAKER OUT2A 15u CDM .1u;100V CO .22u;50V CSN (note 1) 330p;100V;NPO CSN (note 1) 330p;100V;NPO VCC OUT1B VCC +CHBR 560u;50V .1u;50V .22u;50V Y1B CS .1u OUT1A OUT2B OUT2B VCC2B GND2B GND2A VCC2A OUT2A OUT2A OUT1B VCC1B GND1B GND1A VCC1A OUT1A OUT1A OUT1B GNDSUB NC GNDCLEAN GNDREG VDD VDD IBIAS CONFIG PWRDN TRISTATE FAULT TH_WAR IN1A IN1B IN2A IN2B VSS VSS VCCSIGN VCCSIGN CO LO LO LO CHBR CHBR CHBR 1000p;50V 1000p;50V RZ 15;1W OUT2N OUT2P CZ .22u;50V SPEAKERCDM .1u;100V CO .22u;50V .22u;50V CO 1000p;50V CCASE (note 2) 1000p;50V NOTE 1: C SN /RSN are optional locations, loaded only if required to reduce overshoot NOTE 2: C CASE (4 locations) represent bypass capacitors mounted at the exit of the speaker cable from the cabinet. They are optional and are used for EMI supression. Lead lengths on these components must be kept short to be effective. They are shown in this sch ematic for reference. CCASE (note 2) CCASE (note 2) CCASE (note 2)

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 6 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 APPLICATION / TEST DIAGRAM S FOR PARALLEL OPERATION Inputs and TC2000 / TC2001 COF .1u;50V RFBC 14K;1% RI 20K .1u;50V ROFA 500K RFBB 1.0K;1% TC2000 / TC2001 ROFA 500K ROFB R54 22K RFBC 14K;1% RF 20K CI 2.2u;10V CFB 390p;50V R53 11K OUT2A CS .1u;50V RFBB 1.0K;1% J10 RCA_RT_ANG RREF 8.2K CFB 390p;50V JP JUMPER 1 2 CS 100u;16V OUT2B HMUTE Y2B REF OCD0 VLO OVRLDB VHI GND VP1 IN1 MUTE BBM2 BBM1 VP2 IN2 BIASCAP FDBKP2 DCMP FDBKN2 VPWR FDBKP1 FDBKN1 HMUTE Y1B Y2B NC OCD1 RFBD RFBD 40K 40K TP2050 and outputs NOTE 1: C SN /RSN are optional locations, loaded only if required to reduce overshoot NOTE 2: C CASE (4 locations) represent bypass capacitors mounted at the exit of the speaker cable from the cabinet. They are optional and are used for EMI supression. Lead lengths on these components must be kept short to be effective. They are shown in this schematic for reference. VCC CS .1u CS .1u CHBR .1u;50V M15 M17 M14 M16 PROTECTION LOGIC REGULATORS TP2050 .1u;50V CS .1u R37 10K CS .1u VCC VCC .1u;50V CS .1u R40 10K VCC .1u;50V Y2B CS .1u OUT2B OUT2B VCC2B GND2B GND2A VCC2A OUT2A OUT2A OUT1B VCC1B GND1B GND1A VCC1A OUT1A OUT1A OUT1B GNDSUB NC GNDCLEAN GNDREG VDD VDD IBIAS CONFIG PWRDN TRISTATE FAULT TH_WAR IN1A IN1B IN2A IN2B VSS VSS VCCSIGN VCCSIGN CHBR CHBR CHBR VCC +CHBR 560u;50V LO 15u 15u LO SPEAKER RZ 15;1W CZ .22u;50V 20;1/4W CSN (note1) 330p;100V;NPO 1000p;50V 1000p;50V CCASE (note 2) CCASE (note 2) CDM .1u;100V CO .22u;50V CO .22u;50V OUT2B OUT2A RSN (note1) OUT2P OUT2N

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 7 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 EXTERNAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION (Refer to the Application/Test Circuit) Component Description CS Supply decoupling for the power supply pins. For optimum performance, these components should be located close to the TC2000/TP2050 and returned to their respective ground as shown in the Application/Test Circuit. CZ Zobel capacitor, which in conjunction with R Z, terminates the output filter at high frequencies. Use a high quality film capacitor capable of sustaining the ripple current caused by the switching outputs. RZ Zobel resistor, which in conjunction with C Z, terminates the output filter at high frequencies. The combination of RZ and CZ minimizes peaking of the output filter under both no load conditions or with real world loads, including loudspeakers which usually exhibit a rising impedance with increasing frequency. The recommended power rating is 1 Watt. LO Output inductor, which in conjunction with C O, demodulates (filters) the switching waveform into an audio signal. Forms a second order filter with a cutoff frequency of )CL2(1f OOC π= and a quality factor of OOOL CLCRQ = . CO Output capacitor, which in conjunction with LO, demodulates (filters) the switching waveform into an audio signal. Forms a second order low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of )CL2(1f OOC π= and a quality factor of OOOL CLCRQ = . Use a high quality film capacitor capable of sustaining the ripple current caused by the switching outputs. Electrolytic capacitors should not be used. CHBR High-frequency bypass capacitor for V CC – GND on each supply pin. A 50V rating is required for this component. CSN Optional snubber capacitor, which in conjunction with R SN, reduces overshoot on non-optimal layouts. Only required if switching output overshoot is above rated voltage of TP2500. Use low-dissipation type (NPO). RSN Optional snubber resistor, which in conjunction with C SN, reduces overshoot on non- optimal layouts. Only required if switching output overshoot is above rated voltage of TP2500. Required ¼ Watt rating. CDM Differential mode capacitor.

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 8 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (in conjunction with TC2000 / TC2001) 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 2 1005 10 20 50 Output Power (W) THD+N (%) THD+N vs Output Power f = 1kHz RL= 6Ω VDD=23.5 V AES 17 Filter 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 2 1005 10 20 50 Output Power (W) THD+N (%) THD+N vs Output Power f = 1kHz RL= 8Ω VDD=30V AES 17 Filter 0.0005 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k Frequency (Hz) THD+N (%) THD+N vs Frequency Po = 10W/ch RL = 6 Ω Vcc=23.5V BW = AES17 0.0005 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k Frequency (Hz) THD+N (%) THD+N vs Frequency Po = 10W/ch RL = 8 Ω Vcc=30V BW = AES17 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k Frequency (Hz) Amplitude (dBr) Intermodulation Distortion 19kHz, 20kHz 1:1 Po = 16.6W/ch, 6 Ω 0dBr = 10.0Vrms Vcc=23.5V BW = 22Hz - 30kHz -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 20 20k50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k Frequency (Hz) Amplitude (dBr) Intermodulation Distortion 19kHz, 20kHz 1:1 Po = 12.5W/ch, 8 Ω 0dBr = 10.0Vrms Vcc=30V BW = 22Hz - 30kHz

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 9 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (cont’d) 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Output Power (W) Efficiency (%) Vcc=23.5V RL = 6Ω AES 17 Filter THD+N < 10% Efficiency vs Output Power 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Output Power (W) Efficiency (%) Vcc=30V RL = 8Ω AES 17 Filter THD+N < 10% Efficiency vs Output Power 1 2 5 10 1005020 200 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 THD+N (%) THD+N vs Output Power (paralleled outputs) Vcc=30V RL = 4 AES 17 Filter f=1kHz Output Power (W) Ω 100 0 1 02 03 0 4 05 06 07 08 09 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 Output Power (W) Efficiency (%) Vcc=30V RL = 4 Ω AES 17 Filter THD+N < 10% Efficiency vs Output Power (paralleled outputs)

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 10 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05

APPLICATION INFORMATION

The TP2050 is a MOSFET output stage that level-sh ifts the signal processor’s 5V switching patterns to the power supply voltages and drives the power MOSFETs. The power MOSFETs are complementary N-channel/P-channel devices configured in full-bridges and are used to supply power to the output load. The outputs of the power MOSF ETs must be low pass filtered to remove the high frequency switching pattern. A residual voltage from the switching pattern will remain on the speaker outputs when the recommended output LC filter is used, but this signal is outside of the audio band and will not affect audio performance. Circuit Board Layout The TP2050 is a power (high current) power st age that operates at relatively high switching frequencies. The output of the amplifier swit ches between VCC and GND at high speeds while driving large currents. This high-frequency digital signal is passed through an LC low-pass filter to recover the amplified audio signal. Since the amplif ier must drive the inductive LC output filter and speaker loads, the amplifier outputs can be pull ed above the supply voltage and below ground by the energy in the output inductance. To avoid s ubjecting the TP2050 to potentially damaging voltage stress, it is critical to have a good printed circuit board layout. It is recommended that Tripath’s layout and application circuit be used for all applications and only be deviated from after careful analysis of the effects of any changes. The following components are important to place near their associated TP2050 pins and are ranked in order of layout importance, either for proper device operation or performance considerations. - The capacitors C HBR provide high frequency bypassing of the amplifier power supplies and will serve to reduce spikes across the supply rails. C HBR should be kept within 1/8” (3mm) of the VCC pins. Please note that the four VCC pins must be decoupled separately. In addition, the voltage rating for C HBR should be 50V as this capacitor is exposed to the full supply range. Similarly, capacitors C S should be located as close as possible to their respective pins on the TP2050. In general, to enable placement as close to the TP 2050, and minimize PCB parasitics, the capacitors listed above should be surface mount types (with the exception of the bulk CHBR capacitor). TP2050 Output Capability The TP2050 can drive two 8 Ohm loads with 40 Watts each at less than 0.05% THD+N. The maximum sustained amplifier output power will be determined by a number of factors including the TP2050 junction temperatures, the load impedance and the power supply voltage. Tripath does not recommend driving loads below 6 Ohms single ended as the amplifier efficiency will be reduced and the amplifier will reach it’s current limit at relatively low power output levels. With the outputs connected in parallel, howev er, the TP2050 is capable of driving single channel loads down to 4 Ohms with very high power capability. Paralleled Outputs For stereo mode operation, the TP2050 is a dual full bridge. For parallel mode operation, the TP2050 can be configured as a single full bridge with double current capability by connecting the CONFIG pin to the VDD pin of the TP2050. Please refer to the Application/Test Diagram for parallel operation.

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 11 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 Output Filter Design Tripath amplifiers generally have a higher swit ching frequency than PWM implementations, allowing the use of higher cutoff frequency filters and re ducing the load dependent peaking/drooping in the 20kHz audio band. This is especially important fo r applications where the end customer may attach any speaker to the amplifier (as opposed to a system where speakers are shipped with the amplifier), since speakers are not purely resistive loads and the impedance they present changes over frequency and from speaker model to speaker model. An RC network, or “Zobel” (R Z, CZ) should be placed at the filter output to control the impeda nce “seen” by the TP2050 when not attached to a speaker load. The TP2050 works well with a 2 nd order, 80kHz LC filter with L O = 10uH and C O = 0.47uF and RZ = 10 Ohm/1W and CZ = 0.47uF. NOTE: Output inductor selection is a critical desi gn step. The core material and geometry of the output filter inductor affects the TP2050 distortion levels, efficiency, power dissipation and EMI output. Please contact Tripath Applications for additional information about recommended inductor sources. Protection Circuits The TP2050 is protected against over-current, over / under-voltage and over-temperature conditions. Over-temperature Protection An over-temperature fault occurs if the juncti on temperature of the part exceeds approximately 150°C. The thermal hysteresis of the part is approximately 25 °C, therefore the fault will automatically clear when the junction temperature drops below 125°C. Performance Measurements of the TK2050 The TP2050 operates by generating a high frequency switching signal based on the audio input. This signal is sent through a low-pass filter (external to the Tripath amplifier) that recovers an amplified version of the audio input . The frequency of the switching patte rn is spread spectrum in nature and typically varies between 100kHz and 1MHz, which is well above the 20Hz – 20kHz audio band. The pattern itself does not alter or distort the audio input signal, but it does introduce some inaudible components. The measurements of certain perfor mance parameters, particularly noi se related specifications such as THD+N, are significantly affected by the design of the low-pass filter used on the output as well as the bandwidth setting of the measurement instrument used. Unless the filter has a very sharp roll-off just beyond the audio band or the bandwidth of the measurement instrument is limited, some of the inaudible noise components introduced by the TP2050 amplifier switching pattern will degrade the measurement. One feature of the TP2050 is that it does not require large multi-pole filters to achieve excellent performance in listening tests, usually a more critical factor than performance measurements. Though using a multi-pole filter may remove high-frequency noise and improve THD+N type measurements (when they are made with wide-bandwidth measuring e quipment), these same filters degrade frequency response. The TP2 050 Evaluation Board uses the App lication/Test Circuit of this data sheet, which has a simple two-pole output filter and excellent performance in listening tests. Measurements in this data sheet were taken using this same circuit with a limited bandwidth setting in the measurement instrument.

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 12 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05

Tripath Technology, Inc. - Technical Information 13 TP2050– KL/1.0/07.05 Tripath and Digital Power Processing are trademar ks of Tripath Technology Inc. Other trademarks referenced in this document are owned by their respective companies. Tripath Technology Inc. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Tripath does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. TRIPATH’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF TRIPATH TECHNOLOGY INC. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in this labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. For more information on Tripath products, visit our web site at: www.tripath.com Contact Information TRIPATH TECHNOLOGY, INC

2560 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95131

408.750.3000 - P 408.750.3001 - F For more Sales Information, please visit us @ www.tripath.com/cont_s.htm For more Technical Information, please visit us @ www.tripath.com/data.htm