SLTB010A

SLTB010A SILABS | Alldatasheet

Document overview

• Manufacturer or author: Provided By ALLDATASHEET.COM(FREE DATASHEET DOWNLOAD SITE)
• PDF pages: 33

Technical content

UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide The Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 is a low cost, small form factor prototype and development platform for the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko System-on-Chip. The board is a small and cost effective, feature rich, prototype and development platform based on the EFR32™ Wireless Gecko System-on-Chip. The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is an ideal platform for developing energy-friendly connected IoT devices. The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 ships with a Bluetooth demo that works with a cloud connected smartphone app, showcasing easy collection of environmental and motion sensor data, as well as button and LED control. A built in SEGGER J-Link debugger ensures easy debugging through the USB Micro-B connector. TARGET DEVICE

• EFR32 Wireless Gecko System-on-Chip (EFR32BG22C224F512IM40) 32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M33 with 76.8 MHz maximum operating frequency
• 512 kB flash and 32 kB RAM
• Energy-efficient radio core with low active and sleep currents
• Bluetooth 5.2 Direction Finding
• Integrated PA with up to 6 dBm (2.4 GHz) TX power
• Secure Boot with Root of Trust and Secure Loader (RTSL) KIT FEATURES
• 2.4 GHz ceramic chip antenna
• Power control of on-board peripherals for ultra low power operation Relative humidity and temperature sensor
• UV index and ambient light sensor
• Hall effect sensor
• 6-axis inertial sensor
• 8 Mbit flash for OTA programming and data logging
• User LED and push button
• 20-pin 2.54 mm breakout pads
• SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger
• Virtual COM port
• Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
• Mini Simplicity connector for AEM and packet trace using external Silicon Labs debugger
• USB or coin cell battery powered. SOFTWARE SUPPORT
• Simplicity Studio™ silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 2

5.4.2 silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 3

1. Introduction The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 (OPN: SLTB010A) has been designed to inspire customers to make battery operated IoT devices with the Silicon Labs EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko System-on-Chip. The highlights of the board include four different environmental sensors accessible to the EFR32BG22 wireless MCU. The peripherals can be turned on and off by the application code as needed. Programming the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is easily done using a USB Micro-B cable and the on-board J-Link debugger. A USB vir- tual COM port provides a serial connection to the target application, and the Packet Trace Interface (PTI) offers invaluable debug infor- mation about transmitted and received packets in wireless links. Included on the board is an 8 Mbit serial flash that can be used for Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware upgrade, or as a general purpose non-volatile memory. The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is supported in Simplicity Studio™, and a Board Support Package (BSP) is provided to give application developers a flying start. Energy profiling and advanced wireless network analysis and debugging tools are available through the provided Mini Simplicity Con- nector using an external Silicon Labs debugger. Connecting external hardware to the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 can be done using the 20 breakout pads which present peripherals from the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko such as I2C, SPI, UART and GPIOs. The breakout pads follow the same pinout as the expansion headers (EXP) on other Silicon Labs Starter Kits.

1.1 Kit Contents

The following items are included in the box:

• 1x Thunderboard EFR32BG22 board (BRD4184A)

1.2 Getting Started

Detailed instructions for how to get started with your new Thunderboard EFR32BG22 can be found on the Silicon Labs web pages: https://www.silabs.com/support/getting-started/thunderboard

1.3 Hardware Content

The following key hardware elements are included on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22:

• EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko SoC with 76.8 MHz operating frequency, 512 kB kB flash and 32 kB RAM
• 2.4 GHz ceramic antenna for wireless transmission
• Silicon Labs Si7021 relative humidity and temperature sensor
• Silicon Labs Si1133 UV index and ambient light sensor
• Silicon Labs Si7210 hall effect sensor
• TDK InvenSense ICM-20648 6-axis inertial sensor
• Macronix ultra low power 8 Mbit SPI flash (MX25R8035F)
• One LED and one push button
• Power enable signals and isolation switches for ultra low power operation
• On-board SEGGER J-Link debugger for easy programming and debugging, which includes a USB virtual COM port and Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
• Mini Simplicity connector for access to energy profiling and advanced wireless network debugging
• Breakout pads for GPIO access and connection to external hardware
• Reset button
• Automatic switchover between USB and battery power
• CR2032 coin cell holder UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Introduction silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 4

1.4 Kit Hardware Layout

The layout of the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is shown below. Top View Bottom View Push Button 30.4 mm 45.4 mm Reset Button 20-pin EXP-header Breakout Pads 6-axis Inertial Sensor USB Micro-B Connector - V irtual COM port - Debug access - Packet trace Hall Effect Sensor Humidity and Temperature Sensor Mini Simplicity Connector Ambient Light & UV Sensor EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko

2.4 GHz

Figure 1.1. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Hardware Layout UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Introduction silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 5

1. Specifications

2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions

Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit USB Supply Input Voltage VUSB - +5.0 - V Battery Supply Input Voltage VVBAT - +3.0 - V Supply Input Voltage (VMCU supplied externally) VVMCU - +3.0 - V Operating Temperature TOP - +20 - ˚C UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Specifications silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 6

2.2 Current Consumption

current of the board greatly depends on the application. The table below attempts to give some indication of how different features of the board contribute to the overall power consumption. Please note that the numbers are taken from the datasheets for the devices. For a full overview of the conditions that apply for a specific number from a datasheet, the reader is encouraged to read the specific datasheet. Table 2.1. Current Consumption Parameter Symbol Condition Typ Unit EFR32 Current Consump- tion1 IEFR32 MCU current consumption in EM0 mode with all peripher- als disabled (DC-DC converter at 3.0 V input and 1.8 V output, VSCALE1, 38.4 MHz crystal, CPU running Prime from flash at 25 ˚C) 28 µA/MHz Radio system current consumption in receive mode, active packet reception (DC-DC converter at 3.0 V input and 1.8 V output, MCU in EM1 and all MCU peripherals disabled, HCLK = 38.4 MHz, 1Mbit/s, 2GFSK, f = 2.4 GHz, VSCALE1 at 25 ˚C) 3.8 mA Radio system current consumption in transmit mode (DC- DC converter at 3.0 V input and 1.8 V output, MCU in EM1 and all MCU peripherals disabled, HCLK = 38.4 MHz, f =

2.4 GHz, CW, 6 dBm output power

, VSCALE1 at 25 ˚C) 8.4 mA UV/ALS Current Consump- tion 2 ISi1133 Standby 0.125 µA ADC Conversion in Progress 0.525 µA Responding to commands and calculating results 4.5 mA RH/Temp Sensor Current Consumption 3 ISi7021 Standby, -40 to +85˚C 0.06 µA RH conversion in progress 150 µA Temperature conversion in progress 90 µA Peak IDD during I2C operations 3.5 mA IMU Current Consumption 4 IIMU Full-chip sleep mode at 1.8 V supply 8 µA Gyroscope Only , 102.3 Hz update rate at 1.8 V supply 1.23 mA Accelerometer only, 102.3 Hz update rate at 1.8 V supply 68.9 µA Gyroscope + Accelerometer, 102.3 Hz update rate at 1.8 V supply 1.27 mA On-board Debugger Sleep Current Consumption 5 IDBG On-board debugger current consumption when USB cable is not inserted (EFM32GG12 EM4S mode current con- sumption) 80 nA Note: 1. From EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko SoC datasheet. From Si1133 datasheet. 3. From Si7021-A20 datasheet. 4. From ICM-20648 datasheet. 5. From EFM32GG12 datasheet. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Specifications silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 7

1. Hardware The core of the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko System-on-Chip. The board also contains several pe- ripherals connected to the EFR32BG22. For placement and layout of the hardware components the reader is referred to section 1.4 Kit Hardware Layout.

3.1 Block Diagram

An overview of the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is illustrated in the figure below. Memory Radio Device Connectivity & Deb ugging J-Link DebuggerUSB Micro-B Connector

8 Mbit

(EXP-Header pinout) Sensors Si7021 Si7210Si1133 Temperature & Humidity Sensor Ambient Light & UV Sensor Hall Effect Sensor ICM-20648 6-axis Inertial Sensor User Button & LED Mini-Simplicity Connector Serial Flash Figure 3.1. Kit Block Diagram UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 8

3.2 Power Supply

The kit can be powered by one of these sources:

• The debug USB cable A 3 V coin cell battery
• Mini Simplicity connector (requires that no other power sources are present on the kit). The figure below shows the power options available on the kit and illustrates the main system power architecture. USB Micro-B LDO 5V0 IN OUT Automatic Switchover 3V0 VMCU Battery EFR32BG22 Wireless SoC P eripherals Peripherals Peripherals Peripherals Mini Simplicity Connector Figure 3.2. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Power Options Power is normally applied using either a USB cable connected to a power source or a battery inserted in the CR2032 coin cell holder. The 5 volt power net on the USB bus is regulated down to 3.0 V using a low-dropout regulator. An automatic switchover circuit switches the main system power from battery power to USB power when the USB cable is inserted, and prevents charging of the battery. For more advanced operations, power can be applied through the Mini Simplicity connector. This option requires that no other power sources are present on the kit, as power is injected directly to the VMCU net. Failure to obey this can cause power conflicts and back- feeding of the battery. Powering the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 through the Mini Simplicity connector allows current measurements using the Advanced Energy Monitoring (AEM) as described in section 4.2 External Debugger. Important: When powering the board through the Mini Simplicity connector, the USB and battery power sources must be removed. The power supply options are summarized in the table below. Table 3.1. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Power Options Supply mode VIN (typ) VMCU 3V0 5V0 USB power 5.0 V On-board regulator On-board regulator USB VBUS CR2032 battery 3.0 V Battery voltage Turned off and isolated No voltage present Mini Simplicity 3.3 V Debugger dependent Turned off and isolated No voltage present

3.3 EFR32BG22 Reset

The EFR32BG22 can be reset by a few different sources: A user pressing the RESET button.

• The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low.
• An external debugger pulling the #RESET pin low. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 9

3.4 Peripherals

The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 contains a set of peripherals that can be accessed from the EFR32BG22. All the peripherals have ena- ble signals which can be used to completely turn off the peripherals that are not in use, or they can be put into a state that draws minus- cule amount of power. This allows for the lowest possible power consumption in every application. The following peripherals are acces- sible to the EFR32BG22:

• One Silicon Labs Si7021 relative humidity & temperature sensor
• One Silicon Labs Si1133 UV index & ambient light sensor
• One Silicon Labs Si7210 hall effect sensor
• One TDK InvenSense ICM-20648 6-axis inertial measurement sensor
• One Macronix MX25R8035F ultra low power 8 Mbit SPI flash
• One LED and one push button The figure below gives an overview of the peripherals that are connected to the EFR32BG22. Note that some of the peripherals share the same interface and enable signals. As the enable signals does not have external pull-down resistors on the board, it is recommen- ded to actively drive the signals either low or high in the application code to prevent the lines from floating. PC10 (I2C0_SCL#14) PC 11 (I2C0_SDA#16) EFR32BG22 ICM-20648 MX25R VMCU Si7021 Si1133 Si7210VMCU I2C SENSOR ENABLE IMU ENABLE SPI IMU CS SPI VMCU SPI FLASH CS IMU INTERRUPT

Figure 3.3. Peripherals UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 10

3.4.1 Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor

I2C relative humidity and temperature sensor is a monolithic CMOS IC integrating humidity and temperature sensor ele- ments, an analog-to-digital converter, signal processing, calibration data, and an I 2C interface. The patented use of industry-standard, low-K polymeric dielectrics for sensing humidity enables the construction of low-power, monolithic CMOS Sensor ICs with low drift and hysteresis, and excellent long term stability. The Si7021 offers an accurate, low-power, factory-calibrated digital solution ideal for meas- uring humidity, dew-point, and temperature, in applications ranging from HVAC/R and asset tracking to industrial and consumer plat- forms. On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, the Si7021 is powered down and isolated through an analog switch. The analog switch must therefore be enabled by setting PA04 high before it can be used by the application. This enables power to the Si7021 and connects the I 2C lines used for the sensor to the EFR32BG22 I2C bus. The figure below shows how the Si7021 is connected to the EFR32BG22. Si7021 Temperature & Humidity Sensor VMCUEFR32BG22 PD03 (I2C0.SCL) PD02 (I2C0.SDA) P A04 (GPIO) VDD_SENSOR EFR32_I2C_SCL EFR32_I2C_SDA EFR32_SENSOR_ENABLE SENSOR_I2C_SCL SENSOR_I2C_SDA 0: Sensor is not powered 1: Sensor is powered Figure 3.4. Si7021 Relative Humidity and Temperature Sensor Note: Although measures have been taken to thermally isolated the sensor from the board, temperature readings will be influenced when power is dissipated on the board. More accurate temperature measurements are achieved when powering the board with a bat- tery or through the Mini Simplicity connector as self-heating from the on-board LDO is eliminated and the on-board debugger is put in a low power state.

3.4.2 Si7210 Hall Effect Sensor

The Si7210 family of Hall effect sensors from Silicon Labs combines a chopper-stabilized Hall element with a low-noise analog amplifi- er, 13-bit analog-to-digital converter, and an I2C interface. Leveraging Silicon Labs' proven CMOS design techniques, the Si7210 family incorporates digital signal processing to provide precise compensation for temperature and offset drift. The 13-bit magnetic field strength can be read through the I 2C interface at any time. Applications for the Si7210 include mechanical position sensing in consum- er, industrial and automotive applications, reed switch replacement, fluid level measurement, speed sensing and control knobs and switches. On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, the Si7210 is powered down and isolated through an analog switch. The analog switch must therefore be enabled by setting PA04 high before it can be used by the application. This enables power to the Si7210 and connects the I 2C lines used for the sensor to the EFR32BG22 I2C bus. The figure below shows how the Si7210 is connected to the EFR32BG22. VMCUEFR32BG22 PD03 (I2C0.SCL) PD02 (I2C0.SDA) P A04 (GPIO) VDD_SENSOR EFR32_I2C_SCL EFR32_I2C_SDA EFR32_SENSOR_ENABLE SENSOR_I2C_SCL SENSOR_I2C_SDA 0: Sensor is not powered 1: Sensor is powered Si7210 Hall E ffect Sensor Figure 3.5. Hall Effect Sensor UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 11

3.4.3 Si1133 UV Index and Ambient Light Sensor

133 is a UV index and ambient light sensor with I 2C digital interface and programmable event interrupt output. This sensor IC includes dual 23-bit analog-to-digital converters, integrated high-sensitivity array of UV, visible and infrared photodiodes, and digital sig- nal processor. On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, the Si1133 is powered down and isolated through an analog switch. The analog switch must therefore be enabled by setting PA04 high before it can be used by the application. This enables power to the Si1133 and connects the I 2C lines used for the sensor to the EFR32BG22 I2C bus. The figure below shows how the Si1133 is connected to the EFR32BG22. VMCUEFR32BG22 PD03 (I2C0.SCL) PD02 (I2C0.SDA) P A04 (GPIO) VDD_SENSOR EFR32_I2C_SCL EFR32_I2C_SDA EFR32_SENSOR_ENABLE SENSOR_I2C_SCL SENSOR_I2C_SDA 0: Sensor is not powered 1: Sensor is powered Si1 133 Ambient Light & UV Sensor Figure 3.6. Si1133 UV and Ambient Light Sensor UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 12

3.4.4 ICM-20648 6-Axis Inertial Sensor

is a 6-axis inertial sensor consisting of a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer. The sensor detects acceleration and angular rate in and around the X-, Y- and Z-axes with integrated 16-bit ADCs and programmable digital filters. The device supports both the SPI and I2C interface. On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, the inertial sensor is located close to the geometrical center of the board. The coordinate system and rotation of the sensor follows the right-hand rule, and the spatial orientation of the board is shown in the figure below. Figure 3.7. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Spatial Orientation On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, the ICM-20648 is powered down and isolated through an analog switch. The analog switch must there- fore be enabled by setting PB04 high before it can be used by the application. This enables power to the ICM-20648 and connects the SPI lines used for the sensor to the EFR32BG22 SPI bus. Note the presence of the external pull-up resistor on the interrupt line as this can cause back powering if not handled correctly in software. The figure below shows how the ICM-20648 is connected to the EFR32BG22. VMCU EFR32BG22 PC02 (US0.CLK) PC00 (US0.TX) PB04 (GPIO) EFR32_SPI_SCLK EFR32_SPI_MOSI EFR32_IMU_ENABLE IMU_SPI_SCLK IMU_SPI_MOSI 0: Sensor is not powered 1: Sensor is powered ICM-20648 6-axis Intertial Sensor EFR32_SPI_MISOPC01 (US0.RX) IMU_SPI_MISO IMU_SPI_CS# VDD_IMU EFR32_IMU_INTPB03 (GPIO) EFR32_SPI_IMU_CS#PB02 (US0.CS) Figure 3.8. ICM-20648 Nine-axis Inertial Sensor UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 13

3.4.5 Push Button and LED

has one user push button marked BTN0 that is connected to a GPIO on the EFR32BG22. The button is connected to pin PB01 and it is debounced by an RC filter with a time constant of 1 ms. The logic state of the button is high while the button is not being pressed, and low when the button is pressed. The kit also features one yellow LED marked LED0 that is controlled by a GPIO pin on the EFR32BG22. The LED is connected to pin PB00 in an active-high configuration. EFR32BG22 EFR32_LED0 EFR32_BUTT ON0 User Button & LED PB01 (GPIO.EM4WU3) PB00 (GPIO) Figure 3.9. Button and LED

3.4.6 External Memory

EFR32BG22 is equipped with an 8 Mbit Macronix SPI Flash that is connected directly to the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko. The MX25R series are ultra low power serial flash devices, so there is no need for a separate enable switch to keep current consumption down. However, it is important that the flash is always put in deep power down mode when not used. This is done by issuing a command over the SPI interface. In deep power down, the MX25R typically adds approximately 100 nA to the current con- sumption. The figure below shows how the serial flash is connected to the EFR32BG22. EFR32BG22 Serial Flash MX25REFR32_SPI_MOSI EFR32_SPI_MISO EFR32_SPI_FLASH_CS# VMCU EFR32_SPI_SCLKPC02 (US0.CLK) PC00 (US0.TX) PC01 (US0.RX) PC03 (US0.CS) Figure 3.10. Serial Flash UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 14

3.5 On-board Debugger

EFR32BG22 contains a microcontroller separate from the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko that provides the user with a on-board J-Link debugger through the USB Micro-B port. This microcontroller is referred to as the "on-board debugger", and is not programmable by the user. When the USB cable is removed, the on-board debugger goes into a very low power shutoff mode (EM4S), consuming around 80 nA typically (EFM32GG12 datasheet number). In addition to providing code download and debug features, the on-board debugger also presents a virtual COM port for general pur- pose application serial data transfer. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) is also supported which offers invaluable debug information about transmitted and received packets in wireless links. Figure 3.11 On-Board Debugger Connections on page 15 shows the connections between the target EFR32BG22 device and the on- board debugger. The figure also shows the presence of the Mini Simplicity Connector, and how this is connected to the same I/O pins. Please refer to chapter 4. Debugging for more details on debugging. Mini Simplicity Connector EFR32MGEFR32BG22 P A01 (GPIO.SWCLK) PA02 (GPIO.SWDIO) P A03 (GPIO.SWV) PA05 (USART1.TX) PA06 (USART1.RX) PA07 (USART1.RTS) PA08 (USART1.CTS) DBG_VCOM_TX DBG_VCOM_RX DBG_VCOM_CTS DBG_VCOM_RTS DBG_SWCLK DBG_SWDIO DBG_SWO On-Board J-Link Debugger Host PC USB DBG_PTI _DATA PC04 (FRC.DOUT) PC05 (FRC.DFRAME)DBG_PTI_FRAME DBG_RESET RESETn Figure 3.11. On-Board Debugger Connections UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 15

3.6 Connectors

the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is a Mini Simplicity Connector, a USB Micro-B connector and 20 breakout pads that follow the expansion header pinout. The connectors are placed on the top side of the board, and their placement and pinout can be seen in Figure 3.12 Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Connectors on page 16. For additional information on the connectors see the following sub chapters. EXP2 - VMCU EXP4 - SPI_MOSI - PC0 EXP18 - 5V EXP20 - 3V0 EXP6 - SPI_MISO - PC1 EXP8 - SPI_SCLK - PC2 EXP10 - SPI_CS - PB2 EXP12 - UART_TX - PA5 EXP14 - UART_RX - PA6 EXP16 - I2C_SDA - PD2 GND - EXP1 PA8 - EXP3 PA7 - EXP5 PC6 - EXP7 PC7 - EXP9 PB0 - EXP11 PB1 - EXP13 PD3 - I2C_SCL - EXP15 BOARD_ID_SCL - EXP17 BOARD_ID_SDA - EXP19 Expansion Header Breakout Pads VMCU RST PA5 - VCOM_TX PA2 - SWDIO PC5 - PTI_FRAME GND VCOM_RX - PA6 SWO - PA3 SWCLK - PA1 PTI_DATA - PC4 Mini Simplicity Connector USB Micro-B Connector Mini-Simplicity Connector Pin 1 Figure 3.12. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Connectors UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 16

3.6.1 Breakout Pads

pads, which follow the expansion header pinout, are provided and allow connection of peripherals or add-on boards. Ten of the pads are located along the left side of the board while the remaining ten are located on the right side of the board. The breakout pads contain a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the EFR32BG22 Wireless Gecko's features. Additionally, the VMCU (main board power rail), 3V0 (LDO regulator output) and 5V power rails are also exported. The breakout pads are pinned out similar to the expansion header found on other Silicon Labs Starter Kits, which ensures that com- monly used peripherals such as SPI, UART and I 2C buses are available on fixed locations. The rest of the pins are used for general purpose IO. This allows the definition of expansion boards that can plug into a number of different Silicon Labs starter kits. The pin-routing on the EFR32 is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, pins may be shared between the breakout pads and other functions on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22. The table below includes an overview of the expansion header and functionality that is shared with the kit. Table 3.2. Expansion Header Pinout Pin Connection EXP Header Function Shared Feature Peripheral Mapping Right Side Breakout Pins 2 VMCU EFR32BG22 voltage domain, included in AEM measurements.

4 PC00 SPI_MOSI IMU & Flash US0_TX

6 PC01 SPI_MISO IMU & Flash US0_RX

8 PC02 SPI_SCLK IMU & Flash US0_CLK

10 PB02 SPI_CS IMU US0_CS

12 PA05 UART_TX Virtual COM Port US1_TX

14 PA06 UART_RX Virtual COM Port US1_RX

16 PD02 I2C_SDA Sensor I2C bus I2C0_SDA

20 3V0 Board controller supply Left Side Breakout Pins

1 GND Ground

3 PA08 GPIO Virtual COM Port

5 PA07 GPIO Virtual COM Port

7 PC06 GPIO

9 PC07 GPIO

11 PB00 GPIO LED

13 PB01 GPIO Button

15 PD03 I2C_SCL Sensor I2C bus I2C0_SCL

17 BOARD_ID_SCL Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards. 19 BOARD_ID_SDA Connected to Board Controller for identification of add-on boards. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 17

3.6.2 Mini Simplicity Connector

Simplicity connector featured on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 is a 10-pin 1.27 mm pitch connector that allows the use of an external debugger such as the one found on a Silicon Labs Wireless Starter Kit (WSTK) mainboard. In addition to providing serial wire debug (SWD) and virtual COM port functionality, the WSTK can also support advanced energy profiling, wireless network analysis and debugging tools. The pinout of the connector on the board is described in the table below with the names being referenced from the EFR32BG22. Table 3.3. Mini Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions Pin number Connection Function Description 1 VMCU VAEM Target voltage on the debugged application. Supplied and monitored by the AEM when powered by a WSTK with its power selection switch in the "AEM" position. 2 GND GND Ground. 3 EFR32BG22 reset pin DBG_RST Reset. 4 PA06 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx. 5 PA05 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx. 6 PA03 DBG_SWO Serial Wire Output. 7 PA02 DBG_SWDIO Serial Wire Data. 8 PA01 DBG_SWCLK Serial Wire Clock. 9 PC05 PTI_FRAME Packet Trace Frame Signal. 10 PC04 PTI_DATA Packet Trace Data Signal.

3.6.3 Debug USB Micro-B Connector

USB port can be used for uploading code, debugging, and as a Virtual COM port. More information is available in section 4. Debugging. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Hardware silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 18

1. Debugging The Thunderboard EFR32BG22 contains an on-board SEGGER J-Link Debugger that interfaces to the target EFR32BG22 using the Serial Wire Debug (SWD) interface. The debugger allows the user to download code and debug applications running in the target EFR32BG22. Additionally, it also provides a virtual COM port (VCOM) to the host computer that is connected to the target device's serial port, for general purpose communication between the running application and the host computer. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) is also supported by the on-board debugger which offers invaluable debug information about transmitted and received packets in wireless links. The on-board debugger is accessible through the USB Micro-B connector. An external debugger can be used instead of the on-board debugger by connecting it to the Mini Simplicity Connector. This allows ad- vanced debugging features as described in section 4.2 External Debugger . When using an external debugger it is very important to make sure that there is no power source present on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 if the external debugger is also sourcing a voltage on VMCU. Failure to do so will create power conflicts and there is no protection against backfeeding the on-board LDO or the battery. Important: When connecting an external debugger that sources voltage to the VMCU net, the USB and battery must be removed. Failure to do so will create power conflicts and there is no protection against backfeeding the on board LDO or the battery. The figure below shows the possible debug options. Figure 4.1. Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Debugging Possibilities UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Debugging silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 19

4.1 On-board Debugger

debugger is a SEGGER J-Link debugger running on an EFM32 Giant Gecko. The debugger is directly connected to the debug and VCOM pins of the target EFR32BG22. When the debug USB cable is inserted, the on-board debugger is automatically active, and takes control of the debug and VCOM inter- faces. This means that debug and communication will not work with an external debugger connected at the same time. The on-board LDO is also activated which then powers the board. When the USB cable is removed, the on-board debugger goes into a very low power shutoff mode (EM4S), consuming around 80 nA typically (EFM32GG12 datasheet number). This means that an application run- ning off batteries will not be affected too much by the on-board debugger power consumption. Since the I/O voltage rail of the debugger remains powered in the battery operated mode, the pins connected to the debug and VCOM interfaces maintain proper isolation and prevent leakage currents.

4.2 External Debugger

A Wireless Starter Kit (Wireless STK) mainboard with a debug adapter board from Silicon Labs can be connected to the Mini Simplicity Connector and used for debugging instead of the on-board debugger. For instruction on how this can be done see "AN958: Debugging and Programming Interfaces for Custom Designs". Debugging with an external Wireless STK mainboard gives access to the following debugging features:

• Debugging of the target device through SWD
• Communication using the VCOM port
• Packet Trace Interface
• Advanced Energy Monitor Please note that the Mini Simplicity Connector cannot be used at the same time as the on-board debugger is active (USB cable is plug- ged in). For information on how to correctly connect to the kit, see Figure 4.1 Thunderboard EFR32BG22 Debugging Possibilities on page 19. Powering the board when using the Mini Simplicity Connector with a Wireless STK mainboard and adapter board can be done using the AEM voltage supply of the Wireless STK mainboard. When doing this, remember to remove both the USB cable and the coin cell bat- tery from the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 before connecting the Wireless STK mainboard to the Mini Simplicity Connector. The power switch on the Wireless STK mainboard should be set in "AEM". Power-cycling of the board, if necessary, can easily be done by flipping the power switch on the Wireless STK to "BAT" and back to "AEM" assuming a battery is not inserted in the Wireless STK mainboard. It is possible to have the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 powered by a battery, and still use the Mini Simplicity Connector with a Wireless STK mainboard for debugging and communication. In this case the power switch on the Wireless STK mainboard must be set to the "BAT" position and the coin cell battery on the Wireless STK mainboard must be removed. In this case level shifters on the Wireless STK itself takes care of interfacing to different voltage levels on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22.

4.2.1 External Debugger Considerations

4.2.1.1 Pull-Up Resistor on Reset

A small current may be injected into the VDCDC rail when using an external debugger that has a pull up resistor to VMCU on the reset line. The debugger on the Wireless STK mainboard features a 100 kΩ pull-up resistor, and the following paragraph explains what hap- pens when a Wireless STK mainboard with a debug adapter board is connected to the Thunderboard EFR32BG22. The debugger on the Wireless STK mainboard features a pull-up resistor on the debug reset signal that connects to a buffered version of the power supply net VMCU when using the debug adapter board (BRD8010A). As the RESETn pin on the EFR32BG22 is connec- ted to the DVDD pin through a pull-up resistor inside the chip, an electric path is created between the buffered VMCU rail on the Wire- less STK mainboard and DVDD on the Thunderboard EFR32BG22. On Thunderboard EFR32BG22, DVDD is connected to the output of the EFR32BG22's DC/DC buck regulator (VDCDC) and current will flow from the buffered VMCU rail to the VDCDC net when VDCDC is regulated down to a voltage less than VMCU. The injected current will cause erroneous current consumption and current measurements, and raise the voltage on the VDCDC rail if the total current consumption of the VDCDC rail is less than the injected current. At the time of writing, the combination of the two pull-up resistors is 144 kΩ (typ) which would lead to ~10 µA injected current on VDCDC assuming VMCU is 3.3 V and VDCDC is 1.8 V.

4.2.1.2 Input Voltage

When powering the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 with a Wireless STK mainboard and debug adapter board, the sourced voltage on VMCU will be 3.3 V typically. Powering the Thunderboard EFR32BG22 at 3.3 V may exceed the safe operating range of the EFR32BG22 unless the average load current of the DC/DC converter and temperature are restricted accordingly. For more information about this topic see the EFR32BG22 datasheet. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Debugging silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 20

4.3 Virtual COM Port

COM port is a connection to a UART of the target EFR32BG22, and allows serial data to be sent and received from the device. The on-board debugger presents this as a virtual COM port on the host computer that shows up when the USB cable is inser- ted. Alternatively, the VCOM port can also be used through the Mini Simplicity Connector with an external Wireless STK. Data is transferred between the host computer and the debugger through the USB connection, which emulates a serial port using the USB Communication Device Class (CDC). From the debugger, the data is passed on to the target device through a physical UART connection. The serial format is 115200 bps, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit by default. Using the VCOM port through the Mini Simplicity Connector with an external Wireless STK works in a similar way, but requires that the on-board debugger is unplugged. The board controller on the Wireless STK then makes the data available over USB (CDC) or an IP socket. Note: Changing the baud rate for the COM port on the PC side does not influence the UART baud rate between the debugger and the target device. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Debugging silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 21

1. Radio

5.1 RF Section

This section gives a short introduction to the RF section of the BRD4184A board. The schematic of the RF section is shown in the figure below. GND GND VDCDC VDCDC GNDGND GND GND GND GND GND 18P C18 100N 1P5 C19 120P 1N5 C12 120P Ground RF I/ORF Crystal RF Analog Power PA Power U1B EFR32BG22 RF2G4_IO 14 RFVDD12 HFXTAL_I9 HFXTAL_O10 PAVDD15 RFVSS 13 742692004 1 2

38.4 MHz

k Figure 5.1. Schematic of the RF section

5.1.1 Description of the RF Matching

of the RF port of the EFR32BG22 is matched to 50 Ohm: the RF2G4_IO pin is connected to a three-element impe- dance matching and harmonic filter circuitry, and a DC blocking capacitor. The on-board ceramic antenna is also matched to 50 Ohm by its impedance matching components and connected to the EFR32BG22.

5.1.2 RF Section Power Supply

On the BRD4184A the supply for the radio (RFVDD) and the power amplifier (PAVDD) is connected to the on-chip DC-DC converter. By default, the DC-DC converter provides 1.8 V for the entire RF section (for details, see the schematic of the BRD4184A).

5.1.3 RF Matching Bill of Materials

The Bill of Materials of the BRD4184A RF matching network is shown in the following table. Table 5.1. Bill of Materials of the BRD4184A RF Matching Network Component name Value Manufacturer Part Number L1 2.6 nH Murata LQP03HQ2N6B02 C2 18 pF Murata GJM0335C1E180GB01D C3 1.2 pF Murata GRM0335C1H1R2WA01D C4 1.3 pF Murata GRM0335C1H1R3BA01D UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 22

5.1.4 Antenna

The BRD4184A has an on-board ceramic antenna. The land pattern for the antenna on the PCB layout was designed based on the recommendations of the antenna datasheet. Due to the fact that there is a significant difference between the layout (practically the board size) of the BRD4184A and the antenna evaluation board, the applied antenna matching network deviates from the recommendation. The values of the antenna matching network components were fine tuned to match the antenna impedance close to 50 Ohm on the BRD4184A PCB. The resulting antenna impedance and reflection are shown in the figure below. Figure 5.2. Fine Tuned Antenna Impedance (Red Curve) and Reflection (Blue Curve)

5.1.5 Antenna Matching Bill of Materials

The Bill of Materials of the BRD4184A antenna matching network is shown in the following table. T able 5.2. Bill of Materials of the BRD4184A Antenna Matching Network Component name Value Manufacturer Part Number ANT1 - Johanson 2450AT18D0100 L2 1.5 nH Murata LQP03TN1N5B02D C5 1.5 pF Murata GRM0335C1E1R5BA01D 5.2 EMC Regulations for 2.4 GHz 5.2.1 ETSI EN 300-328 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band Based on ETSI EN 300-328 the allowed maximum fundamental power for the 2400-2483.5 MHz band is 20 dBm EIRP. For the unwan- ted emissions in the 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz domain the specified limit is -30 dBm EIRP. 5.2.2 FCC15.247 Emission Limits for the 2400-2483.5 MHz Band FCC 15.247 allows conducted output power up to 1 Watt (30 dBm) in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band. For spurious emissions the limit is -20 dBc based on either conducted or radiated measurement, if the emission is not in a restricted band. The restricted bands are speci- fied in FCC 15.205. In these bands the spurious emission levels must meet the levels set out in FCC 15.209. In the range from 960 MHz to the frequency of the 5th harmonic it is defined as 0.5 mV/m at 3 m distance (equals to -41.2 dBm in EIRP). In case of operating in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band the 2nd, 3rd and 5th harmonics can fall into restricted bands so for those the -41.2 dBm limit should be applied. For the 4th harmonic the -20 dBc limit should be applied. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 23

5.2.3 Applied Emission Limits

The overall applied limits are shown in the table below. For the harmonics that fall into the FCC restricted bands, the FCC 15.209 limit is applied, and the ETSI EN 300-328 limit is applied for the rest. T able 5.3. Applied Limits for Spurious Emissions Harmonic Frequency Limit 2nd 4800~4967 MHz -41.2 dBm 3rd 7200~7450.5 MHz -41.2 dBm 4th 9600~9934 MHz -30 dBm 5th 12000~12417.5 MHz -41.2 dBm

5.3 Relaxation with Modulated Carrier

the applied modulation scheme, and the Spectrum Analyzer settings specified by the relevant EMC regulations, the measured power levels are usually lower compared to the results with unmodulated carrier. These differences have been measured and used as relaxation factors on the results of the radiated measurement performed with unmodulated carrier. This way, the radiated compliance with modulated transmission can be evaluated. In this case, both the ETSI EN 300-328 and the FCC 15.247 regulations define the following Spectrum Analyzer settings for measuring the unwanted emissions above 1 GHz:

• Detector: Average
• RBW: 1 MHz The table below shows the relative levels of the measured modulated signals compared to the unmodulated levels with the above Spectrum Analyzer settings in case of the supported modulation schemes. Table 5.4. Measured Relaxation Factors for the Supported Modulation Schemes Applied Modulation (Packet Length: 255 bytes) BLE Coded PHY:

125 Kb/s (PRBS9) [dB]

BLE Coded PHY:

500 Kb/s (PRBS9) [dB]

BLE 1M PHY: 1 Mb/s (PRBS9) [dB] BLE 2M PHY: 2 Mb/s (PRBS9) [dB] 2nd harmonic -2.7 -3.1 -3.3 -9.1 3rd harmonic -4.8 -5.2 -5.2 -10.7 4th harmonic -5.5 -6.5 -6.7 -11.9 5th harmonic -6.3 -6.5 -6.7 -11.4 As it can be observed, the BLE 125 Kb/s coded modulation scheme has the lowest relaxation factors. These values will be used as the worst case relaxation factors for the radiated measurements. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 24

5.4 Radiated Power Measurements

power of the EFR32BG22 was set to 6 dBm. The board was supplied through its USB connector by connecting to a PC through a USB cable. During the measurements the board was rotated in three cuts, see the reference plane illustration in the figure below. The radiated powers of the fundamental and the harmonics were measured with horizontal and vertical reference antenna polarizations. Y X Z Figure 5.3. DUT Reference Planes

5.4.1 Maximum Radiated Power Measurement

was operated in unmodulated carrier transmission mode, the output power of the radio was set to 6 dBm. The results are shown in the table below. The correction factors are applied based on the BLE 125 Kb/s coded modulation, showed in section 5.3 Relaxation with Modulated Carrier. For the rest of the supported modulation schemes the correction factors are larger, thus the related calculated margins would be higher compared to the ones shown in the table below. Thus the below margins can be considered as worst case margins. Table 5.5. Maximums of the Measured Radiated Powers of BRD4184A Frequency (2440 MHz) Measured Un- modulated EIRP [dBm] Orientation BLE 125 Kb/s Coded Modulation Limit in EIRP [dBm]Correction Fac- tor [dB] Calculated Modulated EIRP [dBm] Modulated Mar- gin [dB] Fund 7.6 XY/H NA (0 is used) 7.6 22.4 30 * Signal level is below the Spectrum Analyzer noise floor. As it can be observed the radiated power levels with modulation are far below the applied limits. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 25

5.4.2 Antenna Pattern Measurement

The measured typical antenna patterns are shown in the figures below. Figure 5.4. Antenna Pattern - XY UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 26

Figure 5.5. Antenna Pattern - XZ UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 27

Figure 5.6. Antenna Pattern - YZ

5.5 EMC Compliance Recommendations

5.5.1 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz ETSI EN 300-328 Compliance As it was shown in the previous chapter, with the EFR32BG22 output power set to 6 dBm, the radiated power of the fundamental of the BRD4184A complies with the 20 dBm limit of the ETSI EN 300-328. The harmonic emissions are under the applied limits with margin. 5.5.2 Recommendations for 2.4 GHz FCC 15.247 Compliance As it was shown in the previous chapter, with the EFR32BG22 output power set to 6 dBm, the radiated power of the fundamental of the BRD4184A complies with the 30 dBm limit of the FCC 15.247. The harmonic emissions are under the applied limits with margin. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Radio silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 28

1. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM Schematics, assembly drawings, and bill of materials (BOM) are available through Simplicity Studio when the kit documentation pack- age has been installed. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 29

1. Kit Revision History and Errata

7.1 Revision History

revision can be found printed on the box label of the kit, as outlined in the figure below. The kit revision history is summarised in Table 7.1 Kit Revision History on page 30. SLTB010A Thunderboard EFR32BG22 1632000360 01-22-20 A01 Figure 7.1. Revision Info Table 7.1. Kit Revision History Kit Revision Released Description A01 2020-01-22 Updated revision to include BRD4184A Rev. A02. A00 2019-11-25 Initial kit revision with BRD4184A Rev. A01.

7.2 Errata

Table 7.2. Kit Errata Kit Revision Problem Description A01-A00 Contains board with known erratas The kit contains a board revision with known erratas. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Kit Revision History and Errata silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 30

1. Board Revision History and Errata

8.1 Revision History

revision can be found laser printed on the board, and the board revision history is summarised in Table 8.1 Board Revision History on page 31. Table 8.1. Board Revision History Revision Released Description A02 2020-22-01 Changed C5 and X900. A01 2019-11-04 Changed U1 part number, updated RF matching network, removed NM compo- nents and updated PCB revision. A00 2019-09-13 Initial version.

8.2 Errata

Table 8.2. Board Errata Board Revision Problem Description A02-A00 External debuggers may inject current on VDCDC. A small current may be injected into the VDCDC rail when using an external de- bugger that has a pull up resistor to VMCU on the reset line as described in section 4.2.1.1 Pull-Up Resistor on Reset. Chosen PDM micro- phone interface pinout and routing affects radio performance. Using the microphones and the radio at the same time leads to severe degra- dation of radio performance and unstable Bluetooth link. This is because the PDM microphone interface pin selection and routing is too close to the HFXTAL pins and the HFXO, causing signal coupling to the HFXO and further into the radio. As a consequence of this issue the PDM microphones are not supported by the sample application that is pre-programmed into the board, and the sound level will not be displayed in the Thunderboard mobile app. This issue will be addressed on a new board revision, in which a new pinout of the PDM interface will be chosen. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Board Revision History and Errata silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 31

1. Document Revision History Revision 1.0 March, 2020

• Initial document release. UG415: Thunderboard™ EFR32BG22 User's Guide Document Revision History silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 1.0 | 32

One-click access to MCU and wireless tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. Available for Windows, Mac and Linux! IoT Portfolio www.silabs.com/IoT SW/HW www.silabs.com/simplicity Quality www.silabs.com/quality Support and Community community.silabs.com http://www.silabs.com Silicon Laboratories Inc.

400 West Cesar Chavez

Austin, TX 78701 USA Disclaimer Silicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Without prior notification, Silicon Labs may update product firmware during the manufacturing process for security or reliability reasons. Such changes will not alter the specifications or the performance of the product. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied in this document. This document does not imply or expressly grant any license to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any FDA Class III devices, applications for which FDA premarket approval is required or Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Silicon Labs disclaims all express and implied warranties and shall not be responsible or liable for any injuries or damages related to use of a Silicon Labs product in such unauthorized applications. Trademark Information Silicon Laboratories Inc.® , Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, ClockBuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, ISOmodem®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress® , Zentri, the Zentri logo and Zentri DMS, Z-Wave®, and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.