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baseboard provides all necessary support functions, including a USB-based programming interface, analog audio. of the EVB hardware and software. Table 1. FM Tuner Test Equipment

Figure 1. Si477x FM Tuner Measurement Setup J57, J58, J59, and J60 should be set to the TERM side. For details, refer to the EVB user’s guide. calibration is performed by setting the Generator#1 at 98 MHz and 0 dBm and measuring the RF power at the DUT. measurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT.

Rev. 0.1 3 2.2. FM Tuner Configuration The FM tuner is set to following common configuration. The user can run the FM tests by configuring the FM frequency and using the power up defaults (by just booting up the tuner using GUI). However, the following setups enhance the measurement speed, and can be used if the user is running automated tests. "Appendix A—Setting properties using the Audio GUI" on page 42 describes the methods for setting the property values using the Audio GUI. 2.2.1. Disable Hi-Cut and Hi-Blend The Hi-Cut and Hi-Blend is disabled by setting following properties: setProperty( 0x3601, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3605, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3609, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x360D, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3611, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3615, 0xB4B4); //FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3701, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3705, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3709, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x370D, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3711, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ setProperty( 0x3715, 0xB4B4); //FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_CUTOFF_FREQ Property Value Property Address Property Value to Set Frequency 98 MHz Volume Maximum 0x0300 0x003F Stereo Separation RSSI Limit (max) Stereo Separation RSSI Limit (min) 55 dBµv (0x37 8 MSBs) 25 dBµv (0x19 8 LSBs) 0x3500 0x3719 Hi-Cut & Hi-Blend Disabled See below Fast Attack and Release Enabled See Below

4 Rev. 0.1 2.2.2. Set Fast Attack and Release The attack and release times for Blend, Hi-cut and Hi-blend based on RSSI, multipath and USN can be sped up by setting the following properties. RSSI Based Blend setProperty( 0x3502, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3503, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3506, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3507, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME Multipath Based Blend setProperty( 0x350A, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x350B, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x350E, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x350F, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME Blend based on USN setProperty( 0x3512, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3513, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3516, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3517, 0x0010);//FM_BLEND_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME Hicut Based on RSSI setProperty( 0x3602, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3603, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3606, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3607, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME Hicut Based on Multipath setProperty( 0x360A, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x360B, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x360E, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x360F, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME Hicut based on USN setProperty( 0x3612, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3613, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3616, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3617, 0x0010);//FM_HICUT_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME Hiblend based on RSSI setProperty( 0x3702, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3703, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3706, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_ATTACK_TIME

Rev. 0.1 5 setProperty( 0x3707, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_RSSI_RELEASE_TIME Hiblend based on Multipath setProperty( 0x370A, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x370B, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x370E, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x370F, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_MULTIPATH_RELEASE_TIME Hiblend based on USN setProperty( 0x3712, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3713, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_FAST_USN_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x3716, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_ATTACK_TIME setProperty( 0x3717, 0x0010);//FM_HIBLEND_SLOW_USN_RELEASE_TIME setProperty( 0x2203, 0x0001);// AM_CHBW_SQ_WIDENING_TIME setProperty( 0x2204, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_SQ_NARROWING_TIME setProperty( 0x2208, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_ASSI_WIDENING_TIME setProperty( 0x2209, 0x0001); //AM_CHBW_ASSI_NARROWING_TIME

6 Rev. 0.1 2.3. Analyzer Configuration The analyzer is configured in analog mode for the tests. The following configuration is common for all tests:  Instrument: Analog  Bandwidth: 22 kHz  Pre Filter: OFF  Channel Coupling: AC 2.4. FM Test Procedures The following procedures measure analog audio output. 2.4.1. Sensitivity Sensitivity of a receiver is a measure of its ability to receive weak signals and produce an audio frequency output of usable magnitude and acceptable quality. Sensitivity may be defined with respect to many different characteristics of the output signal. For the purposes of our testing, sensitiv ity is the minimum RF le vel required to produce an audio output with a specified signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), of 26 dB. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Function: THD+N/SINAD b. Measurement Mode = SINAD c. Fundamental = 1000 Hz Fixed d. Filter = OFF e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz f. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement) h. Set Unit = dB. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. d. Set Source = LFGEN (Internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. e. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 26 dB. 5. Sensitivity (dBµV) = VRF0.

Rev. 0.1 7 2.4.2. THD The total harmonic distortion, or THD, is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present at the audio output and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components calculated in RMS fashion to the power of the fundamental. The THD measurement is performed for both mono and the stereo signals for both normal (60 dBµV) and strong signal (120 dBµV). 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Function= THD b. Measurement Mode= All di c. Fundamental= 1000 Hz Fixed d. Equalizer= OFF e. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement) f. Select Unit = %. 2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1 a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 75 kHz. d. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. (120 dBµV for strong signal) e. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. f. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. OR 1. For stereo measurement: Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal). b. Select Stereo Modulation. c. Deviation=67.5 kHz. d. Pilot Deviation=6.75 kHz. e. Mode= L=1 R=0. f. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Pre-emphasis = OFF. h. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Disable generator #2. 3. Record THD (%).

8 Rev. 0.1 2.4.3. SNR The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltage due to the signal to that due to random noise. The SNR measurement is performed for both mono and the stereo signal. In the mono SNR test is performed for both normal (60 dBµV) and strong signal (120 dBµV). 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = Level Noise. c. Set Units = dB. d. Fundamental = 1000 Hz fixed. e. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Set Frequency Limit Upper = 15000 Hz. g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement). 2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal test). b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal). d. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. e. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. f. Disable generator #2. OR 1. For stereo measurement: Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. b. Select Stereo Modulation. c. Deviation = 67.5 kHz. d. Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. e. Mode= L=1 R=0. f. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Pre-emphasis = OFF h. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Record SNR (dB) = Input RM S(dBV) – Level Noise (dBV).

Rev. 0.1 9 2.4.4. SINAD Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) is similar to signal to noise ratio, but includes distortion and is a ratio of "signal plus noise plus distortion" to "noise plus dist ortion." To make the SINAD measurement, a signal modulated with an audio tone is entered into the receiver. A measurem ent of the whole signal, i.e ., the signal plus noise plus distortion, is made by the audio analyzer. The audio tone is then removed by the analyzer and the remaining noise and distortion is measured. SINAD te st is performed for both mono and stereo signals. Mono SINAD test is performed for normal (60 dBµV) and strong signals (120 dBµV). 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Fundamental: 1000 Hz Fixed. d. Filter = OFF. e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Frequency Limit High = 150 Hz. g. Function Setting: Off (for quick measuremen t) or Average (for accurate measurement). h. Select Unit = dB. 2. For mono measurement: Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV (120 dBµV for strong signal). b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). e. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. OR 1. For stereo measurement: Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. b. Select Stereo Modulation. c. Set Deviation = 67.5 kHz. d. Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. e. Mode = L=1 R=0 f. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Record SINAD (dB).

10 Rev. 0.1 2.4.5. AM Suppression AM suppression of an FM receiv er represents the ability of th e receiver to reject AM of the input signal. AM might be a result of fading multi-path signals, aircraft flutter, AM at the transmitter, and AM introduced in the receiver by pass-band limitations and mistuning. AM suppression is measured as a ratio of voltage measured with an FM modulated signal to that of an AM modulated signal. Configure the audio analyzer: 1. Select Analyze. a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: c. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Record the audio level, VAUDIO0. 4. Turn off generator #1 FM modulation. 5. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. b. Select AM Modulation. Set Depth = 30%. c. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. d. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 6. Record the audio level, VAUDIO1. 7. AM Suppression (dB) = VAUDIO0 – VAUDIO1.

Rev. 0.1 11 2.4.6. Audio Output Voltage Audio output voltage is measured as an RMS value under standard operating conditions. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = VRMS. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: b. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). c. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. 3. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Audio level (VRMS) = measured VAUDIO0 from Audio Analyzer.

12 Rev. 0.1 2.4.7. Audio L/R Imbalance The level difference between the two stereo channels is a quality criterion of the tune r because level differences shift the center for stereo sound impression. Audio L/R imbalance is the ratio of left to right channel output voltage. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. c. Select FM Modulation. d. Set FM Deviation = 75 kHz. e. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). g. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. h. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Left channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOL. 4. Right channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOR. 5. Audio L/R imbalance (dB) = abs (VAUDIOL - VAUDIOR).

Rev. 0.1 13 2.4.8. Audio Stereo Separation Crosstalk occurs when signal components of a channel are coupled into another audio channel. This reduces channel separation and thus impairs the stereo effect. Au dio stereo separation is the level ratio of the wanted signal in a channel to the unwanted signal coupled into t he other channel. Only the left channel is modulated and the levels are measured in both channels to obtain th e ratio. To suppress the noise components, a selective measurement is carried out. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: 2. Select Analyze. a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 3. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. c. Select Stereo Modulation. d. Set FM Deviation = 67.5 kHz. e. Set L = 1, R = 0. f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). g. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. h. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs. i. Set Pilot = ON. j. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. k. Enable modulation. l. Enable carrier. 4. Left channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOL. 5. Right channel audio level (dBV) = VAUDIOR. 6. Audio Stereo Separation (dB) = abs (VAUDIOL – VAUDIOR).

14 Rev. 0.1 2.4.9. Stereo Pilot Rejection A pilot tone is transmitted at 19 kHz to identify stereo br oadcast transmissions. In order not to disturb instruments such as amplifiers and recorders connected to the tuner, the pilot tone and its subcarriers must be sufficiently suppressed in the tuner. Stereo pilot rejection is the quality criterion of a tuner that is measured as the ratio of wanted audio frequency voltage to pilot frequency voltage according to the equation: Pilot Rejection = 1 kHz + 20 x log ( pilot/ f) – V19 kHz) Where f is FM frequency deviation and pilot is pilot frequency deviation. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. e. Set Filter = OFF 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Set RF level = 60 dBµV. c. Select Stereo Modulation d. Set FM Deviation = 67.5 kHz. e. Set Mode L = R. f. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs. h. Set Pilot = ON. i. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. j. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Audio 1 kHz level (dBV) = V1 kHz. 4. Configure audio analyzer frequency mode = FIX: 19 kHz. 5. Audio 19 kHz level (dBV) = V19kHz. 6. Pilot Rejection (relative to pilot) (dB) = V1 kHz – V19kHz + 20 x log10 (pilot/ f) = V1kHz – V19kHz – 20.

Rev. 0.1 15 2.4.10. IP3 Intermodulation distortion in the detected or decoded audio-frequency signal may be caused by non-linearity in the radio-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and detector stages of the receiver. A good measure of intermodulation distortion is IP3. IP3 is the theoretical RF level at which two blockers (VRF 1), offset from the desired frequency by f and 2 f, and their intermodulation product (VRF0) would be of the same amplitude, according to the equation IP3 = VRF1 + ½(VRF1 – VRF0). VRF0 is t he 26 dB SINAD sensitivity level at the fundamental frequency. VRF1 is the blocker level required to produce an inter-modulation product at the same sensitivity level. In our test: f1 = 98.4 MHz (blocker #1) f2 = 98.8 MHz (blocker #2) 2 x f1 – f2 = 98.0 MHz (tuner frequency) 1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. To achieve maximum gain, a. Boot the tuner in standard configuration. b. Turn OFF RF output of the generators. c. Turn OFF the Tuner AGC. d. Send the following command. i. setProperty (0x0710 0x3F) e. (OR) Turn OFF tuner AGC from the Audio GUI. i. In the Audio GUI, select Window Properties menu. This launches the properties window. ii. In properties Window Select Property Category AM:AGC Properties. iii. In AGC Properties set AGC State Off.

16 Rev. 0.1 2. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Filter = OFF. d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz, Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. e. Select Unit = dB. f. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement). 3. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.4 MHz. b. Set RF level = 70 dBµV. c. Select FM Modulation. d. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). e. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. f. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Configure generator #2: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.8 MHz. b. Set RF level = 70 dBµV. c. Disable modulation . Enable carrier. 5. Simultaneously adjust the generator #1 and generator #2 RF level, VRF1, until SINAD = 26 dB. 6. IP3 (dBµV) = VRF1 + ½ (VRF1 - VRF0). VR F0 is the level from sensitivity test.

the signal frequency and other frequencies associated with harmonics of the local oscillator frequency. To understand the concept of image frequency, refer to Figure 2. Figure 2. Image Frequency Spectra

1. The image injection side can be positive or negative depending on the frequency of tuner. For the frequency
2. Configure the audio analyzer:

a. Set Function = RMS Select. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. d. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. f. Enable modulation . Enable carrier.

1. Vary the Generator#1 RF level and measure using the analyzer to reach a target sinad level of 26 dB. The
2. Set the RF level of generator#1 to VRF2 = VRF1 +3 dB

c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. e. Enable generator. Enable carrier.

1. Set generator#2 initially at VRF2. Increase the RF level of the image (generator #2) until SINAD drops back to

26 dB. Call this RF level VRF3.

1. Image rejection (dB) = VRF3 – VRF2.

18 Rev. 0.1 2.4.12. Adjacent/Alternate Channel Rejection Rejection is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the tuned transmission (such as a radio station) and reject other signals nearby, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel. The adjacent/ alternate channel rejection tests are performed at –100 , –200, and –400 kHz offsets. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Filter = OFF. d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. e. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. f. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. g. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement). h. Select Unit = dB. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98.0 MHz. b. Set RF level VRF0 = 40 dBµV. c. Select FM Modulation. d. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal). e. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. f. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Configure generator #2: (alternate channel). b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. d. Source = LFGEN. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. e. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Adjust generator #2 RF level, VR F1, until the SINAD level is 26 dB. 5. Rejection (dB) = VRF1 – VRF0.

Figure 3. Si477x AM Tuner Measurement Setup Table 2. AM Tuner Test Equipment

20 Rev. 0.1 3.1. AM Tuner Testing Calibration During testing power combiner and cable losses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. The calibration is performed by setting the Generator#1 at 1 MHz and 0 dBm and measuring the RF power at the DUT. The calibration factor is either programmed as an offs et to the generator or manually compensated during measurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT. 3.2. AM Tuner Configuration The AM tuner is set to following common configuration. It is not necessary to set the following properties during AM testing. The user can run the AM tests by configuring the AM frequency and using the power up defaults (by just booting up the tuner using GUI). However, the following setups enhance the measurement speed, and can be used if the user is running automated tests. Appendix A describes the methods for setting the property values using the Audio GUI. Property Value Property Address Property Value to Set Input Frequency 1000 kHz Volume 63 (max) 0x0300 0x003F Hi-cut Disabled 0x3104 0x3232 Softmute OFF 0x0400 0x0000 AGC Mode Fast 0x070C 0x070D 0x0008 0x0008

Rev. 0.1 21 3.3. AM Tuner Testing Procedures The following procedures describe AM tuner measurements. 3.3.1. Sensitivity Sensitivity of a receiver is a measure of its ability to receive weak signals and produce an audio frequency output of usable magnitude and acceptable quality. Sensitiv ities may be defined with respect to many different characteristics of the output signal. For the purposes of ou r testing, sensitivity is the minimum RF level required to produce an audio output with a specified signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), of 20 dB. Note that the sensitivity measurement is defined with respect to SINAD and not SNR. Descriptions for these two measurements will be given in the following sections. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Set Unit = dB. d. Set Filter = OFF. e. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. g. Fundamental = 1000 Hz fixed function. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Select AM Modulation. c. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. d. Set source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. e. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Disable generator #3. 5. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 20 dB. 6. Sensitivity = VRF0 (dBµV).

22 Rev. 0.1 3.3.2. Radiated Sensitivity In order to avoid environmental noise issues, it is best to conduct radiated tests in a shielded room. 1. Connect test equipment as shown in Figure 4. 2. Configure the tuner: a. Set frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set volume = 63. 3. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Select Analyze. b. Set Function = THD+N / SINAD. i. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. ii. Set Unit = dB. iii. Set Filter = A-weighting. iv. Set Frequency Limit Low = 300 Hz. v. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. 4. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Select AM Modulation. i. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. ii. Set Source = LFGEN. iii. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. c. Enable AM modulation. d. Enable RF carrier. 5. Disable generator #2. 6. Disable generator #3. 7. Disconnect the USB connection through the GUI while keeping the device ON. 8. Remove the laptop from the room in which the testing is conducted. 9. Adjust generator #1 RF level, VRF 0, until audio analyzer SINAD = 20 dB ± 1 dB. 10.Sensitivity (µV) = VRF0.

Figure 4. Test Setup for AM Radiated Sensitivity

24 Rev. 0.1 3.3.3. SNR The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltage due to the signal to that due to random noise. This test is performed at standard (30%) and High (90%) modulation depth as well as normal (74 dBµV) and strong (100 dBµV) signal levels. 1. Configure the audio analyzer to record noise. a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = Level Noise. c. Set Unit = dB. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. e. Set Filter = OFF. f. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. g. Set Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set RF level = 74 dBµV (100 dBµV for strong signal). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. (90% for High) e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. f. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Disable generator #3. 5. Record Noise (dB) from analyzer. 6. Record SNR (dB) = Input RM S(dBV) – Level Noise (dBV).

Rev. 0.1 25 3.3.4. THD The total harmonic distortion, or THD, is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present at the audio output and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components calculated in RMS fashion to the power of the fundamental. This test is performed at standard (30%) and high (90%) modulation depth as well as normal (74 dBµV) and strong (100 dBµV) signal levels. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Function= THD. b. Measurement Mode= All di. c. Fundamental= 1000 Hz fixed. d. Equalizer = OFF. e. Function Setting = Off (for quick measurement) or Average (for accurate measurement). f. Select Unit = %. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set RF level = 74 dBµV (100 dBµV for strong signal). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30% (90% for high Modulation depth measurement). e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF (carrier). 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Disable generator #3. 5. Record THD (%).

26 Rev. 0.1 3.3.5. SINAD Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) is similar to signa l to noise ratio, but includes distortion. A measurement of the whole signal, i.e., the signal plus noise plus distorti on, is made by the audio analyzer. The audio tone is then removed by the analyzer and the remaining noise and distor tion is measured. This test is performed at standard (30%) and High (90%) modulation. depth 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Fundamental: 1000 Hz fixed. d. Filter = OFF. e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz. g. Function Setting: Off (for quick measuremen t) or Average (for accurate measurement). h. Select Unit = dB. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz b. Set RF level = 74 dBµV (100 dBµV for strong signal). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30% (90% for high Modulation depth measurement). e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF (carrier). 3. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Disable generator #2. 5. Disable generator #3. 6. Record SINAD (dB).

Rev. 0.1 27 3.3.6. Output Voltage 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = V RMS. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set RF level = 74 dBµV. c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF (carrier). 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Disable generator #3. 5. Record audio level (Vrms) from the analyzer.

28 Rev. 0.1 3.3.7. Adjacent/Alternate Channel Rejection Rejection is a measure of the performance of a radio receiver to respond only to the tuned transmission (such as a radio station) and reject other signals nearby, such as another broadcast on an adjacent channel. Adjacent channel rejection measures the interference from an unwant ed signal present one band spacing away (9 kHz away). Alternate channel rejection measures the interference from an unwanted signal present two band spacing away (18 kHz away). 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = SINAD. c. Filter = OFF d. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. e. Frequency Limit High = 15000 Hz f. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. g. Select Unit = dB. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set RF level VRF0= 20 dBµV. c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable AM modulation. Enable RF carrier. 3. Disable generator #3. 4. Configure generator #2: a. Set carrier frequency = 0.991 MHz (adjacent channel), or b. Set carrier frequency = 0.982 MHz (alternate channel). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. g. Enable AM Modulation. Enable RF carrier. 5. Adjust generator #2 RF level, VRF1, until the sinad = 20 dB. 6. Rejection (dB) = V RF1 – VRF0.

Rev. 0.1 29 3.3.8. Image Rejection This test measures the image rejection for image at frequency ±186 kHz. 1. The image injection side can be positive or negative depending on the frequency of tuner. For the frequency mentioned in this test routine, the injection side is negative (image rejection at negative 186 kHz). If the user need to use other frequency value, they can read the image injection side from the chip and decide whether to use positive or negative image offset (refer to "Appendix B—Reading Image Offset Side Using the Audio GUI" on page 44). 2. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 3. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 1 MHz. b. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. c. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). d. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. e. Set signal level VRF1 = 54 dBµV. f. Enable modulation. g. Enable carrier. 4. Disable generator #3. 5. Configure generator #2: a. Set carrier frequency = 0.814 MHz. b. Set image level VRF2 = 82 dBµV. c. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). e. Set LFGEN frequency = 0.4 kHz. f. Enable generator. g. Enable modulation. 6. Set audio analyzer at fixed 1 kHz and read the (message) level value VAUDIO0 7. Set audio analyzer at fixed 0.4 kHz and read the (image) level value VAUDIO1 8. V AudioRelative = VAUDIO0 – VAUDIO1. 9. V RFRelative = VRF2 – VRF1. 10.Image Rejection = VAudioRelative + VRFRelative.

30 Rev. 0.1 3.3.9. IP3 Intermodulation distortion in the detected or decoded audio-frequency signal may be caused by non-linearity in the radio-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and detector stages of the receiver. A good measure of intermodulation distortion is IP3. IP3 is the theoretical RF level at which two blockers (VRF 1), offset from the desired frequency by f and 2f, and their intermodulation product. In our test:  40/80 kHz offset  f1 = 1040 kHz (blocker #1) f2 = 1080 kHz (blocker #2)  2 x f1 – f2 = 1 MHz (tuner frequency)  140/280 kHz offset  f1 = 1280 kHz (blocker #1) f2 = 1140 kHz (blocker #2)  2 x f1 – f2 = 1 MHz (tuner frequency) The following procedure describes the 40/80 kHz offset testing: 1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. To achieve maximum gain, a. Boot the tuner in standard configuration. b. Turn OFF RF output of the generators. c. Turn OFF the Tuner AGC. The tuner AGC can be turned off using the Audio GUI. i. In the Audio GUI, select Window  Properties menu. This launches the properties window. ii. In properties Window Select Property Category AM:AGC Properties. iii. In AGC Properties set AGC State Off. 2. Configure the audio analyzer:

Rev. 0.1 31 a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 3. Configure generator #1 (For the carrier signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 1000 kHz. b. Set RF level = 54 dBµV (VRF_message). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Configure generator #2 (For the blocker#1 signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 1040 kHz. b. Set RF level = 92 dBµV (VRF_blocker). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN. f. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. g. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 5. Configure generator #3 (For the blocker#2 signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 1080 kHz. b. Set RF level = 92 dBµV (VRF_blocker). c. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. d. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). e. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. 6. Read the message level rms value (due to carrier at 1kHz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_message (dBV)) 7. Turn the Generator #1 modulation OFF 8. Setup Analyzer at fixed frequency of 400 Hz (blocker) 9. Read the blocker level rms value (due to blocker at 400 Hz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_blocker (dBV)) 10.Calculate IP3 a. RelativeLevel = (Vrms_ message – Vrms_blocker) b. MessageInputLevel = VRF_message + 20.0 x Math.Log10(0.3) c. BlkMessageInputLevel = MessageInputLevel – RelativeLevel d. IP3 = VRF_blocker + ((VRF_blocker – BlkMessageInputLevel)/2)

32 Rev. 0.1 3.3.10. IP2 The following procedure describes the IP2 testing 1. The IP3 test requires that after configuring the tuner in standard configuration, the tuner should be set at maximum gain. Follow the same procedure as IP3 test above to set the tuner to maximum gain. 2. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Bandwidth = BP 3%. c. Set Units = dBV. d. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 3. Configure generator #1 (For the carrier signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 1000 kHz. b. Set RF level = 48 dBµV (VRF_message). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN. f. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. g. Set Filter OFF h. Enable modulation. Enable carrier. 4. Configure generator #2 (For the blocker#1 signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 400 kHz. b. Set RF level = 96 dBµV (VRF_blocker). c. Select AM Modulation. d. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. e. Set Source = LFGEN. f. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. g. Enable modulation. Enable carrier. 5. Configure generator #3 (For the blocker#2 signal): a. Set carrier frequency = 600 kHz. b. Set RF level = 96 dBµV (VRF_blocker). c. Set AM Modulation Depth = 30%. d. Set Source = LFGEN. e. Set LFGEN frequency f. Set LFGEN frequency = 400 Hz. 6. Read the message level rms value (due to carrier at 1 kHz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_message (dBV)). 7. Turn the Generator #1 modulation OFF. 8. Setup Analyzer at fixed frequency of 400 Hz (blocker). 9. Read the blocker level rms value (due to blocker at 400 Hz) displayed in the analyzer (Vrms_blocker (dBV)). 10.Calculate IP2. a. RelativeLevel = (Vrm s_message - Vrms_blocker) IP2 = 2 x VRF_blocker + RelativeLevel – VRF_message

1. Enable RDS (setProperty(0x4002, 0xFFF1).

Table 3. RDS Test Equipment *Note: You can power up the EVB through two Agilent E3646A Power Supplies.

34 Rev. 0.1 4.2. RDS Testing Procedures The following procedures describe RDS measurement proce dure. The Audio GUI is used during the RDS tests to make the measurements. For instruction about meas urements using RDS window of the Audio GUI refer to "Appendix C—Reading RDS information using the Audio GUI" on page 45. 4.2.1. RDS Sensitivity RDS sensitivity is the minimum RF level required to pr oduce an audio output with a specified block error rate (BLER), 5%. BLER is a ratio of the number of data blocks received with at least one un-correctable bit to the number of blocks received. 1. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 97.9 MHz. b. Set initial RF level to 5 dBuV (this level is changed later to find the sensitivity level). c. Select stereo modulation. i. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only iii. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). iv. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. v. Set Pre-emphasis = OFF. vi. Set Pilot = ON. vii. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. viii. Set RDS = ON. ix. Set RDS Deviation = 2 kHz. x. RDS State = ON xi. Set RDS Data Set = 1. xii. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF. xiii. Set Traffic Program = OFF. xiv. ARI State = Off d. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Adjust generator #1 RF level, V RF0. Using the Audio GUI measure BLER (by reading the Error Rate from GUI) until BLER = 5%. After changing the RF level each time, press the Reset button in the RDS window and wait for 25 seconds before reading the Error Rate (BLER) from the GUI. 3. Sensitivity (dBµV) = V RF0.

Rev. 0.1 35 4.2.2. RDS BLER BLER stands for block error rate, which is a ratio of number of data blocks received with at least one un-correctable bit to the number of blocks received. This test is often used to test the RDS Sensitivity (BLER <5%) specification during production. 1. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98 MHz. b. Set RF level = 20 dBuV. c. Select stereo modulation i. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only iii. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). iv. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. v. Set Pre-emphasis = OFF. vi. Set Pilot = ON. vii. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. viii. Set RDS = ON. ix. Set RDS Deviation = 2 kHz. x. RDS State = ON xi. Set RDS Data Set = 1. xii. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF. xiii. Set Traffic Program = OFF. xiv. ARI State = OFF d. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Using the Audio GUI measure BLER. Wait for 25 seconds before reading the Error Rate (BLER) from the GUI

36 Rev. 0.1 4.2.3. RDS Sync Persistence/Sync Stability Test RDS Sync is influenced by the signal quality and streng th. Once the RDS is synchroni zed, the FM tuner has the ability to maintain its synchronization even with high BLER and fading signa l strength. This test measures the ability to maintain RDS Sync in degrading signal conditions. 1. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98 MHz. b. Set RF level = 5 dBuV. c. Select stereo modulation. i. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. ii. Set L=R. iii. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). iv. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. v. Set Pre-emphasis = 75 µs. vi. Set Pilot = ON. vii. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. viii. Set RDS = ON. ix. Set RDS Deviation = 2 kHz. x. Set RDS Data Set = 1. xi. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF. xii. Set Traffic Program = OFF. xiii. ARI State = OFF d. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Using the Audio GUI, observe the RDS button turning from red to green (the button turns green when sync is established) by Increasing the Generator#1 RF level. Register the RF level at which the RDS button turns and stays green for at least 10 seconds. This level is the RDS Sync Stability Level. 3. Increase the Generato r #1 RF level by 5 dBµV from the Sync Stability Level. Now decrease the RF level and observe the RDS button in the GUI to turn from green to red (Sync lost) and stay red for at least 10 seconds. The RF level at which the sync is lost is the RDS Sync Stability Level.

Rev. 0.1 37 4.2.4. RDS Sync Time Test This test measures the time required to establish the RDS Sync. 1. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 98 MHz. b. Set RF level = 20 dBµV. c. Select stereo modulation i. Set FM Deviation = 22.5 kHz. ii. Set Stereo Mode = Left Only. iii. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). iv. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. v. Set Pre-emphasis = OFF. vi. Set Pilot = ON. vii. Set Pilot Deviation = 6.75 kHz. viii. Set RDS = ON. ix. Set RDS Deviation = 2 kHz. x. RDS State = ON xi. Set RDS Data Set = 1. xii. Set Traffic Announcement = OFF. xiii. Set Traffic Program = OFF. xiv. ARI State = OFF d. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 2. Using the Audio GUI make sure that sync is established (RDS button turns green). Wait for at least 10 seconds after the sync is established. Measure the sync time from GUI display (RDS Sync … ms text box )

at the LOUT pin and can be accessed via the LOUT at the audio (just as left channel audio is access in FM testing). Note: Take care not to use the ROUT output for MPX testing. During MPX testing power combiner and cable losses must be calibrated and factored into each measurement. measurement. All the levels specified in this document are the levels that should be set at the DUT. select the Output Mode of the Audio GUI as MPX Audio. This Configure LOUT for MPX and disable ROUT. Table 4. MPX Tuner Test Equipment *Note: You can power up the EVB through two Agilent E3646A Power Supplies.

Rev. 0.1 39 5.3. MPX Tuner Test Procedure 5.3.1. MPX Output Voltage Level Output voltage level is measured as an RMS value with a modulation frequency of 76 kHz (VICS service frequency) under the below conditions. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Analyzer Bandwidth to 80 kHz. c. Set Filter Bandwidth = BP 3%. d. Set Units = V RMS. e. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 76 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: b. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). c. Set LFGEN frequency = 76 kHz. 3. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Audio level (V RMS) = measured VAUDIO0 from Audio Analyzer

40 Rev. 0.1 5.3.2. MPX Audio Frequency Response MPX audio frequency response is measured as a dB value in relation to a 1 kHz test tone. The measurements may vary, but typically the difference is measured at 76 kHz (the VICS tone) at a minimum. Silicon Labs measures the difference at 65, 76, and 85 kHz. The measurement below is repeated for each of these frequencies and compared to 1 kHz. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = RMS Select. b. Set Analyzer Bandwidth to 250kHz. c. Set Filter Bandwidth = BP 3%. d. Set Units = dBV. e. Set Frequency Mode = FIX: 1 kHz. 2. Configure generator #1: b. Set FM Deviation = 7.5 kHz. Set Source = LFGEN (internal). c. Set LFGEN frequency = 1 kHz. 3. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 4. Audio level (dBV) is displayed. Note the output at 1k Hz, then repeat the above procedure by setting the audio analyzer Frequency Mode to measure a FIX frequency and the generator’s LFGEN frequency tone for: a. 65 kHz b. 76 kHz c. 85 kHz 5. Compare each measurement to the audio level for 1kHz to determine the MPX audio frequency response.

Rev. 0.1 41 5.3.3. MPX SNR The signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver, under specified conditions, is the ratio of the audio frequency output voltage due to the signal to that due to random noise. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Set Function = THD+N/SINAD. b. Set Measurement Mode = NOISE. c. Set Units = dB. d. Fundamental = 76 kHz fixed. e. Set Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Set Frequency Limit Upper = 80000 Hz. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 83.0 MHz. Set RF level = 65 dBµV. b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz. Set source = LFGEN (internal). d. Set LFGEN frequency = 76 kHz. e. Enable modulation . Enable carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Record SNR (dB) = – Noise (dB) (from analyzer). 5.3.4. MPX Sensitivity MPX Sensitivity of a receiver is a meas ure of its ability to receive weak sign als and produce an MPX output at the 76 kHz VICS frequency of usable magnitude and acceptable quality. For the purposes of our testing, sensitivity is the minimum RF level required to produce an audio output with a specified signal-to-noise ratio of 5 dB. 1. Configure the audio analyzer: a. Function: THD+N/SINAD. b. Measurement Mode = NOISE. c. Fundamental = 76 kHz fixed. d. Filter = OFF. e. Frequency Limit Low = 30 Hz. f. Frequency Limit High = 80000 Hz. g. Set Unit = dB. 2. Configure generator #1: a. Set carrier frequency = 83.0 MHz. b. Select FM Modulation. c. Set FM Deviation = 3 kHz. d. Set Source = LFGEN (Internal). Set LFGEN frequency = 76 kHz. e. Enable modulation. Enable carrier. 3. Disable generator #2. 4. Adjust generator #1 RF level, V RF0, until audio analyzer NOISE = –5 dB. Sensitivity (dBµV) = VRF0.

42 Rev. 0.1 APPENDIX A—S ETTING PROPERTIES USING THE AUDIO GUI The properties can be set using Audio GUI in two different ways: using property window or register map. To change properties using the property window: 1. Launch Audio GUI and initialize the tuner. 2. Launch the properties window from menu Window  Properties. 3. In the property Category, user can select individual categories or FM:All (AM:All, WB:All, etc). 4. Select the desired category and property and change the value. 5. Observe the Property address and changed proper ty value (In the example below Blend Fast Stereo Separation was changed to 40 dB that changes property 0x3501 to 0x2800). Alternately the user can change the property values using the register map: 1. Select from the menu Window  Register Map. 2. Select CMD Set_Property (0x13). 3. ARG2 is the 8MSBs and ARG3 is the 8LSBs of the pr operty address (e.g. property address 0x3501, ARG2 = 0x35, ARG3 = 0x01). ARG4 is the 8MSBs and ARG5 is the 8LSBs of the property value (e.g., property value 0x2800, ARG4 = 0x28, ARG5 = 0x00). 4. After setting the values in the window, press Send Command.

Rev. 0.1 43

44 Rev. 0.1 APPENDIX B—R EADING IMAGE OFFSET SIDE USING THE AUDIO GUI The rsq_status can be read using the Audi o GUI to determine the status and va lues of different chip parameters. The following example shows How to read the injection side for AM Image Rejection Test. 1. Initialize the chip in AM mode. 2. From Tools menu, select Register Map. This will launch the register map window. 3. In CMD drop down box, select Am_Rsq_Status (0x42). 4. Press the button Send Command. 5. Mask RESP2 with 0x04. (In the exam ple, 0x10 would be masked with 0x04, resulting in 0x00). If the resulting value is 0, the image offset is negative. Otherwise, it is positive. Initialize chip in FM mode and follow the same procedure to determine FM Image Offset Side.

Rev. 0.1 45 APPENDIX C—R EADING RDS INFORMATION USING THE AUDIO GUI 1. Launch audio GUI and tune the desired Frequency 2. From the Window Menu, select RDS Receive Data. This launches the RDS window 3. In the RDS window, the RDS button turns green when RDS sync is established. Wait for at least 10 seconds after sync turns green to make sure that the sync is stable. 4. The Error Rate and Syc Time are displayed in the window. 5. After changing any RF input level to the RDS receiver, please press the Reset button to re-acquire data. 6. Wait for at least 25 sec before reading the Error Rate. There are two Error Rates displayed, After Tune and After Sync. The two values should show same value after waiting for 25 seconds.

Silicon Laboratories intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Laboratories products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Laboratories reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Laboratories shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products must not be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Laboratories. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Laboratories products are generally not intended for military applications. Silicon Laboratories products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Trademark Information Silicon Laboratories Inc., Silicon Laboratories, Silicon Labs, SiLabs and the Silicon Labs logo, CMEMS®, EFM, EFM32, EFR, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZMac®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, DSPLL®, ISOmodem ®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, SiPHY®, USBXpress® and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Laboratories Inc. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders. http://www.silabs.com Silicon Laboratories Inc.

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