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The demo boards have four LEDs to display information and four push-buttons to receive user commands. The provided software pack contains all the documentation and files needed to develop a user application. software debugging and the use of the Keil & SDCC C compiler, assembler, and linker toolchain. RF links in wireless systems under particular conditions. Table 1. Kit Contents
2 Toolstick_BA Toolstick Base Adapter
2 USB-XTEN-01 USB extender cable (USBA-USBA)
4 AAA AAA alkaline battery
Rev. 0.1 3 2. Range Test Demo 2.1. Basics As it was stated above range test demo is used to provide measured results on the quality of the RF link. The demo uses two RFstick one of them as the ‘transmitter’ (TX) other as the ‘receiver’ (RX). Both RFsticks can be either transmitters or receiver. The transmitter sends packets to the receiver repeatedly with half second interval. The packet includes address of the transmitter and number of the sent packet. The packet number increments from packet to packet. The receiver receives the packet and checks its address. If their addresses match packet number is stored. The receiver then sends back an acknowledge packet (ACK) to the transmitter. ACK packet also includes the address and the packet number of the received packet. PER can be calculated with the following equation: The transmitter can calculate PER using the following data: PTX is the packet counter to be included in the packet PRX is the number of all the received acknowledge packets The receiver can calculate PER using the following data: PTX is the packet number included in the last received packet PRX is the number of all received data packets 2.2. RF and Demo Parameters This section provides information on the user parameters of the range test demo. All the parameters (excluding frequency band) can be changed in the demo through its menu system (see "2.4. Menu System of the Range Test Demo" on page 6). The following parameters are available: Frequency band (defined by the HW) Communication frequency (selected by the user) Node address (selected by the user) Modulation (selected by the user) Data rate (selected by the user) Demo settings are stored in the MCU’s flash memory and restored after power on reset. Default values are loaded if no settings were previously stored in the flash. It is also possible to define custom RF parameters fo r communication. Custom parameters can be stored with the Wireless Development Suit (WDS). For more information on creation and storage of custom parameters, refer to the WDS User’s guide for EZRadio Next Generation. PER PTX PRX– PTX Where: PER is the packet error rate (%) P TX is the number of sent packets PRX is the number of received packets
board EEPROM and selects the appropriate frequency range. lists the available frequencies. with the same address within close proximity, otherwise the different systems will disturb each other. be selected. Table 3 lists the available data rates. Table 2. Available Frequencies
0 Custom Custom
Table 3. Available Data Rates
Rev. 0.1 5 2.3.4. Custom Parameters As it was stated above user can store custom RF para meters into the devices wit h WDS. One custom field is available in each node. If any of the three RF parameters (frequency, modulation, data rate) is set to custom both the other parameters are configured to be custom as well. Notes: The firmware drops an error message and continues with default parameters if no custom field is stored, but custom parameter is selected. The firmware goes to error state if the frequency band of the custom settings mismatches with the frequency band of the device. 2.3.5. Default Demo Settings The default demo settings are as follows: Frequency band: defined by the HW Frequency number: Middle band: 1 High band—868 MHz: 2 High band—915 MHz: 4 Node address: 5 Modulation: High precision GFSK Data rate number: 1 (FSK: 9.6 kbps, OOK: 2.4 kbps)
In Ready state the demo waits for command. after leaving the configuration menu. PB1 can push the demo to RX state. packet and recalculates the PER. Table 4. Packet Error Rate on the LEDs and Buzzer
In TX state the node sends packets to the receiver repeatedly with half second timeout including the node address. recalculates its PER after receiving the ACK packet or timeout occurred. The user can change demo parameters in the configuration menu. The user can set new node address in this menu state. Set the node address on the switches in binary format. Figure 4. Address Configuration Example (10)
Rev. 0.1 9 Options: PB1: Stores new settings Result: blinks all LED once Next state: Ready state 2.4.1.6. Frequency Configuration Menu The user can set the communication frequency in this menu state. State Display: LED2 blinks Set the Configuration: Set the frequency number on the switches by their frequency number: Custom: SW1–SW4 are on Freq. num. 1: SW1 is on, all others are off Freq. num. 2: SW2 is on, all others are off Freq. num. 3: SW3 is on, all others are off Freq. num. 4: SW4 is on, all others are off In case of wrong selection is set or the selected frequency number is not supported (e.g., no custom frequency is stored) the default frequency of the used frequency band will be selected. Options: PB2: Stores new settings Results: i. Blinks all LEDs once if selection is OK. ii. Blinks LED4 and beeps buzzer once if the parameter had to be set to default because of an unsupported selection. Next State: Ready state 2.4.1.7. Data Rate Configuration Menu The user can set the communication data rate in this menu state. State Display: LED3 blinks Set the Configuration: Set the data rate number on the switches by their frequency number: Custom: SW1 – SW4 are on Data rate num. 1: SW1 is on, all others are off Data rate num. 2: SW2 is on, all others are off Data rate num. 3: SW3 is on, all others are off In case of wrong selection is set or the selected data rate number is not supported (e.g. no custom data rate is stored) the default data rate will be selected. Options: PB3: Stores new settings Results: i. blinks all LED once if selection is OK ii. blinks LED4 and beeps buzzer once if parameter had to be set to default because of not supported selection Next state: Ready state
10 Rev. 0.1 2.4.1.8. Modulation Configuration Menu The user can set the modulation in this menu state. State Display: LED4 blinks Set the Configuration: Set one of the followings on the switches: Custom: SW1–SW4 are on High precision GFSK: SW1 is on, all others are off GFSK: SW2 is on, all others are off OOK: SW3 is on, all others are off If the wrong selection is set or the selected data rate number is not supported (e.g., no custom data rate is stored), the default data rate (high precision GFSK) will be selected. Options: PB4: Stores new settings Results: i. Blinks all LEDs once if selection is OK. ii. Blinks LED4 and beeps buzzer once if parameter had to be set to default because of an unsupported selection. Next state: Ready state 2.4.1.9. Restore Defaults Menu Default demo settings are restored. State display: All LEDs blink once Next state: Ready state 2.4.1.10. Error States In case of critical error the demo goes to error state. Power-on-reset can reset the demo from error state. LED4 is continuously on in error state. Critical errors: Frequency band of the HW mismatches with frequency band of the stored custom parameters. 2.5. How to Use the Range Test Demo Put battery into the two RFstick devices and switch them on. Both devices will start in ready state. Select the required demo settings or start the measurements with the default or the automatically reloaded settings. Switch one of the devices into RX and the other into TX state. Check if transmitter sends packets and receiver answers as well. The range test could be performed inside a building if indoor propagation is tested. However it is advised to perform the test outside the building, line-of-sight to get the best possible range result. If PER>1% reset the PER on the transmitter and try to walk further in the area. It is usual that propagation cond itions get better if the user goes further from a possibly shadowed area.
Rev. 0.1 11 3. Schematics Schematics of the RFstick boards of the kit can be seen on the following pages. Complete manufacturing file pack with CAD/CAM files and BOMs can be found at silabs.com.
12 Rev. 0.1
Rev. 0.1 13 NOTES:
14 Rev. 0.1 CONTACT INFORMATION Silicon Laboratories Inc.
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