HA0102E

HT46R14 HOLTEK | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

Features

Operating voltage: fSYS=4MHz: 2.2V~5.5V fSYS=8MHz: 3.3V~5.5V 20 bidirectional I/O lines Two interrupt input shared with an I/O line Two 8-bit programmable timer/event counter with overflow interrupt and 7-stage prescaler Two 8-bit programmable pulse generator (PPG) out- put channels, with prescaler and 8-bit programmable timer counter, and supports active low or active high output On-chip crystal and RC oscillator Watchdog Timer 409615 program memory 1928 data memory RAM Supports PFD for sound generation HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power consumption Up to 0.5s instruction cycle with 8MHz system clock at VDD=5V 8-level subroutine nesting 8 channels 9-bit resolution A/D converter Two comparators with interrupt function Bit manipulation instruction 15-bit table read instruction 63 powerful instructions All instructions in one or two machine cycles Low voltage reset function 28-pin SKDIP/SOP package Technical Document Tools Information FAQs Application Note HA0004E HT48 & HT46 MCU UART Software Implementation Method HA0005E Controlling the I2C bus with the HT48 & HT46 MCU Series HA0011E HT48 & HT46 Keyboard Scan Program HA0013E HT48 & HT46 LCM Interface Design HA0102E Using the HT46R14 in a CCFL Lamp Inverter

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Description

PA1~PA2 PA3/PFD PA4/TMR0 PA5/INT0 PA6/INT1 PA7/TMR1 I/O Pull-high Wake-up PA3 or PFD Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as wake-up in- put by options. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (determined by pull-high option: bit option). The PFD, INT0 and INT1 are pin-shared with PA3, PA5 and PA6. The TMR0 is pin-shared with PA4, TMR1 is pin shared with PA7, respectively. The PPG1 is a programmable pulse generator1 output pin, pin shared with PA0. The PPG1 or I/O function is selected via configuration option. The PPG1 output pin is floating during power-on reset, RES pin reset or LVR reset. The PPG1 output level (active low or active high) can be selected via configuration option. PB0/AN0~ PB7/AN7 I/O Pull-high Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (deter- mined by pull-high option: bit option) or A/D input. Once a PB line is selected as an A/D input (by using software control), the I/O function and pull-high resistor are disabled automatically. PC0/C0VIN- PC1/C0VIN+ PC2/C0OUT PC3/C1OUT C1VIN+ C1VIN- I/O Pull-high I/O or Comparator Bidirectional 4-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output, Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor (deter- mine by pull-high option: byte option). C0VIN+, C0VIN- and C0OUT are pin-shared with PC1, PC0 and PC2. Once the Comparator 0 function is used, the internal registers related to PC1, PC0 cannot be used, PC2 can be used as input only, the PC1, PC0 I/O function, PC2 output function and pull-high resistor are disabled automatically. Soft- ware instructions determine the Comparator 0 function to be used. C1VIN+ and C1VIN- are Comparator 1 input, C1OUT is pin-shared with PC3. Once the Comparator 1 function is used, the internal register related to PC3 can be used as input only, the PC3 output function and pull-high resistor are disabled automatically. Software instructions determine the Comparator 1 function to be used. PPG0 O This is a programmable pulse generator 0 output pin, the pin is floating during power-on reset, RES pin reset or LVR reset. The PPG0 output level (active low or active high) can be selected via configuration option OSC1 OSC2 I O Crystal or RC OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or a Crystal (determined by op- tions) for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output terminal for 1/4 system clock. RES I Schmitt trigger reset input. Active low. VDD Positive power supply VSS Negative power supply, ground Absolute Maximum Ratings Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliabil- ity. HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

D.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit VDD Conditions VDD Operating Voltage fSYS=4MHz 2.2 5.5 V fSYS=8MHz 3.3 5.5 V IDD1 Operating Current (Crystal OSC) No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable 0.6 1.5 mA mA IDD2 Operating Current (RC OSC) No load, fSYS=4MHz ADC disable 0.8 1.5 mA 2.5 mA IDD3 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) No load, fSYS=8MHz ADC disable mA ISTB1 Standby Current (WDT Enabled) No load, system HALT A A ISTB2 Standby Current (WDT Disabled) No load, system HALT A A VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0 and TMR1 0.3VDD V VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports, TMR0 and TMR1 0.7VDD VDD V VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES) 0.4VDD V VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES) 0.9VDD VDD V VLVR Low Voltage Reset 2.7 3.3 V IOL I/O Port Sink Current VOL=0.1VDD mA mA IOH I/O Port Source Current VOH=0.9VDD mA mA RPH Pull-high Resistance 100 k k VAD A/D Input Voltage VDD V EAD A/D Conversion Error 0.5 LSB IADC Additional Power Consumption if A/D Converter is Used 0.5 mA 1.5 mA VOS Comparator Input Offset Voltage mV VI Comparator Input Voltage Range 0.2 VDD0.8 V Ta=25C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

A.C. Characteristics Ta=25C Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit VDD Conditions fSYS System Clock 2.2V~5.5V 400 4000 kHz 3.3V~5.5V 400 8000 kHz fTIMER Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) 2.2V~5.5V 4000 kHz 3.3V~5.5V 8000 kHz tWDTOSC Watchdog Oscillator Period 180 s 130 s tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width s tSST System Start-up Timer Period Power-up or Wake-up from HALT 1024 *tSYS tINT Interrupt Pulse Width s tAD A/D Clock Period s tADC A/D Conversion Time tAD tADCS A/D Sampling Time tAD tCOMP Comparator Response Time s Note: *tSYS=1/fSYS HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Functional Description Execution Flow The system clock for the microcontroller is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while de- coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc- tion to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. Program Counter PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in program PROM are exe- cuted and its contents specify full range of program memory. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in- struction code, the contents of the program counter are in- cremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex- ecution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial re- set, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. % : 0 ; % : 8 ; % : 8 ; 8 ; ! " : . ! ; Execution Flow

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed with the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read- able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within 256 locations. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required. Program memory ROM The program memory is used to store the program in- structions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into 409615 bits, addressed by the program counter and ta- ble pointer. Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage: Location 000H Location 000H is reserved for program initialization. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000H. Location 004H Location 004H is reserved for the external interrupt 0 service program. If the INT0 input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the pro- gram begins execution at location 004H. Location 008H Location 008H is reserved for the external Interrupt 1 service program. If the INT1 input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the pro- gram begins execution at location 008H. Location 00CH Location 00CH is reserved for the Comparator 0 inter- rupt service program. If the Comparator 0 output pin is activated, and if the interrupt is enable and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 00CH. Location 010H Location 010H is reserved for the Timer/Event Coun- ter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt re- sults from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the pro- gram begins execution at location 010H. Location 014H Location 014H is reserved for the Timer/Event Coun- ter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt re- sults from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the pro- gram begins execution at location 014H. Location 018H Location 018H is reserved for the A/D converter inter- rupt service program. If an A/D converter interrupt re- sults from an end of A/D conversion, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the pro- gram begins execution at location 018H. Table location Any location in the PROM space can be used as look-up tables. The instructions TABRDC [m] (the current page, 1 page=256 words) and TABRDL [m] (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). Only the destination of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the other bits of the table word are transferred to the lower portion of TBLH, and the remaining 1 bit is read as 0. Mode Program Counter *11 *10 Initial Reset External Interrupt 0 External Interrupt 1 Comparator 0 interrupt Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow A/D Converter Interrupt Skip Program Counter+2 Loading PCL *11 *10 Jump, Call Branch #11 #10 Return from Subroutine S11 S10 Program Counter Note: *11~*0: Program counter bits S11~S0: Stack register bits #11~#0: Instruction code bits @7~@0: PCL bits

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The Table Higher-order byte register (TBLH) is read only. The table pointer (TBLP) is a read/write register (07H), which indicates the table location. Before ac- cessing the table, the location must be placed in TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and the ISR (Interrupt Service Rou- tine) both employ the table read instruction, the con- tents of the TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors can occur. In other words, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simulta- neously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be applied in both the main routine and the ISR, the interrupt is supposed to be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It will not be enabled until the TBLH has been backed up. All table related instructions require two cycles to complete the opera- tion. These areas may function as normal program memory depending upon the requirements. Stack Register STACK This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program counter only. The stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither read- able nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledgment, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the pro- gram counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledgment will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow al- lowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a CALL is sub- sequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent 8 return ad- dresses are stored). Data Memory RAM The data memory is designed with 2218 bits. The data memory is divided into two functional groups: spe- cial function registers and general purpose data mem- ory (1928). Most are read/write, but some are read only. The special function registers consist of an Indirect ad- dressing register 0 (00H), a Memory pointer register 0 (MP0;01H), an Indirect addressing register 1 (02H), a Memory pointer register 1 (MP1;03H), an Accumulator (ACC;05H), a Program counter lower-order byte regis- ter (PCL;06H), a Table pointer (TBLP;07H), a Table higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), a Status regis- ter (STATUS;0AH), an Interrupt control register 0 (INTC0;0BH), a Timer/Event Counter 0 (TMR0;0DH), a Timer/Event Counter 0 control register (TMR0C;0EH), a Timer/Event Counter 1 (TMR1:10H), a Timer/Event Counter 1 control register (TMR1C; 11H), Interrupt control register 1 (INTC1;1EH) , the A/D result lower-order byte register (ADRL;24H), the A/D result higher-order byte register (ADRH;25H), the A/D control register (ADCR;26H), the A/D clock setting register (ACSR;27H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H) and I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC; ? " & * ) 4 = < . * = < . = * = , 1 * = , 1 = , 1 = ) ) ) 7 ) ) 7 * * 7 * * 7 * * 7 * * / 7 * * - 7 * * * 7 * - 7 * / 7 Program Memory Instruction Table Location *11 *10 TABRDC [m] P11 P10 TABRDL [m] Table Location Note: *11~*0: Table location bits P11~P8: Current program counter bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 17H), the programmable pulse generator0 (PPG0) control register (PPG0C;20H), the programmable pulse generator timer register (PPGT0;21H), the pro- grammable pulse generator1 (PPG1) control register (PPG1C;22H), the programmable pulse generator timer register (PPGT1;23H). The remaining space before the 40H is reserved for fu- ture expanded usage and reading these locations will get 00H. The general purpose data memory, ad- dressed from 40H to FFH, is used for data and con- trol information under instruction commands. All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations di- rectly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by SET [m].i and CLR [m].i. They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer registers (MP0;01H/MP1;03H). Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write op- eration of [00H] and [02H] accesses the RAM pointed to by MP0(01H) and MP1(03H) respectively. Reading lo- cation 00H or 02H indirectly returns the result 00H. While, writing it indirectly leads to no operation. The function of data movement between two indirect ad- dressing registers is not supported. The memory pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are both 8-bit registers used to access the RAM by combining corresponding indirect addressing registers. Accumulator The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It is also mapped to location 05H of the data memory and can carry out immediate data operations. The data movement between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Arithmetic and Logic Unit ALU This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions: Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ) The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register. Status Register STATUS This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addi- tion operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT * * 7 * 7 * 7 * 3 7 * - 7 * 4 7 * 5 7 * 6 7 * / 7 * 9 7 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 7 * ) 7 * 7 3 7 - 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 / 7 9 7 ) 7 " # # " A * * A ' . : 9 ! " ; ) ) 7 - * 7 * 7 3 7 - 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 / 7 3 ) 7 # # " " " * # # " " $ 7 ' * ' * RAM Mapping

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 time-out or executing the CLR WDT or HALT in- struction. The PDF flag can be affected only by exe- cuting the HALT or CLR WDT instruction or a system power-up. The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or exe- cuting the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can cor- rupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. Interrupt The devices provides two external interrupts, two inter- nal timer/event counter 0/1 interrupts, one comparator interrupt, and A/D converter interrupt. The interrupt con- trol register 0 (INTC0;0BH) and interrupt control register 1 (INTC1;1EH) both contain the interrupt control bits that are used to set the enable/disable status and inter- rupt request flags. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, other inter- rupts are all blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may take place during this interval, but only the interrupt request flag will be recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of the INTC0 or of INTC1 may be set in order to allow interrupt nesting. Once the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is en- abled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack should be prevented from becom- ing full. All these interrupts can support a wake-up function. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the contents of the program counter onto the stack followed by a branch to a subroutine at the speci- fied location in the ROM. Only the contents of the pro- gram counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or of the status register (STATUS) is altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the de- sired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transi- tion of INT0 or INT1, and the related interrupt request flag (EI0F;bit 4 of the INTC0, EI1F;bit 5 of the INTC0) is set as well. After the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full, and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H or 08H occurs. The interrupt request flag (EI0F or EI1F) and EMI bits are all cleared to disable other interrupts. The Comparator 0 output Interrupt is initialized by set- ting the Comparator 0 output Interrupt request flag (C0F; bit 6 of the INTC0), which is caused by a falling edge transition of comparator 0 output. After the inter- rupt is enabled, and the stack is not full, and the C0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH occurs. The re- lated interrupt request flag (C0F) is reset, and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further maskable interrupts. The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initial- ized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt re- quest flag (T0F;bit 4 of the INTC1), which is normally caused by a timer overflow. After the interrupt is en- abled, and the stack is not full, and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 010H occurs. The related in- terrupt request flag (T0F) is reset, and the EMI bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. The Timer/Event Counter 1 is operated in the same manner, The Timer/Event Counter 1 related interrupt request flag is T1F (bit 5 of the INTC1) and its subroutine call location is 014H. The related interrupt request flag (T1F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further inter- rupts. Bit No. Label Function C C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation, otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. AC AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction, otherwise AC is cleared. Z Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero, otherwise Z is cleared. OV OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the high- est-order bit, or vice versa, otherwise OV is cleared. PDF PDF is cleared by system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction. PDF is set by exe- cuting the HALT instruction. TO TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the CLR WDT or HALT instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. 6, 7 Unused bit, read as 0 Status (0AH) Register

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The A/D converter interrupt is initialized by setting the A/D converter request flag (ADF; bit 6 of the INTC1), is caused by an end of A/D conversion. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the ADF is set, a sub- routine call to location 018H will occur. The related inter- rupt request flag (ADF) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. After the interrupt is enabled, and a subroutine call to location 018H occurs. During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other in- terrupt acknowledgments are all held until the RETI in- struction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set both to 1 (if the stack is not full). To return from the interrupt subroutine, RET or RETI may be invoked. RETI sets the EMI bit and en- ables an interrupt service, but RET does not. Interrupts occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses are serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests, the priorities in the following table apply. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Interrupt Source Priority Vector External interrupt 0 04H External interrupt 1 08H Comparator 0 output interrupt 0CH Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow 10H Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow 14H A/D converter interrupt 18H The Comparator 0 interrupt request flag (C0F), external interrupt 1 request flag (EI1F), External Interrupt 0 re- quest flag (EI0F), Enable Comparator 0 output interrupt bit (EC0I), Enable External interrupt 1 bit (EEI1), Enable External Interrupt 0 bit (EEI0), and enable master inter- rupt bit (EMI) make up of the Interrupt Control register 0 (INTC0) which is located at 0BH in the RAM. Bit No. Label Function EMI Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) EEI0 Controls the external interrupt 0 (1=enable; 0=disable) EEI1 Controls the external interrupt 1 (1=enable; 0=disable) EC0I Control the Comparator 0 interrupt (1= enable; 0= disable) EI0F External interrupt 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) EI1F External interrupt 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) C0F The Comparator 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) For test mode used only. Must be written as 0; otherwise may result in unpredictable operation. INTC0 (0BH) Register Bit No. Label Function ET0I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) ET1I Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) EADI Controls the A/D converter interrupt (1=enable; 0=disable) Unused bit, read as 0 T0F Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) T1F Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) ADF The A/D converter request flag (1=active; 0=inactive) Unused bit, read as 0 INTC1 (1EH) Register

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 & " , ! " , - " . & " 0 " & " , & " , & " , & " , Watchdog Timer The A/D converter request flag (ADF), the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt request flag (T1F), the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag (T0F), enable A/D con- verter interrupt bit (EADI), enable Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt bit (ET1I), and enable Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt bit (ET0I), constitute the Interrupt Control regis- ter 1 (INTC1) which is located at 1EH in the RAM. EMI, EEI0, EEI1, EC0I, ET0I, ET1I, and EADI are all used to control the enable/disable status of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (EI0F, EI1F, C0F, T0F, T1F, ADF) are all set, they remain in the INTC1 or INTC0 respectively until the interrupts are ser- viced or cleared by a software instruction. It is recommended that a program does not use the CALL subroutine within the interrupt subroutine. Inter- rupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well con- trolled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the CALL operates in the interrupt subroutine. Oscillator Configuration There are two oscillator circuits in the microcontroller. Both are designed for system clocks, namely the RC os- cillator and the Crystal oscillator, which are determined by options. No matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and ignores an external sig- nal to conserve power. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required and the resistance must range from 24k to 1M. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to synchro- nize external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of oscil- lation may vary with VDD, temperatures and the chip it- self due to process variations. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accu- rate oscillator frequency is desired. If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and no other external components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resona- tor can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required (If the oscillating fre- quency is less than 1MHz). The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscilla- tor, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works within a period of approximately 65s@5V. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by options to conserve power. Watchdog Timer WDT The clock source of the WDT is implemented by a dedi- cated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (system clock divided by 4) determined by options. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown location with unpre- dictable results. The watchdog timer can be disabled by option. If the watchdog timer is disabled, all the execu- tions related to the WDT result in no operation. Once an internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a pe- riod of 65s/@5V normally) is selected, it is divided by 213, 214 , 215 or 216 (by options) to get the WDT time-out period. The minimum WDT time-out period is about 600ms. This time-out period may vary with temperature, VDD and process variations. By selection the WDT op- tions, longer time-out periods can be realized. If the WDT time-out is selected to fS/216, the maximum time-out period is about 4.7s. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operate in the same manner except that in the Halt state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recom- mended, since the HALT will stop the system clock. ! " . " . . . . & + , - System Oscillator

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize a chip reset and set the status bit TO. Whereas in the Halt mode, the overflow will initialize a warm reset in which only the program counter and stack pointer are reset to zero. To clear the contents of the WDT, three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software in- structions, or a HALT instruction. The software instructions include CLR WDT and the other set CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the mask option CLR WDT times selection option. If the CLR WDT is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution of the CLR WDT instruction will clear the WDT. In case CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip because of time-out. If the WDT time-out period is selected fs/212 (by options), the WDT time-out period ranges from fs/212~fs/213, since the CLR WDT or CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 in- structions only clear the last two stages of the WDT. Power Down Operation HALT The HALT mode is initialized by the HALT instruction and results in the following: The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT oscillator keeps running (if the WDT oscillator is se- lected). The contents of the on chip RAM and registers remain unchanged. WDT will be cleared and recounted again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT oscillator). All of the I/O ports maintain their original status. The PD flag is set and the TO flag is cleared. The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge sig- nal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow per- forms a warm reset. After the TO and PD flags are ex- amined, the reason for chip reset can be determined. The PD flag is cleared by system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction and is set when executing the HALT instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and stack pointer; the others keep their original status. The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be con- sidered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by the mask option. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it awakens from an interrupt, two se- quences may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the inter- rupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular inter- rupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to 1 before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledgment, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next in- struction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status. Reset There are three ways in which a reset can occur: RES reset during normal operation RES reset during HALT WDT time-out reset during normal operation The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a warm re - set that resets only the program counter and SP, leav- ing the other circuits in their original state. Some regis- ters remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the initial condition when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different chip resets. TO PDF RESET Conditions RES reset during power-up u u RES reset during normal operation RES wake-up HALT u WDT time-out during normal operation WDT wake-up HALT Note: u means unchanged To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the sys- tem reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the HALT state. When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will en- able the SST delay. The functional unit chip reset status are shown below.

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 An extra option load time delay is added during system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). Program Counter 000H Interrupt Disable Prescaler, Divider Cleared WDT Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Timer/Event Counter Off PPG Timer Off PPG output Floating Input/Output Ports Input mode Stack Pointer Points to the top of the stack The registers states are summarized in the following table. Register Reset (Power On) WDT Time-out (Normal Operation) RES Reset (Normal Operation) RES Reset (HALT) WDT Time-out (HALT)* MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu Program Counter 000H 000H 000H 000H 000H TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu INTC0 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu TMR0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR0C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u uuuu TMR1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu TMR1C 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- 00-0 1--- uu-u u--- PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu PC ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu PCC ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- 1111 ---- uuuu INTC1 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -000 -uuu -uuu PPG0C 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu PPGT0 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu PPG1C 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u PPGT1 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu ADRL x--- ---- x--- ---- x--- ---- x--- ---- u--- ---- ADRH xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu ADCR 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 0100 0000 uuuu uuuu ACSR ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --00 ---- --uu Note: * stands for warm reset u stands for unchanged x stands for unknown

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Timer/Event Counter Two timer/event counters (TMR0, TMR1) are implemented in the microcontroller. The Timer/Event counter 0 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or an internal clock source. An internal clock source comes from fSYS. The Timer/Event Counter 1 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up coun- ter and the clock may come from an external source or an internal clock source. An internal clock source comes from system clock/4. The external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time intervals or pulse widths, or to generate an accurate time base. Using the internal system clock, the timer/event counter is only one reference time-base. The internal clock source comes from external events, measure time intervals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. Using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. There are four registers related to the Timer/Event Coun- ter 0; TMR0 (0DH), TMR0C (0EH), the Timer/Event Coun- ter 1; TMR1(10H), TMR1C (11H). Writing TMR0/TMR1 makes the starting value be placed in the timer/event counter 0/1 preload register and reading TMR0/1 get the contents of the timer/event counter 0/1. The TMR0C and TMR1C are Timer/Event Counter control register 0/1, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or dis- able and an active edge. The T0M0/T1M0 and T0M1/T1M1 bits define the opera- tion mode. The event count mode is used to count exter- nal events, which means that the clock source is from an external (TMR0, TMR1) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the inter- nal selected clock source. Finally, the pulse width mea- surement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR0, TMR1), and the counting is based on the internal selected clock source. In the event count or timer mode, the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 starts counting at the current contents in the timer/event counter and ends at FFH. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event coun- ter preload register, and generates an interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 4 of the INTC1, T1F; bit 5 of the INTC1). In the pulse width measurement mode with the values of the T0ON/T1ON and T0E/T1E bits equal to 1, after the TMR0/TMR1 has received a transient from low to high (or high to low if the T0E/T1E bit is 0), it will start counting until the TMR0/TMR1 returns to the original level and re- sets the T0ON/T1ON. The measured result remains in the timer/event counter even if the activated transient occurs again. In other words, only 1-cycle measurement can be made until the T0ON/T1ON is set. The cycle measurement will re-function as long as it receives further transient pulse. In this operation mode, the timer/event counter begins counting not according to the logic level but to the tran- sient edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter is reloaded from the timer/event counter register and is- sues an interrupt request, as in the other two modes, i.e., event and timer modes. To enable the counting operation, the Timer ON bit (T0ON; bit 4 of the TMR0C or T1ON; bit 4 of the TMR1C) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON/T1ON is automatically cleared after the measurement cycle is completed. But in the other two modes, the T0ON/T1ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 is one of the wake-up sources and the Timer/Event Counter 0/1 can also be applied to a PFD (Programmable Frequency Di- vider) output at PA3 by options. Only one PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) can be applied to PA3 by options. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET0I or ET1I dis- ables the related interrupt service. When the PFD function is selected, executing SET [PA].3 instruction to enable the PFD output and executing CLR [PA].3 instruction to disable the PFD output. Reset Timing Chart * * * B ) C * B * ) C Reset Circuit Note: * Make the length of the wiring, which is con- nected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. 7 $ . # ! " * 0 = Reset Configuration

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 In the case of timer/event counter OFF condition, writing data to the timer/event counter preload register also re- loads that data to the timer/event counter. But if the timer/event counter is turn on, data written to the timer/event counter is kept only in the timer/event coun- ter preload register. The timer/event counter still contin- ues its operation until an overflow occurs. When the timer/event counter (reading TMR0/TMR1) is read, the clock is blocked to avoid errors, as this may results in a counting error. Blocking of the clock should be taken into account by the programmer. It is strongly recommended to load a desired value into the TMR0/TMR1 register first, before turning on the re- lated timer/event counter, for proper operation since the initial value of TMR0/TMR1 is unknown. Due to the timer/event scheme, the programmer should pay spe- cial attention on the instruction to enable then disable the timer for the first time, whenever there is a need to use the timer/event function, to avoid unpredictable re- sult. After this procedure, the timer/event function can be operated normally. The bit0~bit2 of the TMR0C can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of timer/event counter. The definitions are as shown. The overflow signal of timer/event counter can be used to generate the PFD signal. . " ( # % # . = " . # 1 & . > ) * / 0 = , 1 . # / 0 = , 1 * ; / 0 " / 0 2 * : , 2 , / ; & + Timer/Event Counter 0 . " ( # % # . = " . # 1 & . > / 0 = , 1 . # / 0 = , 1 & + , - Timer/Event Counter 1 3 $ ) * D PFD Source Option

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Bit No. Label Function T0PSC0 T0PSC1 T0PSC2 Define the prescaler stages, T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS 001: fINT=fSYS/2 010: fINT=fSYS/4 011: fINT=fSYS/8 100: fINT=fSYS/16 101: fINT=fSYS/32 110: fINT=fSYS/64 111: fINT=fSYS/128 T0E Defines the TMR0 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T0M1,T0M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge T0ON Enable/disable the timer counting (0=disable; 1=enable) Unused bit, read as 0 T0M0 T0M1 Define the operating mode (T0M1, T0M0) 01=Event count mode (External clock) 10=Timer mode (Internal clock) 11=Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock) 00=Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register Bit No. Label Function 0~2 Unused bit, read as 0 T1E Defines the TMR1 active edge of the timer/event counter: In Event Counter Mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(0,1): 1:count on falling edge; 0:count on rising edge In Pulse Width measurement mode (T1M1,T1M0)=(1,1): 1: start counting on the rising edge, stop on the falling edge; 0: start counting on the falling edge, stop on the rising edge T1ON Enable/disable timer counting (0= disable; 1= enable) Unused bit, read as 0 T1M0 T1M1 Define the operating mode (T1M1, T1M0) 01= Event count mode (External clock) 10= Timer mode (Internal clock) 11= Pulse Width measurement mode (External clock) 00= Unused TMR1C (11H) Register

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Programmable Pulse Generator PPG This device provides two 8-bit PPG output channels. Each PPG has a programmable period of 256T, where T can be 1/fSYS, 2/fSYS, 4/fSYS, 8/fSYS, 16/fSYS, 32/fSYS, 64/fSYS, 128/fSYS for an output pulse width. The PPG detects the falling edge of a trigger input, and outputs a single pulse, the falling edge trigger may come from comparator, INT0, INT1 or software trigger bit, which can be selected by software. The PPG is capable of gen- erating signals from 0.25s to 8.192ms pulse width when the system frequency is operating at 4MHz. The PPG can set the polarity control bit (PxLEV) as active low or active high output (by mask option). A 00H data write to the PPGTx register yields a pulse width 256T output. PPG functional description The PPG module consists of PPG timers, a PPG Mode Control, two comparators. The PPG timer consists of a prescaler, one 8-bit up-counter timer, and an 8-bit preload data register. The programmable pulse genera- tor (PPG) starts counting at the current contents in the preload register and ends at FFH 00H. Once an overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the PPG timer counter preload register, and generates a signal to stop the PPG timer. The software trigger bit (PxST) will be cleared when the PPG timer overflow occurs. There are four registers related to the PPG output func- tion, two control registers PPG0C and PPG1C and two timer preload register PPGT0 and PPGT1. Two control registers PPG0C and PPG1C define the PPG0 and PPG1 input control mode (trigger source), enable or dis- able the comparators, define the PPG0 or PPG1 timer prescaler rate, range form fSYS/1, fSYS/2, fSYS/4, fSYS/8, fSYS/16, fSYS/32, fSYS/64, fSYS/128, enable or disable stop- ping the PPG0/PPG1 timer using PISP/INT0 triggered input, enable or disable the restarting of the PPG0/PPG1 timer using C1VO/PIRS triggered input, and control the PPG0/PPG1 software trigger bit to trig- ger the PPG0/PPG1 timer On or Off. The PPGT0 is the PPG0 preload register and PPGT1 is PPG1 preload register, these two register contents decide the output pulse width. The PPG1 output is pin-shared with the PA0, the func- tion is selected via configuration option. If not selected, the pin can operate as a normal I/O pin, if the pin is se- lected as a PPG1 output pin, the I/O function is disabled automatically. & + 3 , , * . # . # & & , & & & " , * 8 * , * 0 $ : = " 1 & . > . # ' * ' * . # ' * & & ' * ' * , & & * & " * $ : = " 1 & . > & " * & " PPG Block Diagram

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 PPG0C control register Bit No. PPG0C (20H) P0ST P0RSEN P0SPEN P0PSC2 P0PSC1 P0PSC0 CMP1EN CMP0EN POR value CMP0EN: Enables or disables the Comparator 0 (0=disable, 1=enable) CMP1EN: Enables or disables the Comparator 1 (0=disable, 1=enable) P0PSC2, P0PSC1, P0PSC0: These three bits select the PPG0 timer prescaler rate. P0SPEN: Enables or disables the stopping of the PPG0 timer using PISP trigger input (0=disable, 1=enable) P0RSEN: Enables or disables the restarting of the PPG0 timer using C1VO trigger input. (0=disable, 1=enable) P0ST: PPG0 software trigger bit. (0=Stop PPG0, 1=Restart PPG0) The CMP0EN and CMP1EN bits are used as the enable or disable bits, if the CMP0EN is cleared to 0, the Comparator 0 is disabled, the PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+, PC2/C0OUT are all GPIO pins, if the CMP0EN is set to 1, the Comparator 0 is enabled, the PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+ are Comparator 0 input pins, PC2/C0OUT is a Comparator 0 output pin, PC2 output and Pull-high resistor are disabled, PC2 can still be used as input pin, the status of C0VO can be read by reading the PC2 register. If the CMP1EN is cleared to 0, the Comparator 1 is disabled, the PC3/C1OUT is a GPIO pin, If the CMP1EN is set to 1, the Comparator 1 is enabled, PC3/C1OUT is a Comparator 1 output pin, PC3 output and PC3 Pull-high resistor are disabled, PC3 can still be used as input pin, the status of C1VO can be read by reading the PC3 register. PPG0C: CMP0EN, CMP1EN comparators enable/disable bits CMP0EN Disable the Comparator 0. PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+, PC2/C0OUT are all GPIO pins. Enable the Comparator 0, the PC0/C0VIN-, PC1/C0VIN+ are Comparator 0 input pins, PC2/C0OUT is a Comparator 0 output pin, PC2 output disable, PC2 Pull-high resister disable. CMP1EN Disable the Comparator 1. PC3/C1OUT is a PGIO pin. Enable the Comparator 1. PC3/C1OUT is a Comparator 1 output pin, PC3 output disable, PC3 Pull-high resistor disable. The bits 4~2 of the PPG0 control register (PPG0C) can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the PPG0 timer counter clock. PPG0C: PPG0 timer prescaler rate bits P0PSC2 P0PSC1 P0PSC0 Define the prescaler stages P0fS=fSYS P0fS=fSYS/2 P0fS=fSYS/4 P0fS=fSYS/8 P0fS=fSYS/16 P0fS=fSYS/32 P0fS=fSYS/64 P0fS=fSYS/128

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The P0SPEN is the PPG0 stopping enable or disable bit using PISP trigger input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG0 stop- ping input can be triggered by PISP falling edge. The PISP signal may come from C0VO, PC2 or INT1, determined by PIE (bit0 of PPG1C). The P0RSEN is the PPG0 restarting enable or disable bit using C1VO triggered input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG0 timer restarting input can be triggered by C1VO or PC3 falling edge. User can read the status of C0VO or C1VO by setting the PC2 or PC3 to be an input pin when Comparator 0 or Comparator 1 is enabled. P0SPEN Disable stopping the PPG0 timer using C0VO trigger input. PPG0 module output can be stopped by software control (P0ST) only. Enable stopping the PPG0 timer using PISP trigger input. PPG0 module output can be stopped by PISP (C0VO or INT1) falling edge trigger or software control (P0ST bit is cleared to 0). P0RSEN Disable restarting the PPG0 timer using C1VO trigger input. PPG0 module output can be restarted by software control (P0ST) only. Enable restarting the PPG0 timer using C1VO trigger input. PPG0 module output can be restarted by C1VO falling edge trigger or software control (P0ST is set to 1) The P0ST is a software trigger bit, if this bit is set to 1, the PPG0 timer will start counting and this bit will be cleared when the PPG0 timer overflow occurs or the PPG0 timer stop counting, if this bit is cleared to 0, the PPG0 timer will stop counting, when the PPG0 timer is counting and if a falling edge is generated from C1VO, PC3 or a software con- trol bit (P0ST) is set, the PPG0 timer counter is not affected, the trigger from C1V0, PC3 or P0ST is not useful. The P0ST can also be used as a status bit of the PPG0 timer output. PPG1C control register Bit No. PPG1C (22H) P1ST P1RSEN P1SPEN P1PSC2 P1PSC1 P1PSC0 PIE POR value PIE: PPG input exchange bit (0=disable, 1=enable). : Undefined, cannot be used P1PSC2, P1PSC1, P1PSC0: These three bits select the PPG1 timer prescaler rate. P1SPEN: Enables or disables stopping the PPG1 timer using INT0 trigger input. (0=disable, 1=enable) P1RSEN: Enables or disables restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input. (0=disable, 1=enable) P1ST: PPG1 software trigger bit. (0=Stop PPG1, 1=Restart PPG1) The PIE bit is used as C0VO and INT1 exchange bit. When PIE bit is reset to 0, the PISP signal comes from INT1 and the PIRS signal comes from C0VO. When PIE bit is set to 1, the PISP signal comes from C0VO and the PIRS signal comes from INT1. The P1SPEN and P1RSEN should be disabled before setting the PIE bit. PPG1C PIE; C0VO and INT1 exchange bit PIE PISP signal comes from INT1 and the PIRS signal comes form C0VO PISP signal comes from C0VO and the PIRS signal comes from INT1.

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The bits 4~2 of the PPG1 control register (PPG1C) can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the PPG1 timer counter clock. PPG1C: PPG1 timer prescaler rate bits P1PSC2 P1PSC1 P1PSC0 To define the prescaler stages P1fS=fSYS P1fS=fSYS/2 P1fS=fSYS/4 P1fS=fSYS/8 P1fS=fSYS/16 P1fS=fSYS/32 P1fS=fSYS/64 P1fS=fSYS/128 The P1SPEN is the PPG1 timer Off enable or disable bit using INT0 trigger input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG1 stop- ping input can be triggered by INT0 falling edge. The P1RSEN is the PPG1 restarting enable or disable bit using trig- ger input, if this bit is enabled, the PPG1 timer restarting input can be triggered by PIRS falling edge. The PIRS signal may come from C0VO, PC2 or INT1, determined by PIE (bit0 of the PPG1C). User can read the status of C0VO or C1VO by setting the PC2 or PC3 as an input pin when Comparator 0 or Comparator 1 is enabled. P1SPEN Disable stopping the PPG1 timer using INT0 trigger input. PPG1 module output can be stopped by software control (P1ST) only. Enable stopping the PPG0 timer using INT0 trigger input. PPG0 module output can be stopped by INT0 falling edge trigger or software control (P1ST bit is cleared to 0). P1RSEN Disable restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input. PPG1 module output can be restarted by software control (P1ST) only Enable restarting the PPG1 timer using PIRS trigger input. PPG1 module output can be restarted by PIRS (C0VO or INT1) falling edge trigger or software control (P1ST is set to 1) The P1ST is a software trigger bit, if this bit is set to 1, the PPG1 timer will start counting and this bit will be cleared when the PPG1 timer overflow occurs or PPG1 timer stop counting, if this bit is cleared to 0, the PPG1 timer will stop counting, when the PPG timer is counting and if a falling edge is generated from PIRS or a software control bit (P1ST) is set, the PPG1 timer counter is not affected, the trigger from PIRS or P1ST is not useful. The P1ST can also be used as a status bit of PPG1 timer output.

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Input/Output Ports There are 20 bidirectional input/output lines in the microcontroller, labeled as PA, PB, PC, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H] and [16H] respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used for input and output op- erations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction MOV A,[m] (m=12H, 14H or 16H). For output operation, all the data is latched and re- mains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without pull-high resistor structures can be reconfig- ured dynamically under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register must write 1. The input source also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is 1, the input will read the pad state. If the control register bit is 0, the contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The latter is possible in the read-modify-write instruction. For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H and 17H. After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high levels or floating state (depending on pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by SET [m].i and CLR [m].i (m=12H, 14H or 16H) instructions. Some instructions first input data and then follow the out- put operations. For example, SET [m].i, CLR [m].i, CPL [m], CPLA [m] read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumula- tor. Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the de- vice. Each I/O port has a pull-high option. Once the pull-high option is selected, the I/O port has a pull-high re- sistor, otherwise, there s none. Take note that a non-pull-high I/O port operating in input mode will cause a floating state. The PA0, PA3, PA4, PA5, PA6 and PA7 are pin-shared with PPG1, PFD, TMR0, INT0, INT1 and TMR1 pins re- spectively. And the PC0, PC1, PC2 and PC3 are pin-shared with C0VIN1-, C0VIN+, C0OUT, C1OUT. The PA3 is pin-shared with the PFD signal. If the PFD op- tion is selected, the output signal in output mode of PA3 will be the PFD signal generated by the timer/event coun- ter overflow signal. The input mode always remain in its original functions. Once the PFD option is selected, the PFD output signal is controlled by PA3 data register only. Writing a 1 to PA3 data register will enable the PFD out- put function and writing 0 will force the PA3 to remain at ) ; * 2 * & 4 . ! 5 . ! * & - . ! 6 . ! ! " 0 : . ! ; D E D E D # . * , F 3 , - , 4 , * 5 , 6 , * , * 2 6 , 6 * , 0 , 8 3 , D * ; ' ; Input/Output Ports

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The I/O functions of PA3 are shown below. I/O Mode I/P (Normal) O/P (Normal) I/P (PFD) O/P (PFD) PA3 Logical Input Logical Output Logical Input PFD (Timer on) Note: The PFD frequency is the timer/event counter overflowfrequencydividedby2. It is recommended that unused or not bonded out I/O lines should be set as output pins by software instruction to avoid consuming power under input floating state. The PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) output shares pin with PA3, as determined by options. When the PFD (PFD0 or PFD1) option is selected, setting PA3 1 (SET PA.3) will enable the PFD output and setting PA3 0 (CLR PA.3) will disable the PFD output and PA3 output at low level. The definitions of PFD control signal and PFD output frequency are listed in the following table. Timer Timer Preload Value PA3 Data Register PA3 Pad State PFD Frequency OFF X X OFF X U X ON N X ON N PFD fTMR/[2(M-N)] Note: X stands for unused U stands for unknown M is 256 for PFD N is preload value for timer/event counter fTMR is input clock frequency for timer/event counter A/D Converter The 8 channels and 9-bit resolution A/D (8-bit accuracy) converter are implemented in this microcontroller. The reference voltage is VDD. The A/D converter contains four special registers which are; ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H), ADCR (26H) and ACSR (27H). The ADRH and ADRL are A/D result register higher-order byte and lower-order byte and are read-only. After the A/D con- version is completed, the ADRH and ADRL should be read to get the conversion result data. The ADCR is an A/D converter control register, which defines the A/D channel number, analog channel select, start A/D con- version control bit and the end of A/D conversion flag. If the users want to start an A/D conversion. Define PB configuration, select the converted analog channel, and give START bit a raising edge and falling edge 0). At the end of A/D conversion, the EOCB bit is cleared and an A/D converter interrupt occurs (if the A/D converter interrupt is enabled). The ACSR is A/D clock setting register, which is used to select the A/D clock source. The A/D converter control register is used to control the A/D converter. The bit2~bit0 of the ADCR are used to select an analog input channel. There s a total of eight channels to select. The bit5~bit3 of the ADCR are used to set the PB configurations. PB can be an analog input or as digital I/O line determined by these 3 bits. Once a PB line is selected as an analog input, the I/O functions and pull-high resistor of this I/O line are disabled and the A/D converter circuit is powered on. The EOCB bit (bit6 of the ADCR) is end of A/D conversion flag. Check this bit to know when A/D conversion is completed. The START bit of the ADCR is used to begin the conversion of the A/D converter. Giving START bit a rising edge and falling edge means that the A/D conversion has started. In order to ensure the A/D conversion is completed, the START should remain at 0 until the EOCB is cleared to 0 (end of A/D conversion). Bit 7 of the ACSR register is used for test purposes only and must not be used for other purposes by the applica- tion program. Bit1 and bit0 of the ACSR register are used to select the A/D clock source. When the A/D conversion has completed, the A/D inter- rupt request flag will be set. The EOCB bit is set to 1 when the START bit is set from 0 to 1. Important Note for A/D initialization: Special care must be taken to initialize the A/D con- verter each time the Port B A/D channel selection bits are modified, otherwise the EOCB flag may be in an un- defined condition. An A/D initialization is implemented by setting the START bit high and then clearing it to zero within 10 instruction cycles of the Port B channel selec- tion bits being modified. Note that if the Port B channel selection bits are all cleared to zero then an A/D initial- ization is not required.

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Bit No. Label Function ADCS0 ADCS1 Selects the A/D converter clock source 00=system clock/2 01=system clock/8 10=system clock/32 11=undefined 2~6 Unused bit, read as 0 TEST For test mode used only ACSR (27H) Register Bit No. Label Function ACS0 ACS1 ACS2 ACS2, ACS1, ACS0: Select A/D channel 0, 0, 0: AN0 0, 0, 1: AN1 0, 1, 0: AN2 0, 1, 1: AN3 1, 0, 0: AN4 1, 0, 1: AN5 1, 1, 0: AN6 1, 1, 1: AN7 PCR0 PCR1 PCR2 Defines the port B configuration select. If PCR0, PCR1 and PCR2 are all zero, the ADC circuit is powered off to reduce power consumption EOCB Indicates end of A/D conversion. (0 = end of A/D conversion) Each time bits 3~5 change state the A/D should be initialized by issuing a START signal, other- wise the EOCB flag may have an undefined condition. See Important note for A/D initialization. START Starts the A/D conversion. (0 0= start; 0 1= Reset A/D converter and set EOCB to 1) ADCR (26H) Register Register Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 ADRL (24H) ADRH (25H) Note: D0~D8 is A/D conversion result data bit LSB~MSB. ADRL (24H), ADRH (25H) Register PCR2 PCR1 PCR0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 PB0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 PB1 AN0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 PB2 AN1 AN0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 AN2 AN1 AN0 PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 PB7 PB6 PB5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 PB7 PB6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 AN7 AN6 AN5 AN4 AN3 AN2 AN1 AN0 Port B Configuration

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 The following two programming examples illustrate how to setup and implement an A/D conversion. In the first exam- ple, the method of polling the EOCB bit in the ADCR register is used to detect when the conversion cycle is complete, whereas in the second example, the A/D interrupt is used to determine when the conversion is complete. Example: using EOCB Polling Method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D Polling_EOC: sz EOCB ; poll the ADCR register EOCB bit to detect end of A/D conversion jmp polling_EOC ; continue polling mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined memory jmp start_conversion ; start next A/D conversion Example: using interrupt method to detect end of conversion clr EADI ; disable ADC interrupt mov a,00000001B mov ACSR,a ; setup the ACSR register to select fSYS/8 as the A/D clock mov a,00100000B ; setup ADCR register to configure Port PB0~PB3 as A/D inputs mov ADCR,a ; and select AN0 to be connected to the A/D converter ; As the Port B channel bits have changed the following START ; signal (0-1-0) must be issued within 10 instruction cycles Start_conversion: clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D clr ADF ; clear ADC interrupt request flag set EADI ; enable ADC interrupt set EMI ; enable global interrupt ; ADC interrupt service routine ADC_ISR: mov acc_stack,a ; save ACC to user defined memory mov a,STATUS mov status_stack,a ; save STATUS to user defined memory mov a,ADRH ; read conversion result high byte value from the ADRH register mov adrh_buffer,a ; save result to user defined register mov a,ADRL ; read conversion result low byte value from the ADRL register mov adrl_buffer,a ; save result to user defined register clr START set START ; reset A/D clr START ; start A/D EXIT_INT_ISR: mov a,status_stack mov STATUS,a ; restore STATUS from user defined memory mov a,acc_stack ; restore ACC from user defined memory reti

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

4 B 4

• B 9 C C Low Voltage Reset Note: *1: To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2: Since low voltage state has to be maintained in its original state for over 1ms, therefore after 1ms delay, the device enters the reset mode. Low Voltage Reset LVR The microcontroller provides a low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will au- tomatically reset the device internally. The LVR includes the following specifications: The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to remain in their original state to exceed 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function. The LVR uses the OR function with the external RES signal to perform chip reset. The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below. Note: VOPR is the voltage range for proper chip operation at 4MHz system clock.

3 B *

B * B 9 1 " 1 " 1 " * * * * * * * * * * > 0 # & , 1 " ? & ? . % . G 3 G 6 5 & , 1 " " , , " * * * * * & , 1 " " , * * * B " " , " B , * * & , 1 " " , # H # & , 1 " # & , 1 " . # # F . " . . > # , " , " A/D Conversion Timing

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Options The following table shows all kinds of options in the microcontroller. All of the options must be defined to ensure having a proper functioning system. Options OSC type selection. This option is to determine whether an RC or crystal oscillator is chosen as system clock. WDT clock source selection. WDT oscillator or fsys/4. WDT enable/disable selection. WDT can be enabled or disabled by option. WDT time-out period selection. There are four types of selection: fS/213, fS/214, fS/215 and fS/216 CLRWDT times selection. This option defines how to clear the WDT by instruction. One time means that the CLR WDT instruction can clear the WDT. Two times means only if both of the CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions have been executed, then WDT can be cleared. Wake-up selection. This option defines the wake-up function activity. External I/O pins (PA only) all have the capabil- ity to wake-up the chip from a HALT. Pull-high selection. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PA0~PA7, can be independently selected. Pull-high selection. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PB0~PB7, can be independently selected. This option is to determine whether a pull-high resistance is viable or not in the input mode of the I/O ports. PC0~PC3 byte option. I/O pins share with other function selections. PA0/PPG1: PA0 can be set as I/O pins or PPG1 output. I/O pins share with other function selections. PA3/PFD: PA3 can be set as I/O pins or PFD output. PFD selection: If PA3 is set as PFD output, there are two types of selections; One is PFD0 as the PFD output, the other is PFD1 as the PFD output. PFD0, PFD1 are generated by the timer overflow signals of the Timer/Event Counter 0, Timer/Event Counter 1 respectively. Low voltage reset selection. Enable or disable the LVR function. PPG0 output level selection; P0LEV. This option is to determine the PPG0 output level. Active Low or Active High selection. Disable this bit to 0, the PPG0 output will be defined as an active high output, Enable this bit to 1, the PPG0 output will be defined as an ac- tive low output. PPG1 output level selection; P1LEV. This option is to determine the PPG1 output level. Active Low or Active High selection. Disable this bit to 0, the PPG1 output will be defined as an active high output, Enable this bit to 1, the PPG1 output will be defined as an ac- tive low output. PPG0 timer start counting synchronized with clock; P0TSYN. This option is to determine whether the PPG0 timer start counting is synchronized with input clock or not. PPG1 timer start counting synchronized with clock; P1TSYN. This option is to determine the PPG1 timer start counting is synchronized with input clock or not.

The following table shows the C1, C2 and R1 values corresponding to the different crystal values. (For reference only) Crystal or Resonator C1, C2 4MHz Crystal 0pF 10k 4MHz Resonator 10pF 12k 3.58MHz Crystal 0pF 10k 3.58MHz Resonator 25pF 10k 2MHz Crystal & Resonator 25pF 10k 1MHz Crystal 35pF 27k 480kHz Resonator 300pF 9.1k 455kHz Resonator 300pF 10k 429kHz Resonator 300pF 10k The function of the resistor R1 is to ensure that the oscillator will switch off should low voltage condi- tions occur. Such a low voltage, as mentioned here, is one which is less than the lowest value of the MCU operating voltage. Note however that if the LVR is enabled then R1 can be removed. Note: The resistance and capacitance for reset circuit should be designed in such a way as to ensure that the VDD is stable and remains within a valid operating voltage range before bringing RES to high. * Make the length of the wiring, which is connected to the RES pin as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 * B ) C * * * B ) * B * ) C I I & + , - - 6 * ) ) % 1 . " F " = . = . > * , * 6 , 6 * , * 0 , * 8 , * 3 , * , F 3 , - , 4 , * 5 , 6 ,

ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] Add data memory to ACC Add ACC to data memory Add immediate data to ACC Add data memory to ACC with carry Add ACC to data memory with carry Subtract immediate data from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC Subtract data memory from ACC with result in data memory Subtract data memory from ACC with carry Subtract data memory from ACC with carry and result in data memory Decimal adjust ACC for addition with result in data memory 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV Z,C,AC,OV C Logic Operation AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m] AND data memory to ACC OR data memory to ACC Exclusive-OR data memory to ACC AND ACC to data memory OR ACC to data memory Exclusive-OR ACC to data memory AND immediate data to ACC OR immediate data to ACC Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC Complement data memory Complement data memory with result in ACC 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Increment & Decrement INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Increment data memory with result in ACC Increment data memory Decrement data memory with result in ACC Decrement data memory 1(1) 1(1) Z Z Z Z Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Rotate data memory right with result in ACC Rotate data memory right Rotate data memory right through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory right through carry Rotate data memory left with result in ACC Rotate data memory left Rotate data memory left through carry with result in ACC Rotate data memory left through carry 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) None None C C None None C C Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Move data memory to ACC Move ACC to data memory Move immediate data to ACC 1(1) None None None Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Clear bit of data memory Set bit of data memory 1(1) 1(1) None None HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Jump unconditionally Skip if data memory is zero Skip if data memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of data memory is zero Skip if bit i of data memory is not zero Skip if increment data memory is zero Skip if decrement data memory is zero Skip if increment data memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(2) 1(3) 1(3) 1(2) 1(2) None None None None None None None None None None None None None Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH Read ROM code (last page) to data memory and TBLH 2(1) 2(1) None None Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT No operation Clear data memory Set data memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of data memory Swap nibbles of data memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) None None None TO,PDF TO(4),PDF(4) TO(4),PDF(4) None None TO,PDF Note: x: Immediate data m: Data memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address : Flag is affected : Flag is not affected (1): If a loading to the PCL register occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). (2): If a skipping to the next instruction occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle (four system clocks). Otherwise the original instruction cycle is unchanged. (3): (1) and (2) (4): The flags may be affected by the execution status. If the Watchdog Timer is cleared by executing the CLR WDT1 or CLR WDT2 instruction, the TO and PDF are cleared. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

ADC A,[m] Add data memory and carry to the accumulator The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si- multaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ADCM A,[m] Add the accumulator and carry to data memory The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si- multaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory. Operation [m] ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ADD A,[m] Add data memory to the accumulator The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ADD A,x Add immediate data to the accumulator The contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ADDM A,[m] Add the accumulator to the data memory The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ACC+[m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

AND A,[m] Logical AND accumulator with data memory Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise logical_AND op- eration. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC AND [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to the accumulator Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_AND operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC AND x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ANDM A,[m] Logical AND data memory with the accumulator Data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_AND op- eration. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ACC AND [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CALL addr Subroutine call The instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated address. The program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes this onto the stack. The indicated address is then loaded. Program execution continues with the instruction at this address. Operation Stack Program Counter+1 Program Counter addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CLR [m] Clear data memory The contents of the specified data memory are cleared to 0. Operation [m] 00H Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

CLR [m].i Clear bit of data memory The bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to 0. Operation [m].i Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer The WDT is cleared (clears the WDT). The power down bit (PDF) and time-out bit (TO) are cleared. Operation WDT 00H PDF and TO Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CLR WDT1 Preclear Watchdog Timer Together with CLR WDT2, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction just sets the indicated flag which im- plies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT 00H* PDF and TO Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CLR WDT2 Preclear Watchdog Timer Together with CLR WDT1, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution of this instruction without the other preclear instruction, sets the indicated flag which im- plies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged. Operation WDT 00H* PDF and TO Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C CPL [m] Complement data memory Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1 s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. Operation [m] [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

CPLA [m] Complement data memory and place result in the accumulator Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1 s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. The complemented result is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust accumulator for addition The accumulator value is adjusted to the BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) code. The accumu- lator is divided into two nibbles. Each nibble is adjusted to the BCD code and an internal carry (AC1) will be done if the low nibble of the accumulator is greater than 9. The BCD ad- justment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a carry (AC or C) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. The result is stored in the data memory and only the carry flag (C) may be affected. Operation If ACC.3~ACC.0 >9 or AC=1 then [m].3~[m].0 (ACC.3~ACC.0)+6, AC1=AC else [m].3~[m].0 (ACC.3~ACC.0), AC1=0 and If ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1 >9 or C=1 then [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4+6+AC1,C=1 else [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1,C=C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C DEC [m] Decrement data memory Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1. Operation [m] [m]1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C DECA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula- tor. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC [m]1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

This instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the RAM and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down bit (PDF) is set and the WDT time-out bit (TO) is cleared. Operation Program Counter Program Counter+1 PDF TO Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C INC [m] Increment data memory Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1 Operation [m] [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C INCA [m] Increment data memory and place result in the accumulator Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula- tor. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC [m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C JMP addr Directly jump The program counter are replaced with the directly-specified address unconditionally, and control is passed to this destination. Operation Program Counter addr Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C MOV A,[m] Move data memory to the accumulator The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. Operation ACC [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

MOV A,x Move immediate data to the accumulator The 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator. Operation ACC x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C MOV [m],A Move the accumulator to data memory The contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one of the data memories). Operation [m] ACC Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C NOP No operation No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. Operation Program Counter Program Counter+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C OR A,[m] Logical OR accumulator with data memory Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data memories) per- form a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC OR [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to the accumulator Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC OR x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C ORM A,[m] Logical OR data memory with the accumulator Data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. Operation [m] ACC OR [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

The program counter is restored from the stack. This is a 2-cycle instruction. Operation Program Counter Stack Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RET A,x Return and place immediate data in the accumulator The program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded with the speci- fied 8-bit immediate data. Operation Program Counter Stack ACC x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RETI Return from interrupt The program counter is restored from the stack, and interrupts are enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit. Operation Program Counter Stack EMI Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RL [m] Rotate data memory left The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. Operation [m].(i+1) [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RLA [m] Rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

RLC [m] Rotate data memory left through carry The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 re- places the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position. Operation [m].(i+1) [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].0 C C [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RLCA [m] Rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator Data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i+1) [m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.0 C C [m].7 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RR [m] Rotate data memory right The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated to bit 7. Operation [m].i [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RRA [m] Rotate right and place result in the accumulator Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated into bit 7, leaving the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.(i) [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C RRC [m] Rotate data memory right through carry The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. Operation [m].i [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) [m].7 C C [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

RRCA [m] Rotate right through carry and place result in the accumulator Data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. The rotated result is stored in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.i [m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6) ACC.7 C C [m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SBC A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub- tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SBCM A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub- tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ACC+[m]+C Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SDZ [m] Skip if decrement data memory is 0 The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc- tion (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]1)=0, [m] ([m]1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SDZA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cy- cles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]1)=0, ACC ([m]1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

SET [m] Set data memory Each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m] FFH Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SET [m]. i Set bit of data memory Bit i of the specified data memory is set to 1. Operation [m].i Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SIZ [m] Skip if increment data memory is 0 The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the fol- lowing instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m] ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SIZA [m] Increment data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0 The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. The data memory re- mains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current in- struction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, ACC ([m]+1) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is not 0 If bit i of the specified data memory is not 0, the next instruction is skipped. If bit i of the data memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Other- wise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

SUB A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SUBM A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory. Operation [m] ACC+[m]+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from the accumulator The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the accumula- tor, leaving the result in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC+x+1 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SWAP [m] Swap nibbles within the data memory The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (1 of the data memo- ries) are interchanged. Operation Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SWAPA [m] Swap data memory and place result in the accumulator The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are interchanged, writ- ing the result to the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged. Operation ACC.3~ACC.0 [m].7~[m].4 ACC.7~ACC.4 [m].3~[m].0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

SZ [m] Skip if data memory is 0 If the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SZA [m] Move data memory to ACC, skip if 0 The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. If the contents is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m]=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is 0 If bit i of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc- tion (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle). Operation Skip if [m].i=0 Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C TABRDC [m] Move the ROM code (current page) to TBLH and data memory The low byte of ROM code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ROM code (low byte) TBLH ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C TABRDL [m] Move the ROM code (last page) to TBLH and data memory The low byte of ROM code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly. Operation [m] ROM code (low byte) TBLH ROM code (high byte) Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

XOR A,[m] Logical XOR accumulator with data memory Data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise logical Exclu- sive_OR operation and the result is stored in the accumulator. Operation ACC ACC XOR [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C XORM A,[m] Logical XOR data memory with the accumulator Data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical Exclu- sive_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. The 0 flag is affected. Operation [m] ACC XOR [m] Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to the accumulator Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR op- eration. The result is stored in the accumulator. The 0 flag is affected. Operation ACC ACC XOR x Affected flag(s) TO PDF OV Z AC C HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

Package Information

28-pin SKDIP (300mil) Outline Dimensions Symbol Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 1375 1395 B 278 298 C 125 135 D 125 145 E F G 100 H 295 315 I 330 375 HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions Symbol Dimensions in mil Min. Nom. Max. A 394 419 B 290 300 C C 697 713 D 104 E F G H HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 H

Product Tape and Reel Specifications Reel Dimensions SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol A Reel Outer Diameter 330 1.0 B Reel Inner Diameter 62 1.5 C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5 0.2 D Key Slit Width 2.0 0.5 Space Between Flange 24.8+0.3 0.2 Reel Thickness 30.2 0.2 HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005

W Carrier Tape Width 24.0 0.3 P Cavity Pitch 12.0 0.1 E Perforation Position 1.75 0.1 F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5 0.1 D Perforation Diameter 1.5+0.1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25 Perforation Pitch 4.0 0.1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0 0.1 Cavity Length 10.85 0.1 Cavity Width 18.34 0.1 Cavity Depth 2.97 0.1 t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35 0.01 C Cover Tape Width 21.3 HT46R14 Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 E *

Rev. 1.00 November 1, 2005 Copyright 2005 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek as- sumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw. Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office) 7th Floor, Building 2, No.889, Yi Shan Rd., Shanghai, China 200233 Tel: 021-6485-5560 Fax: 021-6485-0313 http://www.holtek.com.cn Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 43F, SEG Plaza, Shen Nan Zhong Road, Shenzhen, China 518031 Tel: 0755-8346-5589 Fax: 0755-8346-5590 ISDN: 0755-8346-5591 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office) Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031 Tel: 010-6641-0030, 6641-7751, 6641-7752 Fax: 010-6641-0125 Holmate Semiconductor, Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46712 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 510-252-9880 Fax: 510-252-9885 http://www.holmate.com