U2042XA

U2042XA KEYSIGHT | Alldatasheet

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U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors Data Sheet

02 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Accurately measure any modulated signal with the Keysight Technologies, Inc. U2040 X-Series power sensors. With LAN connectivity, a first in the industry, and USB connectivity, the U2040 X-Series comes with the world’s widest dynamic range in a power sensor, covering a range of –70 to +26 dBm. And because the U2049XA LAN power sensor is thermal vacuum qualified, you can get the same accuracy and performance even in thermal vacuum chambers. U2040 X-Series power sensors comparison table Model Description Frequency range / dynamic range Supported measurements Connector type U2041X A USB wide dynamic range average power sensor

10 MHz to 6 GHz / –70 to +26 dBm Average, time selectivity in average mode N-type (male)

U2042XA USB peak and average power sensor

10 MHz to 6 GHz / –70 to +26 dBm Peak, average, peak-to-average power,

time-gated and free run mode, pulse parameters analysis, pulse profiling N-type (male) U2043XA USB wide dynamic range average power sensor

10 MHz to 18 GHz / –70 to +26 dBm Average, time selectivity in average mode N-type (male)

U2044XA USB peak and average power sensor

10 MHz to 18 GHz / –70 to +26 dBm Peak, average, peak-to-average power,

time-gated and free run mode, pulse parameters analysis, pulse profiling N-type (male) U2049XA LAN power sensor 10 MHz to 33 GHz / –70 to +20 dBm Peak, average, peak-to-average power, time-gated and free run mode, pulse parameters analysis, pulse profiling APC-3.5 mm (male) U2049XA (Option TVA) LAN power sensor (with thermal vacuum option)

10 MHz to 33 GHz / –70 to +20 dBm Peak, average, peak-to-average power,

time-gated and free run mode, pulse parameters analysis, pulse profiling APC-3.5 mm (male) U2040 X-Series selection guide Measurement types U2041XA U2042XA U2043XA U2044XA U2049XA CW power Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Wideband average power (example: 100 MHz bandwidth) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Time selectivity in average mode Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Time gated average power No Yes No Yes Yes Peak power or peak-to-average power up to 5 MHz bandwidth No Yes No Yes Yes Peak power or peak-to-average power above 5 MHz bandwidth No No No No No Pulse parameter analysis ≥ 100 ns rise time (example: rise/fall time, duty cycle, pulse width, etc.) No Yes No Yes Yes Pulse parameter analysis < 100 ns rise time (example: rise/fall time, duty cycle, pulse width, etc.) No No No No No Pulse profiling (power vs time display) No Yes No Yes Yes

Figure 1. The U2040 X-Series offers real time measurement by measuring every consecutive pulse without dead time testing, test system or instrument calibration, and radar pulse parameter measurements. reading, equaling a measurement speed of 50,000 readings per second.

200 ms with a resolution of 100 ns, a resolution low enough to cover any radio format. at around 50 dB with maximum speed of 1000 readings per second. testing and reducing connector wear and tear. and automated test environments where each second and each connection counts. enabled, a TTL trigger output signal will be generated on every triggered measurement. measurement acquisition of a series of daisy-chain power sensors. Figure 2. The external trigger input and output ports on the U2044XA

TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe[1-20], and TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition[1-20].

5 MHz, the U2040 X-Series enables a minimum measurable pulse width of 250 ns with

and pulse parameters of pulses for radar pulse component design or manufacturing. Figure 3. The U2040 X-Series offers simultaneous analysis of up to 20 pulses within a single capture

06 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Auto burst detection Auto burst detection helps the measurement setup of the trace of gate positions and sizes. This feature also helps set up triggering parameters on a large variety of complex modulated signals by synchronizing to the RF bursts. After a successful auto-scaling, the triggering parameters, such as trigger level, delay and hold-off, are automatically adjusted for optimum operation. The trace settings are also adjusted to align the RF burst to the center of the trace display. Built-in radar and wireless presets Begin testing faster; the U2040 X-Series comes with built-in radar and wireless presets for common signals such as DME, GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN and LTE. Gamma correction In an ideal measurement scenario, the reference impedance of the power sensor and device-under-test (DUT) impedance should equal the reference impedance (Z0); however, this is rarely the case in practice. The mismatch in impedance values results in a portion of the signal voltage being reflected, and this reflection is quantified by the reflection coefficient, gamma. Using the gamma correction function, users can simply input the DUT’s gamma into the USB power sensor using SCPI commands or the Keysight BenchVue software. This will remove the mismatch error, yielding more accurate measurements. S-parameter correction Additional errors are often caused by components that are inserted between the DUT and the power sensor, such as in base station testing where a high power attenuator is connected between the sensor and base station to reduce the output power to the measurable power range of the sensor. The S-parameters of these components can be obtained with a vector network analyzer in the touchstone format, and inputted into the sensor using SCPI commands or through the Keysight BenchVue software. This error can now be corrected using the U2040 X-Series’s S-parameter correction function. The sensor will behave as though it is connected directly to the DUT, giving users highly accurate power measurements. Bundled intuitive BenchVue software The U2040 X-Series power sensors are bundled with the Keysight BenchVue software. A software CD will be shipped together with the U2040 X-Series sensor. Users can also download the software at no charge from www.keysight.com/find/BenchVue .

08 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Performance Specifications Specification definitions There are two types of product specifications: – Warranted specifications are specifications which are covered by the product warranty and apply over a range of 0 to 55 °C unless otherwise noted. Warranted specifications include measurement uncertainty calculated with a 95% confidence – Characteristic specifications are specifications that are not warranted. They describe product performance that is useful in the application of the product. These characteristics are shown in italics. Characteristic information is representative of the product. In many cases, it may also be supplemental to a warranted specification. Characteristics specifications are not verified on all units. These are several types of characteristic specifications. They can be divided into two groups: One group of characteristic types describes ‘attributes’ common to all products of a given model or option. Examples of characteristics that describe ‘attributes’ are the product weight and ’50-ohm input Type-N connector’. In these examples, product weight is an ‘approximate’ value and a 50-ohm input is ‘nominal’. These two terms are most widely used when describing a product’s ‘attributes’. The second group describes ‘statistically’ the aggregate performance of the population of products. These characteristics describe the expected behavior of the population of products. They do not guarantee the performance of any individual product. No measurement uncertainty value is accounted for in the specification. These specifications are referred to as ‘typical’. Specification definitions The power sensor will meet its specifications when: – Stored for a minimum of two hours at a stable temperature within the operating temperature range, and turned on for at least 30 minutes – The power sensor is within its recommended calibration period, and – Used in accordance to the information provided in the User’s Guide. – For power measurements below –60 dBm, it is recommended to turn on the power sensor for 1.5 hours (with the U2040 X-Series power sensor connected to the device-under-test).

09 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Specifications Key specifications U2041XA/43XA USB average power sensor U2042XA/44XA USB peak and average power sensor U2049XA LAN peak and average power sensor Average power dynamic range (Average only mode) –70 dBm to +26 dBm –70 dBm to +26 dBm –70 dBm to +20 dBm Normal mode dynamic range (Peak mode) N/A Off: –40 to +26 dBm High/5 MHz: –40 to +26 dBm Medium/1.5 MHz: –45 to +26 dBm Low/300 kHz: –45 to +26 dBm Off: –40 to +20 dBm High/5 MHz: –40 to +20 dBm Medium/1.5 MHz: –45 to +20 dBm Low/300 kHz: –45 to +20 dBm Maximum power (Damage level) Average: +29 dBm Peak: +32 dBm for < 10 µs duration Voltage: ≤ 20 VDC Average: +29 dBm Peak: +32 dBm for < 10 µs duration Voltage: ≤ 20 VDC Average: +29 dBm Peak: +32 dBm for < 10 µs duration Voltage: ≤ 20 VDC Zero and calibration Internal zero and calibration supported Internal zero and calibration supported Internal zero and calibration supported Rise / fall time 3 ≤ 100 ns ≤ 100 ns ≤ 100 ns Maximum sampling rate 20 Msamples/second continuous sampling

20 Msamples/second continuous

Power linearity at 5 dB step 1 Average mode: < 1.0% Average mode: < 1.0% Normal mode: < 1.3% Average mode: < 1.0% Normal mode: < 1.0% Average power measurement accuracy 2 ≤ ± 0.21 dB or ± 4.7% for < 30 MHz ≤ ± 0.18 dB or ± 4.1% for ≥ 30 MHz to ≤ 10 GHz ≤ ± 0.19 dB or ± 4.3% for > 10 GHz to 18 GHz ≤ ± 0.21 dB or ± 4.7% for < 30 MHz ≤ ± 0.18 dB or ± 4.1% for ≥ 30 MHz to ≤ 10 GHz ≤ ± 0.19 dB or ± 4.3% for > 10 GHz to

18 GHz

≤ ± 0.30 dB or ± 6.6% for < 30 MHz ≤ ± 0.23 dB or ± 5.2% for ≥ 30 MHz to ≤ 26.5 GHz ≤ ± 0.27 dB or ± 5.9% for > 26.5 GHz to ≤ 33 GHz Signal bandwidth Wideband average power VBW for peak power: ≤ 5 MHz 4 Wideband average power VBW for peak power: ≤ 5 MHz 4 Wideband average power Single shot bandwidth NA 5 MHz 5 MHz Minimum pulse width NA 250 ns 250 ns Maximum capture length NA 1 s (decimated) 6.5 ms (at full sampling rate) 1 s (decimated) 6.5 ms (at full sampling rate) Maximum pulse repetition rate NA 2 MHz (based on 10 samples/period) 2 MHz (based on 10 samples/period) 1. Any relative power measurement of up to 5 dB will have <1% error, excluding zero set, zero drift and noise effects. With default aperture and averaging, for power levels above –50 dBm, zero set, zero drift and noise effects can be disregarded. 2. For U2041XA/42XA/43XA/44XA, specification is valid over a range of –45 to +26 dBm, DUT Max SWR < 1.2. For U2049XA, specification is valid over a range of–45 to +20 dBm, DUT Max SWR < 1.2. For all models, averaging set to 32, in Free Run mode. For power levels below –45 dBm, the effect of zero drift, zero set and measurement noise have to be considered separately base on the uncertainty calculation method shown in Appendix A. 3. With video bandwidth OFF setting and carrier frequency ≥ 300 MHz. 4. Five MHz video bandwidth is applicable for carrier frequency ≥ 300 MHz. For carrier frequency < 300 MHz, video bandwidth of LOW/MED is 90 kHz, video bandwidth of HIGH/OFF is 240 kHz. Refer to Characteristic peak flatness section for details.

10 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Noise and drift Mode VBW setting Zero set 1 Zero drift 2 Measurement noise Noise per sample External zero Internal zero Normal 3 LOW/MED < 16 nW < 23 nW < 10 nW < 10 nW 4 < 0.15 µW HIGH/OFF < 50 nW < 60 nW < 15 nW < 32 nW 4 < 0.8 µW Average – 100 pW for < 300 MHz 1 nW < 25 pW < 80 pW 5 - 70 pW for ≥ 300 MHz Average only mode noise multiplier The measurement noise due to the U2040 X-Series power sensor is dependent on the measurement time. In general, the longer a measurement takes the lower the noise is. The measurement noise specification is defined for 16 averages with an aperture of 50 ms, or a total time of 800 ms. Noise will reduce or increase with the square root ratio of the measurement time to the specification measurement time. Thus a noise multiplier factor can be derived for any combination of averaging and aperture: —————— 0.8Nmult = √—————— Nave × ta Increasing measurement time will reduce noise at this rate until around 3 seconds. As the measurement time increases beyond 3.2 seconds the noise reduction exponent changes from 0.5 to 0.2. Nmult = 0.89 × ( 1 ) 0.5 , for Nave × ta ≤ 3.2 Nave× ta Nmult = 0.63 × ( 1 ) 0.2 , for Nave × ta > 3.2 Nave× ta Noiseactual = Nmult × Noisespec Where Nave def number of averages and ta def aperture in seconds 1. After 1 hour of warm up and at a constant temperature. 2. After 1 hour of warm up and at a constant temperature, measurements taken over a period of 4 hours after zeroing. Drift is calculated based on the average difference of any two measurements 1 hour apart. 3. Only applicable to U2042XA/44XA. 4. Noise defined for 1 average at free run mode. 5. Noise defined for 16 averages at 50 ms aperture

11 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Maximum SWR Frequency band U2041XA/42XA U2043XA/44XA Power Level -70 to +15 dBm +15 to +26 dBm -70 to +15 dBm +15 to +26 dBm 10 MHz to 6 GHz < 1.2 < 1.29 < 1.20 < 1.29 > 6 GHz to 18 GHz < 1.26 < 1.30 Frequency band U2049XA Power Level -70 to +15 dBm +15 to +20 dBm 10 MHz to 30 MHz < 2.18 < 2.21 > 30 MHz to 50 MHz < 1.35 < 1.37 > 50 MHz to 100 MHz < 1.22 < 1.24 > 100 MHz to 11.5 GHz < 1.17 < 1.21 > 11.5 GHz to 30 GHz < 1.29 < 1.33 > 30 GHz to 33 GHz < 1.33 < 1.36 Calibration uncertainty Definition: Uncertainty resulting from non-linearity in the U2040 X-Series detection and correction process. This can be considered as a combination of traditional linearity, calibration factor and temperature specifications and the uncertainty associated with the internal calibration process. Frequency band Average mode U2041XA/42XA U2043XA/44XA U2049XA 10 MHz to 30 MHz 4.4% 4.4% 4.5% > 30MHz to 500 MHz 3.7% 3.7% 3.9% > 500 MHz to 1 GHz 3.7% 3.7% 3.8% > 1 GHz to 6 GHz 3.7% 3.7% 3.9% > 6 GHz to 10 GHz - 3.7% 4.0% > 10 GHz to 18 GHz - 4.0% 4.2% > 18 GHz to 26.5 GHz - - 4.9% > 26.5 GHz to 33 GHz - - 5.6% Frequency band Normal mode VBW OFF/HIGH 1 VBW MED/LOW U2042XA U2044XA U2049XA U2042XA U2044XA U2049XA 1. Specification valid for environment up to 70% relative humidity. Additional 1.6% to be included for environment up to 95% relative humidity.

12 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Timebase and trigger specifications Timebase Range 2 ns to 100 ms/div Accuracy ± 25ppm Jitter ≤ 1 ns Trigger Internal trigger 1 Range U2042XA/44XA: –25 to +26 dBm U2049XA: –25 to +20 dBm Resolution 0.1 dB Level accuracy ± 0.5 dB Latency 1.5 µs ± 50 ns Jitter ≤ 5 ns rms External TTL trigger input High > 2.4 V Low < 0.7 V Latency 500 ns ± 50 ns Minimum trigger pulse width 150 ns (average mode) 50 ns (normal mode) 1 Minimum trigger repetition period 300 ns (average mode) 100 ns (normal mode) 1 Maximum trigger voltage input 5 V EMF from 50 Ω DC (current < 100 mA) or

5 V EMF from 50 Ω pulse width < 1 s (current < 100 mA)

Impedance 100 kΩ (default), 50 Ω Jitter ≤ 15 ns rms External TTL trigger output High > 2.4 V Low < 0.7 V Latency 500 ns ± 50 ns Impedance 50 Ω Jitter ≤ 15 ns rms Trigger delay Range Normal mode: 1 ± 1.0 s Average only mode: –1.6 ms to +1 s Resolution 1% of delay setting, 50 ns minimum Trigger hold off Range 1 µs to 400 ms Resolution 1% of selected value (to a minimum of 50 ns) Trigger level threshold hysteresis Range ± 3 dB Resolution 0.05 dB 1. Only applicable to U2042XA/44XA.

13 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet General specifications Inputs / Outputs Current requirement U204 1XA/42XA/43XA/44XA: Approximately < 500 mA U2049XA: 3W, 802.3af or 802.3at Type 1 standard Trigger input Input has TTL compatible logic levels and uses a SMB connector Trigger output Output provides TTL compatible logic levels and uses a SMB connector Remote programming Interface – U204 1XA/42XA/43XA/44XA: USB 2.0 interface USB- TMC compliance – U2049XA: 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Power Over Ethernet port, transfers data and power on one single cable, 802.3af or 802.3at Type 1 compliant Command language SCPI standard interface commands, IVI-COM, IVI-C drivers Maximum measurement speed Free run trigger measurement 25,000 readings per second 1 External trigger time-gated measurement 20,000 readings per second 2 Average mode real time measurement 50,000 readings per second 3 1. Tested under normal mode and fast mode, with buffer mode trigger count of 100, output in binary format, unit in watt, auto-zeroing, auto-calibration, and step detect disabled. 2. Tested under normal mode and fast mode, with buffer mode trigger count of 100, pulsed signal with PRF of 20 kHz, and pulse width at 15 µs. 3. Tested under average only mode and fast mode, with buffer mode trigger count of 200, aperture duration of 20 µs, data format set to real, external trigger or immediate trigger setting. General characteristics Environmental compliance Temperature All models except U2049XA-TVA: – Operating condition: 0 to 55 °C – Storage condition: –40 to 70 °C For U2049XA-TVA: – Operating Condition: 0 °C to 55 °C For U2049XA Option TVA, this operating condition is applicable for both standard atmospheric environment and thermal vacuum environment. – Storage condition: –40 °C to 70 °C –40 °C to 100 °C (for U2049XA Option TVA) Humidity Operating condition: Maximum 95% at 40 °C (non-condensing) Storage condition: Up to 90% at 65 °C (non-condensing) Altitude Operating condition: Up to 3,000 m (9,840 ft) Storage condition: Up to 15,420 m (50,000 ft) Regulatory compliance The U2040 X-Series complies with the following safety and EMC requirements IEC 61010-1:2001 / EN61010-1:2001 (2nd edition) IEC 61326:2002 / EN 61326:1997 + A1:1998 +A3:2003 Canada: ICES-001:2004 Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR11:2004 Others U2041XA/42XA/43XA/44XA U2049XA Dimensions (Length x Width x Height) 168 mm x 46 mm x 35 mm 197 mm x 40 mm x 24 mm Weight Net weight: ≤ 0.3 kg Shipping weight: ≤ 1.3 kg Net weight: ≤ 0.37 kg Shipping weight: ≤ 1.4 kg Recommended calibration interval 1 year 1 year Warranty 3 years 3 years

error in peak-to-average ratio measurements as the tone separation is varied. Figure 7. U2040 X-Series error in peak-to-average ratio measurements for a two-tone input

Figure 10. Multi-list view with ratio/difference function Full instrumentation control include frequency/average/trigger settings, zero and calibration, etc.

18 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet System and installation requirements PC operating system Windows 8 and 7 Windows 8 32-bit and 64-bit (Core, Professional, Enterprise) Windows 7 SP1 and later 32-bit and 64-bit (Professional, Enterprise, Ultimate) Computer hardware Professor: 1 GHz or faster (2 GHz or greater recommended) RAM: 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit) (3 GB or greater recommended) Windows XP SP3 32-bit (Professional) Processor: 600 MHz or faster (1 GHz or greater recommended) RAM: 1 GB (2 GB or greater recommended) Interfaces USB, GPIB, LAN, RS-232 Display resolution 1024 x 768 minimum for single instrument view (higher resolutions are recommended for multiple instrument view) Additional requirements Software: BenchVue requires a VISA (Keysight or National Instruments) when used to connect to physical instruments. Keysight IO Libraries, which contains the necessary VISA, will be installed automatically when BenchVue is installed. IO Libraries information is available at: www.keysight.com/find/iosuite .

19 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet

Ordering Information

U2041X A USB wide dynamic range average power sensor, 10 MHz to 6 GHz U2042XA USB peak and average power sensor, 10 MHz to 6 GHz U2043XA USB wide dynamic range average power sensor, 10 MHz to 18 GHz U2044XA USB peak and average power sensor, 10 MHz to 18 GHz U2049XA, Option 100 LAN power sensor, 10 MHz to 33 GHz U2049XA, Option TVA LAN power sensor, 10 MHz to 33 GHz, thermal vacuum option Standard shipped items U204 1XA/42XA/43XA/44XA USB power sensor USB cable 5 ft (1.5 m), default cable length BNC male to SMB female trigger cable, 50 Ω, 1.5 m (Quantity: 2) Certificate of calibration CD documentation Keysight Instrument Control DVD (contains IO Libraries Suite, Command Expert and BenchVue software) U2049XA LAN power sensor LAN cable 5 ft (1.5 m), default cable length – Standard LAN cable for Option 100 – TVAC LAN cable for Option TVA BNC male to SMB female trigger cable, 50 Ω, 1.5 m (Quantity: 2) – Standard trigger cable for Option 100 – TVAC trigger cable for Option TVA Thermal interface material for Option TVA Certificate of calibration CD documentation Keysight Instrument Control DVD (contains IO Libraries Suite, Command Expert and BenchVue software) U2041XA/42XA/43XA/44XA USB power sensor options Options Description Accessories U2000A-201 Transit case U2000A-202 Soft carrying case U2000A-203 Holster U2000A-204 Soft carrying pouch Cables (selectable during sensor purchase) U2000A-301 USB cable 5 ft (1.5 m) – default selection U2000A-302 USB cable 10 ft (3 m) U2000A-303 USB cable 16.4 ft (5 m) Cables (ordered standalone) U2031A USB cable 5 ft (1.5 m) U2031B USB cable 10 ft (3 m) U2031C USB cable 16.4 ft (5 m) U2032A BNC male to SMB female trigger cable, 50 Ω, 1.5 m Software BV0007A BenchVue Power Meter Pro App license Calibration UK6 Commercial calibration with test data

20 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet U2049XA LAN power sensor options Options Description Accessories U2035A U2049XA sensor casing (for Option 100 only) U2036A TVAC sensor bracket (for Option TVA only) U2038A Single-port PoE injector (for Option 100 and TVA) Standard LAN cables (selectable during sensor purchase and orderable standalone) U2034A LAN cable 5 ft (1.5 m) – default selection for Option 100 U2034B LAN cable 10 ft (3 m) U2034C LAN cable 16.4 ft (5 m) U2034D LAN cable 50 ft (15.2 m) U2034E LAN cable 100 ft (30.5 m) U2034F LAN cable 200 ft (61 m) TVAC LAN cables (selectable during sensor purchase and orderable standalone) U2037A LAN cable 5 ft (1.5 m) – default selection for Option TVA U2037B LAN cable 10 ft (3 m) U2037C LAN cable 16.4 ft (5 m) U2037D LAN cable 50 ft (15.2 m) U2037E LAN cable 100 ft (30.5 m) U2037F LAN cable 200 ft (61 m) Trigger cable U2032A Standard trigger cable BNC Male to SMB female, 50 Ω, 1.5 m U2033A TVAC trigger cable BNC Male to SMB female, 50 Ω, 1.5 m Software BV0007A BenchVue Power Meter Pro App license Calibration UK6 Commercial calibration with test data

21 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Appendix A 1. The noise to power ratio for average only mode is capped at 0.01% for MU calculation purposes. Uncertainty calculations for a power measurement (settled, average power) (Specification values from this document are in bold italic, values calculated on this page are underlined.) Process: 3. Calculate sensor uncertainty: Calculate noise contribution – If in Free Run mode, Noise = Measurement noise x free run multiplier – If in Trigger mode, Noise = Noise-per-sample x noise per sample multiplier 4. Zero uncertainty 5. Sensor calibration uncertainty (RSS three terms from steps 3, 4 and 5) 7. Standard uncertainty of mismatch 8. Combined measurement uncertainty @ k = 1 U C = Max(rDUT) • Max(rSensor) + ( sysrss √2 2

22 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Worked example for U2041XA Uncertainty calculations for a power measurement (settled, average power) (Specification values from this document are in bold italic, values calculated on this page are underlined.) Process: 3. Calculate sensor uncertainty: In Free Run, auto zero mode average = 1 Calculate noise contribution, assuming 50 ms aperture (default) – If in Free Run mode, Noise = Measurement noise x free run multiplier = 80 pW x 4.0 = 0.32 nW – If in Trigger mode, Noise = Noise-per-sample x noise per sample multiplier Convert noise contribution to a relative term 1 = Noise/Power = 0.32 nW / 1 mW = 0.000032%, value clipped to 0.01% 0.01% 4. Zero uncertainty 5. Sensor calibration uncertainty (RSS three terms from steps 3, 4 and 5) 7. Standard uncertainty of mismatch 8. Combined measurement uncertainty @ k = 1 U C = Max(rDUT) • Max(rSensor) + ( sysrss UC = 0.091 • 0.155 + ( 0.037 √2 2 √2 2 1.99% 1. The noise to power ratio for average only mode is capped at 0.01% for measurement uncertainty calculation purposes.

23 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Graphical example A. System contribution to measurement uncertainty versus power level (equates to step 6 result/2)

24 | Keysight | U2040 X-Series Wide Dynamic Range Power Sensors – Data Sheet Note: The above graph is valid for conditions of free-run operation, with a signal within the video bandwidth setting on the system. Humidity < 70 %. B. Standard uncertainty of mismatch Note: The above graph shows the Standard Uncertainty of Mismatch = rDUT. rSensor / √2, rather than the Mismatch Uncertainly Limits. This term assumes that both the Source and Load have uniform magnitude and uniform phase probability distributions. C. Combine A & B Uc = √(Value from Graph A)2 + (Value from Graph B)2 SWR r 1.0 0.00 1.05 0.02 1.10 0.05 1.15 0.07 1.20 0.09 1.25 0.11 1.30 0.13 1.35 0.15 1.40 0.17 1.45 0.18 1.50 0.20 1.60 0.23 1.70 0.26 SWR r 1.80 0.29 1.90 0.31 2.00 0.33 2.10 0.35 2.20 0.38 2.30 0.39 2.40 0.41 2.50 0.43 2.60 0.44 2.70 046 2.80 0.47 2.90 0.49 3.00 0.50

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