TLE9009DQU

Infineon Technologies A...

Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Manufacturer: Infineon Technologies A...

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TLE9009DQU INFINEON | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

Features

Voltage monitoring of up to 9 battery cells connected in series
Hot plugging support
Dedicated 16-bit high precision delta-sigma ADC for each cell with selectable measurement mode
High-accuracy measurement with typical ±0.2 mV initial accuracy at ambient temperature with a typical lifetime adder of 1 LSB after 10 years of usage
Integrated stress sensor with digital compensation algorithm and temperature-compensated measurements
Secondary ADC with identical averaging filter characteristics as advanced end-to-end safety mechanism
Five temperature measurement channels for external NTC elements
Two internal temperature sensors
Integrated balancing switch allows up to 200 mA balancing current
Differential robust serial 2 Mbit/s communication interface with up to 38 devices
Additional four GPIO pins to e.g. connect an external EEPROM and PWM driver
Internal round robin cycle routine triggers majority of diagnostics mechanisms - Automatic balancing overcurrent and undercurrent detection - Automatic open load and open wire detection - Automatic NTC measurement unit monitoring
End-to-end CRC secured iso UART/UART communication
Wake from bus capability (EMM)
ISO 26262 Safety Element out of Context for safety requirements up to ASIL D
Green Product (RoHS compliant) Potential applications Multi-cell battery monitoring and balancing system IC designed for Li-ion battery packs used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) as well as in 12 V/48 V Li- ion batteries and energy storage systems (ESS). Product validation Qualified for automotive applications. Product validation according to AEC-Q100. Datasheet Please read the sections "Important notice" and "Warnings" at the end of this document Rev. 1.0 www.infineon.com/battery-management-systems 2024-09-15

Description

The device is a IC for lithium-ion battery cell management. The main function is to measure all cell voltages in parallel with high precision and accuracy as well as temperatures. Additionally, the device is able to individually and parallelly balance all cell voltages. The device offers a UART interface and an isolated daisy chain interface called iso UART for communication with the host controller. The small package design and robust technology enables a lean design and a ultra low bill of materials. Type Package Marking TLE9009DQU PG-TQFP-48 TLE9009DQU TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 2 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Table of contents Datasheet 3 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Table of contents Datasheet 4 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

1 Block diagram

IFH_L IFH_HIFL_H IFL_L VDDC VIO VS TMP1 TMP4 VREGOUT TMP_GND iso UART Interface Low-Side iso UART Interface High-Side TMP3 Temperature Mesurement Unit TMP2 TMP0 Power Management Unit Main regulator Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #8 Sleep regulator Main oscillatorSleep oscillator Device watchdog (WD) incl. extended WD Power management diagnosis P COMP #8Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #7 P COMP Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #1 P COMP #1Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #0 P COMP Ref. B DAC 11bit SAR MUX SAR 11bit Ref. B ΔΣ ADC 16bit Block #10 Digital Control Registers GPIO0/UART_LS GPIO1/UART_HS UART / PWM/ GPIO ERR Diagnosis Unit incl. Round Robin REF. B GND VDDB REF. A GND VDDA PWM0 PWM1 DIAG DIAG DIAG DIAG Figure 1 Block diagram TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 5 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

2 Pin configuration

2.1 Pin assignment

7 n. c. 8 n. c. 9 n. c. 10 n. c. 11 n. c. 12 n. c. 13TMP4 14TMP3 15GND 16TMP2 17TMP1 18TMP0 19TMP_GND 20PWM1 21PWM0 22GND 23IFL_L 24IFL_H

25 IFH_H

26 IFH_L

27 VDDC

28 GPIO0 / UART_LS

29 GPIO1 / UART_HS

30 VIO

31 VREGOUT

32 n. c.

33 ERR

35 U9P

2.2 Pin definitions and functions

Pin Symbol Pin type Function 1 G2 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 2. 2 U2 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 2, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 1). TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 6 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Pin Symbol Pin type Function 3 G1 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 1. 4 U1 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 1, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 0). 5 G0 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 0.

6 U0 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 0, negative terminal (same potential as local

GND). 7 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 8 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 9 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 10 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 11 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 12 n. c. Not connected. Connect to U0 in application. 13 TMP4 IO Temperature sensor 4. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. If TMP4 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 14 TMP3 IO Temperature sensor 3. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. If TMP3 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin.

15 GND GND Local GND of CSC (cell supervision circuit) device

16 TMP2 IO Temperature sensor 2. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. If TMP2 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 17 TMP1 IO Temperature sensor 1. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. If TMP1 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 18 TMP0 IO Temperature sensor 0. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. If TMP0 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin.

19 TMP_GN

D IO Temperature sensor reference. This pin can be connected to local GND. 20 PWM1 IO PWM output channel 1. This pin also has a general purpose input/output function. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. 21 PWM0 IO PWM output channel 0. This pin also has a general purpose input/output function. If not used connect pin to GND via a pull-down resistor > 10 kΩ. 22 GND GND Local GND of CSC device (cell supervision circuit). 23 IFL_L D_I / O Lower isolated UART (iso UART) L pin. 24 IFL_H D_I / O Lower isolated UART (iso UART) H pin. 25 IFH_H D_I / O Upper isolated UART (iso UART) H pin. 26 IFH_L D_I / O Upper isolated UART (iso UART) L pin. 27 VDDC Supply Buffer capacitor pin for internal iso UART supply. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 7 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Pin Symbol Pin type Function

28 GPIO0 /

UART_LS D_I / O General-purpose input/output channel 0. This pin also has the function of UART_LS. If not used connect pin to GND.

29 GPIO1 /

UART_HS D_I / O General-purpose input/output channel 1. This pin also has the function of UART_HS. If not used connect pin to GND. 30 VIO S Supply for GPIO interface.

31 VREGOU

T S Output pin for the internal regulator. 33 ERR HV_D_O Error output to microcontroller; open drain PMOS connected to VS. If not used, leave unconnected. 34 VS S Supply pin of internal regulator VVREGOUT. 35 U9P S Positive supply pin. Connect to positive terminal of topmost cell in block. Input for the sleep regulator.

36 U9 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 8, positive terminal (most upper cell in the

block). 37 G8 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 8. 38 U8 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 8, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 7). 39 G7 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 7. 40 U7 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 7, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 6). 41 G6 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 6. 42 U6 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 6, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 5). 43 G5 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 5. 44 U5 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 5, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 4). 45 G4 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 4. 46 U4 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 4, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 3). 47 G3 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 3. 48 U3 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 3 negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 2).

49 Exposed

GNDA Cooling tab. Connect to GND in the application. Pin types: A = analog, D = digital, HV = high-voltage, I = input, O = output, I/O = bidirectional, P = power, S = supply TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 8 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

3 General product characteristics

Within the functional or operating range, the IC operates as described in the circuit description. The electrical characteristics are specified within the conditions given in the electrical characteristics table. This thermal data was generated in accordance with JEDEC JESD51 standards. For more information, go to www.jedec.org.

3.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Table 1 Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Voltages Supply voltage VS VVS_max -0.3 – 75 V – PRQ-486 Supply voltage VS relative VVS_rel_max VVREG OUT - 0.3 – – V – PRQ-489 Transient high voltage Vtransient_hi gh_max 75 – 90 V Maximum transient duration 60 sec. Valid for following pins vs. GND: VS, U9P , U9, Gn, Un (0 ≤ n ≤ 8) PRQ-1862 Supply voltage U9P VU9P_max -0.3 – 75 V – PRQ-1861 Supply voltage VIO VVIO_max -0.3 – 5.5 V – PRQ-488 Regulator output VREGOUT VVREGOUT_ max Regulator output VDDC VVDDC_max -0.3 – 3.6 V Assuming IVDDC ≤ 1 mA continuous current PRQ-491 Cell sense input voltage absolute Un VUn_max -0.3 – 75 V 0 ≤ n ≤ 9 PRQ-1863 Cell sense input voltages relative Un VUn_rel_max VUn-1 - x – VUn-1 + 9 V 1. 1 ≤ n ≤ 9 3. Typical clamping voltage 4. Maximum allowed current into/out of the pin: 40 mA 5. For 7.5 V < VUn < 9 V: Current flowing into the pin is below 10 mA PRQ-1864 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 9 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Cell balancing pin absolute Gn VGn_max -0.3 – 75 V 0 ≤ n ≤ 8 PRQ-1866 Cell balancing pins relative Gn VGn_rel_max VUn - 0.3 – VUn+1 + 0.3 V 0 ≤ n ≤ 8 PRQ-1867 General purpose I/O voltages absolute GPIOq VGPIOq_max -0.3 – 5.5 V 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 PRQ-505 General purpose I/O voltages relative GPIOq VGPIOq_rel_ max -0.3 – VVIO + 0.3 V 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 PRQ-506 Open drain output pin absolute ERR VERR_max -0.3 – 75 V – PRQ-510 Open drain output pin relative ERR VERR_rel_ma x -0.3 – VVS + 0.3 V – PRQ-509 iso UART interface IFL_x VIFL_L_max VIFL_H_max -4.1 – 6.6 V 1) BCI test maximum 300 mA injected via twisted pair cable onto iso UART interface (maximum pin current 150 mA) PRQ-493 iso UART interface IFH_x VIFH_L_max VIFH_H_max -4.1 – 6.6 V 1) BCI test maximum 300 mA injected via twisted pair cable onto iso UART interface (maximum pin current 150 mA) PRQ-492 Temperature sensor input voltages absolute TMPz VTMPz_max -0.3 – 3.63 V 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-863 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 10 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Temperature sensor input voltages relative TMPz VTMPz_rel_m ax -0.3 – VVREG OUT + 0.3 V 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-864 Temperature sensor input voltage absolute TMP_GND VTMP_GND_ max Temperature sensor input voltages relative TMP_GND VTMP_GND_r el_max -0.3 – VVREG OUT + 0.3 V – PRQ-504 Pulse width modulation I/O voltages absolute PWMp VPWMp_max -0.3 – 5.5 V 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-865 Pulse width modulation I/O voltages relative PWMp VPWMp_rel_ max -0.3 – VVIO + 0.3 V 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-866 Ground pin GND VGND 0 – 0 V Absolute GND PRQ-511 ESD robustness ESD robustness 2 kV VESD_2kV_m ax -2 – 2 kV 2) HBM; all pins PRQ-514 ESD robustness 4 kV VESD_4kV_m ax -4 – 4 kV 2) HBM; robustness versus GND for pins: VS, U9P , Un, Gn, TMPz, TMP_GND, IFH_x, IFL_x PRQ-1865 ESD robustness CDM 500 V VESD_cdm_al l_max -500 – 500 V 3) CDM; all pins PRQ-516 ESD robustness CDM 750 V VESD_Corner _max -750 – 750 V 3) CDM; corner pins PRQ-517 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 11 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Temperatures Junction temperature Tj_max -40 – 150 °C – PRQ-512 Storage temperature Tstg_max -55 – 150 °C – PRQ-513 1) Positive and negative transients with a maximum duration of 100 ns allowed between ± 8 V; This should simulate ESD events; however, during normal and steady-state condition voltage on these pins must stay inside the maximum ratings specified. 2) ESD robustness, HBM according to ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1.5 kΩ, 100 pF). 3) ESD robustness, Charged Device Model JESD22-C101. Notes: 1. Stresses above the ones listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2. Integrated protection functions are designed to prevent IC destruction under fault conditions described in the datasheet. Fault conditions are considered as outside normal operating range. Protection functions are not designed for continuous repetitive operation.

3.2 Functional range

Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Supply voltage VS VVS_function al 4.75 – 60 V – PRQ-518 Supply voltage U9P VU9P_functio nal 4.75 – 45 V – PRQ-1868 Supply voltage VIO VVIO_functio nal 3 – 5.5 V – PRQ-520 Cell sense input voltage Un VUn_function al VUn-1 - x – VUn-1 + 7 V 1. 1 ≤ n ≤ 9 PRQ-1869 TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 12 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

3.3 Thermal resistance

Table 3 Thermal resistance VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Junction to case RthJC – 7 – K/W 1) PRQ-1921 Junction to ambient RthJA – 32 – K/W 1) 2) PRQ-1922 1) Not subject to production test, specified by design. 2) Specified RthJA value is according to JEDEC JESD51-5,-7 at natural convection on FR4 2s2p board; The product (chip and package) was simulated on a 76.2 × 114.3 × 1.5 mm board with 2 inner copper layers (2 × 70 µm Cu, 2 × 35 µm Cu). The thermal via array under the exposed pad consists of 16 vias with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a plating thickness of 25 µm. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 13 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

4 Monitoring of internal oscillators

The IC includes monitoring of two internal oscillators: 1. Main oscillator operating at fmain_osc 2. Sleep oscillator operating at fsleep_osc → in sleep mode only the sleep mode oscillator is active In normal mode both oscillators are active. The oscillators monitor each other for drift and stuck-at errors. As soon as the IC detects an error, it enters sleep mode. The oscillator error prevents reliable writing to any register and hence the IC does not set any error bit before entering sleep mode.

4.1 Electrical characteristics monitoring of internal oscillators

Table 4 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Oscillator Main unit oscillator frequency fmain_osc 13.4 14 14.5 MHz – PRQ-564 Sleep unit oscillator frequency fsleep_osc 90 100 110 kHz – PRQ-565 TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 14 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

5 Power Management Unit (PMU)

5.1 Functional description

The IC has an internal power supply unit connected to the pins VS, U9P and GND. It consumes energy from the monitored battery cells and generates the internal supply voltages for the IC as well as the output voltages VVDDC and VVREGOUT. Note: The output pins VDDC and VREGOUT require a capacitance to ground as stated in the Application information/External components. Note: No supply currents are drawn from Un pins. Reg 3V3 GPIO Analog VREGOUT VS VIO VDDC GND U9P Reg startup R F Comm IF V_Bl+ V_Bl- 3.3 / 5V 3.3 V R F R F Reg Logic C VDDC C VREGOUT C U9P C VS If GPIOs are used R U9P R VS Figure 3 Typical power supply configuration using the internal voltage regulator The IC has a sleep mode with reduced current consumption supplied via U9P and GND. The IC can be put into sleep mode by setting the sleep mode bit. The sleep mode features a reduced current consumption, IU9P_sleep, supplied via U9P and GND. To supply the communication interface, the device provides a regulated output voltage VVDDC on pin VDDC. If the voltage VVDDC falls below the undervoltage threshold VVDDC_th_UV for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then the IC enters sleep mode. The power supply error sleep bit in the general diagnostics register indicate a fault, which can be read after waking the IC. The device provides a regulated output voltage VVREGOUT with an output current IVREGOUT on pin VREGOUT which can supply the GPIOs of the device or other loads. The multi purpose supply incorporates an overcurrent protection. If the current IVREGOUT exceeds IVREGOUT_th_OC for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then it switches off the output voltage supply. The IC enters sleep mode after the deglitching time tPS_ERR_deg. The power supply error sleep bit in the general diagnostics register indicates a fault, which can be read after waking up the IC. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 15 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

The voltage at the VIO pin sets the logic levels and supplies the GPIOs. The pin can be connected directly to the VREGOUT pin or to another desired voltage level using an external regulator. If the voltage VVIO falls below the undervoltage threshold VVIO_th_UV_fall for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then the IC sets the VIO undervoltage error bit in the general purpose input/output register. After VVIO has exceeded the VVIO_th_UV_rise threshold for longer than tPS_ERR_deg, the UV_VIO bit can be cleared with a write command. Note: If the GPIO.VIO_UV bit is 0, the GPIO functionality is enabled and wake-up via GPIO is possible. IC enters sleep mode Set PS_ERR_SLEEP bit in GEN_DIAG register IVREGOUT IVREGOUT_th_OC V VDDC V VDDC_th_UV V VIO V VIO_th_UV deglitch (tPS_ERR_deg ) Set VIO_UV bit in GPIO register deglitch (tPS_ERR_deg ) deglitch (tPS_ERR_deg ) Figure 4 Power supply monitoring The IC ensures wake-up and operation even if any single wire connected to a cell is open in case of failure (assumption: U9P and VS connected on PCB level). If an absolute maximum rating is violated due to an open wire, then performance degradation may occur.

5.2 Electrical characteristics power management unit (PMU)

Table 5 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Internal regulators VREGOUT internal regulator output voltage VVREGOUT 3.3 3.45 3.6 V – PRQ-544 VDDC output voltage VVDDC 2.42 2.5 2.63 V – PRQ-549 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 16 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

5% cell Voltage Measurement
40% NTC current source activated
5% diagnostics (Temperature and RR)
7% communication
43% idle 3. Current to charge-up external interface components not included (see IVS_comm_ext) PRQ-563 U9P sleep mode current IU9P_sleep – 2.5 9.9 µA 1. Typical value at Tj = 25°C 3. Round robin in sleep mode deactivated PRQ-1870 U9P sleep mode current - room temperature IU9P_sleep_R T – 2.5 3.5 µA Tj = 25°C PRQ-1871 U9P idle current IU9P_idle – 2.5 10 µA IC in idle mode PRQ-1872 VS sleep mode leakage current IVS_sleep -1 – 1 µA -40°C < Tj < 85°C PRQ-555 VS idle current IVS_idle – 4.9 6.5 mA IC in idle mode PRQ-557 VREGOUT current consumption multi purpose supply IVREGOUT – – 5 mA No load on VIO PRQ-1373 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 17 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 5 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. VIO current consumption during GPIO communicati on IVIO_comm – – 5 mA No load on VREGOUT PRQ-558 VS current consumption during PCVM, SCVM and BVM measuremen t IVS_meas – 22.5 24 mA 1. PCVM (EN_ALL_ADC = 1) 2. SCVM 3. BVM 4. VIO connected to VREGOUT 5. Including idle consumption IVS_idle PRQ-559 VS current consumption during round robin scheme running IVS_RR – 9.0 11 mA 1. Average current consumption during round robin 2. VIO connected to VREGOUT 3. Including idle consumption IVS_idle 4. NR_TEMP_SENSE ≥ 2, EN_ALL_ADC = 1, CVM_DEL = 0x01 PRQ-560 VS current consumption during communicati on IVS_comm – IVS_idl e_typ + 0.9 IVS_idl e_max + 1.2 mA 1) 1. GPIO communication. 2. Current to charge external interface components not included. PRQ-561 VS current consumption during iso UART communicati on including external interface components IVS_comm_is oU – – IVS_co mm + 7.6 mA 1) 1. Cser = 1 nF 2. BRiso_U = 2 Mbit/s 3. Rser = 39 Ω 4. CisoUART_F = 220 pF 5. Valid for one iso UART interface in TX mode PRQ-562 Protection and Detection VREGOUT overcurrent threshold IVREGOUT_th _OC 31 40 60 mA Tested during idle mode PRQ-545 VIO undervoltage threshold falling VVIO_th_UV_f all 2.2 – 2.76 V – PRQ-546 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 18 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD)

6.1 Functional description

The following events trigger a wake-up: 1. A wake-up pattern received via the iso UART or UART interfaces. The signal alternates with the frequency fWAKEUP. After nWAKE_det signal periods received by the IC, it performs a wake-up. The IC completes the wake-up process within twake. After that the IC forwards the same wake-up signal for nWAKEUP periods. The IC forwards a wake-up signal received via UART to the iso UART interface, a wake-up signal received via iso UART to the adjacent iso UART interface. 2. A round robin sleep timeout. 3. An EMM signal recognized as wake-up signal. The IC generates the wake-up pattern on:

IFL, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface IFH. - (1) indicates the source of wake-up, (2) indicates the propagation on IFL_x
IFH, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface IFL. - (3) indicates the source of wake-up, (4) indicates the propagation on IFH_x
IFL, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface GPIO1/UART_HS. - (5) indicates the source of wake-up, (6) indicates the propagation on IFL_x
IFH, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface GPIO0/UART_LS. - (7) indicates the source of wake-up, (8) indicates the propagation on IFH_x TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 20 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

UART_HS GPIO0/ UART_LS IFL_L IFL_H IFH_L IFH_H RX Sensing IC RX – RX Direction set TX - TX Direction set RX TX GPIO1/ UART_HS GPIO0/ UART_LS IFL_L IFL_H IFH_L IFH_H TX RX RX RX Primary on Top Sensing IC Sleep mode RX GPIO1/ UART_HS GPIO0/ UART_LS IFL_L IFL_H IFH_L IFH_H RX Sensing IC TX - TX Dircetion set RX – RX Direction set TX RX GPIO1/ UART_HS GPIO0/ UART_LS IFL_L IFL_H IFH_L IFH_H RX TX RX RX Primary on Bottom Sensing IC Sleep mode IFL_L IFL_H Sensing IC RX - TX Direction set IFL_L IFL_H TX RX Primary on Top Sensing IC Sleep mode IFH_L IFH_H RX Sensing IC RX – TX Direction set IFH_L IFH_H TX Primary on Bottom (1) (2) (3) (4) IFH_L RX IFH_H IFH_L RX IFH_H IFL_L IFL_HRX IFL_L IFL_HRX (5) (6) (7) (8) Figure 5 Wake-up signal propagation The device configures the communication interface automatically after wake-up. The device configures the iso UART interface of the wake-up signal received as RX during idle mode (no communication) until the next wake-up. The device configures the other iso UART interface as TX in idle mode until the next wake-up. The IC has a 7-bit watchdog counter which is counting downwards. The watchdog counter must be serviced via an UART or iso UART command before it reaches 0. Otherwise the device enters sleep mode. The watchdog counter can be set to maximum tWD_max with a resolution of tWD_LSB, via the watchdog counter register. Note: After the IC wake-up, the watchdog counter is set to its maximum value tWD_max If a longer counter interval is needed, the IC can be put into an extended watchdog mode by setting the operation mode register. In this mode the maximum time until the watchdog counter expires is defined by tWD_EXT_max with a resolution of tWD_EXT_LSB. When the counter expires, the device enters sleep mode. The device provides a free-running 9-bit main counter which is counting upwards and can be checked via the communication interface reading the watchdog counter register. The maximum length is tCount_max with a resolution of tCount_LSB. The precisely timed reading of the main counter gives an indication of the main oscillator speed. If bitfield RR_CONFIG.RR_SYNC is set, then a WDOG_CNT write command resets the main counter. This prepares for a broadcast read of all main counters. After the device wakes up on a standard wake-up signal the device's node ID is set to 0 by default. In this state, the device does not forward any communication. A node ID other than 0 must be set in the address (ID) bits of configuration register before the watchdog timer expires. Only then the device forwards communication. Note: If an EMM signal is received, the device forwards it even though the device is not enumerated. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 21 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

6.2 Electrical characteristics watchdog and wake-up function (WD)

Table 6 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Wake-up function WD wake-up signal frequency fWAKEUP 48 50 1040 kHz – PRQ-572 WD device wake-up time tWAKE 200 370 500 µs 48 kHz wake-up frequency. From the first falling edge of the input pattern to the first edge of the propagated wake-up sequence. PRQ-573 WD wake-up - number of detected periods nWAKE_det 4 – 8 period s – PRQ-574 WD wake-up propagation - length in periods nWAKE 8 – 8 period s – PRQ-575 Watchdog counter WD interval step tWD_LSB 14.5 16 17.8 ms 1) EXT_WD = 0 PRQ-576 WD maximum interval tWD_max 1.8 2.03 2.3 s 1) EXT_WD = 0 PRQ-578 WD interval step - extended tWD_EXT_LSB 13.5 15.0 17 min 1) EXT_WD = 1 PRQ-577 WD maximum interval - extended tWD_EXT_ma x 28.9 31.9 35.5 h 1) EXT_WD = 1 PRQ-579 Main counter WD main counter interval step tCount_LSB 281 292. 305 µs 1) PRQ-580 WD main counter maximum interval tCount_max 144. 149. 156. ms 1) PRQ-581 TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 22 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 23 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

7 Measurement control (MC)

7.1 Functional description

The various voltage measuring modules on the IC follow these rules:

All voltage measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM, BAVM, AVM) can be manually triggered by a communication command.
A triggered measurement sets a lock bit which inhibits a measurement triggered by a cyclical task. The device clears the lock bit after completion of the measurement.
BVM, PCVM and SCVM can be triggered simultaneously.
Bipolar auxiliary voltage measurement (BAVM), PCVM and SCVM can be triggered simultaneously. The IC provides two independent reference voltages which are used with the SD-ADC blocks. 1. PCVM uses reference A. 2. BVM, AVM, and SCVM use reference B. The resolution of the various voltage measurements is Vx_LSB and is defined by the LSB of the digital conversion. x=PCVM; SCVM; AVM; BVM The measurement time tVM of the PCVM, SCVM and BVM is configurable in the measurement control register. PCVM/SCVM uses the cell voltage measurement mode bits, while BVM uses the block/auxiliary bits. Table 7 Voltage measurement modes CVM_Mode/ BVM_Mode [2:0] PCVM/BVM resolution [bit] SCVM resolution [bit] tVM [ms] 111 14 11 tVM_LR 110 16 11 4.68 101 15 11 2.34 100 14 11 1.17 011 13 11 0.59 010 12 11 0.29 001 11 11 0.15 000 10 11 0.07 Note: The resolution of AVM is 10 bit. The resolution of SCVM is 11 bit. tvm of SCVM is adjusted to CVM_MODE configuration. Setting the start bit of a measurement in the measurement control register initiates a voltage measurement. The result of the measurement is the average of the cell voltage over the measurement time and is available in the RESUL T register. The resolution of the measured value (in bit) can be configured using the measurement control register. On completion of a measurement the device clears the corresponding start bit. For manually triggered measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM), the result registers are set to 0 during measurement time tVM and measurement delay time tVM_DEL, except in long-running mode. In long-running mode, the result register is updated after the end of the measurement. The result registers of the voltage measurement keep the results irrespective of internal cyclic diagnostics checks. The configurable delay time tVM_del delays the start of the cell voltage, block voltage and bipolar auxiliary voltage measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM and BAVM) with a resolution of tVM_del_LSB. The maximum delay time is defined by tVM_del_max. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 24 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

If the long-running mode is selected for PCVM and/or BVM by writing the corresponding bits in the measurement control register, the IC measures eight times in a row using the 14-bit measurement mode. If the long-running mode is selected for SCVM by writing the corresponding bits in the measurement control register, the IC performs eight times several 11-bit measurements while the measurement time tVM of a 14-bit measurement. After the long running measurements are finished the PCVM result register contains the average of all 14-bit measurements while the SCVM result register contains the average value of all 11-bit measurements. Each of those measurements starts automatically after the time trestart, for a total measurement time tVM_LR equals tVM_LR = 8 * trestart. The time trestart is defined by the configurable 6-bitfield of the operation mode register with a resolution of trestart_LSB within the range of trestart_range. 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 14-bit meas trestarttVM_del PCVM / BVM tVM_14-bit 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas Measurement start command 8×trestart trestarttVM_del SCVM tVM_14-bit Measurement start command 8×trestart 11-bit meas 11-bit meas Figure 6 Voltage measurement long-running mode

7.2 Electrical characteristics measurement control (MC)

Table 8 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. MC PCVM, BAVM, AVM and BVM ADC sampling frequency fs_ADC 13.4 14 14.5 MHz 1) PRQ-600 MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM propagation delay within IC tVM_prop 2.75 µs - BRGP IO – 3.5 µs - BRGP IO s 1) Time between completion of a received measurement start command and the actual start of the measurement delay time tVM_del. PRQ-592 MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM start delay timer resolution tVM_del_LSB 35.1 36.6 38.1 μs 1) PRQ-593 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 25 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 8 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM start delay timer maximum interval tVM_del_max 1.09 1.13 1.18 ms 1) PRQ-594 MC Voltage measuremen t time tVM – 2m / f s_ADC – s 1) 1. m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 2. Mode: CVM_MODE; BVM_MODE 3. Except for long-running mode PRQ-602 Long-running mode MC long- running mode restart time - 1 trestart_1 1.13 1.17 1.22 ms For LR_TIME = 00H PRQ-1919 MC long- running mode restart time - 2 trestart_2 1.20 1.25 1.3 ms For LR_TIME = 01H PRQ-1920 MC long- running mode restart resolution trestart_LSB 100. 104. 108. µs For LR_TIME > 01H PRQ-1297 MC long- running restart range trestart_rang e 1.13 – 8.03 ms – PRQ-1312 Full scale ranges MC PCVM, SCVM and comparator full-scale range FSRPCVM FSRSCVM FSRComp 0 – 5 V 1) PRQ-623 MC BVM full- scale range FSRBVM 4.75 – 60 V 1) Measured at VU9P - VGND PRQ-1924 MC BAVM full- scale range FSRBAVM -2 – 2 V – PRQ-1387 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 26 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 8 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. MC AVM and TMP full- scale range FSRAVM FSRTMP 0 – 2 V 1) PRQ-792 Measurement resolution MC PCVM resolution VPCVM_LSB – FSRP CVM/ – V 1) m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 PRQ-599 MC SCVM resolution VSCVM_LSB – FSRS CVM / 211 – V 1) PRQ-624 MC BVM resolution VBVM_LSB – FSRB VM / – V 1) m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 PRQ-667 MC BAVM resolution VBAVM_LSB – FSRB AVM/2 m – V 1) m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 PRQ-1388 MC AVM resolution VAVM_LSB – FSRA VM/21 – V 1) PRQ-682 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 27 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM)

8.1 Functional description

The primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) unit of the IC can measure each cell voltage individually and simultaneously using the Un pins. The measured voltage is defined as VPCVM = (VUn+1 - VUn) (0 ≤ n ≤ 8) and is measured with the defined accuracy PCVMERR and a relative accuracy of PCVMERR_rel. The primary cell voltage measurement is initiated by setting the PCVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The primary cell voltage is calculated using: VPCVM [V] = (FSRPCVM / 216) × RESUL T[LSB16] The measurement is triggered by a host controller command synchronously for all cells connected to the IC. These conditions apply:

The maximum start measurement propagation delay is tVM_prop.
The maximum PCVM time deviation between channels within one IC is DevPCVM_IC.
The maximum PCVM time deviation across all ICs in a chain is DevPCVM_chain.
The start of the measurement is delayed by the configurable time tVM_del.
The maximum iso UART propagation delay is tisoU_prop_del. The number of activated cells can be configured in the PART_CONFIG register. With the register minimum value 0000H no cell is activated and with maximum value 0FF8H all 9 cells are activated.

8.2 Electrical characteristics primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM)

Table 9 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Cell sense inputs PCVM differential input current Un IUn_PCVM 18 25 32 µA 1. During PCVM 2. VPCVM = 5 V 3. This differential current flows into Un+1 and has the opposite direction on Un for the channels (0 ≤ n ≤ 9) 4. The typical average value IUn_PCVM = VPCVM / 200 kΩ PRQ-1879 Input leakage current Un IUn_leak -0.6 – 0.6 µA 1. 0 ≤ n ≤ 9 2. In sleep mode and idle mode 3. VUn ≤ 5.5 V PRQ-1895 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 28 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Synchronization timing Maximum PCVM time deviation between channels within IC DevPCVM_IC -0.5 – +0.5 % 1) Deviation between tVM. PRQ-596 Maximum PCVM time deviation across ICs DevPCVM_ch ain Primary cell voltage measurement PCVM relative accuracy initial - RT PCVMERR_i nit Relative accuracy over all devices against each other within the given conditions: 1. 16-bit mode 2. (VUn+1 - VUn) = 4.3 V 3. Tj = 25°C PRQ-1880 PCVM relative accuracy PCVMERR_r el -1 – 1 mV Relative accuracy over all devices against each other within the given conditions: 1. 16-bit mode 2. Δ(VUn+1 - VUn) = 600 mV within 2.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V 3. ΔTj = 10 K within -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 70°C 4. Over a period of t0 and t0+x (x ≤ 12 hours) 4) PRQ-1848 PCVM accuracy EoL - 1 PCVMERR_E OL_1 1. 2.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V 2. Tj = 25°C PRQ-1896 PCVM accuracy EoL - 2 PCVMERR_E OL_2 1. 16-bit mode 2. 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V 3. Tj = 25°C PRQ-1897 PCVM accuracy EoL - 3 PCVMERR_E OL_3 1. 16-bit mode 2. 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V PRQ-1898 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 29 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. PCVM accuracy EoL - 4 PCVMERR_E OL_4 1. 16-bit mode 2. 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V PRQ-1899 PCVM accuracy EoL - 5 PCVMERR_E OL_5 1. 16-bit mode 2. 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V PRQ-1900 PCVM accuracy EoL - 6 PCVMERR_E OL_6 1. 16-bit mode 2. 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V PRQ-1901 PCVM accuracy EoL - 7 PCVMERR_E OL_7 1. 16-bit mode 2. 0.05 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 1 V PRQ-1902 PCVM accuracy EoL - 8 PCVMERR_E OL_8 1. 16-bit mode 2. 4.3 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V PRQ-1903 PCVM accuracy EoL - 9 PCVMERR_E OL_9 1. 16-bit mode 2. 1 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V PRQ-1904 PCVM accuracy EoL - 10 PCVMERR_E OL_10 1. 16-bit mode 2. 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V PRQ-1905 PCVM accuracy EoL - 10-bit PCVMERR_E OL_10bit -15 – 15 mV 3) 6) 1. 10-bit mode PRQ-1881 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 2) Initial accuracy verified by Infineon backend. 3) With 9 cells attached and activated 4) Test condition: The IC is pre assembled on a PCB. A PCVM is started at any time t0 within the device lifetime. The IC is in sleep mode between t0 and t0+x and RR_ERR_CNT .RR_SLEEP_CNT bitfield is 000H. 5) Lower resolution has additional quantization error e.g. additional PCVMERR_EOL ± 2 LSB[m]; m bits: 14 ≤ m ≤ 15 TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 30 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Please contact Infineon for more details for other ADC resolutions. 6) End-of-Life (EoL) accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 31 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

9 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM)

9.1 Functional description

The device includes a secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) unit. The measured voltage VSCVM = (VGn - VUn) (0 ≤ n ≤ 8) is measured with the accuracy SCVMERR_EOL and a resolution of VSCVM_LSB. The secondary cell voltage measurement is initiated by setting the SCVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The secondary cell voltage is calculated using: VSCVM [V] = (FSRSCVM / 211) × RESUL T[LSB11] The SCVM unit can measure the voltage of at least one cell simultaneously with the primary cell voltage measurement within tVM_prop. At least one cell must be enabled in the SCVM configuration register. The corresponding cells for SCVM must also be activated in the PART_CONFIG register. Note: A binary search algorithm follows the highest and the lowest cell voltage of all cells enabled in the SCVM_CONFIG register for each sample. Within the sampling time 1/fs_SCVM_ADC both voltages are sampled once. The SCVM averages all samples of the lowest and all samples of the highest voltage over the entire measurement time. A 2-bit update counter in each SCVM register, SCVM lowest cell voltage and SCVM highest cell voltage, indicates the availability of a new secondary cell voltage measurement. After the measurement time, the SCVM needs additional time tSCVM_ave to calculate the average results. After tSCVM_ave, the value of the highest voltage measured by the SCVM is stored in the SCVM highest cell voltage register. The lowest voltage is stored in SCVM lowest cell voltage register, respectively. Note: If a single cell is measured, then calculate the average of the two results registers to improve filtering.

9.2 Electrical characteristics secondary cell voltage measurement

(SCVM) Table 10 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Cell sensing inputs SCVM differential input current Gn IGn_SCVM – 7 10 μA 1) 1. Average during SCVM 2. VSCVM = 5 V 3. This differential current flows into Gn and has the opposite direction on Un for channels 0 ≤ n ≤ 8 PRQ-1883 Input leakage current Gn IGn_leak -1.0 – 1.0 µA 1. 0 ≤ n ≤ 8 2. In sleep mode and idle mode 3. VGn ≤ 5.5 V PRQ-1884 Synchronization timing SCVM to PCVM time deviation DevSCVM_PC VM -0.5 – +0.5 % Within one IC, the maximum deviation between SCVM (11-bit) time and PCVM (11- bit) time. PRQ-622 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 32 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 10 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. SCVM data averaging time tSCVM_ave 286 298 311 µs PRQ-1390 Secondary cell voltage measurement SCVM ADC sampling frequency fs_SCVM_ADC – fs_AD C / 64 – MHz 2) PRQ-625 SCVM accuracy EoL - limited range SCVMERR_E OL_1 -19 – 19 mV 3) 1. 2.7 V ≤ (VGn - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V PRQ-626 SCVM accuracy EoL SCVMERR_E OL_2 -28 – 28 mV 3) 1. 1 V ≤ (VGn - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V PRQ-627 Maximum deviation between PCVM and SCVM Δ PCVM_vs_SCV M -25 – 25 mV 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V PRQ-1305 Analog undervoltage and overvoltage comparators Comparator resolution FSRVComp_ LSB – FSRC omp / 210 – V 2) PRQ-629 Comparator accuracy - limited range COMPERR_1 -30 – 30 mV 1. (VGn - VUn) = 3.6 V 2. -40ºC ≤ Tj ≤ 25ºC PRQ-1300 Comparator accuracy COMPERR_2 -50 – 50 mV 1. 1 V < (VGn - VUn) < 4.7 V PRQ-630 Comparator sampling frequency fCOMP 1 – – MHz 2) PRQ-632 Comparator checking time tcomp – 210 / fs_AD C – µs 2) PRQ-635 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 2) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 3) End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 33 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

10 Block voltage measurement (BVM)

10.1 Functional description

The IC can measure the sum total voltage of all the cells connected to the device using separate pins, called block voltage. The block voltage VBVM = (VU9P - VGND) is measured with the accuracy BVMERR_EOL and a configurable resolution of VBVM_LSB. The block voltage measurement is initiated by setting the BVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The block voltage is calculated: VBVM [V] = (FSRBVM / 216) × RESUL T_BVM [LSB16]

10.2 Electrical characteristics block voltage measurement (BVM)

Table 11 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Cell sense inputs BVM input current U9P IU9P_BVM – 280 400 µA 1) During BVM PRQ-1886 Block voltage measurement Maximum BVM to PCVM time deviation within IC DevBVM_PCV M_IC -0.5 – +0.5 % 2) Deviation between BVM tVM and PCVM tVM with the same resolution setting. PRQ-670 Maximum BVM time deviation across ICs DevBVM_cha in -4 – 4 % 2) Deviation between BVM tVM over all ICs with the same resolution setting. PRQ-671 BVM accuracy EoL - 1 BVMERR_EO L_1 -50 – 50 mV 3) 1. 14-bit to 16-bit mode 2. 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 38.7 V PRQ-1915 BVM accuracy EoL - 2 BVMERR_EO L_2 -55 – 55 mV 3) 1. 14-bit to 16-bit mode 2. 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 45 V PRQ-1914 BVM accuracy EoL - 10 Bit BVMERR_10 Bit -250 – 110 mV 1) 3) 1. 10-bit mode 2. 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 45 V PRQ-1916 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 34 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 11 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. BVM versus sum of PCVM relative accuracy EoL BVMERR_vs_ PCVM BVME RR_EO L_2_m in + 9 PCV MERR _EOL_ 6_min – BVME RR_EO L_2_m ax + 9 PCV MERR _EOL_ 6_max mV 14-bit to 16-bit mode PRQ-1917 Relative ADC error margin - sum of PCVM versus BVM EoL ERRPCVM_B VM_10bit -78 – 78 mV 1. 10-bit mode 3. 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V 4. Plausibility check as part of the round robin scheme PRQ-1851 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 2) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 3) End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 35 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

11 Auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM)

11.1 Functional description

The IC also provides the possibility to measure other voltages, called auxiliary voltage measurement. The auxiliary voltage VAVMz = (VTMPz - VTMP_GND ), (0 ≤ z ≤ 4) is measured with the accuracy AVMERR_EOL and a resolution of VAVM_LSB. The auxiliary voltage measurement is initiated by setting the AVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The auxiliary voltage is calculated using: VAVMz [V] = (FSRAVM / 210) × RESUL T [LSB10] Additional to the unipolar AVM the device can be configured to measure a bipolar voltage applied on the TMP3 and TMP4 pins instead. The voltage VBAVM = (VTMP4- VTMP3) is measured with the accuracy BAVMERR_EOL and a configurable resolution of VBAVM_LSB. The BAVM measurement is enabled by setting the AVM_CONFIG.AUX_BIPOLAR bitfield, the resolution is set by the MEAS_CTRL.BVM_MODE and the measurement is triggered by the MEAS_CTRL.BVM_START bit. The BAVM measurement result is stored in the BVM result register. The bipolar voltage is calculated using: VBAVM = (BVM.RESUL T[signed LSB15] × 2 V) / 215[LSB15] Note: Either BVM or BAVM can be performed synchronized to the PCVM/SCVM. All external temperature measurement channels can be selected to be measured by the AVM function: To measure an auxiliary voltage using a TMP channel, the temperature measurement function must be disabled in the temperature measurement configuration register. Since only one auxiliary voltage can be measured at a time, the configured auxiliary channels are measured sequentially.

11.2 Electrical characteristics auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM)

Table 12 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. AVM accuracy EoL AVMERR_EO L -10 – 10 mV 1) 1. 10-bit mode 2. 0.1 V ≤ VAVMy ≤ 1.95 V PRQ-684 BAVM accuracy EoL BAVMERR_E OL -3.3 – 3.3 mV 1) 1. 14-bit to 16-bit mode 2. -2 V ≤ VTMP3/4 ≤ 2 V PRQ-1389 BAVM accuracy EoL - long- running mode BAVMERR_E OL_LR BAV MERR _EOL - 14.7 – BAV MERR _EOL 14.7 mV 1. Long-running mode 2. -2 V ≤ VTMP3/4 ≤ 2 V PRQ-1829 1) End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 36 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP)

12.1 Functional description

The temperature measurement unit provides the possibility to measure up to five external temperature NTCs as well as two internal temperature sensors and provides the results in the corresponding temperature registers. A valid bit, which is cleared after readout, indicates a new measurement result in both cases. The NTCs are measured with an accuracy of NTCERR whilst the internal sensor accuracy is defined by TERR_int_abs. TMP0 TMP4 I0 I1 I2 I3 NTC0 NTC4 ITMP 0/2/4 EXT_TEMP_0.RESULT EXT_TEMP_1.RESULT EXT_TEMP_2.RESULT EXT_TEMP_3.RESULT EXT_TEMP_4.RESULT 13th SD-ADC Optionally set via TEMP_MUX_DIAG_SEL bitfield C TMPz RPD_on RPD_on TMP0 TMP1 TMP2 TMP3 TMP4 1 2 VDDA I0: ITMPz_0 I1: ITMPz_1 I2: ITMPz_2 I3: ITMPz_3 RDIAG_320 I0 I1 I2 I3 ITMP 1/3 1 2 VDDA Device RDIAG RTMPz Optional filter RDIAG RDIAG_5 EXT_TEMP_R_DIAG.RESULT Automatic source selection to maximize ADC resolution ITMPz_x à ITMPz_(x + 1) if RESULT > TH src_overflow ITMPz_x à ITMPz_(x - 1) if RESULT < TH src_underflow Figure 7 External temperature measurement If not all provided measurement channels are needed, unused channels must be deactivated in the temperature configuration register. Note: The TMP channels must be connected in consecutive order starting with TMP0. Deactivated channels can be used as AVM inputs. The internal temperature measurement as well as the measurement of the selected NTC channels are triggered via the internal round robin. Within three round robin cycles all NTCs are updated. Note: The first round robin after wake-up does not measure any NTC. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 37 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

tRR e.g. 50ms tsettle TMP2/3tsettle TMP1/0 tsettle TMP3/2 tRR e.g. 50ms tsettle TMP0/1 tRR e.g. 50ms Round RobinNR_TEMP_SENSE = 100 B NR_EXT_TEMP_START = 000 B Alternating channel measurement order within round robin. Always first measured channel used for further diagnosis checks (pull-down & RDIAG) Figure 8 TMP triggering To measure an external NTC, the device provides four selectable internal current sources ITMPz_x (0 ≤ z ≤ 4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3). The device automatically identifies which one of the four sources is the best one to use in the next round robin for each NTC channel individually by using the overflow and underflow thresholds THSrc_overflow and THSrc_underflow. Current source ITMPz_1 is selected first. If, for example, an overflow is detected, the next lower source is selected. A valid result is available (or NTC short/open is detected) after maximum three round robin cycles per activated NTC channel. Note: The source is activated prior to the measurement. The time is defined by tsettle. For every TMP channel, a result register is available. The results register contains the following information:

The result of the measurement.
The used current source.
The valid bit is set to indicate a new measurement. Reading the result clears the valid bit.
Whether the pull-down of this channel was activated.
Whether a pull-down error occurred. The NTC resistor value is calculated by using the voltage measurement result and the selected current source. RNTC [Ω] = (EXT_TEMP_z.RESUL T [LSB10] × FSRTMP [V] × 4EXT_TEMP_z.INTC ) / (210 × 320 µA) - RTMP; INTC = 0 to 3 (used current source). To check if the temperature measurement unit works correctly the IC performs internal diagnostics checks as part of the round robin: 1. It measures an internal diagnostics resistor RDIAG with the current source ITMPz_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 4) used for TMPz. 2. It activates the pull down switch of the selected TMP channel after the measurement and it measures the channel again. The measured value is then compared with the expected value RPD_ON. An open wire or increased resistance value can be detected and is indicated by setting the GEN_DIAG.EXT_T_ERR (external temperature error). Note: Only one TMP channel is checked per RR cycle (channel that was measured first during RR). The pull down resistor can be activated by setting the corresponding bits in the auxiliary voltage measurement configuration register The device checks whether an overtemperature condition at the NTC exists by comparing the voltage measurement result against the external overtemperature threshold. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 38 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

The 10-bit overtemperature threshold is configurable with a resolution of VTMP_LSB using the external overtemperature threshold bits of the temperature measurement configuration register TEMP_CONF.EXT_OT_THR. Note: In order to ensure the detection of an external overtemperature, the overtemperature threshold must be defined within the range of 250 to 800 (LSB10). The device additionally checks if an overtemperature condition on at least one of the internal temperature sensors exists by comparing the measurement result against internal overtemperature threshold which is valid for both sensors. The 10-bit overtemperature threshold is configurable with a resolution of Tint_LSB using the internal overtemperature threshold bits of the internal temperature measurement configuration register INT_OT_WARN_CONF.INT_OT_THR (recommended value: Tj = 150°C). If the overtemperature threshold is reached, the device disables the balancing function and sets the internal overtemperature warning flag. The junction temperature Tj can be calculated using the formula: Temperature [°C] = -Tint_LSB × INT_TEMP_x.RESUL T + 547.3, (1 ≤ x ≤ 2)

12.2 Electrical characteristics temperature measurement (TMP)

Table 13 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Internal temperature sensor TMP internal temperature resolution Tint_LSB – 0.66 – K 1) PRQ-787 TMP internal temperature accuracy EoL absolute TERR_int_abs -10 – 10 °C – PRQ-788 External temperature sensors TMP measuremen t resolution VTMP_LSB – FSRT MP/2 – V – PRQ-1303 TMP measuremen t accuracy - 1 TMPERR_1 -2 – 2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 1.22 kΩ to 390 kΩ PRQ-789 TMP measuremen t accuracy - 2 TMPERR_2 -4.2 – 4.2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 610 Ω to 1.22 kΩ PRQ-790 TMP measuremen t accuracy - 3 TMPERR_3 -6.2 – 6.2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 400 Ω to 610 Ω PRQ-791 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 39 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 13 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. TMP pull- down switch on-state resistance RPD_on – – 400 Ω – PRQ-797 TMP source selection overflow threshold THsrc_overfl ow – 1000 – LSB10 1) PRQ-803 TMP source selection underflow threshold THsrc_underf low – 200 – LSB10 1) PRQ-804 TMP current source activation before RR starts tsettle 38.4 40 41.8 + tvm ms 1) tRR > tsettle PRQ-777 TMP measuremen t current source 3 ITMPz_3 4.5 5 5.5 μA 1. 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 2. Within FSRTMP PRQ-868 TMP measuremen t current source 2 ITMPz_2 19.0 20 21.1 μA 1. 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 2. Within FSRTMP PRQ-869 TMP measuremen t current source 1 ITMPz_1 75.9 80 84.1 μA 1. 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 2. Within FSRTMP PRQ-870 TMP measuremen t current source 0 ITMPz_0 304. 320 336. μA 1. 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 2. Within FSRTMP PRQ-871 TMP internal diagnostics resistor source 0_320uA RDIAG_320 3.82 5.1 6.37 kΩ – PRQ-799 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 40 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

13 Cell balancing (CB)

13.1 Functional description

The IC supports balancing of each cell in the cell stack individually in any combination including all channels in parallel with a balancing current per cell of IBAL. Overview of balancing current for one cell: V cell0 C F R F R F R BAL C FB V cell1 C F R F R BAL C FB V cell2 C F R F R BAL C FB R F V cell8 C F R F R BAL C FB R F U9P GND IBAL R F × IBAL Figure 9 Passive balancing To activate cell balancing, the respective bit in the balancing settings register can bet set for each cell individually. If the PBOFF bit in the measurement control register is set, then the IC pauses balancing automatically. The balancing is paused for the duration of a PCVM/SCVM/BVM measurement (tVM + tVM_del) so that the cell voltage measurement is not corrupted by any ongoing balancing. V CELL V CELL - IBAL × R F V Un -V Un-1 tVM_del Voltage Measurement tVM Start Balancing Command Start Cell voltage Measurement Command Balancing ON Balancing PAUSED Balancing ON Commands from host controller MEAS_CTRL.PBOFF ="1" MEAS_CTRL.CVM_DEL = "1" Figure 10 Balancing and cell voltage measurement TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 42 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

The IC can balance each cell for an individual period of time, without necessary periodic WDOG communication. The individual time tBAL is compared to the balancing counter. tBAL is defined by tBAL_OFFn_LSB with a maximum interval defined by tBAL_OFFn_max. The balancing of each cell is active until the balancing counter reaches the cell individual threshold. If the extended watchdog function is enabled and a write command to the communication watchdog register is performed, then the balancing timer counter starts. The device deactivates time goal balancing as soon as the counter reaches the individual threshold tBAL. The IC supports a PWM balancing function with the period of tRR and a PWM step size of tBAL_PWM_LSB. The function can be configured via the communication interfaces by the host controller. If balancing for one or more cells is activated, then the device activates the balancing switch during the on-time of the PWM and deactivates it during the off-time of the PWM. Other functions such as the voltage measurement and round robin task can overrule the PWM balancing function. VCELL VCELL - IBAL × RF VUn -VUn-1 tVM_del Voltage Measurement tVM Set duty cycle and start balancing Start Cell voltage Measurement Command balancing “on”balancing “off” balancing “on” Commands from host controller MEAS_CTRL.PBOFF ="1" MEAS_CTRL.CVM_DEL = "1" tRR x × tBAL_PWM_LSB tRR x × tBAL_PWM_LSB balancing “off” RR tRR RR balancing “on”balancing “off” Figure 11 PWM balancing function Balancing is available in PCVM/SCVM long-running mode. If the PBOFF bit is set, then the device pauses cell balancing during the delay time of the measurement and during the measurement itself. Note: Only if tvm_del + tvm_14bit < trestart. In addition to the internal passive balancing function, the IC also supports the use of an external passive balancing device. It is recommended to connect a PMOS logic level type device to the corresponding Gn pin as an external balancing device. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 43 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #8 Ref. A Chan. #7 ΔΣ ADC 16bit U9P C FB C FB CELL CELL R F R F Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #1 Ref. A Chan. #0 ΔΣ ADC 16bit R B GND R F Cell Supervision Circuit PCB C U9P GND C F C F R F C FB C F C FB C EMC C EMC C EMC C EMC C EMC C EMC C EMC R BAL R B R BAL R B R BAL R B R BAL R OC/UC R OC/UC R OC/UC R OC/UC R OC/UC R OC/UC in case of balancing diagnosis needed Sensing IC R U9P Figure 12 External balancing device The IC supports overcurrent and undercurrent diagnostics for the external balancing device, using an additional resistor ROC/UC. Note: For the calculation of the overcurrent and undercurrent thresholds the voltage drop IBAL × ROC/UC is used. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 44 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

13.2 Electrical characteristics cell balancing (CB)

Table 14 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. CB balancing switch on- state resistance - 1 RBAL_on_1 1.5 2.6 5.0 Ω 1. 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V 2. IBAL ≤ 150 mA PRQ-643 CB balancing switch on- state resistance - 2 RBAL_on_2 1.6 2.8 5.6 Ω 1. 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V 2. 150 mA < IBAL ≤ 200 mA PRQ-1849 CB balancing current IBAL – – 200 mA 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V PRQ-645 Passive balancing timer CB Individual balancing time interval step tBAL_OFFn_L SB 7.24 7.54 7.85 min 1. 1 ≤ n ≤ 9 2. EXT_WD = 1 PRQ-1889 CB Individual balancing timer maximum interval tBAL_OFFn_ max 3.74 3.9 4.06 h 1. 1 ≤ n ≤ 9 2. EXT_WD = 1, no WDOG timeout 3. 5-bit counter PRQ-1888 PWM balancing CB balancing PWM step size tBAL_PWM_L SB – tRR / – ms 1) PRQ-1363 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 45 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

14 Cell diagnostics (CD)

14.1 Functional description

The IC provides automatic open wire and open load detection for each wire connected to a cell. The device performs the detection by a voltage measurement while sinking the current IOL_DIAG into the balancing pin during a round robin cycle. It checks the odd channels in the first cycle and the even channels in the subsequent cycle. If the delta voltage ((VUn+1 - VUn) before OL compared to (VUn+1 - VUn) during OL) is not between the minimum and maximum open load threshold, then a failure is detected. The open wire and open load- detection threshold can be configured with a resolution of OLthr_LSB until the maximum threshold of OLthr_max is reached using the cell voltage thresholds register. Diagnostics Balancing V celln C F R F C FB OL_DIAG BAL_ON Un+1 Gn UnR F V OL_THR R BAL IOL_DIAG Broken wire Figure 13 Open wire and open load diagnostics detection schematic If the device detects an open wire or open load, then it indicates it in the corresponding bitfield of the diagnostics open load register as well as in the open load error bit of the general diagnostic register. tVM_del + tVM U X -U X-1 OL_THR_MIN OL_THR_MAX V CELL Odd Cells OL diag tVM_del + tVM U Y -U Y-1 V CELL IOL_diag × R F Even channelsOdd channels Even Cells OL diag tVM_del + tVM Block (BVM) Cells (PCVM 10Bit) OL_THR _MIN OL_THR _MAX tVM tVM_del tVM IOL_diag × R F Odd PCVM (10Bit) Even PCVM (10Bit) tVM_del tVM_del Figure 14 Open wire and open load diagnostics detection process TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 46 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

For OL_THR_MIN=0, no OL error is detected if the cell voltage is not decreased during activated OL current. For OL_THR_MAX=0, no OL error is detected if the cell voltage is decreased more than the value in the OL_THR_MAX register. As part of the round robin the device performs a balancing overcurrent and an undercurrent check for each cell for which the balancing function is active. The overcurrent threshold OCthr and the undercurrent threshold UCthr is configurable with a resolution of CDthr_LSB until the maximum threshold of OCthr_max or UCthr_max respectively is reached using the balancing current threshold register. If the device detects an balancing overcurrent or balancing undercurrent error, then it deactivates balancing. It reports error details in the BAL_DIAG_OC/BAL_DIAG_UC result register and summarized in the GEN_DIAG.BAL_ERR_OC/BAL_ERR_UC bitfields. By setting the configuration bit OP_MODE.I_DIAG_EN, the device discharges all configured channels with the diagnostics current IOL_DIAG regardless of the BAL_SETTINGS register and independent of round robin.

14.2 Electrical characteristics cell diagnostics (CD)

Table 15 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Open load CD sink current for open load detection IOL_DIAG 10 15 18.3 mA 0.75 V < (VGn - VUn) < 5 V PRQ-650 CD open load threshold resolution OLthr_LSB – 19.5 – mV 1) PRQ-652 CD open load threshold maximum value OLthr_max – 1.23 – V 1) PRQ-651 Overcurrent & undercurrent CD balancing overcurrent or undercurrent error threshold resolution CDthr_LSB – 19.5 – mV 1) PRQ-655 CD maximum balancing overcurrent error threshold OCthr_max – 4.98 – V 1) 1. OC_thr = overcurrent threshold 2. IOC_thr = OC_THR [V] / RF PRQ-653 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 47 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 15 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. CD maximum balancing undercurrent error threshold UCthr_max – 4.98 – V 1) 1. UC_thr = undercurrent threshold 2. IUC_thr = UC_THR [V] / RF PRQ-654 CD balancing overcurrent detection time max ms 1) Equivalent to maximum round robin cycle time if the error counter is disabled (which is the default value, M_NR_ERR_BAL_OC = PRQ-646 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 48 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

15 General-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM)

15.1 Functional description

The device provides individual GPIOq/PWMp (0 ≤ q ≤ 1, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1) pins which can be used for digital input or digital output. After receiving a wake-up signal via iso UART , GPIOq can be used as GPIOs. A wake-up signal via UART sets the GPIOq pins to act as interface pins. PWMp can be used as GPIO or be configured to act as PWM unit. PWMp can be configured to act as PWM outputs using the GPIO register. The period TPWM and the duty cycle DPWM can be configured with their respective resolution TPWM_LSB and DPWM_LSB.

15.2 Electrical characteristics general-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM)

Table 16 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. GPIO/PWM period resolution TPWM_LSB – 2 – µs Bitfield with 5 bits. PRQ-1338 GPIO/PWM duty cycle resolution DPWM_LSB – 3.57 – % 1. Bitfield with 5 bits. 2. 100% DC = 11100B PRQ-1339 GPIO/PWM input "low" level VGPIOq_low VPWMp_low 0 – VVIO × 0.3 V 1. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 2. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-1393 GPIO/PWM input "high" level VGPIOq_high VPWMp_high VVIO × 0.7 – VVIO V 1. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 2. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-825 GPIO/PWM output "low" level VGPIOq_low VPWMp_low 0 – 0.45 V 1. IGPIO ≤ 5 mA 2. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 3. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-826 GPIO/PWM output high level VGPIOq_high VPWMp_high VVIO - 0.45 – VVIO V 1. IGPIO ≥ -5 mA 2. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 3. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-827 GPIO/PWM output current IGPIOq IPWMp -5 – 5 mA 1. Current capability of GPIO/PWM output 2. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 3. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-829 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 49 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 16 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. External capacitance on GPIOq/ PWMp CGPIOq CPWMp – – 30 pF 1) 1. 0 ≤ q ≤ 1 2. 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 PRQ-830 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 50 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

16 Communication

16.1 Functional description

The device supports the following communication interfaces. 1. UART 2. iso UART iso UART communications allows to stack multiple devices. The device can be used in different configurations:

Direct connection via UART , for low voltage applications
Primary on bottom (PoB) communication with EMM function
Primary on top (PoT) communication with EMM function
Ring communication with EMM function Battery Stack transformer transformer Normal Communication: RING mode Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC HV+ HV- Sensing IC CSC IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller TransceiverIC IFL IFH Sensing IC CSC Battery Stack Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC HV+ HV- Sensing IC CSC Normal Communication: PoT IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller TransceiverIC transformer IFL Sensing IC CSC Battery Stack Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC Sensing IC CSC HV+ HV- UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller TransceiverIC Sensing IC CSC transformer Normal Communication: PoB IFH IFL IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH Figure 15 Communication configurations The IC communication direction is determined during a wake-up cycle. The device configures the iso UART interface or the UART interface, which receives the wake-up pattern, as RX. The device configures the other interface as TX. To change the direction and consequently the pins, the device must be put to sleep and woken up again. There is a reply delay treply_delay, which determines the time between the last stop bit of the read/write command (incoming command from the primary) and the first falling edge of the reply frame from the secondary. The device forwards a received message to the next device in the system. The time between receiving and forwarding the message depends upon the receiving interface:
Receiving on UART and forwarding on iso UART: tUART_isoU_del
Receiving on iso UART and forwarding on iso UART: tisoU_prop_del
Receiving on iso UART and forwarding on UART: tUART_isoU_del TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 51 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) BMS_IC_#1 microcontroller Transceiver BMS_IC_#2 BMS_IC_#3 BMS_IC_#4 treply_delay Pass through delay tisoUART_prop_del REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) Pass through delay tisoUART_prop_del IFL IFH UARTUART IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH Assuming 4 secondaries with PoB configuration, communication with BMS_IC_#3 Ring Mode (dotted lines) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) Figure 16 Communication propagation delays iso UART waveform specification 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 iodin A tpulsein s Overdrive current Pulse correctly detected Pulse not detected Figure 17 iso UART waveform specification TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 52 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

16.1.1 Register write modes

There are the following approaches for writing content into the device:

Direct write: Writes a single register in a single device.
Broadcast write: Writes a single register in all devices in the same stack with one write command. With broadcast write, each device of the chain first writes data. On successful write it switches its RX and TX units to allow the reply frame to be transferred. The last device in the chain (final node) initiates the reply frame and the device switch their RX and TX units back to their initial state.

16.1.2 Communication frames

UART and iso UART communication consists of sending or retrieving sets of frames. A frame consists of 8 bits preceded by a start bit and followed by a stop bit. The following frames are available:

Synchronization frame
ID frame
Address frame
Data frames
CRC frame
Reply frame Note: Frames start with the most significant bit (MSB). Synchronization frame The communication is always initiated by sending a fixed synchronization frame. Sync frame 10111100 00 Start Bit Stop Bit MSB Figure 18 Synchronization frame ID frame The ID frame defines, which device receives the message. It also determines the type of command. ID[5:0] 1xxxxxx0 0x ID frame W/R Start Bit Stop Bit MSB Figure 19 ID frame Table 17 Bit assignment ID frame ID frame bits Function W/R[7] 1: Write command 0: Read command ID[5:0] 000000: Default x: ID 111111: Broadcast command TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 53 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Note: The ID 00H is only available after reset, before enumeration. The ID 3FH is exclusively used for broadcast commands. Address frame The address frame determines which register is affected by the read or write command. Addr[7:0] 1xxxxxx0 xx Address frame Start Bit Stop Bit MSB Figure 20 Address frame Data frame The data frame contains the sent or retrieved data. Data[15:8] 1xxxxxx0 xx Data frame #2 Data[7:0] 1xxxxxx0 xx Data frame #1 Start Bit Stop Bit MSB Figure 21 Data frames CRC frame For read and write commands, an 8-bit CRC protection conforming to SAE J1850 for the entire message including the synchronization frame is calculated and appended to the frames. 8-bit polynomial: G(z) = z8 + z4 + z3 + z2 + 1 (initial value = FFH; XOR value = FFH) CRC[7:0] 1xxxxxx0 xx CRC frame Start Bit Stop Bit MSB Figure 22 CRC frame Note: If the device encounters an invalid CRC, it neither accepts the message nor replies to it. Reply frame The device acknowledges a received write command with a reply frame. In case of a broadcast write command only the last device in the chain generates the reply frame. Status 1xxxxxx0 xx Reply frame Start Bit Stop Bit Res CRC MSB Figure 23 Reply frame The message reply frame is protected by a 3-bit CRC calculated as: G(z) = z3 + z +1. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 54 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 18 Bit assignment reply frame Reply-Frame Function bit[7:6] Res [1:0] Reserved bit[5] Status [2] 0: Write command successfully transmitted 1: CRC checked register error bit[4] Status [1] 0: Register address for write command valid 1: Register address for write command invalid bit[3] Status [0] 0: No fault in general diagnostics register 1: Fault in general diagnostics register bit[2:0] CRC [2:0] 3-bit reply CRC

16.1.3 Register read modes

There are the following approaches for reading content from the device:

Direct read: Read a single register from a single IC.
Broadcast read: Read a single register from all ICs in the same stack with one read command.
Multi read: Read multiple registers from a single IC. The read command for multiple registers is configurable in the multi read register MUL TI_READ_CFG and can read the following measurement results with one read command of the MUL TI_READ register: - PCVM - BVM - SCVM - External temperature measurement - Internal temperature measurement - RDIAG measurement

16.2 Electrical characteristics communication

Table 19 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. GPIO/PWM physical layer UART to iso UART propagation delay tUART_isoU_ del – 25 60 ns Propagation delay from UART to iso UART PRQ-828 GPIO bit rate BRGPIO 0.97 2 2.1 Mbit/s – PRQ-831 UART broadcast read bus release time BRGP IO s Time to wait before sending a new command after end of broadcast read reply PRQ-1909 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 55 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 19 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. UART read, write, broadcast write, multiread release time tUART_rel – – 3 × BRGP IO s Time to wait before sending a new command after end of read/write/ broadcast write/multiread reply PRQ-1910 iso UART physical layer iso UART current threshold "high" IisoU_th_high 2.25 4.5 6.5 mA (IIFx_H - IIFx_L) / 2 IIFx_H: Current in the iso UART high pin IIFx_L: Current in the iso UART low pin PRQ-832 iso UART current threshold "low" IisoU_th_low -6.5 -4.5 -2.25 mA (IIFx_H - IIFx_L) / 2 IIFx_H: Current in the iso UART high pin IIFx_L: Current in the iso UART low pin PRQ-833 iso UART propagation delay tisoU_prop_d el – 25 70 ns 1) Propagation delay from IFH to IFL and IFL to IFH PRQ-834 iso UART overdrive current Iod 3 – – mA 2) with tpulse = 38 ns PRQ-1370 Reply delay time treply_delay 0 1.7 3 μs 2) internal reply delay time of one IC PRQ-837 iso UART bit rate BRisoU 0.97 2 2.1 Mbit/s – PRQ-838 Series resistor value Rser 37.0 39 40.9 Ω 2) 3) PRQ-836 Series capacitor value Cser 0.95 1 1.05 nF 2) 3) PRQ-835 Transceiver Ron @100mA RON 19 22 27 Ω – PRQ-1845 1) Tested with standard external circuit (Cser, Rser). 2) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. 3) External RC network needs to be adjusted depending on the application constraints, for example cable length. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 56 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

17 Round robin (RR)

17.1 Functional description

The device automatically performs a round robin (RR) scheme, which triggers several measurements as well as internal diagnostics to check for possible faults independently of any communication commands. The setting of the partition configuration register determines, which cells are measured and diagnosed. Note: To manually start a round robin cycle, use the RR_CONFIG.RR_SYNC bitfield and then perform a write command to WD_CNT . The automatic round robin diagnostic cycle is performed periodically every tRR. The period is configurable from tRR_min to tRR_max with a resolution of tRR_LSB. The duration of the actual diagnostic checks is defined by tRR_duration. Note: The first round robin cycle is performed immediately after each IC wake-up. If the WD_CNT command is missing or delayed for > tRR, then in RR_SYNC mode the RR is performed automatically after tRR. The IC wakes up periodically from sleep mode to perform one RR cycle on a programmable periodical basis with an interval tRR_sleep from tRR_sleep_min to tRR_sleep_max with a resolution of tRR_sleep_LSB. If the number of NTCs is > 0, then two RR schemes are executed after wake-up before the IC returns to sleep mode. RR RR RRRRRR tRR RR RR tRR_sleep tRR tRR tRR Normal Mode Sleep Mode RR RR Figure 24 Round robin diagnostics timing during sleep mode The following measurements are performed once during one round robin cycle in the following sequence: 1. Temperature measurements of both internal temperature sensors 2. ADC stress sensor compensation measurements and calculation 3. PCVM (10-bit) for all activated cells 4. BVM (10-bit) 5. NTC resistance measurement 6. NTC diagnostic measurements Note: To measure all connected NTCs up to three cycles might be needed. The result registers of PCVM and BVM are not updated. During a round robin the following checks are performed subsequent to the corresponding measurements, if set active. 1. Internal overtemperature check 2. The sum of all PCVMs is compared to the block voltage for a plausibility check 3. Cell voltage overvoltage and undervoltage check. If the voltage of a cell violates the programmed threshold (identified either by the digital or the analog comparator) 4. Open load diagnostic for all voltage sensing and balancing pins 5. Balancing overcurrent and undercurrent check for each cell where the balancing function is active 6. NTC overtemperature check 7. NTC diagnostics checks Each fault detected in a RR check increases the respective error counter by 1. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 57 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

meas. 2 (10Bit) delay BVM (10Bit) PCVM (10Bit) delay OL ODD PCVM (10Bit) delay OL EVEN PCVM (10Bit) delay Bal. OC/UC ODD PCVM (10Bit) delay Bal. OC/UC EVEN PCVM (10Bit)Compensation measurements Comparator OV/UV check tVM_del tVM tVM_del tVM tVM_del tVM tVM_del tVM tVM_del tVMtVM tcomp OL diag. check EVEN channels TMPy current source selection TMPy Sc/Oc/OT1 checks OV/UV check & ADC error check Bal. OC/UC diag. check EVEN channels TMPx used current source RDIAG meas. Bal. OC/UC diag. only performed for channels with balancing state ON in BAL_SETTINGS register Internal temp. 2 OT check tRR_duration OL diag. check ODD channels TMPx current source selection TMPx Sc/Oc/OT1 checks Bal. OC/UC diag. check ODD channels TMPx pull-down diagnosis check TMPx TMPy 1Sc/Oc/OT =short circuit / open circuit / over temperature TMPx pull- down check TMPx used source RDIAG meas. Internal temperature meas. 1 (10Bit) tVM Internal temp. 1 OT check Figure 25 RR task timing diagram During a round robin cycle, the connections on the activated TMPz channels are checked for open or short conditions. If it detects an open or short failure, then the corresponding fault bit in the external overtemperature warning register is set. Additionally, the external temperature error bit of the general diagnostics register is set. If the measured NTC value violates the corresponding thresholds, then an error flag is set. NTC_openthr ≤ EXT_TEMP_z.RESUL T ≤ NTC_shortthr Clearing the external temperature error bit of the general diagnostics register resets the external overtemperature warning register. Note: RR_ERR_CNT .NR_EXT_TEMP_START bitfields setting and the current source range selection impacts the number of RRs needed to detect a failure condition. If the device detects an error during a round robin cycle, the individual error counter is increased by one. If the error counter is greater than nERROR, the respective error bit is set. The counter limit nERROR (3-bit) is configurable and valid for all counters. It is possible to deactivate a specific error counter by setting a mask bit. Note: Setting nERROR to 0, sets the error flag with the first detection of the failure condition. The status of the diagnostics registers which have been updated during a round robin cycle can be read via a command. If a fault was detected, the information is latched and can be cleared via a clear command. Note: The following diagnostics registers are available:

General diagnosis GEN_DIAG
Cell voltage supervision warning flag CELL_UV
Cell voltage supervision warning flag CELL_OV
External overtemperature warning flags EXT_TEMP_DIAG
Diagnosis OPENLOAD DIAG_OL
Cell voltage supervision warning flags CELL_UV_DAC_COMP
Cell voltage supervision warning flags CELL_OV_DAC_COMP
Passive balancing diagnosis OVERCURRENT BAL_DIAG_OC (only if balancing function is active)
Passive balancing diagnosis UNDERCURRENT BAL_DIAG_UC (only if balancing function is active) The IC keeps the diagnostic results (except for BAL_DIAG_OC and BAL_DIAG_UC) in sleep mode, as long as the sleep mode supply is available on U9P pin. In sleep mode, the IC resets the passive balancing diagnostic registers for overcurrent BAL_DIAG_OC and undercurrent BAL_DIAG_UC. After the 10-bit cell voltage measurement task in the round robin cycle, the measurement results are compared to configurable undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds. To configure the thresholds, the corresponding bits in the cell voltage thresholds registers can be set with a resolution of VComp_LSB. The undervoltage detection is disabled in case of UV_THR = 000H. The overvoltage detection is disabled in case of OV_THR = 3FFH. The IC has an automatic overvoltage and undervoltage detection. The comparator monitors the VGn - VUn voltage and sets the OV/UV bits in the registers CELL_UV_DAC_COMP and CELL_OV_DAC_COMP . The delta sigma ADC monitors the (VUn+1 - VUn) voltage and sets the OV/UV bits in the registers. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 58 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

In a round robin cycle, the balancing function is paused during overvoltage and undervoltage check. If the RR_SYNC bit is set, then the IC synchronizes the start of the round robin cycle to the watchdog command. If this bit is set, then the next round robin cycle is triggered every time the watchdog WD_CNT is served. Additionally, the round robin counter is reset. Note: Autonomous RR is active if tRR expires before WD_CNT command arrives. This mechanism can synchronize all devices in the chain as well as the round robin to other tasks. After triggering a PCVM, SCVM, BVM, or AVM, the IC performs that measurement and terminates the round robin (case 3). The GEN_DIAG.LOCK_MEAS bit is set to 1 in this case and it is not possible to start a second manual measurement since RR cannot be skipped a second time, see cases 2, 3 and 4 in Figure. After the measurement is finished, the round robin task is restarted. The round robin cycle has a lower priority than the triggered measurement. Note: This is also true for a long running mode measurement. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 59 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

CVM_DEL (option) RR tRR_duration tRR_durationtVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd PCVM start bit BVM start bit Lock meas. bit RR_CNT RR CVM_DEL (option) tRR_durationtVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd PCVM start bit BVM start bit Lock meas. bit No clash between RR and PCVM/ BVM/SCVM RR delayed since PCVM/BVM/SCVM has priority 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) RR RR tRR_durationtVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd PCVM start bit BVM start bit Lock meas. bit RR terminated since PCVM/ BVM/SCVM has priority. RR new start subsequently PCVM SCVM start bit SCVM BVM PCVM SCVM BVM RR SCVM start bit PCVM SCVM BVM CVM_DEL (option) SCVM start bit RR RR tRR_durationtVM_del + tVM + 7*trestart + tSCVM_ave PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd PCVM start bit BVM start bit Lock meas. bit PCVM/BVM/SCVM has priority (also valid for PCVM/ BVM/SCVM long running mode) PCVM LR SCVM LR _ BVM CVM_DEL (option) SCVM start bit tSCVM_ave tSCVM_ave tSCVM_ave tSCVM_ave 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) Figure 26 Prioritizing PCVM, SCVM, BVM, and AVM versus round robin If a round robin is delayed by a manually triggered measurement, then the device synchronizes the subsequent RR scheme to start at the end of the measurement time tvm. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 60 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Internal IC data, such as ADC trimming values is ECC protected and a register CRC check as well as an internal data check is executed with a fixed hardware cycle time tCRC_check independent of the round robin scheme interval time tRR. The registers with the following addresses are CRC protected: 01H, 02H, 03H, 04H, 05H, 08H, 09H, 0AH, 14H, 15H, 17H, 36H, 38H, 3AH, 3EH. Note: The register CRC error as well as the internal IC error do not have an error counter.

17.2 Electrical characteristics round robin (RR)

Table 20 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional , Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Overvoltage and undervoltage detection OV/UV threshold resolution VOVUV_LSB – FSRP CVM/ 210 – mV 1) PRQ-766 OV/UV threshold maximum value VOVUV_max 0 – FSRP CVM V 1) PRQ-767 Round robin counter RR scheme duration tRR_duration – – 1.2 ms 1) Only valid if the measurement delay time tVM_del is not higher than tVM_del_LSB. PRQ-774 RR interval step tRR_LSB 1.12 1.17 1.22 ms 1) PRQ-770 RR minimum interval tRR_min 6.7 7.1 7.4 ms 1) PRQ-768 RR maximum interval time tRR_max 149 155. 163 ms 1) 7-bit counter PRQ-769 RR sleep interval step tRR_sleep_LS B 13.6 15 16.6 sec 1) PRQ-773 RR sleep maximum interval time tRR_sleep_m ax 3.88 4.26 4.74 h 1) 10-bit counter PRQ-771 Error counter nERROR 0 – 7 - 1) 3-bit counter PRQ-776 CRC check cyclic interval tCRC_check 47 49.1 52 ms 1) PRQ-775 (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 61 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 20 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional , Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. RR compensatio n measuremen t and calculation tcomp 385 405 425 µs 1) PRQ-1392 ADC ERROR result (ΣPCVM versus BVM) comparison error threshold ADC_ERRth – 256 – mV – PRQ-1304 NTC Open / short diagnostics NTC short threshold NTC_shortt hr – 64 – LSB10 Using ITMPz_0 with 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-1306 NTC open threshold NTC_opent hr – 1023 – LSB10 Using ITMPz_3 with 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-1307 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 62 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR)

18.1 Functional description

One of the following reactions of the IC to an error can be configured in the ERR pin/EMM mask register:

Indicate the issue via a "high" level on the ERR pin.
Send an emergency signal (EMM) via iso UART to each adjacent device in the chain. The ERR pin is protected against short to GND. The emergency signal is an alternating signal with the frequency fEMM. The EMM is received and sent via the iso UART communication interfaces. The IC can detect and forward an EMM signal in sleep mode. The EMM signal is used for the IC wake-up. On detecting an EMM signal, the IC reproduces and forwards it to the opposite iso UART interface. After the transmit process the IC returns to sleep mode. EMM communication (fEMM) Standard iso UART communication (2 MHz) Communication Frequency Comparison Second device on IFL_x RXFirst device on IFH_x TX nEMM First device configures IFH_x as TX tWAKE Second device configures north IF as TX First device on IFL_x RXFault device IFH & IFL as TXFirst device on IFH_x RX First device on IFL_x TXSecond device on IFH_x RX Second device on IFL_x TXThird device on IFH_x RX Third device on IFL_x RXSecond device on IFH_x TX tWAKE Assuming Sleep mode tWAKE nEMM nEMM nEMM nEMM First device receives EMM signal nEMM_dect_wake-up First device detects EMM signal nEMM_dect_wake-up Second device detects EMM signal nEMM_dect_wake-up Second device detects EMM signal Figure 27 EMM in sleep mode process With a chain in sleep mode, the EMM signal reaches the transceiver from both sides. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 63 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller Transceiver CSC transformer transformer Interface Main Relay Fault OV TX Fault OV Sleep Mode Fault Communication TX RX RX RX RX RX TX TX RX RX Fault Communication WakeUp WakeUp Dir. South Dir. North Fault CSC CSC CSC CSC HV+ HV- UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller Transceiver CSC transformer transformer Interface Main Relay Fault OV TX Fault OV Sleep Mode Fault Communication TX RX RX RX RX RX TX TX TX RX Fault Communication WakeUp WakeUp TX FaultFault IFH IFL IFH IFL Figure 28 EMM in sleep mode path In normal operation the communication mode (PoT or PoB) is already defined and the adjacent device shows either a TX or RX interface. In case of EMM, the contiguous device showing a TX interface will not forward the EMM signal. Therefore, the EMM signal follows the path that shows the RX interface back to the microcontroller. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 64 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Message lost: contiguous device in PoT configuration Second device on IFL_x RX First device on IFH_x TX First device on IFL_x RX Fault device IFH & IFL as TX First device on IFL_x TX First device on IFH_x RX Second device on IFL_x TX Transceiver IFL_x RX Second device on IFH_x TX Assuming PoB mode Message lost: contiguous device in PoB configuration Second device on IFL_x TX First device on IFH_x RX First device on IFL_x TX Fault device IFH & IFL as TX First device on IFH_x RX First device on IFL_x TX Second device on IFH_x RX Second device on IFL_x TX Transceiver IFH_x RX Dir. South Dir. North Fault device go to idle mode First device go to idle mode Second device go to idle mode Transceiver EMM detected Fault device go to idle mode First device go to idle mode Second device go to idle mode Transceiver EMM detected Figure 29 EMM in normal mode process TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 65 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller Transceiver CSC transformer transformer Interface Main Relay Fault OV RX TX RX TX RX TX TX TX RX TX Fault OV Normal Communication: PoB Fault Communication RX TX Fault OV Dir. South Dir. North Fault IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL Fault CSC CSC CSC CSC HV+ HV- UARTmicrocontroller (Comm.) Host Controller Transceiver CSC transformer transformer Interface Main Relay Fault OV RX TX Fault OV Normal Communication: PoT Fault Communication TX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX RX TX Dir. South Dir. North Fault IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL IFH IFL Fault Battery Stack Figure 30 EMM in normal mode path A device which sends the EMM signal transmits it for nEMM periods. The number of periods the IC needs to detect and forward an EMM signal depends on the operation mode: 1. Idle mode: nEMM_dect 2. Straight after wake-up caused by EMM: nEMM_dect_wake-up The IC's ERR pin default state is low and is pulled down using the external pull-down resistor RERR_PD. If the device detects an error, then it switches the ERR pin to VS until the following actions are performed:

The microcontroller clears the fault, which triggered the ERR signal.
The IC enters sleep mode. If a fault that activates the ERR pin is detected in round robin sleep, then the IC remains in normal mode until tWD_max elapses. The following faults can trigger the EMM mode or the ERR pin, depending on the configuration in the ERR pin / EMM mask register:
Overvoltage or undervoltage of a cell
External NTC resistance measurement fault
Open load diagnostics error for any voltage sensing and balancing pin
Balancing overcurrent and undercurrent error
ADC cross-check error
Internal overtemperature detected
Register CRC check fault detected
Internal IC error Setting the corresponding bits in the ERR pin and EMM mask register prevents faults from leading to an emergency signal (EMM) emission or to an ERR pin reaction. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC

Datasheet 66 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

18.2 Electrical characteristics emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR)

Table 21 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition P- NumberMin. Typ. Max. Emergency mode EMM EMM signal frequency fEMM 48 50 52 kHz 1) PRQ-737 EMM number of periods to detect EMM signal - straight after wake-up nEMM_dect_ wake-up 4 – 4 period s 1. Wake-up due to the EMM signal 2. During forwarding of the wake-up signal PRQ-738 EMM number of periods to detect EMM signal - idle mode nEMM_dect 16 – 16 period s IC is in idle mode and not enumerated (ID = 0) PRQ-740 Transmitted EMM signal periods nEMM 32 – 32 period s 1) PRQ-742 ERR pin function ERR fault indication voltage VERR VVS - 0.25 V – VVS V IERR ≤ IERR_max PRQ-743 ERR input current IERR -1 – – mA Current capability of pin additionally to RERR_PD (= 100 kΩ) current PRQ-744 ERR pull- down resistor RERR_PD 75 100 – kΩ External pull down resistance PRQ-745 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 67 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

19.1 External circuitry and components

EMC, Filter, Balancing Other supporting components Communication Communication TLE9009DQU CELL CELL RF RF RF CF 37RBAL U9P RBAL CFB CFB CELL CELL RF RF 3RBAL RBAL GND15 IFH_L IFH_H 2526 IFL_H IFL_L 23 24 CSER CSER RSERRSER CSER CSER RSERRSER GND22 VDDC VIO VS (VREGIN) CVSCVDDC RF TMP4 TMP0 NTC4 NTC0U2 Vregout(VDDA) CVREGOUT VBLK+ VBLK+ TMP_GND Cell Supervision Circuit PCB RVS CU9P GND CF CF RF CFB CF CFB CEMC CEMC CEMC CEMC CEMC CisoUART_F CisoUART_FCisoUART_F CTMP CEMC NC CTMP CEMC CTMP_GND RTMP_GND CisoUART_F RTMP RTMP ERR GPIOq PWMp RPulldn CT_IN CT_IN NTC NTC RU9P 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Figure 31 External circuitry TLE9009DQU Table 22 External components Name Symbol Typ. Unit Condition External filter resistor RF RF 10 Ω Valid for pin U0 - U9 External filter resistor RU9P RU9P 5.1 Ω External balancing resistor RBAL RBAL 41 Ω External filter capacitor CF CF 330 nF EMC network capacitor CEMC CEMC 1 nF (table continues...) TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 68 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Table 22 (continued) External components Name Symbol Typ. Unit Condition Filter capacitor (Gn/Un) CFB CFB 100 nF Buffer capacitor CVS CVS 100 nF Filtering resistor RVS RVS 5.1 Ω Buffer capacitor on U9P CU9P 100 nF Buffer capacitor on VREGOUT CVREGOUT 100 nF Buffer capacitor on VIO CVIO 100 nF If VIO is connected to VREGOUT , then CVIO is omitted. Buffer capacitor on VDDC CVDDC 330 nF Bypass capacitor on iso UART CisoUART_F 220 pF Input capacitor on TMP CTMP 10 nF NTC filter resistor RTMP RTMP 100 Ω NTC filter capacitor CT_IN CT_IN 4.7 nF External wiring resistance RWH_ch 0.2 Ω TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 69 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

19.2 Typical application diagram

Cell Supervision Circuit (CSC) Cell #8 Cell #7 Cell #0 Cell #8 Cell #7 Cell #0 twisted pair cable CSC To transceiver IC UART – iso UART transceiver Several other CSCs Several other battery modules Cell #8 Cell #7 Cell #0 BMS UART to MCU Cell balancing Cell voltage (ASIL-D) iso UART Sensing IC NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Diagnostics unit UART Supply Cell balancing Cell voltage (ASIL-D) iso UART Sensing IC NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Diagnostics unit UART Supply Cell balancing Cell voltage (ASIL-D) iso UART Sensing IC NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Diagnostics unit UART Supply Figure 32 Typical application diagram TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 70 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

148 481The drawing is in compliance with ISO 128-30, Projection Method 1 [ ]All dimensions are in units mm9779 55 1)1) 1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.25 Max per side Exposed diepad 0.50.22±0.05Pin1 MarkingSeating planeCoplanarity 2) Exposed pad for soldering purposeDrawing according to ISO 8015, general tolerances ISO 2769-mk Figure 33 PG-TQFP-48 Green Product (RoHS compliant) To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with government regulations the device is available as a Green Product. Green Products are RoHS compliant (Pb- free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Information on alternative packages Please visit www.infineon.com/packages. TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 71 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

1.0 2024-09-15 Datasheet release TLE9009DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Datasheet 72 Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

All referenced product or service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Edition 2024-09-15 Published by Infineon Technologies AG

81726 Munich, Germany

© 2024 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Do you have a question about any aspect of this document? Email: erratum@infineon.com Document reference IFX-Z8F80411122 Important notice The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics (“Beschaffenheitsgarantie”). With respect to any examples, hints or any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the product, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. In addition, any information given in this document is subject to customer’s compliance with its obligations stated in this document and any applicable legal requirements, norms and standards concerning customer’s products and any use of the product of Infineon Technologies in customer’s applications. The data contained in this document is exclusively intended for technically trained staff. It is the responsibility of customer’s technical departments to evaluate the suitability of the product for the intended application and the completeness of the product information given in this document with respect to such application. Warnings Due to technical requirements products may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies office. Except as otherwise explicitly approved by Infineon Technologies in a written document signed by authorized representatives of Infineon Technologies, Infineon Technologies’ products may not be used in any applications where a failure of the product or any consequences of the use thereof can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury.

Product Information

TLE9009DQU specifications and overview.

Summary

Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Description

Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Rev. 1.0 2024-09-15

Source title TLE9009DQU Datasheet(PDF) - Infineon Technologies AG

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