HV7121B

HV7121B HYNIX | Alldatasheet

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Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 1 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision

DESCRIPTION

HV71 2 1B is a highly integrated single chip CMOS color image sensor using Hyundai 0.5um CMOS process developed for image application to realize high efficiency R/G/B photo sensor. The sensor has 414 X 314 pixels total, and 40 0X 30 0 pixels effective. Each pixel is high photo sensitive, small size active pixel element that converts photons to analog voltage signal. The sensor has three on-chip 8 bit Digital to Analog Convert (DAC) and 414 comparators to digitize the pixel output. The three on-chip 8 bit DAC can be used for independent R/G/B gain control. Hyundai proprietary on-chip CDS circuit can reduce Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) dramatically. The whole 8 bit digital color raw data is directly available on the package pins and just few control signals are needed for whole chip control, so it is very ease to configure a system using the sensor.

FEATURES

l 40 0 x 30 0 pixels resolution l Full function control through standard I 2 C bus l 8um x 8um square pixels l Built-in AGC l High efficiency R/G/B color photo sensors l 48Pin CLCC / 20Pin CDIP l Integrated 8-bit ADC for direct digital output l Bayer RGB color pattern l Low power 3.3V operation (5V tolerant I/O) l Anti-blooming circuit l Integrated pan control and window sizing l Flexible exposure time control l Clock speed up to 15 MHz l Integrated on-chip timing and drive control l Programmable frame rate and synchronous format l 1/ 4 " optical format TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Pixel resolution 40 2x 30 2 Pixel size 8x8um 2 Fill factor 30% Format CIF Sensitivity TBD S/R TBD Supply voltage for analog 3.3V Supply voltage for digital 3.3V Supply voltage for 5V tolerant input 5.0V Supply current Operating temperature 0~40 C Technology 0.5um 3metal CMOS Pixel Array ADC Block Line Buffer Control Register & Logic Decoder/Pixel Driver I2C

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 2 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC Absolute Maximum Ratings l Supply voltage(Analog, Digital) : 3.0 V ~ 3.6 V l Voltage on any input pins : 0 V ~ 5.0 V l Operating Temperature : 0 ¡É ~ 40 ¡É Note : Input pins are 5V tolerant. Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may induce failure. DC Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Units Min. Max. Load[pF] Notes V dd Internal operation supply voltage Volt 3.0 3.6 V ih Input voltage logic "1" Volt 2.0 5 6.5 V il Input voltage logic "0" Volt 0 0.8 6.5 V oh Output voltage logic "1" Volt 2.15 3.6 60 V ol Output voltage logic "0" Volt 0.4 0.4 60 T a Ambient operating temperature Celsius 0 40 AC Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Max Operation Frequency Units Notes MCLK Main clock frequency 20 MHz 1 SCK I2 C clock frequency 400 kHz 2 1. MCLK can be divided according to Clock Divide Register for internal clock. 2. SCK is driven by host processor. For the detail serial bus timing, refer to I 2 C Spec.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 3 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Units Min. Typical Max. Note Sensitivity mV / lux sec TBD TBD TBD 1) Dark Signal mV TBD TBD 2) Output Saturation Signal mV TBD TBD TBD 3) Blooming % TBD Dynamic Range dB TBD TBD 4) Shading TBD 5) Fixed Pattern Noise % TBD 6) Note: 1) Measured at 26 [1ux] illumination for exposure time 10 [ msec] 2) Measured at zero illumination for exposure time 48 [ msec] ( T a = 25 C) 3) Measured at V dd =3.3V 4) 48dB is limited by 8-bit ADC 5) Variation in individual pixel response over entire sensor area 6) Measured at zero [ lux] and 70 [ lux] illumination for exposure time 10 [ msec] Variation of average pixel response from column( i) to column(i+2) and from row( i) to raw(i+2) due to Bayer Pattern RGB sampling. Remarks : Master Clock = 1 5 MHz * All values are measured by raw image data from image sensor.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 4 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision INPUT / OUTPUT AC CHARACTERISTICS l All output timing delays are measured with output load 60[ pF]. l Output delay include the internal clock path delay[6ns] and output driving delay that changes in respect to the output load, the operating environment, and a board design. l Due to the variable valid time delay of the output, output signals may be latched in the negative edge of MCLK for the stable data transfer between the image sensor and a host for less than 15MHz operation. MCLK to HSYNC/VSYNC Timing T1 : MCLK rising to HSYNC/VSYNC Valid maximum Time : 18ns [output load: 60pF] T2 : HSYNC/VSYNC Valid Time : minimum 1Clock(subject to T1, T2 timing rule) MCLK to DATA Timing T3 : MCLK rising to DATA Valid maximum Time : 18ns [output load: 60pF] Note) HSYNC signal is high when valid data is on the DATA bus. MCLK HSYNC/VSYNC T1T1 DATA[7:0] Valid DATA MCLK

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 5 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision INPUT / OUTPUT AC CHARACTERISTICS (Continue) ENB Timing T4 : ENB Setup Time : 5ns T5 : ENB Hold Time : 5ns T6 : ENB Valid Time : minimum 2 Clock RESET Timing Must in Valid (active LOW) state at least 8MCLK periods MCLK T5T4 ENB T

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 6 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision INPUT / OUTPUT AC CHARACTERISTICS CONTINUE I2C Bus (Programming Serial Bus) Timing I2C Bus Interface Timing Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit SCK clock frequency fsck 0 400 KHz Time that I 2 C bus must be free before a new transmission can start tbuf 1.2 us Hold time for a START thd ;s ta 1.0 us LOW period of SCK tlow 1.2 us HIGH period of SCK t high 1.0 us Setup time for START tsu ;s ta 1.2 us Data hold time thd ;d at 1.3 us Data setup time tsu ;d at 250 ns Rise time of both SDA and SCK tr 250 ns Fall time of both SDA and SCK tf 300 ns Setup time for STOP tsu ;s to 1.2 us Capacitive load of each bus lines(SDA,SCK) C b pf SDA SCK stop start tbuf tlow tr thd;sta thd;dat thigh tsu;dat tsu;sta tsu;sto stopstart tf thd;sta

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 7 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PIN CONFIGURATION (48 pin CLCC) Pin9~16, Pin19~20, Pin33~ 41 : No Connection COLOR PATTERN PIN NO. NAME PIN NO. NAME

1 SCK 26 DGND1

2 DGND 27 DATA3

3 ENB 28 DATA2

4 DGND 29 DATA1

5 MCLK 30 DATA0

6 VDD5 31 DVDD

7 AVDD 32 DGND1

8 AGND 42 DVDD

17 AGND 43 RESET

18 AVDD 44 VSYNC

21 DGND 45 HSYNC

22 DATA7 46 DGND

23 DATA6 47 SDA

24 DATA5 48 DGND

25 DATA4

origin (0,0) ( 413 , 313 ) pixel array 1 0412 313 312 Read out start point413 R G G B R G G B

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 8 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PIN CONFIGURATION (20 pin CDIP) COLOR PATTERN PIN NO. NAME PIN NO. NAME

1 AGND 11 DVDD

2 DATA 7 12 RESET

3 DATA 6 13 VSYNC

4 DATA 5 14 HSYNC/DVALID

5 DATA 4 15 SDA

6 DATA 3 16 SCK

7 DATA 2 17 ENB

8 DATA 1 18 MCLK

9 DATA 0 19 +5V Tolerant

10 DGND 20 AVDD

origin (0,0) DIE 413 412 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 1 3 12 11 ( 413 , 313 ) active sensing area 313 312 1 0 Read out Star t Point

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 9 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PIN DESCRIPTION (48 Pin CLCC) PIN NAME I/O DESCRIPTION

1 SCK I I 2 C Clock ; I 2 C clock control from IIC master

2 DGND I Digital Ground

3 ENB I Sensor Enable Signal ; 'H' enable normal operation

'L' disable sensor by stalling internal clock

4 DGND I Digital Ground

5 MCLK I Master Clock (up to 15 MHz)

; Global master clock for image sensor internal timing control

6 VDD5 I I/O bias voltage for 5V tolerant *1)

7 AVDD I Analog Supply Voltage 3.3V

8 AGND I Analog Ground

9 ~ 16 N.C No Connection

17 AGND I Analog Ground

18 AVDD I Analog Supply Voltage 3.3V 19, 20 Reserved Reserved

21 DGND I Digital Ground

22 DATA7 O Image Data bit 7

23 DATA6 O Image Data bit 6

24 DATA5 O Image Data bit 5

25 DATA4 O Image Data bit 4

26 DGND I Digital Ground

27 DATA3 O Image Data bit 3

28 DATA2 O Image Data bit 2

29 DATA1 O Image Data bit 1

30 DATA0 O Image Data bit 0

31 DVDD I Digital Supply Voltage 3.3V

32 DGND I Digital Ground

33 ~ 41 N.C No Connection 42 DVDD I Digital Supply Voltage 3.3V

43 RESET I Hardware Reset Signal, Active Low

44 VSYNC O Vertical synchronization signal / Frame start output

; Signal pulse at start of image data frame with programmable blanking duration

45 HSYNC O Horizontal synchronization signal / Data valid output

/DVALID ; Data valid when 'H' with programmable blanking duration

46 DGND I Digital Ground

47 SDA I/O I 2 C Data ; I 2 C standard data I/O port

48 DGND I Digital Ground

*1) Tie to DVDD for 3.3V operation / Tie to 5V for 5V tolerant operation

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 10 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PIN DESCRIPTION (20 Pin CDIP) PIN NAME I/O DESCRIPTION

1 AGND I Analog Ground

2 DATA 7 O Image data bit 7 ( MSB )

3 DATA 6 O Image data bit 6

4 DATA 5 O Image data bit 5

5 DATA 4 O Image data bit 4

6 DATA 3 O Image data bit 3

7 DATA 2 O Image data bit 2

8 DATA 1 O Image data bit 1

9 DATA 0 O Image data bit 0 ( LSB )

10 DGND I Digital Ground

11 DVDD I Digital Supply Voltage, 3.3V

12 RESET I Hardware Reset Signal, Active Low

13 VSYNC O

Vertical synchronization signal / Frame start output ; Signal pulse at start of image data frame with programmable blanking duration

14 HSYNC / DVALID O Horizontal synchronization signal / Data valid output

; Data valid when 'H' with programmable blanking duration

15 SDA I/O I2 C Data ; I 2 C standard data I/O port

16 SCK I I2 C Clock ; I 2 C clock control from IIC master

17 ENB I Sensor enable signal ; 'H' enable normal operation

'L' disable sensor by stalling internal clock

18 MCLK I Master Clock( upto 15MHz)

; Global master clock for image sensor internal timing control 19 + 5 V I I/O bias voltage for 5V tolerant *1) 20 AVDD I Analog Supply Voltage 3.3V *1) Tie to DVDD for 3.3V operation / Tie to 5V for 5V tolerant operation

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 11 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision Register map Register Name address 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mode A 00h model_name rev_num Mode B 01h oper_mode data_type hs_out scr_size shot int_sel Mode C 02h reserved sw_enb pwr_dn color reserved Row Start Address High 10h reserved r_ad[8] Row Start Address Low 11h r_ad[7:0] Column Start Address High 12h reserved c_ad[8] Column Start Address Low 13h c_ad[7:0] Window Height Address High 14h reserved h_ad[8] Window Height Address Low 15h h_ad[7:0] Window Width Address High 16h reserved w_ad[8] Window Width Address Low 17h w_ad[7:0] HSYNC Blanking Time High 20h h_blank[15:8] HSYNC Blanking Time Low 21h h_blank[7:0] VSYNC Blanking Time High 22h v_blank[15:8] VSYNC Blanking Time Low 23h v_blank[7:0] Integration Time High 25h int_time[23:16] Integration Time Middle 26h int_time[15:8] Integration Time Low 27h int_time[7:0] Master Clock Divider 28h reserved clk_div[3:0] Reset Level Control 30h rst_level[5:0] Red Color Gain 31h reserved red_color[5:0] Green Color Gain 32h reserved green_color[5:0] Blue Color Gain 33h reserved blue_color[5:0] Pixel Bias Voltage 34h reserved pixel_bias[3:0] Red Offset Gain Control 50h reserved red_offset[6:0] Green Offset Gain Control 51h reserved green_offset[6:0] Blue Offset Gain Control 52h reserved blue_offset[6:0] Low Reference Number High 57h low_ref_no[15:8] Low Reference Number Low 58h low_ref_no[7:0] High Reference Number High 59h high_ref_no[15:8] High Reference Number Low 5Ah high_ref_no[7:0]

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 12 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision Register Set Descriptions All register access can though the I 2 C multi-byte read and write. (1) Mode A Register (Address 00h, RO) This register consist of a model name and revision number. Currently Hyundai has three types of CMOS image sensor chip, 400*300, 640*480 and 800*600 resolution each. The upper 4 bits is model_name [3:0] and the lower 4 bits is rev_num[3:0]. For example it ’ s value 12h, this mean 400*300 resolution and revision2.0 chip. 400* 300 : 0001b Rev. 2.0 : 0010b (2) Mode B Register (Address 01h, default : 04h, R/W) This register defines major operation mode of the chip. n Mode B[7:6] : oper_mode(operating mode) < default value : 00b> Define operating modes between normal operation and optical and function test operation. Test operation mode is used for optical and function test. Except for default value, these bits are reserved for manufacturer. Bit operating mode

00 Normal operation

01 Reserved

10 Reserved

11 Reserved

n Mode B [5:4] : data_type(data types) < default value : 00b> These bits define output pixel data types. For Correlated Double Sampling( CDS), every the pixel of image sensor are measured twice, reference and data respectively, and reference values or data values can be read out through pixel data pins selectively using these control bits. To remove the noise caused by circuit, i.e. Fixed Pattern Noise, the image sensor performs the CDS in default value. Three output data types are supported as follows.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 13 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision Bit Output data type

00 Data level - Reference level

01 Reference level

10 Data level

n Mode B[3] : hs_out(HSYNC output configuration) < default value : 0b> This bit offers two types output style about HSYNC signal. HSYNC only mode and HSYNC & internal clock mode. If the hs_out is set to one, HSYNC output signal is ANDed signal of internal pixel clock and data valid. Otherwise HSYNC output pin keep data high state during valid output period. When HSYNC & internal clock mode is set, HSYNC output can be used as a pixel data output clock. data valid MUX HSYNC pixel clock Mode B[3] n Mode B[2] : scr_size(screen size select) < default value : 1b> Flexible screen size is very useful for customer. If the scr_size is set to high, i.e. window mode, only pixels in windowed area defined by register 10h ~ 17h can be read . But scr_size is set to low state, i.e. full screen mode, all pixels in the sensor are read out regardless the values of register 10h ~ 17h. We can select window mode or full screen mode with this bit. Full screen size is only for chip test. - window start point : x : row start address (register 10h, 11h) y : column start address (register 12h, 13h) - window end point : x : row start address + window width address (register 14h, 15h) - 1 y : column start address + window height address (register 16h, 17h) -1

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 14 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision n Mode B [1] : shot(shot mode) < default value : 0b> User can select continuous frame mode or snapshot mode according to application. At the continuous frame mode, pixel data output is updated every VSYNC period. In order to set snapshot mode, it this bit to ‘ 1 ’ . In that case, just single frame of pixel data will be read out, then the sensor stops operation. Snapshot mode can be used for the digital still camera applications. n Mode B[0] : int_sel(integration time unit select) < default value : 0b> This bit defines integration time unit i.e. line base or pixel clock base. Default mode is line unit integration but at the bright condition or if you need precise exposure time control, pixel mode is recommended. This bit related to integration time register 25h, 26h, and 27h. Note : Actual integration time can be calculated using three integration time registers and pixel clock period. In pixel mode, integration time = (25h, 26h, 27h) * number of pixel period. In line mode, integration time = (26h, 27h) * number of pixel per line * pixel period. ( cf) number of pixel per line = 414 + HSYNC duration value (3) Mode C Register (Address 02h, default : 08h, R/W) This register controls power down and color select. n Mode C[3] : sw_enb (software enable : active low) (400*300 CMOS image sensor only) < default value : 1b> This bit is only exist in 400*300 CMOS image sensor chip to enable image sensor operation by software. This bit has same function as ENB pin control. It’ s very useful for the applications that is needed want to reduce interface pin count to CMOS image sensor. In that case, cannot ENB pin to VDD line and control the sensor using this bit. n Mode C[2] : pwr_dn(A/D converter power down) < default value : 0b> This bit controls power down of A/D converter when sleep mode(idle state) is set by ENB pin is low or sw_enb(Mode C[3]) is high. When set to high, A/D converter is turned on whenever ENB is low or sw_enb is high. When set to low, A/D converter is turned off always regardless ENB pin state or sw_enb state . But digital block goes to power down mode always when ENB is low regardless this bit.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 15 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision n Mode C[1] : color(color select) < default value : 0b> This bit selects color mode or monochrome mode. Default value means color image sensor and all three ADCs are used for Bayer RGB color pattern respectively, then RGB gains are controlled independently. But when set this to one, i.e. monochrome mode, just single ADC is used for all pixels regardless RGB color. At the monochrome mode all pixels are controlled by ‘ G ’ gain only. ‘ R ’ and ‘ B ’ gain are not used. In case of monochrome image sensor, this bit should be set to ‘ 1 ’ get the good image and to simplify the sensor control. (4) Row start address Register (Higher byte : Address 10h, default : 00h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 11h, default : 06h, R/W) Define window start position row start address of display window. Should be programmed with value between 6 and 306. (5) Column start address Register (Higher byte : Address 12h, default : 00h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 13h, default : 06h, R/W) Define window start position column address of display window. Should be programmed with value between 6 and 406. (6) Window Height address Register (Higher byte : Address 14h, default : 01h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 15h, default : 2Eh, R/W) Define display window height. If you need smaller display window height, decrease the value. Window end position row address = row start address + window height address – 1 (7) Window width address Register (Higher byte : Address 16h, default : 01h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 17h, default : 92h, R/W) Define display window width. If you need smaller display window width, decrease the value. Window end position column address = column start address + window width address -1 Note : Display window programming.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 16 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision < Display Window Programming > The 400*300 resolution chip can read any user specific window area within active window area. This is called panning function. For this function, ‘ row start ’ , ‘ column start ’ , ‘ width ’ , and ‘ height ’ can be programmed with four sets of register pair. n FRS : Frame Row Start n FCS : Frame Column Start n FWH : Frame window Height n FWW : Frame Window Width Panning window can be programmed as below. (413,313 ) manufacturer area (0, 313) (407,307) {FWHU ,FWHL} {FRSU ,FRSL} (6,6) (413,0) (0,0) {FWWU ,FWWL} {FCSU ,FCSL} active window area Note 1) Accessible pixel array size is 402*302. The edge of accessible pixel array may be commonly dedicated for just color interpolation. In the case of a color image sensor the interpolation is needed to get all R ,G,B color value for each pixel from a Bayer color image. So one more extra pixel line is needed at the edge of pixel array that you want to be displayed. That is, to make 400*300 effective window, 402*302 pixel array necessary. You have to consider this interpolation line when you program the ‘ Frame register ’ . For example, if you want to get 300*250 image size, you have to program 302*252 to frame register.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 17 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision <Default window area> FRSU, FRSL 6 FWHU, FWHL 402 FCSU, FCSL 6 FWWU, FWWL 302 < Pixel Array Structure > (8) HSYNC Blanking Time Register (Higher byte : Address 20h, default : 00h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 21h, default : 03h, R/W) The HSYNC blanking time defines HSYNC low duration between data valid HSYNC high, pixel unit . HSYNC low duration is HSYNC blanking time plus twelve in pixel unit for example, default HSYNC low duration is 15 pixels because register value is 3. It’ s used to change duration between current line end and next line start. +1 : dummy area +1 : interpolation area +3 : margin for metal 3 slope +2 : optical block zone +1 : dummy zone for set of color pattern pixel array : 400 * 300 Total pixel : 416 * 316 BG GB R G- - - - - - - - R G RG GB Active window area (402 * 302) Accessible address range(414 * 314)

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 18 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision (9) VSYNC Blanking Time Register (Higher byte : Address 22h, default : 00h, R/W) (Lower byte : Address 23h, default : 03h, R/W) The VSYNC blank, and time defines VSYNC active duration in pixel unit . Note : HSYNC blanking, VSYNC blank are used to fit the CMOS sensor display timing to external timing requirements. (10) Integration time Register (High byte : Address 25h, default : 00h, R/W) (Middle byte : Address 26h, default : 01h, R/W) (Low byte : Address 27h, default : f4h, R/W) Each pixel has a photo diode in which the incoming photons are converted to electrons. Integration time mean exposure time so these registers defines exposure time. According to settings int_sel of Mode B register, the integration time is controlled with line or pixel unit. Small value means short exposure time and large value means long exposure time for bright condition. The value should be large for dark condition. Default value setting 500 lines, this value is useful for normal office condition. If you stay in outdoor condition, this value should be decreased. But under dark condition, this value should be increased to get a good image quality. Increasing value may decrease frame rate. Finally, integration time is very important for frame rate and image quality. For line mode exposure, register 26h and 27h are used. For pixel mode exposure, all three register 25h ~ 27h are used. To control exposure time precisely, the pixel mode should be used. This register may be used for Auto Exposure control. (11) Operating Clock Divider (Address 28h, default:00h, R/W) This register generates divided digital clock depending on the settings clk_div [3:0], digital block can divide MCLK down by 1 through 2048 as shown in Table 1 . clk_div [3:0] units clk_div[3:0] units 0000 no division 0101 MCLK/64

0001 MCLK/2 0111 MCLK/128

0010 MCLK/4 1000 MCLK/256

0011 MCLK/8 1001 MCLK/512

0100 MCLK/16 1010 MCLK/1024

0101 MCLK/32 1011 MCLK/2048

Table 1 . Operating Clock Control Register

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 19 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision (12) Reset Level Control Register (Address 30h, default:38h, R/W) This register controls reference voltage level for start point of data reading. If the register value is too large or too small, the vertical Fixed Pattern Noise(FPN) can be occurred. To Get rid of FPN, this register must have a suitable value. Optimum reset revel can be found using Low reference number registers 57h ~ 58h and High reference number registers 59h ~ 5ah. If there is some large value in Low reference number registers, the value of Reset Level control register should be increased. If there is some large value in High reference number registers, the value of register should be decrease. Optimum reset revel is achieved when value of Low reference level number registers and value of High reference number registers is minimized. (13) Color Gain Register Red Color Gain Register : (Address 31h, default:1Eh, R/W) Green Color Gain Register : (Address 32h, default:h1Eh, R/W) Blue Color Gain Register : (Address 33h, default:h1Eh, R/W) These registers are used to amplify the analog pixel output. If the gain register value is decreased, the amplification is increased. Therefore under the dark light source condition, the pixel output have to be amplified by decreasing gain value to get good image. There are three Gain registers to control RGB colors independently. In the case of monochrome image sensor, use only Green Color Gain Register. Available program range is 0 ~ 63 but too small value can cause FPN. The register value have to chosen within the range that doesn ’ t cause FPN. Recommended range is 20 ~63. These register can be used for Auto White Balance control and Auto Exposure control. (14) Pixel Bias Voltage Register (Address 34h, default:02h, R/W) This register controls pixel reference level by controlling bias current of pixel output sensing load transistor. It controls pixel output level itself, compare with that revel register adjust A/D Converter circuit to calibrate reference level for data reading. Available program range is 0 ~ 7. The larger register value causes the higher bias current and low pixel output reference level. This register is option for manufacturer. Users may use default setting and don ’ t changed value.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 20 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision (15) Low Reference Number Register(low_ref_no) High : (Address 57h default:00h, Read Only) Low : (Address 58h, default:00h, Read Only) Low Reference Number Registers indicates number of pixels in frame that have a value less then 5. A reference level values of each pixel is compare with ‘ 5 ’ , and accumulated to these registers during read state. This counter value called low_ref_no, consist of two bytes and it is read only registers. Real number of pixels that have value less than 5 is the twice of these register value. If low_ref_no is big value, you must increase data value of Reset Level Control Register. These registers are updated after every VSYNC signal. (16) High Reference Number Register (high_ref_no) High : (Address 59h, default:00h, Read Only) Low : (Address 5Ah, default:00h, Read Only) High Reference Number Registers indicates number of pixels in a frame that have a value great then 123. Reference level values of each pixels is compared with ‘ 123 ’ , and accumulated to these registers during read state. This counter value called high_ref_no, consist of two bytes and it is read only registers. Real number of pixels that have value great than 123 is the twice of these register value. If high_ref_no is big value, you must decrease data value of Reset Level Control Register. These registers are also updated after every VSYNC signal.

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 21 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision FRAME TIMING DIAGRAMS There are two frame timing cases, l Integration Time < EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale l Integration Time > EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale EffectiveWindowHeight is equal to the number of data lines generated in a frame and is defined to be selected by if(( RowStartAddress + WindowHeight + 1) <= ( SensorArrayHeight) EffectiveWindowHeight = WindowHeight; else EffectiveWidnowHeight = ( SensorArrayHeight - RowStartAddress - 1); For example, RowStartAddress = 200 and WindowHeight = 300, EffectiveWindowHeight is 113 and 113 data lines per a frame are generated. Note : The above selection logic is somewhat confusing in respect of general counting measure. It ’ s partly due to the mixed use of indexing start points, i.e. ‘ 0 ’ and ‘ 1 ’ in the design. Therefore in order to avoid the confusion it is desirable to just follows the equation when you estimate the frame rate. Scale is selected according to Integration Time Mode by If( PixelMode) Scale = SensorArrayWidth; // For400*300 resolution chip, SensorArrayWidth is 414 else Scale = 1; When Integration Time > ( EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale), next frame VSYNC does not follow immediately after current frame ’ s last line has been produced. Instead, one of the following two idle time slots is inserted according to Integration Time Mode before next frame VSYNC gets active. SensorArrayHeight [314] SensorArrayWidth [414] RowStartAddress [200] WindowHeight [300] EffectiveWindowHeight [113] (0,0)

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 22 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision < Idle Slots > l Line Mode: (Integration Time - EffectiveWindowHeight) * 1024 clocks l Pixel Mode: (Integration Time - EffectiveWindowHeigth * Scale) = (Integration Time - EffectiveWindowHeigth * SensorArrayWidth) clocks Each Frame Timing of the above cases may be decomposed into four timing segments l Initial Data Setup Time after ENB gets active l Even Line l Odd Line l Frame Transition The subsections will describe frame timing diagram for said frame time cases, (Integration Time < Effective Window Height * Scale) and (Integration Time > Effective Window Height * Scale) (1) Frame Timing Diagram for Integration Time < (EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale) Frame timing related registers are programmed to suit for the above condition as follows RowStartAddress = 6 ; WindowHeight = 302; ColumnStartAddress = 6 ; WindowWidth = 402; IntegrationTime = 200 [Line Mode]; EffectiveWindowHeight is “ 302 ” for ( SensorArrayHeight > ( RowStartAddress + WindowHeight + 1)), i.e. 314 > (6 + 302 + 1), is met, and Scale is “ 1 ” for integration time is line mode. Therefore, (Integration Time< EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale), i.e. 200 < 302 * 1, is met. Overall Frames SequenceInitial Data Setup Time Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... Line 301 VSYNC Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... Line 301 VSYNC Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... Line 301 VSYNC .... Frame 1 Frame 2Frame 0

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 23 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision MCLK ENB VSYNC Delay Slots Fig. 1 Initial Data Setup Time after ENB gets active MCLK HSYNC DATA Time Slot Clock Ruler Fig.2 Even Line Data Timing IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks BB G ENB+ Deglitch 2 clocks Sensor Reset SensorArrayHeight clocks [314 clocks] One Line Time Delay ( SensorArrayWidth + HBLANK) clocks [417 clocks] VSYNC 3 clocks Integration Time * Scale clocks [200 * 414 clocks] Line Head Blank 6 clocks HBLANK 3 clocks Line Tail Blank 6 clocks SensorArrayWidth (414) HBLANK(3)

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 24 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision MCLK HSYNC DATA Time Slot Clock Ruler Fig.3 Odd Line Data Timing MCLK HSYNC VSYNC DATA Time Slot Integration Time < EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale Fig.4 Frame Transition Timing Line Head Blank 6 clocks Line Tail Blank 6 clocks IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks HBLANK 3 clocks Line Tail Blank 6 clocks Line Head Blank 6 clocks SensorArrayWidth (414) HBLANK(3) G G R . G IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks VSYNC 3 clocks≈ ≈ HBLANK 3 clocks

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 25 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision (2) Frame Timing Diagram for Integration Time > (EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale) Frame timing related registers are programmed to suit for the above condition as follows RowStartAddress = 6 ; WindowHeight = 302; ColumnStartAddress = 6 ; WindowWidth = 402; IntegrationTime = 600 [Line Mode]; EffectiveWindowHeight is “ 302 ” for ( SensorArrayHeight > ( RowStartAddress + WindowHeight + 1)), i.e. 314 > (6 + 302 + 1), is met, and Scale is “ 1 ” for integration time is line mode. Therefore, (Integration Time < EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale), i.e. 600 > 302 * 1, is met, and Idle Slot of Line Mode, i.e. (600 - 302) * 1024 clocks idle slot, is inserted before the next frame initiation. Overall Frames Sequence MCLK ENB VSYNC Delay Slots Fig. 5 Initial Data Setup Time after ENB gets active Line 301 ENB Deglitch 2 clocks Sensor Reset SensorArrayHeight clocks [314 clocks] One Line Time Delay ( SensorArrayWidth + HBLANK) clocks [417 clocks] VSYNC 3 clocks Integration Time * Scale clocks [600 * 414 clocks] Initial Data Setup Time Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... Line 301 VSYNC Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... VSYNC Line 0 Line 1 Line 2 Line 300 .... Line 301 VSYNC Idle Time Idle Time Idle Time

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 26 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision MCLK HSYNC DATA Time Slot Clock Ruler Fig.6 Even Line Data Timing MCLK HSYNC DATA Time Slot Clock Ruler Fig.7 Odd Line Data Timing IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks BB G Line Head Blank 6 clocks Line Head Blank 6 clocks IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks HBLANK 3 clocks HBLANK 3 clocks B G G R G G R B G G R B G G R B G G R Line Tail Blank 6 clocks Line Tail Blank 6 clocks SensorArrayWidth (414) SensorArrayWidth (414) HBLANK(3) HBLANK(3) G R

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 27 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision MCLK HSYNC VSYNC DATA Time Slot Integration Time > EffectiveWindowHeight * Scale Fig.8 Frame Transition Timing B ...BGG R G R. Line Tail Blank 6 clocks IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks Line Head Blank 6 clocks . G IMAGE RAW DATA Window Width 402 clocks VSYNC 3 clocks≈ ≈ Idle Slot (Integration Time - EffectiveWindowHeig ht) * 1024 = (600 - 482) * 1024 HBLANK 3 clocks

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 28 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PACKAGE DIMENSION (48 PIN CLCC) UNIT: mm * C : Center of Image Area 0.53 0.67 C

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 29 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision PACKAGE DIMENSION (48 PIN CLCC) UNIT: mm 0.5 3 +-0.15 0.98+-0.15 2.60 +- 0.30 16.00 +- 0.12 12.00 +- 0.10 0.46 +- 0.10 C

Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR System IC Div ision With 8-bit ADC This document is a general product description and is subject to change without notice. Hyundai Electronics does not assume any responsibility for use of circuits described. NO patent licenses are implied. DA41990615R_ 1.0 30 1999 Hyundai System IC Div ision MEMO Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd System IC Division Headquarter & Factory San 136-1,Ami-Ri ,Bubal-Eub,Ichon-Si,Kyoungki-Do,Korea 467-860 Tel : 82-336-630-2042/2484, Fax : 82-336-639-1412, E-mail : wkkim@hei.co.kr