U4224B TEMIC | Alldatasheet
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Technical content
Features
/C0068Very low power consumption /C0068Very high sensitivity /C0068High selectivity by using two crystal filters /C0068Power down mode available /C0068Only a few external components necessary /C0068Digitalized serial output signal /C0068AGC hold mode Block Diagram Power Supply Decoder AGC Amplifier PON DEC SB V CC GND 93 7727 eTCO 15 16 11 FLB FLA SL 45 6 1 3 1 4 7 8 Q1A Q1B Q2A Q2B REC INT 2IN Rectifier & Integrator
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 2 (17) Pin Description Pin Symbol Function SO 16 L
1 V CC Supply voltage
2 IN Amplifier – Input
3 GND Ground
4 SB Bandwidth control
5 Q1A Crystal filter 1
6 Q1B Crystal filter 1
7 REC Rectifier output
8 INT Integrator output
9 DEC Decoder input
10 FLA Low pass filter
11 FLB Low pass filter
12 SL AGC hold mode
13 Q2A Crystal filter 2
14 Q2B Crystal filter 2
15 PON Power ON/OFF control
16 TCO Time code output
9 DEC
A ferrite antenna is connected between IN and VCC . For high sensitivity the Q of the antenna circuit should be as high as possible, but a high Q often requires temperature compensation of the resonant frequency. Specifications are valid for Q > 30. An optimal signal to noise ratio will be achieved by a resonant resistance of 50 to 200 k/C0087. IN V CC 94 8379 SB A resistor RSB is connected between SB and GND. It con- trols the bandwidth of the crystal filters. It is recommended: R SB = 0 /C0087 for DCF 77.5 kHz, RSB = 10 k/C0087 for 60 kHz WWVB and R SB = open for JG2AS 40 kHz. SB GND 94 8381
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 3 (17) Q1A, Q1B In order to achieve a high selectivity, a crystal is con- nected between the pins Q1A and Q1B. It is used with the serial resonance frequency of the time code transmitter (e.g. 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40kHz JG2AS). The equivalent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is internally compensated. The compensated value is about 0.7 pF. If the full sensitivity and selectivity is not needed, the crystal filter can be substituted by a capacitor of 10 pF for DCF and WWVB and 22 pF for JG2AS. Q1A Q1B 94 8382 GND REC Rectifier output and integrator input: The capacitor C1 between REC and INT is the lowpass filter of the rectifier and at the same time a damping element of the gain control. REC GND 94 8374 DEC Decoder input: Senses the current through the integration capacitor C2. The dynamic input resistance has a value of about 420k/C0087 and is low compared to the impedance of C2. DEC GND94 8376 SL AGC hold mode: SL high (VSL = VCC ) sets normal func- tion, SL low (VSL = 0) disconnects the rectifier and holds the voltage VINT at the integrator output and also the AGC amplifier gain. V CC SL 94 8378 INT Integrator output: The voltage VINT is the control voltage for the AGC. The capacitor C2 between INT and DEC defines the time constant of the integrator. The current through the capacitor is the input signal of the decoder. INT GND 94 8375 FLA, FLB Lowpass filter: A capacitor C3 connected between FLA and FLB supresses higher frequencies at the trigger circuit of the decoder. FLB FLB 94 8377
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 4 (17) Q2A, Q2B According to Q1A, Q1B a crystal is connected between the pins Q2A and Q2B. It is used with the serial resonance frequency of the time code transmitter (e.g. 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40 kHz JG2AS). The equi- valent parallel capacitor of the filter crystal is internally compensated. The value of the compensation is about 0.7 pF. Q2A Q2B 94 8383 GND PON If PON is connected to GND, the U 4224 B receiver IC will be activated. The set-up time is typical 0.5s after applying GND at this pin. If PON is connected to V CC , the receiver will go into power down mode. V CC PON 94 8373 TCO The digitized serial signal of the time code transmitter can be directly decoded by a microcomputer. Details about the time code format of several transmitters are described separately. The output consists of a PNP/C0042NPN push-pull-stage. It should be taken into account that in the power down mode (PON = high) TCO will be high. V CC TCO GND PON 94 8380 An additional improvement of the driving capability may be achieved by using a CMOS driver circuit or a NPN transistor with pull-up resistor connected to the collector (see figure KEIN MERKER). Using a CMOS driver this circuit must be connected to V CC . 10 k/C0087 V CC pin16 TCO TCO 94 8395 e 100 k/C0087 Figure 1. Please note: The signals and voltages at the pins REC, INT, FLA, FLB, Q1A, Q1B, Q2A and Q2B cannot be measured by stan- dard measurement equipment due to very high internal impedances. For the same reason the PCB should be pro- tected against surface humidity. Design Hints for the Ferrite Antenna The bar antenna is a very critical device of the complete clock receiver. But by observing some basic RF design knowledge, no problem should arise with this part. The IC requires a resonance resistance of 50 k/C0087 to 200 k/C0087. This can be achieved by a variation of the L/C-relation in the antenna circuit. But it is not easy to measure such high resistances in the RF region. It is much more convenient to distinguish the bandwidth of the antenna circuit and afterwards to calculate the resonance resistance. Thus the first step in designing the antenna circuit is to measure the bandwidth. Figure 4 shows an example for the test circuit. The RF signal is coupled into the bar antenna by inductive means, e.g. a wire loop. It can be measured by a simple oscilloscope using the 10:1 probe. The input capacitance of the probe, typically about 10 pF, should be taken into consideration. By varying the frequency of the signal generator, the resonance frequency can be determined. ScopeRF - Signal generator 77.5 kHz C res Probe 10 : 1 wire loop 94 7907 e /C011910 M /C0087
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 5 (17) Afterwards, the two frequencies where the voltage of the rf signal at the probe drops 3 dB down can be measured. The difference between these two frequencies is called the bandwidth BW A of the antenna circuit. As the value of the capacitor Cres in the antenna circuit is well known, it is easy to compute the resonance resistance according to the following formula: R res /C00431 2 /C0064/C0112/C0064BW A /C0064C res whereas R res is the resonance resistance, BW A is the measured bandwidth (in Hz) C res is the value of the capacitor in the antenna circuit (in Farad) If high inductance values and low capacitor values are used, the additional parasitic capacitances of the coil must be considered. It may reach up to about 20 pF. The Q-value of the capacitor should be no problem if a high Q-type is used. The Q-value of the coil is more or less distinguished by the simple DC-resistance of the wire. Skin effects can be observed but do not dominate. Therefore it shouldn’t be a problem to achieve the recom- mended values of resonance resistance. The use of thicker wire increases Q and accordingly reduces bandwidth. This is advantageous in order to improve reception in noisy areas. On the other hand, temperature compen- sation of the resonance frequency might become a problem if the bandwidth of the antenna circuit is low compared to the temperature variation of the resonance frequency. Of course, Q can also be reduced by a parallel resistor. Temperature compensation of the resonance frequency is a must if the clock is used at different temperatures. Please ask your dealer of bar antenna material and of ca- pacitors for specified values of temperature coefficient. Furthermore some critical parasitics have to be consid- ered. These are shortened loops (e.g. in the ground line of the PCB board) close to the antenna and undesired loops in the antenna circuit. Shortened loops decrease Q of the circuit. They have the same effect like conducting plates close to the antenna. To avoid undesired loops in the antenna circuit it is recommended to mount the capacitor C res as close as possible to the antenna coil or to use a twisted wire for the antenna coil connection. This twisted line is also necessary to reduce feedback of noise from the microprocessor to the IC input. Long connection lines must be shielded. A final adjustment of the time code receiver can be done by pushing the coil along the bar antenna. The maximum of the integrator output voltage V INT at pin INT indicates the resonant point. But attention: The load current should not exceed 1 nA, that means an input resistance /C0119 1 G/C0087 of the measuring device is required. Therefore a special DVM or an isolation amplifier is necessary. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameters Symbol Value Unit Supply voltage V CC 5.25 V Ambient temperature range Tamb –25 to +75 /C0095C Storage temperature range R stg –40 to +85 /C0095C Junction temperature Tj 125 /C0095C Electrostatic handling (MIL Standard 883 D), excepted pins 5, 6, 13 and 14 ± V ESD 2000 V Thermal Resistance Parameters Symbol Value Unit Thermal resistance R thJA 70 K/W
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 6 (17)
Electrical Characteristics
V CC = 3 V , reference point pin 3, input signal frequency 80 kHz, Tamb = 25 /C0095C, unless otherwise specified Parameters Test Conditions / Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply voltage range pin 1 V CC 1.2 5.25 V Supply current pin 1 without reception signal with reception signal = 200/C0109V OFF-mode ICC 0.1 /C0109A /C0109A /C0109A Set-up time after VCC ON V CC = 1.5 V t 2 s AGC AMPLIFIER INPUT; IN pin 2 Reception frequency range fin 40 80 kHz Minimum input voltage R res = 100 k/C0087, Qres > 30 V in 1 1.5 /C0109V Maximum input voltage V in 40 80 mV Input capacitance to ground C in 1.5 pF TIMING CODE OUTPUT; TCO pin 16 Output voltage HIGH LOW R LOAD = 870 k/C0087 to GND R LOAD = 650 k/C0087 to VCC V OH V OL V CC -0.4 0.4 V V Output current HIGH LOW V TCO = VCC /2 V TCO = VCC /2 ISOURCE ISINK /C0109/C0065 /C0109/C0065 Decoding characteristics DCF77 based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 100 ms TCO pulse width 200 ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: drop down (start transition) rise for 100 ms pulse (end transition) rise for 200 ms pulse (end transition) t100 t200 ts te1 te2 160 190 130 230 ms ms ms ms ms Decoding characteristics WWVB based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 200 ms TCO pulse width 500 ms TCO pulse width 800 ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: drop down (start transition) rise (end transition) t200 t500 t800 ts te 140 440 740 200 500 800 ms ms ms ms ms
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 7 (17) UnitMax.Typ.Min.SymbolTest Conditions / PinParameters Decoding characteristics JG2AS based on the values of the application circuit page KEIN MERKER: TCO pulse width 200 ms TCO pulse width 500 ms TCO pulse width 800 ms Delay compared with the transient of the RF signal: start transition (RF on) end transition (RF off) t200 t500 t800 ts te 240 420 720 410 490 790 110 220 ms ms ms ms ms POWER ON/OFF CONTROL; PON pin 15 Input voltage HIGH LOW Required IIN /C0121 0.5 /C0109A V CC -0.2 V CC -1.2 V V Input current V CC = 3V V CC = 1.5 V V CC = 5 V IIN 1.4 1.7 0.7 2 /C0109A /C0109A /C0109A Set-up time after PON t 0.5 2 s AGC HOLD MODE; SL pin 12 Input voltage HIGH LOW Required IIN /C0121 0.5 /C0109A V CC -0.2 V CC -1.2 V V Input current Vin = VCC Vin = GND 2.5 0.1 /C0109A /C0109A Rejection of interference signals /C0551fd – fud/C0551 = 625 Hz V d = 3 /C0109V, fd = 77.5 kHz using 2 crystal filters using 1 crystal filter af af dB dB
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 8 (17) Test Circuit (for Fundamental Function) TCO GND SB Q1A V CC IN Q1B REC INT DEC FLA FLB SL Q2AQ2BPON Ipon Spon Vtco Vd 1.657V V CC 3 V Ivcc Iin Vin Vsb Ssb Isb Vrec Iint Srec Sint Vint Vint Vdec Idec Ssl Isl 1M1M 300k 100k 10M 420k82p 82p 680p 3.3 n 100M 10M Sdec Stco Test point: DVM with high and low input line for measuring of a voltage Vxx or a current lxx by conversion into a voltage. AGC- AMPLIFIER RECTIFIER DECODINGSTABILISATION U4224B Irec Vrec 94 8384 e 10M
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 9 (17) Application Circuit for DCF 77.5 kHz + VCC CONTROL LINES DISPLAY KEYBOARD 8 9 MICROCOMPUTER PON 3) TCO Ferrite Antenna 6.8 nF 10 nF 33 nF U4224B 94 8279 e 77.5 kHz 2) 77.5 kHz C 3 C 2 C 1 fres = 77.5 kHz SL 1) 1) If SL is not used, SL is connected to VCC 2) 77.5 kHz crystal can be replaced by 10 pF 3) If IC is activated, PON is connected to GND Application Circuit for WWVB 60 kHz + VCC CONTROL LINES DISPLAY KEYBOARD 8 9 MICROCOMPUTER PON 3) TCO Ferrite Antenna 15 nF 10 nF 47 nF U4224B 94 8278 e 60 kHz 2) 60 kHz C 3 C 2 C 1 fres = 60 kHz SL 1) 1) If SL is not used, SL is connected to VCC 2) 60 kHz crystal can be replaced by 10 pF 3) If IC is activated, PON is connected to GND RSB 10 k/C0087
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 10 (17) + VCC CONTROL LINES DISPLAY KEYBOAR 8 9 MICROCOMPUTER PON 3) TCO Ferrite Antenna 680 pF 10 nF 220 nF U4224B 94 7724 e 40 kHz 2) 40 kHz C 3 C 2 C 1 fres = 40 kHz SL 1) 1) If SL is not used, SL is connected to VCC 2) 40 kHz crystal can be replaced by 22 pF 3) If IC is activated, PON is connected to GNDR
1 M /C0087
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 11 (17) PAD Coordinates The T4224B is the die version of the U4224B. DIE size: 2.26 x 2.09 mm PAD size: 100 x 100 /C0109m (contact window 88 x 88 /C0109m) Thickness: 300 /C0109m /C0034 20 /C0109m Symbol x-axis//C0109m y-axis//C0109m IN1 128 758 IN 128 310 GND 354 124 SB 698 128 Q1A 1040 128 Q1B 1290 128 REC 1528 128 INT 1766 128 DEC 2044 268 Symbol x-axis//C0109m y-axis//C0109m FLA 2044 676 FLB 2044 1012 SL 2044 1624 Q2A 1980 1876 Q2B 1634 1876 PON 1322 1876 TCO 1008 1876 VCC 128 1098 The PAD coordinates are referred to the left bottom point of the contact window. PAD Layout TCO PON Q2B Q2A VCC IN1 IN GND SB Q1A Q1B REC INT SL FLB FLA DEC 94 8892 T4224B Reference point (0/0) y-axis x-axis
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 12 (17) Information Regarding German Transmitter Station: DCF 77, Frequency 77.5 kHz, Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Mainflingen/Germany, Geographical coordinates: 50/C0095 0.1’N, 09/C0095 00’E Time of transmission: permanent 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 55 0 5 10 coding when required minutes hours day of the week month year 35 45 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 29 31 32 33 34 35 1248 10 20 40 P1 1 2 4 81 0 2 0 P2 Z1Z2 S R P11 2040 Time Frame 1 Minute ( index count 1 second ) Time Frame calendar day minutes hours 20sec. s Start Bit Parity Bit P1 Parity Bit P2 Example:19.35 h 93 7527 Modulation: The carrier amplitude is reduced to 25 % at the beginning of each second for 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one) duration, excepting the 59th second. Time Code Format: (based on in- formation of Deutsche Bundespost) It consists of 1 minute time frames. No modulation at the beginning of the 59th second to recognize the switch over to the next 1 minute time frame. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, calendar day, day of the week, month and year between the 20th second and 58th second of the time frame, including the start bit S (200 ms) and parity bits P1, P2 and P3. Further there are 5 additional bits R (transmission by reserve antenna), A1 (announcement of change–over to the summer time), Z1 (during the summer time 200 ms, otherwise 100 ms), Z2 (during standard time 200 ms otherwise 100 ms) and A2 (announcement of leap second) transmitted between the 15th second and 19th second of the time frame.
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 13 (17) Information Regarding British Transmitter Station: MSF Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Teddington, Middlesex Geographical coordinates: 52/C0095 22’N, 01/C0095 11’W Time of transmission: permanent, excepting the first tues- day of each month from 10.00 h to 14.00 h. 05 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 55 05 1 035 45 year day of month month day of week hour minute minute identifier hour + minute day of week day + month year TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE TIME FRAME( index count 1 second) Parity check bits BST BST 7 GMT change impending 500 ms500 ms switch over to the next time frame 80 40 20 10 42 1 108 8 4 2 1 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 year month 17seconds 93 7528 0 1 Example: March 1993 Modulation: The carrier amplitude is switched off at the beginning of each second for the time of 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one). Time Code Format: It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of year, month, calendar day, day of the week, hours and minutes. At the switch–over to the next time frame, the carrier amplitude is reduced for 500 ms duration. The prescence of the fast code during the first 500 ms at the beginning of the minute in not guaranteed. The trans- mission rate is 100 bits/s and the code contains information of hour, minute, day and month.
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 14 (17) Information Regarding US Transmitter Station: WWVB Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 10 kW Location: Fort Collins Geographical coordinates: 40/C0095 40’N, 105/C0095 03’W Time of transmission: permanent. 0 51 0 2 0 2 5 30 40 50 55 0 51 0 TIME FRAME 35 45 P0 40 20 10 8421 P 1 0 1 2 35 4 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 P220 10 8 4 2 1 hours hours minutes minutes days FRM 100 200 2010 ADD SUBADD P4800 400 200 100 4020 UTI UTIsign correctionyear daylight savings time bits leap second warning bit leap year indicator bit ”0” = non leap year ”1” = leap year TIME FRAME 1 MINUTE ( index count 1 second) TIME FRAME Frame reference marker seconds 93 7529 e Example: UTC 18.42 h Modulation: The carrier amplitude is reduced 10 dB at the beginning of each second and is restored in 500 ms (binary one) or in 200 ms (binary zero). Time Code Format: It consists of 1 minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours, days and year. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers (P0 thru P5) and 1 frame reference marker with reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration.
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 15 (17) Information Regarding Japanese Transmitter Station: JG2AS Frequency 40 kHz Transmitting power 10 kW Location: Sanwa, Ibaraki Geographical coordinates: 36/C009511’ N, 139/C009551’ E Time of transmission: permanent 0 5 10 20 30 40 55 0 5 35 45 sec. 40 20 10 8 421 P 1 0 123 5 4 6 7 8 9 1 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 92 0 P220 10 8 4 21 hours Time Frame minutes 0.5 s 0.8 s 0.2 s 0.5 second: Binary one 0.8 second: Binary zero 0.2 second: Identifier markers P0...P5 93 7508 e 25 50 10 PO FRM 200 10 0 ADD SUB ADD minutes hours days frame reference marker (FRM) position identifier marker P0 position identifier marker P1 Example: 18.42 h Time Frame 1 Minute (index count 1 second) Time Frame dut1code Modulation: The carrier amplitude is 100% at the beginning of each se- cond and is switched off after 500 ms (binary one) or after 800 ms (binary zero). Time Code Format: It consists of one minute time frame. A time frame con- tains BCD–coded information of minutes, hours and days. In addition there are 6 position identifier markers (P0 thruP5) and one frame reference markers (FRM) with reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration. Ordering and Package Information Extended type number Package Remarks U4224B-CFL SO 16 L plastic U4224B-CFLG3 SO 16 L plastic Taping according to IEC–286–3 T4224B-CF no die on foil T4224B-CC no die on tray
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 16 (17) Dimensions in mm Package: SO 16 L 94 8961
Rev. A3, 02-Apr-96 17 (17) Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances. We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423