PFM4414VB6M24D0T00

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PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 1 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Isolated AC-DC Converter with PFC PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz PFM™ in a VIA Package AC-DC Converter C US ® S NRTLCU S Size: 4.35 x 1.40 x .37 in 110.6 x 35.5 x 9.3 mm Part Ordering Information Product Function Package Length Package Width Package Type Input Voltage Range Ratio Output Voltage (Range) Max Output Power Product Grade Option Field PFM 44 14 x B6 M 24 D0 y z z PFM = Power Factor Module Length in Inches x 10 Width in Inches x 10 B = Board VIA V = Chassis VIA Internal Reference C = -20 to 100°C T = -40 to 100°C 00 = Chassis/Always On 04 = Short Pin/Always On 08 = Long Pin/Always On Features & Benefits  Universal input (85 to 264 VAC)  24 VOUT, regulated, isolated  400 W maximum power  High efficiency  Built-in EMI filtering  Chassis mount or board mount packaging options  Always-on, self-protecting converter control architecture  SELV Output  Two temperature grades including operation to -40°C  Robust package  Versatile thermal management  Safe and reliable secondary-side energy storage  High MTBF  140 W/cubic inch power density  4414 package  External rectification and transient protection required Typical Applications  Small cell base stations  Telecom switching equipment  LED lighting  Industrial power systems Product Description The PFM in a VIA Package is a highly advanced 400 W AC-DC converter operating from a rectified universal AC input which delivers an isolated and regulated Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 24 V secondary output. This unique, ultra-low profile module incorporates AC-DC conversion, integrated filtering and transient surge protection in a chassis mount or PCB mount form factor. The PFM enables a versatile two-sided thermal strategy which greatly simplifies thermal design challenges. When combined with downstream Vicor DC-DC conversion components and regulators, the PFM allows the Power Design Engineer to employ a simple, low-profile design which will differentiate his end-system without compromising on cost or performance metrics. Product Ratings VIN = 85 – 264 V POUT = up to 400 W VOUT = 24 V IOUT = 16.7 A

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 2 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Typical PCB Mount Applications The PCB terminal option allows mounting on an industry standard printed circuit board, with two different pin lengths. Vicor offers a variety of downstream DC-DC converters driven by the 24 V output of the PFM in a VIA package. The 24 V output is usable directly by loads that are tolerant of the PFC line ripple, such as fans, motors, relays, and some types of lighting. Use downstream DC-DC Point of Load converters where more precise regulation is required.

24 V 10 A

3.3 V 10 A

1.8 V 8 A

Cool-Power® ZVS Buck 2 x Cool-Power® ZVS Buck _PFM™ VIA +IN -IN +OUT -OUT 24 V +++ C1 C2 C3 M1J1 85 -

264 Vac

+OUT -OUT AIM™ VIA L N MOV Parts List for Typical PCB Mount Applications J1 Qualtek 703 W IEC 320-C14 Power Inlet F1 Littelfuse 0216008.MXP 8 A 250 VAC 5 x 20 mm holder M1 Vicor AIM™ AIM1714BB6MC7D5yzz M2 Vicor PFM™ PFM4414BB6M24D0yzz C1, C2, (C3) Nichicon UVR1V153MRD 15,000 µF 35 V 4.3 A 25 x 50 mm bent 90°, x 3 pcs or CDE 380LX153M035A022 15,000 µF 35 V 5.6 A 35 x 30 mm snap in, x 3 pcs or Sic Safco Cubisic LP A712062 22,000 µF 35 V 5.8 A 45 x 75 x 12 mm rectangular, x 2 pcs MOV Littelfuse TMOV20RP300E VARISTOR 10 kA 300 V 250 J 20 mm

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 3 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Typical Chassis Mount Applications The PFM in a VIA package is available in Chassis Mount option, saving the cost of a PCB and allowing access to both sides of the power supply for cooling. The parts list below minimizes the number of interconnects required between necessary components, and selects components with terminals traditionally used for point to point chassis wiring. PFM™ VIA +IN -IN +OUT -OUT Fan Relays Coin BoxControllerDispensors 24 V C1 C2 C3 85 - AIM™ VIA +OUT -OUT L N MOV Parts List for Typical Chassis Mount Applications J1 Qualtek 719 W or 723 W IEC 320-C14 Power Inlet F1 Littelfuse 0216008.MXP 8 A 250 VAC 5 x 20 mm in J1, or separate fuse holder M1 Vicor AIM™ AIM1714VB6MC7D5y00 M2 Vicor PFM™ PFM4414VB6M24D0y00 C1, C2, C3 Nichicon LNT1V153MSE 15,000 µF 35 V 5.1 A 35 x 83 mm screw terminal or C1 Kemet ALS30A473KE040 47,000 µF 40 V 14.2 A 51 x 84 mm screw terminal MOV Littelfuse TMOV20RP300E VARISTOR 10 kA 300 V 250 J 20 mm

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 4 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 A1 C2 +IN +OUT TOP VIEW

4414 VIA PFM - Chassis Mount - Terminals Up

–OUT–IN B1 D2 –IN –OUT TOP VIEW

4414 VIA PFM - PCB Mount - Pins Down

+OUT+IN Pin Configuration Pin Descriptions Pin Number Signal Name Type Function A1 –IN INPUT POWER RETURN Negative input power terminal B1 +IN INPUT POWER Positive input power terminal C2 –OUT OUTPUT POWER RETURN Negative output power terminal D2 +OUT OUTPUT POWER Positive output power terminal Please note that these Pin drawings are not to scale.

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 5 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Absolute Maximum Ratings The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Parameter Comments Min Max Unit Input voltage +IN to –IN 1 ms max 0 600 Vpk Input voltage (+IN to -IN) Continuous, Rectified 0 275 VRMS Output voltage (+Out to -Out) -0.5 29 VDC Output current 0.0 24.7 A Screw Torque 4 mounting, 2 input, 2 output 4 (0.45) in/lbs (N-m) Operating junction temperature T-Grade -40 125 °C Storage temperature T-Grade -55 125 °C Dielectric Withstand* See note below Input-Case Basic Insulation 2121 Vdc Input-Output Reinforced Insulation 4242 Vdc Output-Case Functional Insulation 707 Vdc Output Current (A) Case Temperature (°C) Current Power 100 200 300 400 500 0.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Output Power (W) * Please see Dielectric Withstand section. See page 18. Safe Operating Area

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 6 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Electrical Specifications Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50 Hz and 60 Hz line frequencies, TJ = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified product grade. COUT is 44,000 µF +/- 20% unless otherwise specified. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Power Input Specification Input voltage range, continuous operation VIN 85 264 VRMS Input voltage range, transient, non-operational (peak) VIN 1 ms 600 V Input voltage cell reconfiguration low-to-high threshold VIN-CR+ 145 148 VRMS Input voltage cell reconfiguration high-to-low threshold VIN-CR- 132 135 VRMS Input current (peak) IINRP See Figure 8, Startup Waveforms 12 A Source line frequency range fline 47 63 Hz Power factor PF Input power >200 W 0.96 - Input inductance, maximum LIN Differential mode inductance, common mode inductance may be higher. See section "Source Inductance Considerations" on page 15. 1 mH Input capacitance, maximum CIN After bridge rectifier, between +IN and - IN 1.5 µF No Load Specification Input power – no load, maximum PNL 7 W Power Output Specification Output voltage set point VOUT VIN = 230 Vrms, 100% Load 23 24 25 V Output voltage, no load VOUT-NL Over all operating steady state line conditions 21 27 V Output voltage range (transient) VOUT Non-faulting abnormal line and load transient conditions 15 28.8 V Output power POUT See SOA on Page 5 400 W Efficiency h VIN = 230 V, full load, exclusive of input rectifier losses 90.5 92 %

85 V < VIN < 264 V, full load, exclusive of

input rectifier losses 90 %

85 V < VIN < 264 V, 75% load,

exclusive of input rectifier losses 90 % Output voltage ripple, switching frequency VOUT-PP-HF Over all operating steady-state line and load conditions, 20 MHz BW, measured at C3, Figure 5 100 1000 mV Output voltage ripple line frequency VOUT-PP-LF Over all operating steady-state line and load conditions, 20 MHz BW 1.5 3.5 V Output capacitance (external) COUT-EXT Allows for ±20% capacitor tolerance 27000 60000 µF Output turn-on delay TON From VIN applied 500 1000 ms Start-up setpoint aquisition time TSS Full load 500 1000 ms Cell reconfiguration response time TCR Full load 5.5 11 ms Voltage deviation (transient) %VOUT-TRANS -37.5 20 % Recovery time TTRANS 300 600 ms Line regulation %VOUT-LINE Full load 3 % Load regulation %VOUT-LOAD 10% to 100% load 3 % Output current (continuous) IOUT SOA 16.7 A Output current (transient) IOUT-PK 20 ms duration, average power ≤POUT, max 24.7 A

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 7 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Electrical Specifications (Cont.) Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50 Hz and 60 Hz line frequencies, TJ = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified product grade. COUT is 44,000 µF +/- 20% unless otherwise specified. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Powertrain Protections Input undervoltage turn-on VIN-UVLO+ See Timing Diagram 74 83 VRMS Input undervoltage turn-off VIN-UVLO- 65 71 VRMS Input overvoltage turn-on VIN-UVLO- See Timing Diagram 265 270 VRMS Input overvoltage turn-off VIN-UVLO+ 273 287 VRMS Output overvoltage threshold VOUT-UVLO+ Instantaneous, latched shutdown 29 30.5 32 V Upper start / restart temperature threshold (case) TCASE-OTP- 100 °C Overtemperature shutdown threshold (junction) TJ-OTP+ 125 °C Overtemperature shutdown threshold (case) TCASE-OTP+ 110 °C Overcurrent blanking time TOC Based on line frequency 400 460 550 ms Input overvoltage response time TPOVP 40 ms Input undervoltage response time TUVLO Based on line frequency 200 ms Output overvoltage response time TSOVP Powertrain on 30 ms Short circuit response time TSC Powertrain on, operational state 270 µs Fault retry delay time TOFF See Timing Diagram 10 s Output power limit PPROT 50% overload for 20 ms typ allowed 400 W

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 8 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Timing diagram VIN-RMS EN VOUT ILOAD VIN-OVLO+ Input Power On & UV Turn-on Full Load Applied EN Forced Low EN High Range Change LO to HI Range Change HI to LO Input OV Turn-off Input OV Turn-on Load Dump Load Step Input Power Off & UV Turn-off Input Output tCR tON VIN-UVLO+ ≈30VRMS 10% Load Applied tCR tTRANS (2 places) VIN-OVLO- VIN-UVLO- VIN-CR+ VIN-CR- VOUT-NL VOUT tON tON tPOVP tUVLOtEN-DIS tSStSS

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 9 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Timing diagram (Cont.) VIN-RMS VOUT ILOAD tON VIN-UVLO+ tOC tOFF+tON tOFF+tON tOC ≥tOFF+tON VOUT-OVLO+ tSOVP tON tSS VIN-UVLO- tSC tOFF+tON tOFF+tON EN tOC Input Power ON & UV Turn-on Output OC Fault Output OC Recovery Output OVP Fault Toggle EN (Output OVP Recovery) Output OVP Fault Recycle Input Power (Output OVP Recovery) Output SC Fault Output SC Recovery OT Fault Recovery Line Drop-Out Input Power Off & UV Turn-off Input Output tON VIN-UVLO+ )))) )))) ))))

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 10 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Application Characteristics Efficiency (%) Input Line Voltage 90.6 90.8 91.0 91.2 91.4 91.6 91.8 92.0 92.2 92.4 85 105 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 Figure 1 — Full load efficiency vs. line voltage No Load Power Dissipation (W) Input Line Voltage 85 105 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 20°C 80°C Figure 2 — Typical no load power dissipation vs. VIN , module enabled Current (mA)

230 V, 50 Hz 1/3x EN61000-3-2, Class A EN61000-3-2, Class D

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Figure 3 — Typical input current harmonics, full load vs. VIN using typical applications circuit on pages 2 & 3 Figure 5 — Typical switching frequency output voltage ripple waveform, TCASE = 30ºC, VIN = 230 V, IOUT = 16.7 A, no external ceramic capacitance, 20 MHZ BW Power Factor Output Power (W)

120 V/60 Hz 230 V/50 Hz 100 V/50 HzVIN:

0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 0 100 200 300 400 Figure 4 — Typical power factor vs. VIN and IOUT using typical applications circuit on pages 2 & 3 Figure 6 — Typical line frequency output voltage ripple waveform, TCASE = 30ºC, VIN = 230 V, IOUT = 16.7 A, COUT = 44,000 µF. 20 MHZ BW

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 12 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Load Current (A) Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W)

85 V 115 V 230 V

V :IN 85 V 115 V 230 V Eff P Diss 0 2 4 6 8 1 01 21 41 61 8 Figure 17 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs. VIN and IOUT , TCASE = 80ºC 115V, 90% load, QPk and Avg: 150 kHz 30 MHz Trd 55022RED SGL Unit dB æV 2AV 3QP ResBW 9 kHz Meas T 20 ms Det MA Att 20 dB INPUT 2 21.Dec 2015 11:12

1 MHz 10 MHz

Date: 21.DEC.2015 11:12:10 Figure 13 — Typical EMI Spectrum, QPk, Average Scan, 90% load,115 VIN, COUT = 44,000 µF using Typical Chassis Mount Application Circuit Application Characteristics (Cont.) 230V, 90% load, QPk and Avg: 150 kHz 30 MHz Trd 55022RED SGL Unit dB æV 2AV 3QP ResBW 9 kHz Meas T 20 ms Det MA Att 20 dB INPUT 2 21.Dec 2015 09:18 Date: 21.DEC.2015 09:18:37 Figure 14 — Typical EMI Spectrum, QPk, Average Scan, 90% load,

230 VIN, COUT = 44,000 µF using Typical Chassis Mount

Load Current (A) Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W) V :IN 85 V 115 V 230 V Eff P Diss 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Figure 15 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs. VIN and IOUT , TCASE = -40ºC Load Current (A) Efficiency (%) Power Dissipation (W) V :IN 85 V 115 V 230 V Eff P Diss 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Figure 16 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs. VIN and IOUT , TCASE = 25ºC

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 13 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz General Characteristics Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50 Hz and 60 Hz line frequencies, TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Mechanical Length L 110.6 / [4.35] mm / [in] Width W 35.5 / [1.40] mm / [in] Height H 9.3 / [0.37] mm / [in] Volume Vol Without heatsink 36.9 / [2.25] cm3/ [in3] Weight W 148 / [5.2] g / [oz] Pin material C145 copper, half hard Underplate Low stress ductile nickel 50 100 µin Pin finish Palladium 0.8 6 µin Soft Gold 0.12 2 µin Thermal Operating case temperature TC C - Grade, see derating curve in SOA -20 100 °C T - Grade, see derating curve in SOA -40 100 °C Thermal resistance, junction to case, top RJC_TOP 1.43 °C/W Thermal resistance, junction to case, bottom RJC_BOT 1.85 °C/W Coupling thermal resistance, top to bottom of case, internal RHOU 0.36 °C/W Shell Thermal capacity 54 J/K Thermal design See Thermal Design on Page 17 Assembly ESD rating ESDHBM Human Body Model, JEDEC JESD 22-A114C.01 1,000 VESDMM Machine Model, JEDEC JESD 22-A115B N/A ESDCDM Charged Device Model, JEDEC JESD 22-C101D 200 Safety Agency approvals/standards cTUVus, EN60950-1 and IEC 60950-1 cURus, UL 60950-1 and CAN/CSA 60950-1 CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable Touch Current measured in accordance with IEC 60990 using measuring network Figure 3 (PFM in a VIA package only) 0.5 mA

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 14 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 General Characteristics (Cont.) Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, 50 Hz and 60 Hz line frequencies, TC = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of the specified Product Grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit EMI/EMC Compliance (Pending) FCC Part 15, EN55022, CISPR22: 2006 + A1: 2007, Conducted Emissions Class B Limits - with –OUT connected to GND EN61000-3-2: 2009, Harmonic Current Emissions Class A EN61000-3-3: 2005, Voltage Changes & Flicker PST <1.0; PLT <0.65; dc <3.3% dmax <6% EN61000-4-4: 2004, Electrical Fast Transients Level 2, Performance Criteria A EN61000-4-5: 2006, Surge Immunity Level 3, Immunity Criteria A, external TMOV required EN61000-4-6: 2009, Conducted RF Immunity Level 2, 130 dBµV (3.0 VRMS) EN61000-4-8: 1993 + A1 2001, Power Frequency H-Field 10A/m, continuous field Level 3, Performance Criteria A EN61000-4-11: 2004, Voltage Dips & Interrupts Class 2, Performance Criteria A Dips, Performance Criteria B Interrupts Reliability Case Reliability Assurance Relex Modeling , Studio 2007,v2] Temp (°C) Duty Cycle Condition MTBF (MHrs) FIT 1 Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 1 25 100% GB,GC 0.702 1424

2 MIL-HDBK-217FN2 Parts Count - 25°C Ground Benign,

Stationary, Indoors / Computer 25 100% GB,GC 0.322 3102 3 Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 3 25 100% GB,GC 2.43 412

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 15 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Product Details and Design Guidelines Building Blocks and System Designs The VIA PFM is a high efficiency AC-to-DC converter, operating from a universal AC input to generate an isolated SELV 24 VDC output bus with power factor correction. It is the key component of an AC-to-DC power supply system such as the one shown in Figure 18 above. The input to the VIA PFM is a rectified sinusoidal AC source with a power factor maintained by the module with harmonics conforming to IEC 61000-3-2. Internal filtering enables compliance with the standards relevant to the application (Surge, EMI, etc.). See EMI/EMC Compliance standards on Page 14. The module uses secondary-side energy storage (at the SELV

24 V bus) to maintain output hold up through line dropouts and

brownouts. Downstream regulators also provide tighter voltage regulation, if required. Traditional PFC Topology To cope with input voltages across worldwide AC mains (85 – 264 Vac), traditional AC-DC power supplies (Figure 19) use two power conversion stages: 1) a PFC boost stage to step up from a rectified input as low as 85 Vac to ~380 Vdc; and 2) a DC-DC down converter from 380 Vdc to a 24 V bus. The efficiency of the boost stage and of traditional power supplies is significantly compromised operating from worldwide AC lines as low as 85 Vac. Adaptive Cell™ Topology With its single stage Adaptive Cell™ topology, the VIA PFM enables consistently high efficiency conversion from worldwide AC mains to a 24 V bus and efficient secondary-side power distribution. Input Fuse Selection PFM in a VIA package products are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics:  Recommended fuse: 216 Series Littelfuse 8A or lower current rating (usually greater than the PFM maximum current at lowest input voltage)  Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage)  Ambient temperature  Breaking capacity per application requirements  Nominal melting I2t Source Inductance Considerations The PFM Powertrain uses a unique Adaptive Cell Topology that dynamically matches the powertrain architecture to the AC line voltage. In addition the PFM uses a unique control algorithm to reduce the AC line harmonics yet still achieve rapid response to dynamic load conditions presented to it at the DC output terminals. Given these unique power processing features, the PFM can expose deficiencies in the AC line source impedance that may result in unstable operation if ignored. It is recommended that for a single PFM, the line source inductance should be no greater than 1 mH for a universal AC input of 100 - 240 V. If the PFM will be operated at 240 V nominal only , the source impedance may be increased to 2 mH. For either of the preceding operating conditions it is best to be conservative and stay below the maximum source inductance values. When multiple PFM’s are used on a single AC line, the inductance should be no greater than 1 mH/N, where N is the number of PFM’s on the AC branch circuit, or 2 mH/N for 240 Vac operation. It is important to consider all potential sources of series inductance including and not limited to, AC power distribution transformers, structure wiring inductance, AC line reactors, and additional line filters. Non-linear behavior of power distribution devices ahead of the PFM may further reduce the maximum inductance and require testing to ensure optimal performance. If the PFM is to be utilized in large arrays, the PFMs should be spread across multiple phases or sources thereby minimizing the source inductance requirements, or be operated at a line voltage close to 240 Vac. Vicor Applications should be contacted to assist in the review of the application when multiple devices are to be used in arrays. Fault Handling Input Undervoltage (UV) Fault Protection The input voltage is monitored by the micro-controller to detect an input under voltage condition. When the input voltage is less than the V IN-UVLO-, a fault is detected, the fault latch and reset logic disables the modulator, the modulator stops powertrain switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls. After a time t UVLO, the unit shuts down. Faults lasting less than tUVLO may not be detected. Such a fault does not go through an auto-restart cycle. Once the input voltage rises above VIN- UVLO+, the unit recovers from the input UV fault, the powertrain resumes normal switching after a time tON and the output voltage of the unit reaches the set-point voltage within a time tSS. Figure 18 – 400 W Universal AC-to-DC Supply Full Wave Rectifier EMI/TVS Filter Isolated DC / DC Converter

24 V Bus

Figure 19 – Traditional PFC AC-to-DC supply +IN -IN +OUT -OUT Holdup Capacitor PFM™ VIA AIM™ VIA +OUT -OUT L N

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 16 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 Overcurrent (OC) Fault Protection The unit’s output current, determined by VEAO, VIN_B and the primary- side sensed output voltage is monitored by the microcontroller to detect an output OC condition. If the output current exceeds its current limit, a fault is detected, the reset logic disables the modulator, the modulator stops powertrain switching, and the output voltage of the module falls after a time t OC. As long as the fault persists, the module goes through an auto-restart cycle with off time equal to tOFF + tON and on time equal to tOC. Faults shorter than a time tOC may not be detected. Once the fault is cleared, the module follows its normal start up sequence after a time t OFF. Short Circuit (SC) Fault Protection The microcontroller determines a short circuit on the output of the unit by measuring its primary sensed output voltage and EAO. Most commonly, a drop in the primary-sensed output voltage triggers a short circuit event. The module responds to a short circuit event within a time t SC. The module then goes through an auto restart cycle, with an off time equal to tOFF + tON and an on time equal to tSC, for as long as the short circuit fault condition persists. Once the fault is cleared, the unit follows its normal start up sequence after a time t OFF. Faults shorter than a time tSC may not be detected. Temperature Fault Protection The microcontroller monitors the temperature within the PFM. If this temperature exceeds T J-OTP+, an overtemperature fault is detected, the reset logic block disables the modulator, the modulator stops the powertrain switching and the output voltage of the PFM falls. Once the case temperature falls below T CASE-OTP-, after a time greater than or equal to tOFF, the converter recovers and undergoes a normal restart. For the C-grade version of the converter, this temperature is 75°C. Faults shorter than a time t OTP may not be detected. If the temperature falls below TCASE-UTP-, an undertemperature fault is detected, the reset logic disables the modulator, the modulator stops powertrain switching and the output voltage of the unit falls. Once the case temperature rises above T CASE-UTP, after a time greater than or equal to tOFF, the unit recovers and undergoes a normal restart. Output Overvoltage Protection (OVP) The microcontroller monitors the primary sensed output voltage to detect output OVP. If the primary sensed output voltage exceeds V OUT- OVLO+, a fault is latched, the logic disables the modulator, the modulator stops powertrain switching, and the output voltage of the module falls after a time t SOVP. Faults shorter than a time tSOVP may not be detected. This type of fault is a latched fault and requires that 1) the EN pin be toggled or 2) the input power be recycled to recover from the fault. Hold-up Capacitance The VIA PFM uses secondary-side energy storage (at the SELV 24 V bus) and optional PRM® regulators to maintain output hold up through line dropouts and brownouts. The module’s output bulk capacitance can be sized to achieve the required hold up functionality. Hold-up time depends upon the output power drawn from the VIA PFM based AC-to-DC front end and the input voltage range of downstream DC-to-DC converters. The following formula can be used to calculate hold-up capacitance for a system comprised of PFM and a downstream regulator: Output Filtering The VIA PFM requires an output bulk capacitor in the range of 27,000 μF to 60,000 μF for proper operation of the PFC front-end. A minimum 40,000 μF is recommended for full rated output. Capacitance can be reduced proportionally for lower maximum loads. The output voltage has the following two components of voltage ripple: 1) Line frequency voltage ripple: 2*f LINE Hz component 2) Switching frequency voltage ripple: 1 MHz module switching frequency component (see Figure 5). Line Frequency Filtering Output line frequency ripple depends upon output bulk capacitance. Output bulk capacitor values should be calculated based on line frequency voltage ripple. High-grade electrolytic capacitors with adequate ripple current ratings, low ESR and a minimum voltage rating of 35 V are recommended. C = 2*POUT*(0.005+td) / (V2 2 – V1 where: C VIA PFM’ s output bulk capacitance in farads td Hold-up time in seconds POUT VIA PFM’ s output power in watts V2 Output voltage of VIA PFM’ s converter in volts V1 Downstream regulator undervoltage turn off (volts) –OR– P OUT / IOUT-PK, whichever is greater. lPK lPK/2 loutDC lfLINE Figure 20 – Output current waveform

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 18 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474  Double side cooling: while this option might bring limited advantage to the module internal components (given the surface- to-surface coupling provided), it might be appealing in cases where the external thermal system requires allocating power to two different elements, like for example heatsinks with independent airflows or a combination of chassis/air cooling. Powering a Constant Power Load When the output voltage of the VIA PFM module is applied to the input of the downstream regulator, the regulator turns on and acts as a constant-power load. When the module’s output voltage reaches the input undervoltage turn on of the regulator, the regulator will attempt to start. However, the current demand of the downstream regulator at the undervoltage turn-on point and the hold-up capacitor charging current may force the VIA PFM into current limit. In this case, the unit may shut down and restart repeatedly. In order to prevent this multiple restart scenario, it is necessary to delay enabling a constant-power load when powered up by the upstream VIA PFM until after the output set point of the VIA PFM is reached. This can be achieved by 1. keeping the downstream constant-power load off during power up sequence and 2. turning the downstream constant-power load on after the output voltage of the module reaches 24 V steady state After the initial startup, the output of the PFM can be allowed to fall to 15 V during a line dropout at full load. In this case, the circuit should not disable the downstream regulator if the input voltage falls after it is turned on; therefore, some form of hysteresis or latching is needed on the enable signal for the constant power load. The output capacitance of the VIA PFM should also be sized appropriately for a constant power load to prevent collapse of the output voltage of the module during line dropout (see Hold up Capacitance on Page 16). A constant-power load can be turned off after completion of the required hold up time during the power-down sequence or can be allowed to turn off when it reaches its own undervoltage shutdown point. The timing diagram in Figure 23 shows the output voltage of the VIA PFM and the downstream regulator’s enable pin voltage and output voltage of the PRM regulator for the power up and power down sequence. It is recommended to keep the time delay approximately 10 to 20 ms. Special care should be taken when enabling the constant-power load near the auto-ranger threshold, especially with an inductive source upstream of the VIA PFM. A load current spike may cause a large input voltage transient, resulting in a range change which could temporarily reduce the available power (see Adaptive Cell™ Topology below). Adaptive Cell™ Topology The Adaptive Cell topology utilizes magnetically coupled “top” and “bottom” primary cells that are adaptively configured in series or parallel by a configuration controller comprised of an array of switches. A microcontroller monitors operating conditions and defines the configuration of the top and bottom cells through a range control signal. A comparator inside the microcontroller monitors the line voltage and compares it to an internal voltage reference. If the input voltage of the PFM crosses above the positive going cell reconfiguration threshold voltage, the top cell and bottom cell configure in series and the unit operates in “high” range. If the peak of input voltage of the unit falls below the negative-going range threshold voltage for two line cycles, the cell configuration controller configures the top cell and bottom cell in parallel, the unit operates in “low” range. Power processing is held off while transitioning between ranges and the output voltage of the unit may temporarily droop. External output hold up capacitance should be sized to support power delivery to the load during cell reconfiguration. The minimum specified external output capacitance is sufficient to provide adequate ride-through during cell reconfiguration for typical applications. Waveforms showing active cell reconfiguration can be seen in Figure 9. Dielectric Withstand The chassis of the PFM is required to be connected to Protective Earth when installed in the end application and must satisfy the requirements of IEC 60950-1 for Class I products. Both sides of the housing are required to be connected to Protective Earth to satisfy safety and EMI requirements. Protective earthing can be accomplished through dedicated wiring harness (example: ring terminal clamped by mounting screw) or surface contact (example: pressure contact on bare conductive chassis or PCB copper layer with no solder mask). The PFM contains an internal safety approved isolating component (VI ChiP) that provides the Reinforced Insulation from Input to Output. The isolating component is individually tested for Reinforced Insulation from Input to Output at 3000 Vac or 4242 Vdc prior to the final assembly of the VIA™. When the VIA assembly is complete the Reinforced Insulation can only be tested at Basic Insulation values as specified in the electric strength Test Procedure noted in clause 5.2.2 of IEC 60950-1. Test Procedure Note from IEC 60950-1 “For equipment incorporating both REINFORCED INSULATION and lower grades of insulation, care is taken that the voltage applied to the REINFORCED INSULATION does not overstress BASIC INSULATION or SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION.” VIA PFM Downstream Regulator PRM UV Turn on 24V – 3% Downstream Regulator VOUT tDELAY tHOLD-UP VOUT Enable Figure 23 – PRM Enable Hold off Waveforms

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 20 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 VIA PFM Chassis Mount Package Mechanical Drawing 1.171 29.750 .11 2.90 .15 3.86 THRU (4) PL. DIM 'A' DIM 'B' ,1387 ,16(57 72%( 5(029(' 35,25 7286( 86(7<&2/8* $//352'8&76 86(7<&2/8* 352'8&76 $1' 86(7<&2/8*25 352'8&76 $1' 287387 ,16(57 72%( 5(029(' 35,25 7286( RED BLACK BLUE

8 WHITE

DIM 'C' .37±.015 9.30±.381 23.98 609.14 1.40 35.54 127(6 PRODUCT DIM 'A' DIM 'B' DIM 'C' 2414 (0 STAGE) 2223 1.13 [28.70] NA 2.38 [60.42] 2814 (1 STAGE) 2223 1.59 [40.34] NA 2.84 [72.05] Product outline drawing; Product outline drawings are available in .pdf and .dxf formats. 3D mechanical models are available in .pdf and .step formats.

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 21 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz VIA PFM PCB Mount Package Mechanical Drawing and Recommended Land Pattern .11 2.90 .112±.010 2.846±.254 .947±.010 24.058±.254 1.171 29.750 .156 3.970 .859±.010 21.810±.254 .452±.010 11.475±.254 .067 1.700 .134 3.400 .201 5.100 .268 6.800 DIM 'F' ±.010 [.254] DIM 'D' ±.010 [.254] DIM 'G' ±.010 [.254] BOTTOM VEW 1 2 3 4 10 12 11 13 1.40 35.54 5 6 7 8 9 DIM 'C' DIM 'E' DIM 'L' ±.010 [.254] .080 2.032 (2) PL. .150 3.810 (2) PL. .025 .635 (5) PL. .37±.015 9.30±.381 SEATING PLANE DIM 'A' DIM 'B' .15 3.86 (4) PL. TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE) DIM 'F' ±.003 [.076] DIM 'B'' ±.003 [.076] DIM 'D'' ±.003 [.076] DIM 'G'' ±.003 [.076] .112±.003 2.846±.076 1.171±.003 29.750±.076 .947±.003 24.058±.076 .156±.003 3.970±.076 .859±.003 21.810±.076 .452±.003 11.475±.076 .067±.003 1.700±.076 .134±.003 3.400±.076 .201±.003 5.100±.076 .268±.003 6.800±.076 .190±.003 4.826±.076 PLATED THRU .030 [.762] ANNULAR RING (2) PL .172±.003 4.369±.076 PLATED THRU .064 [1.626] ANNULAR RING (4) PL. .120±.003 3.048±.076 PLATED THRU .030 [.762] ANNULAR RING (2) PL SEE DETAIL A 2 1 11 10 13 12 4 3 RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN (COMPONENT SIDE) .040±.003 1.016±.076 PLATED THRU .008 [.203] ANNULAR RING (5) PL .023 .584 TYP .046 1.168 (3) PL. .023 .584 TYP DETAIL A SCALE 8 : 1 9 8 7 6 5 NOTES: 1- RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION. 2- SEE PRODUCT DATA SHEET FOR PIN DESIGNATIONS. PRODUCT DIM 'A' DIM 'B' DIM 'C' DIM 'D' DIM 'E' DIM 'F' DIM 'G' DIM 'L' SHORT .103 [2.607] LONG .182 [4.613] 3- 5 PIN SIGNAL CONNECTOR OMITTED IN ALWAYS ON VERSIONS.

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 22 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474

Revision History

Revision Date Description Page Number(s) 1.0 12/24/15 Intitial release n/a

PFM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.0 vicorpower.com Page 23 of 23 12/2015 800 927.9474 PFM4414xB6M24D0yzz Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request. Product Warranty In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the “Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Life Support Policy VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: Patents Pending. Vicor Corporation

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