MSL2160 ATMEL | Alldatasheet
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Technical content
16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface Datasheet Brief
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 The MSL2160 features a 20MHz SPI bus, and the MSL2161 offers a 1MHz I2C serial interface. Both interfaces support video frame-by-frame LED string intensity control for up to eight interconnected devices, allowing active area dimming and phase shifted PWM dimming for improved performance. Both devices include an advanced PWM engine that synchronizes PWM dimming to the video signal for reduced motion blur and waterfall noise. The MSL2160/1 adaptively controls the DC-DC converters that power the LED strings using Atmel's Adaptive SourcePower™ technology. This scheme optimizes power consumption without sacrificing LED current accuracy. Peak LED string currents are set using current sense resistors, and global string current is adjustable with 8-bit control. Global string drive pulse width is adjusted with an 8-bit global intensity register, and individual string pulse width is modulated with 12-bit control. The MSL2160/1 monitors the LED strings for open circuit, short circuit, loss- of-sync, and over-temperature faults, and provide a hardware fault output to notify the MCU. Detailed fault status and control are available through the serial interface. Additionally, the MSL2160/1 includes an on-chip EEPROM that allows the power-up defaults to be customized via the serial interface. The MSL2160/1 are offered in 9 x 9 x 0.85mm, 64-pin TQFN packages and operate over a -40°C to +105°C temperature range.
Applications
Long Life, Efficient LED Backlighting for:
- Televisions and Desktop Monitors
- Medical and Industrial Instrumentation
- Automotive Audio-visual Displays Channel Signs Architectural Lighting General Description The Atmel® LED Drivers- MSL2160 and MSL2161 compact, high-power LED string drivers use external current control MOSFETs to sink up to 350mA per string, with current accuracy and matching better than 1.5%. The MSL2160/1 drive 16 parallel strings of LEDs, and offer fault detection and management of open and short circuit LEDs.
Ordering Information
16-CHANNEL LED STRING DRIVERS PART INTERFACE PACKAGE MSL2160DQ SPI 64-pin, 9 x 9 x 0.85mm TQFN MSL2161DQ I2C 64-pin, 9 x 9 x 0.85mm TQFN Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 Key Features
- 12-bit PWM String Dimming
- Fast Serial Interfaces Support up to 8 Devices per Bus: - MSL2161 - 1MHz I2C - MSL2160 - 20MHz SPI
- 8-bit Adaptive Power Correction Maximizes Efficiency of up to Three String Power Supplies
- External MOSFETs for High Voltage and/or Current
- Drives up to 16 Parallel LED Strings per Device
- Supports Adaptive, Real-time Area Dimming for Highest Dynamic Range in LCD TVs and Monitors
- Programmable String Phase Reduces Motion Blur and Improves Efficiency
- Global Intensity Control via Serial Interface
- ±1.5% Current Accuracy and Current Balance
- Flexible Video Frame (VSYNC) and Line (HSYNC) Sync Include Frequency Multipliers and Dividers
- Second Set of PWM Registers Select Alternate Brightness and Timing with Single Control
- EEPROM Saves Power-on Default Settings
- LED Open Circuit and Short Circuit Fault Detection
- Individual Fault Detection Enable for Each String
- Over-temperature Shut-off Protection
- Broadcast Write Simplifies Configuration
- -40°C To +105°C Operating Temperature Range Application Circuit Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
are optimized for FETs requiring up to 10nC of charge. EO outputs to maximize the efficiency for each supply. LEDs in an LCD monitor or TV application. input. This synchronization eliminates beating artifacts. Table 1. Area LED dimming for direct backlighting is supported for contrast and color gamut improvement. delay available through a single control bit. Table 1. LED Common Backlight Drive Architectures and Features
Table 2. Timing and LED Intensity Control Capability Figure 1. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2161 Pin-out, 64-pin TQFN. Figure 2. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2160 Pin-out, 64-pin TQFN.
33 S12
Figure 3. Package Dimensions: 64-pin, 9mm x 9mm x 0.85mm TQFN (0.5mm pin pitch) with Exposed Pad.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Table 3. Pin Assignments
1 G4 G4
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 4. Connect G4 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 4. If unused, leave G4 unconnected.
2 D4 D4
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 4. Connect D4 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 4. If unused, connect D4 to ground.
3 S5 S5
Source sense input for external MOSFET 5. Connect S5 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 5. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S5 to ground.
4 G5 G5
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 5. Connect G5 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 5. If unused, leave G5 unconnected.
5 D5 D5
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 5. Connect D5 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 5. If unused, connect D5 to ground.
6 S6 S6
Source sense input for external MOSFET 6. Connect S6 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 6. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S6 to ground.
7 G6 G6
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 6. Connect G6 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 6. If unused, leave G6 unconnected.
8 D6 D6
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 6. Connect D6 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 6. If unused, connect D6 to ground.
9 S7 S7
Source sense input for external MOSFET 7. Connect S7 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 7. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S7 to ground.
10 G7 G7
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 7. Connect G7 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 7. If unused, leave G7 unconnected.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 PIN PIN NAME PIN DESCRIPTION MSL2161 MSL2160
11 D7 D7
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 7. Connect D7 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 7. If unused, connect D7 to ground.
12 NC MISO
MSL2161: No connect Make no connection to NC. MSL2160: Master input slave output MISO is the SPI serial data output.
13 SDA MOSI
MSL2161: I²C serial data I/O SDA is the data I/O for the I²C serial interface. MSL2160: Master output slave input MOSI is the SPI serial data input.
14 SCL SCK
MSL2161: I²C serial clock input SCL is the clock input for the I²C serial interface. MSL2160: SPI serial shift clock SCK is the clock input for the SPI bus.
15 GND CSB
MSL2161: Ground Connect GND to system ground and to EP with short, wide traces. MSL2160: Chip select bar CSB is the chip select input for SPI transactions. CSB is active low.
16 FLTB FLTB
Fault indication output (active low) Open drain output FLTB sinks current to GND whenever a fault is detected and verified. FLTB remains low until the fault registers are read, and reasserts if the fault persists.
17 ADDR ADDR Slave ID selection inputs
Connect ADDR to GND through a resistor to set the device address for the serial interface.
18 FBO3 FBO3
Efficiency Optimizer output 3 Connect FBO3 to the third power supply’s feedback node. Connect FBO3 to GND if unused.
19 FBO2 FBO2 Efficiency Optimizer output 2
Connect FBO2 to the second power supply’s feedback node. Connect FBO2 to GND if unused.
20 FBO1 FBO1 Efficiency Optimizer output 1
Connect FBO1 to the first power supply’s feedback node. Connect FBO1 to GND if unused.
21 S8 S8
Source sense input for external MOSFET 8. Connect S8 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 8. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S8 to ground.
22 G8 G8
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 8. Connect G8 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 8. If unused, leave G8 unconnected.
23 D8 D8
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 8. Connect D8 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 8. If unused, connect D8 to ground. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
24 S9 S9
Source sense input for external MOSFET 9. Connect S9 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 9. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S9 to ground.
25 G9 G9
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 9. Connect G9 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 9. If unused, leave G9 unconnected.
26 D9 D9
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 9. Connect D9 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 9. If unused, connect D9 to ground.
27 S10 S10
Source sense input for external MOSFET 10. Connect S10 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 10. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S10 to ground.
28 G10 G10
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 10. Connect G10 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 10. If unused, leave G10 unconnected.
29 D10 D10
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 10. Connect D10 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 10. If unused, connect D10 to ground.
30 S11 S11
Source sense input for external MOSFET 11. Connect S11 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 11. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S11 to ground.
31 G11 G11
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 11. Connect G11 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 11. If unused, leave G11 unconnected.
32 D11 D11
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 11. Connect D11 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 11. If unused, connect D11 to ground.
33 S12 S12
Source sense input for external MOSFET 12. Connect S12 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 12. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S12 to ground.
34 G12 G12
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 12. Connect G12 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 12. If unused, leave G12 unconnected.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 PIN PIN NAME PIN DESCRIPTION MSL2161 MSL2160
35 D12 D12
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 12. Connect D12 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 12. If unused, connect D12 to ground.
36 S13 S13
Source sense input for external MOSFET 13. Connect S13 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 13. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S13 to ground.
37 G13 G13
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 13. Connect G13 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 13. If unused, leave G13 unconnected.
38 D13 D13
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 13. Connect D13 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 13. If unused, connect D13 to ground.
39 S14 S14
Source sense input for external MOSFET 14. Connect S14 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 14. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S14 to ground.
40 G14 G14
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 14. Connect G14 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 14. If unused, leave G14 unconnected.
41 D14 D14
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 14. Connect D14 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 14. If unused, connect D14 to ground.
42 S15 S15
Source sense input for external MOSFET 15. Connect S15 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 15. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S15 to ground.
43 G15 G15
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 15. Connect G15 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 15. If unused, leave G15 unconnected.
44 D15 D15
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 15. Connect D15 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 15. If unused, connect D15 to ground.
45 VCC VCC
5V internal LDO regulator output VCC powers the FBO outputs. Bypass VCC to GND with a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor placed close to VCC. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
46 PHI PHI
Drive PHI with an external signal from 40Hz to 10kHz to synchronize the MSL2160/1 clock. PHI is typically driven with the VSYNC signal.
47 GSC GSC
Drive GSC with the gate shift clock of the video signal, from to MHz. GSC is typically driven with the HSYNC signal.
48 PWM PWM
PWM allows external control of the brightness of all LED strings. frequency up to 5kHz. When not configured as an input, PWM is high impedance.
49 EN EN
Drive EN high to turn on the MSL2160/1, drive EN low to turn off the MSL2160/1. For automatic start up, connect EN to VIN. When EN is low the entire device, including the serial interface, is turned off.
50 VIN VIN
ceramic capacitor placed close to VIN.
51 VDD VDD
Bypass VDD to GND with a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor placed close to VDD.
52 S0 S0
Source sense input for external MOSFET 0. Connect S0 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 0. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S0 to ground.
53 G0 G0
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 0. Connect G0 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 0. If unused, leave G0 unconnected.
54 D0 D0
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 0. Connect D0 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 0. If unused, connect D0 to ground.
55 S1 S1
Source sense input for external MOSFET 1. Connect S1 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 1. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S1 to ground.
56 G1 G1
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 1. Connect G1 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 1. If unused, leave G1 unconnected.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 PIN PIN NAME PIN DESCRIPTION MSL2161 MSL2160
57 D1 D1
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 1. Connect D1 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 1. If unused, connect D1 to ground.
58 S2 S2
Source sense input for external MOSFET 2. Connect S2 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 2. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S2 to ground.
59 G2 G2
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 2. Connect G2 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 2. If unused, leave G2 unconnected.
60 D2 D2
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 2. Connect D2 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 2. If unused, connect D2 to ground.
61 S3 S3
Source sense input for external MOSFET 3. Connect S3 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 3. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S3 to ground.
62 G3 G3
Gate drive output for external MOSFET 3. Connect G3 to the gate of the external MOSFET driving LED string 3. If unused, leave G3 unconnected.
63 D3 D3
Drain sense input for external MOSFET 3. Connect D3 through a 10MΩ resistor to the drain of the external MOSFET driving LED string 3. If unused, connect D3 to ground.
64 S4 S4
Source sense input for external MOSFET 4. Connect S4 to the source of the external MOSFET and to the current sense resistor for LED string 4. The full-scale LED current threshold is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. If unused, connect S4 to ground. EP EP EP Exposed pad, power ground EP is the thermal relief pad for the device. Connect EP to system ground and GND using short, wide traces. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 Absolute Maximum Ratings Voltage (With Respect to GND) Current (Into Pin) Continuous Power Dissipation
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161
Electrical Characteristics
Typical Application Circuit, VVIN = 12V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = +25°C PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VIN Operating Supply Voltage 10.8 12 13.2 V VIN Operating Supply Current All LED strings on 50% duty cycle 15 30 mA All LED strings on 100% duty cycle 30 70 VIN Shutdown Supply Current EN = GND 500 µA VIN Sleep Supply Current SLEEP = 1, SDA, SCL, ADDR, PWM, PHI and GSC at GND or VDD 2.75 mA VCC Regulation Voltage 4.5 5.0 5.5 V VDD Regulation Voltage 2.4 2.5 2.6 V EN Input High Voltage 1.8 V EN Input Low Voltage 0.9 V PWM, PHI, GSC, Input High Voltage 0.7 x V VDD V PWM, PHI, GSC, Input Low Voltage 0.3 x VVDD V PHI, GSC Output High Voltage ISOURCE = 5mA VVDD – 0.4 PHI, GSC, FLTB Output Low Voltage ISINK = 6mA 0.4 V FBO1 - FBO3 Feedback Output Current FBOn DAC = 0xFF, VFBOn = 0 208 306 360 µA FBO1 - FBO3 Feedback Output Current Step INCRSTEP[0:1] = 00, DECRSTEP[0:1] = 00 1.2 μA D0 - D15 Short Circuit Fault Detection Threshold 8 V G0 - G15 Open Circuit Fault Detection Threshold 8 V G0 - G15 Maximum Gate Drive Current 0.7 mA G0 - G15 Maximum Gate Drive Voltage V VIN – 2.5 V S0 - S15 Regulation Voltage ISTR = 0xFF 475 500 525 mV S0 - S15 Voltage Accuracy ISTR = 0x7F, TA = +25°C -1.5 +1.5 ISTR = 0x7F -4 +4 S0 - S15 Regulation Voltage Matching ISTR = 0x7F, TA = +25°C, 1st string to all others -0.5 +0.5 ISTR = 0x7F, string to average of all strings -1.5 +1.5 Thermal Shutdown Temperature Temperature rising, hysteresis = 15°C (Note 1) 135 °C Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT SPI LOGIC LEVELS, MSL2160 MOSI, SCK, CSB Input High Voltage 0.7 x VVDD V MOSI, SCK, CSB Input Low Voltage 0.3 x VVDD V MISO Output High Voltage ISOURCE = 5mA VVCC – 0.4 V MISO Output Low Voltage ISINK = 6mA 0.4 V PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT I2C LOGIC LEVELS, MSL2161 SDA, SCL Input High Voltage 0.7 x VVDD V SDA, SCL Input Low Voltage 0.3 x VVDD V SDA Output Low Voltage ISINK = 6mA 0.4 V PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Internal Oscillator Frequency fOSC OSCFREQ = 0x04, TA = 25°C 19.4 20 20.6 MHz PHI Frequency fPHI 0.04 10 kHz GSC Frequency GSCMUL = 0, GSCDIV = 0 (Note 9) fPHI 2.5 MHz PWM Frequency EXTALTEN = 0 (Note 1) 5 kHz EXTALTEN = 1 (Note 1) 1 PWM Duty Cycle (Note 1, Note 9) 0 100 % PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT SPI TIMING CHARACTERISTICS, MSL2160 SCK Frequency 20 MHz CSB to Rising Edge of SCK Setup Time tCSB:SCK(SU) 20 ns Rising Edge of SCK to CSB Hold Time tCSB:SCK(HD) 20 ns MOSI to Rising Edge of SCK Setup Time tMOSI(SU) 20 ns Rising Edge of SCK to MOSI Hold Time tMOSI(HD) 20 ns CSB Falling Edge to MISO Data Valid tCSB:MISO(DV) 50 ns CSB Rising Edge to MISO High Impedance tCSB:MISO(HIZ) (Note 1) 50 ns
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT SCK Falling Edge to MISO Data Valid tVALID (Note 1) 20 ns SCK High Time 20 ns SCK Low Time 20 ns MOSI, CSB, SCK Signal Rise Time tR(SPI) Receiving (Note 6) 5.0 ns MOSI, CSB, SCK Signal Fall Time tF(SPI) Receiving (Note 6) 5.0 ns MISO Signal Rise Time Cload = 10pF (Note 6) 20 ns MISO Signal Fall Time Cload = 10pF (Note 6) 20 ns PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT I²C TIMING CHARACTERISTICS, MSL2161 SCL Clock Frequency 1/tSCL I2CTOEN = 0 (Note 2) 0 1 MHz Bus Timeout Period ttimeout fOSC = 20MHz, TA = 25°C 29 30 31 ms fOSC = 16MHz to 23MHz 600,000 / fOSC s STOP to START Condition Bus Free Time tBUF 0.5 µs Repeated START condition Hold Time tHD:STA 0.26 µs Repeated START condition Setup Time tSU:STA 0.26 µs STOP Condition Setup Time tSU:STOP 0.26 µs SDA Data Hold Time tHD:DAT 0 ns SDA Data Valid Acknowledge Time tVD:ACK (Note 3) 0.05 0.45 µs SDA Data Valid Time tVD:DAT (Note 4) 0.05 0.45 µs SDA Data Set-Up Time tSU:DAT 100 ns SCL Clock Low Period tLOW 0.5 µs SCL Clock High Period tHIGH 0.26 µs SDA, SCL Fall Time tf (Note 1, Note 5, Note 6) 120 ns SDA, SCL Rise Time tr 120 ns SDA, SCL Input Suppression Filter Period tSP (Note 2, Note 7) 50 ns Note 1. Guaranteed by design, not production tested. Note 2. Minimum SCL clock frequency is limited by the bus timeout feature, which resets the serial bus interface if either SDA or SCL is held low for time-out. Disable bus timeout via the Fault Enable register 0x03[D6]. Note 3. tVD:ACK = SCL LOW to SDA (out) LOW acknowledge time. Note 4. tVD:DAT = minimum SDA output data-valid time following SCL LOW transition. Note 5. A master device must internally provide an SDA hold time of at least 300ns to ensure an SCL low state. Note 6. The maximum SDA, SCL and MOSI rise times are 300ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between these inputs and the bus lines without exceeding the maximum allowable rise time. The maximum SDA and MISO fall time is 250ns. Note 7. The MSL2161 includes input filters on SDA, SCL and ADDR inputs that suppress noise less than 50ns. Note 8. The GSC input frequency multiplied by (GSCMUL + 1) should not exceed 2.5MHz. Note 9. When PWMDIRECT = 1 and PHDLYEN = 1 (external PWM with auto phase shift enabled), PWM duty cycles at 0% and 100% are guaranteed, other duty cycles require minimum on or off time of one full internal oscillator clock cycle and frequency greater than (f OSC/106)Hz. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Figure 4. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2161 Driving 160 White LEDs in 16 Strings
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 The MSL2160 and MSL2161 are highly integrated, flexible, multi-string LED drivers that use external MOSFETs to allow high LED string currents, and include power supply control to maximize efficiency. The drivers optionally connect to a video subsystem to offer a simple architecture for use in LCD TV backlight applications. Up to eight devices can be cascaded together to drive large numbers of LED strings in a system. The drivers provide multiple methods of controlling LED brightness through both peak current control and pulse width control of the string drive signals. Peak current control offers excellent color consistency, while pulse width control allows brightness management. An on-chip EEPROM holds all the default control register values. At power-up, the data in the EEPROM are automatically copied directly to the control registers, setting up the device for operation. The factory programmed EEPROM values can be changed through the serial interface if a different power- up condition is desired. The devices interface to an MCU via I 2C (MSL2161) or SPI (MSL2160). The robust 1MHz I 2C interface supports up to eight devices on the bus. The 20MHz, bus-addressable SPI bus supports up to eight devices per chip select line. While typically the LED drive PWM signal is internally generated, both drivers also accept an external direct PWM drive signal applied to the PWM input that sets the PWM duty and the frequency of the LEDs drive signal. Both devices also feature phase spreading when external PWM direct drive is used. With phase spreading enabled, a progressive 1/16 phase delay per string helps reduce both the transient load on the LED power supplies and the power supply input capacitor size requirements. The PWM frequency of the drivers is either synchronized to an external signal applied to PHI, generated from the internal oscillator for standalone applications, or set directly by a signal at the PWM input. Typically the VSYNC signal from the video system is used for the PHI input. A frequency multiplier (1x to 32x) processes this signal for use by the PWM engine. The on time of each string is individually programmed via the device registers, providing a peak resolution of 12 bits when using the on- chip PWM generator. The actual resolution of the PWM frequency depends on the ratio of the GSC frequency (typically provided by a systems HSYNC signal, but can be internally generated) to the PHI frequency because the on time of a string is programmed as a 12-bit count of the number of GSC clock cycles. This count can be further scaled by an 8-bit global intensity value, when enabled. The GSC clock is also used to precisely set each string’s phase delay so that it is synchronized to its physical position relative to the video frame. The Efficiency Optimizers control a wide range of different external DC-DC and AC-DC converter architectures. Multiple drivers in a system communicate in real time among themselves to select an optimized operating voltage for the LEDs. This allows design of the power supply for the worst case forward voltage (V of the LEDs without concern about excessive power dissipation issues. During the start-up sequence, the MSL2160/1 automatically reduces the power supply voltage to the minimum voltage required to keep the LEDs in current regulation. The devices can be configured to periodically perform this optimization to compensate for changes in LED forward voltage, and to assure continued optimum power savings. Detailed Description Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Figure 5. FBOn Connects to the Power Supply Voltage Divider Through a Diode. R 5.0= , where ILED is in amperes and RS is in ohms. from the full-scale value with 8-bit resolution using ISTR, the string current control register 0x31. VCC to GND with a 4.7µF capacitor close to the device. Bypass VDD to GND with a 4.7µF capacitor close to the device. are boot loaded into the control registers, simulating a cold start up, and all bits in the fault registers are cleared to 0.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 The MSL2160/1 are designed to control external LED string power supplies that use voltage dividers (RTOP and RBOTTOM in Figure 5) to set the output voltage, and whose regulation feedback voltage is not more than 3.5V. The Efficiency Optimizer improves power efficiency by injecting a current of between 0 and 255µA into the voltage dividers of the external power supplies, dynamically adjusting their outputs to the minimum voltage required by the LED strings. To select the resistors, first determine V OUT(MIN) and VOUT(MAX), the minimum and maximum string supply voltage limits, using: [ ]( ) 5.0#)()( +∗= ofLEDsVV MINfMINOUT and [ ]( ) 5.0#)()( +∗= ofLEDsVV MAXfMAXOUT , where Vf(MIN) and Vf(MAX) are the LED minimum and maximum forward voltage drops at the peak current set by RS (page 12). For example, if the LED data are Vf(MIN) = 3.5V and Vf(MAX) = 3.8V, and ten LEDs are used in a string, then the total minimum and maximum voltage drops across a string are 35V and 38V, respectively. Adding an allowance of 0.5V for the string drive MOSFET headroom brings V OUT(MIN) to 35.5V and VOUT(MAX) to 38.5V. Then, determine RTOP using: )()( MAXFBOn MINOUTMAXOUT TOP I VVR −= where IFBOn(MAX) is the 255µA maximum output current of the efficiency optimizer outputs FBOn. Finally, determine RBOTTOM using: FBMAXOUT FB TOPBOTTOM VV VRR −∗= where VFB is the regulation feedback voltage of the power supply. Place a diode (1N4148 or similar) between FBOn and the supply’s feedback node to protect the MSL2160/1 against current flow into FBOn. Assign all strings powered by a common supply to the proper FBO output using string set registers 0x40 - 0x5F. Once configured, determine the change in power supply output voltage in response to a change in FBO output current using: TOPFBOOUT RIV ∗∆=∆ . Direct PWM Control of the LED Strings An external PWM signal applied to the PWM input allows direct PWM control over the strings when bits PWMEN and PWMDIRECT (bits D0 and D1 in PWM control register 0x2D) are set to 1. This configuration bypasses PHI and GSC, but allows LED string phase delay via the phase delay enable bit, PHADLYEN (bit D0 of register 0x2E). With phase delay enabled, a progressive delay of 1/16 the PWM frame is calculated and applied successively to each string drive signal. The PWM input can also be configured as a gate for the output of the PWM engine using PWM global enable (bit D2 of the PWM control register 0x2D). Connecting the Efficiency Optimizer to an LED String Power Supply and Selecting Resistors Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
within the on-chip EEPROM, and any of these EEPROM values may be changed through the serial interface. Table 4. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/1 Register Map
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 ADDRESS AND REGISTER NAME FUNCTION REGISTER DATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0x25 GSCMAX Max oscillator cycles between GSC pulses GSCMAX[7:0] 0x26 GSCMAX[15:8] 0x27 PHICTRL PHI processing control PHICHK- SEL - - - - PHIMAXEN PHIPOL PHIINTEN 0x28 PHICNTR Internal clock counter for PHI PHICNTR[7:0] 0x29 PHICNTR[15:8] 0x2A PHIMUL PHI multiplier - - - PHIMUL[4:0] 0x2B PHIMAX Max GSC cycles between PHI pulses PHIMAX[7:0] 0x2C PHIMAX[15:8] 0x2D PWMCTRL0 PWM control GINT+1EN GINTEN ALTEN OVRFLOZEN OVRFLOEN PWM- GLBLEN PWMDIRECT PWMEN 0x2E PWMCTRL1 - - - - EXTALTEN PHOVR- FLOZEN PHOVR- FLOEN PHADLYEN 0x2F GINT Global PWM scaling GINT[7:0] 0x30 ALTGINT Alternate global PWM scaling ALTGINT[7:0] 0x31 ISTR 8-bit global string current scaling ISTR[7:0] 0x32 PWMSTATUS* PWM and counter status PHIMAXERRCNT[2:0] PHIMAX1FLT PHISIGFLT GSCSIGFLT PHICNTRFLT GINT- MULERR 0x33 PHIPCNTR* PHI pulse counter and status PHICNTR- MAX - - PHIPCNTR[4:0] 0x34 GSCPCNTR* GSC pulse counter GSCPULSECNTR[7:0] 0x35 - - - GSCPULSECNTR[12:8] 0x36 - 0x3F UNUSED 0x40 STR0SET Phase delay and EO assignment for string 0 PHDLY0[7:0] 0x41 FBOSET0[1:0] - - PHDLY[11:8] ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 0x5E STR15SET Phase delay and EO assignment for string 15 PHDLY15[7:0] 0x5F FBOSET15[1:0] - - PHDLY[11:8] 0x60 PWM0 PWM setting for string 0 PWM0[7:0] Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 * Read-only registers ADDRESS AND REGISTER NAME FUNCTION REGISTER DATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 0x7E PWM15 PWM setting for string 14 PWM15[7:0] 0x80 ALTSTR0SET Alternate phase delay for string 0 ALTPHDLY0[7:0] 0x81 - - - - ALTPHDLY[11:8] ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 0x9E ALTSTR15SET Alternate phase delay for string 15 ALTPHDLY15[7:0] 0x9F - - - - ALTPHDLY[11:8] 0xA0 ALTPWM0 Alternate PWM setting for string 0 ALTPWM0[7:0] 0xA1 - - - - ALTPWM0[11:8] ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 0xBE ALTPWM15 Alternate PWM setting for string 15 ALTPWM15[7:0] 0xBF - - - - ALTPWM15[11:8] 0xC0 E2ADDR EEPROM read/write access - E2ADDR[6:0] 0xC1 E2CTRLSTA E2BUSY BLDACT E2ERR - - RWCTRL[2:0]
Table 5. Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/1 Register Power-up Defaults Register power-up default values are shown in Table 5.
Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 * Read-only registers REGISTER NAME AND ADDRESS POWER-UP CONDITION REGISTERS INITIALIZED FROM EEPROM REGISTER DATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 HEX 0x80 ALTSTR0SET All strings set to zero phase delay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 ↓ ↓ ↓ 0x9E ALTSTR15SET 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x9F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xA0 ALTPWM0 All strings set with alternate PWM tON = 512 GSC cycles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xA1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 ↓ ↓ ↓ 0xBE ALTPWM15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xBF 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 REGISTERS WITH FIXED INITIAL VALUES 0xC0 E2ADDR EEPROM 7 bit address = 0x00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xC1 E2CTRLSTA EEPROM read/write disabled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Atmel LED Drivers-MSL2160/MSL2161 16-string, White and RGB LED Drivers with Adaptive Configuration, EEPROM, and SPI/I2C/SMBus Serial Interface
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