MSL2100BR

MSL2100BR ATMEL | Alldatasheet

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8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting Datasheet Brief

The Atmel® LED Driver MSL2100 compact, high- power LED string driver uses external MOSFETs to provide up 1A per string, with current accuracy and matching better than ±1%. The MSL2100 drives eight parallel strings of LEDs, and offers fault detection and management of open and short circuit LEDs. The MSL2100 features a 1MHz I2C serial interface. The interface supports video frame-by-frame LED string intensity control for up to 16 interconnected devices, allowing active area dimming when used for video displays. The advanced PWM engine synchronizes with the video signal, and offers phase shifted string drive, virtually eliminating waterfall noise and motion blur. The MSL2100 adaptively controls up to three DC-DC converters, which power the LED strings, using patented Atmel's Driver Adaptive SourcePower™ technology. These Efficiency Optimizers minimize power use while maintaining LED current accuracy, and allow up to 16 interconnected devices to automatically negotiate the optimum power supply voltages. A unique combination of peak current control and pulse width dimming management offers simple full-screen brightness control, versatile area dimming, and a consistent white point. LED string current is set for each string using a current sense (FET source) resistor. LED current is also digitally controlled for all eight LED strings. Global string drive pulse width is adjusted with a 6-bit global intensity register, and individual string pulse width is modulated with 8-bit control. Additionally, the MSL2100 optionally throttles back the PWM on time of all strings when the temperature of the LEDs exceeds a programmable threshold. The MSL2100 monitors for string open circuit, LED short circuit, loss-of-sync and over temperature faults, and provides a hardware fault output to notify the MCU. Detailed fault status and control are available through the serial interface. Additionally, the MSL2100 includes an on-chip EEPROM that allows the power-up default register settings to be customized via the serial interface. The MSL2100 is offered in a 6 x 6 x 0.85mm, 48-pin QFN package, and operates over a -40°C to +85°C temperature range.

Applications

• Edge-lit LED Backlit TVs
• High-contrast Monitors
• Medical and Industrial Displays
• High-power LED Arrays
• Multi-string LED Lighting
• Solid-State Lighting (SSL)

Ordering Information

MSL2100BR 8-Ch LED driver 48 pin, 6x6x0.85mm QFN Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting Key Features Application Circuit

• 8-bit PWM String Dimming
• Fast, 1MHz I2C/SMBus Interface Supports up to

16 Devices per Bus

• 4-Bit Adaptive Power Correction Maximizes Efficiency of up to Three Power Supplies
• External MOSFETs allow >0.5A LED String Current
• Drives up to Eight Parallel High Power LED Strings
• Multiple MSL2100s Share String Supplies and Automatically Negotiate Optimum Voltages
• Supports Adaptive, Real-time 2-D Area Dimming for Highest Dynamic Range LCD TVs and Monitors
• Programmable String Phase Virtually Eliminates Motion Blur and Improves Efficiency
• Global LED Intensity Control via Serial Interface
• Supports Direct PWM Control of all LED Strings with a Single PWM Input Signal
• ±1% Current Accuracy and Current Balance
• Video Frame (VSYNC) and Line (HSYNC) Sync Inputs
• Sync Loss Detectors Optionally Disable LED Strings
• Internal EEPROM Allows Custom Power-up Default Settings
• String Open Circuit and LED Short Circuit Fault Detection
• <1µA LED String off Leakage Current
• External Resistors Set Individual String Peak Current
• Programmable LED Over-temperature Compensation
• Automatic Die Over-temperature Protection
• I 2C/SMBus Broadcast Mode Simplifies Configuration
• -40°C To +85°C Operating Temperature Range
• Lead-free, Halogen-free, RoHs-compliant Package

The MSL2100 controls eight strings of series-connected LEDs at up to 1A per string, and up to sixteen devices may share the serial interface. The MSL2100 FET gate drive output is optimized for FETs requiring no more than 10nC of charge. The MSL2100 PWM engine generates the PWM signal that drives the strings or, optionally, accepts an external PWM signal. How Many LEDs and Drivers? The MSL2100 drives eight strings of series-connected LEDs using external N-channel MOSFETs and current sense resistors. The LED drive capability (maximum number of LEDs per string) is limited only by the MOSFETs and the LED string power supplies, not by the MSL2100. Up to 16 MSL2100s may share an I 2C/SMBus serial interface, with both individual and broadcast (all MSL2100s on a bus) addressing. The high LED drive power of the MSL2100 makes it suitable for large LCD TV and monitor backlights, as well as for LED signage and general lighting. LEDs, String Power Supplies, and the Efficiency Optimizer The MSL2100 features three Efficiency Optimizer outputs that dynamically adjust the LED string power supplies to the minimum voltage necessary to drive the LED strings, minimizing power use while assuring accurate LED current flow. The Efficiency Optimizers feature an input that allows up to 16 devices to be connected in a chain configuration. When implemented, the chains automatically negotiate, control and optimize the string power supplies for all LED strings driven by each chain. The power supplies can use any topology that employs external feedback resistors with a maximum feedback voltage of 1.5V, and are typically DC-DC boost converters. The Efficiency Optimizers rely on close matching of the LEDs connected to a string supply; the better the matching, the better the overall efficiency. Differences between Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 and MSL3082 The MSL2100 includes three independent Efficiency Optimizer circuits to control three separate string supplies (for RGB LEDs for example). The MSL3082 includes a single Efficiency Optimizer, is more suited for single-color LEDs, and is ideal for driving white backlight LEDs in an LCD monitor or TV application. Timing, PWM, Intensity Controls, and Synchronization The PWM LED drive signals synchronize to video frame timing via the PHI input, and to pixel timing via the GSC input. Suitability for LED backlight architectures is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Area LED dimming for direct backlighting is supported for contrast and color gamut improvement. With area dimming, motion blur is reduced by setting each LED string’s PWM phasing to synchronize string off times with the LCD update timing. Also, the individual PWM intensity registers for eight LED strings are updated with only 92 I 2C/SMBus clocks. Sixteen drivers (128 LED strings) update in 1.47ms with a 1MHz bus speed, offering area dimming support for frame rates up to 640Hz.

Table 1. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 LED Common Backlight Drive Architectures Table 2. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 Timing and LED Intensity Control Capability

1 AD1 I²C slave ID selection inputs

AD1 and AD0 select the device I²C slave address.

2 SCL I²C serial clock input

SCL is the I²C serial interface clock input.

3 SDA I²C serial data I/O

SDA is the I²C serial interface data I/O.

4 AD0 I²C slave ID selection inputs

AD0 and AD1 select the device I²C slave address.

5 FLTB

Fault output (open drain, active low) FLTB sinks current to GND when the MSL2100 detects a fault. FLTB remains low until the fault registers have been read or EN is toggled low.

6 FBI1

Efficiency Optimizer input Connect FBI1 to FBO1 of the next device when chaining the Efficiency Optimizers. If unused, connect FBI1 to GND.

7 FBO1

Efficiency Optimizer output Connect FBO1 through a Schottky diode to the string power supply’s feedback node (Figure 4) or to FBI1 of the previous device (Figure 5). If unused, leave FBO1unconnected.

8 FBI2

Efficiency Optimizer input Connect FBI2 to FBO2 of the next device when chaining the efficiency optimizers. If unused, connect FBI2 to GND.

9 FBO2

Efficiency Optimizer output Connect FBO2 through a Schottky diode to the string power supply’s feedback node (Figure 4) or to FBI2 of the previous device (Figure 5). If unused, leave FBO2 unconnected.

10 FBI3

Efficiency Optimizer input Connect FBI3 to FBO3 of the next device when chaining the efficiency optimizers. If unused connect FBI3 to GND.

11 FBO3

Efficiency Optimizer output Connect FBO3 through a Schottky diode to the string power supply’s feedback node (Figure 4) or to FBI3 of the previous device (Figure 5). If unused, leave FBO3 unconnected. 12, 40 GND Power ground Connect GND to system ground, to CGND, and to EP with short, wide traces. 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 S0 - S7 String 0 thru 7 source sense inputs Connect S n to the source of external MOSFETn and to the current sense resistor for LED stringn. The full-scale LED current is reached when 500mV is across the current sense resistor. 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35 G0 - G7 String 0 thru 7 external MOSFET gate drive outputs Connect G n to the gate of external MOSFETn. 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 D0 - D7 String 0 thru 7 external MOSFET drain sense inputs Connect D n to the drain of external MOSFETn through a 10MΩ resistor.

37 VIN

Connect a 12V ±10% supply to VIN. Bypass VIN to GND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor placed close to VIN. 38 VDD Internal 2.5V regulator capacitor connection Bypass VDD to GND with a 10µF ceramic capacitor placed close to the device. Pin Descriptions Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

Voltage (With Respect to GND) Current (Into Pin) Continuous Power Dissipation (See Note 8, Note 9) PIN NAME DESCRIPTION 39 EN Enable input (active high) Drive EN high to turn on the MSL2100, and drive it low to turn it off. For automatic startup, connect EN to VIN through a 100kΩ resistor. 41, 45 N/C No internal connection. Recommended to leave open. 42, 43, 44 CGND Connect to ground Connect CGND to system ground, to GND, and to EP using short, wide traces.

46 PHI

Phase synchronization input Drive PHI with an external signal from 40Hz to 10kHz to synchronize the PWM dimming to the signal at PHI. Connect PHI to GND if unused.

47 GSC

Drive GSC with the gate shift clock of the video signal, up to 5MHz. GSC sets the resolution of PWM dimming. Connect GSC to GND if unused.

48 PWM

Drive PWM with a pulse-width-modulated signal with a duty cycle of 0% to 100% and frequency of 20Hz to 50kHz to control the brightness of all LED strings. Exposed pad EP Power ground Connect EP to system ground, GND, and CGND using short, wide traces. EP offers thermal relief to the die.

PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VIN operating supply voltage 10.8 12.0 13.2 V VIN operating supply current All drivers on at 100% duty, I²C serial interface idle 25.0 32.5 mA VIN shutdown supply current EN = 0, all digital inputs tied to VDD or GND 10 20 μA VDD regulation voltage 2.3 2.5 2.6 V Input high voltage SDA, SCL, AD0, AD1 2.31 V Input low voltage SDA, SCL, AD0, AD1 0.9 V Input high voltage PHI, GSC, PWM 1.8 V Input low voltage PHI, GSC, PWM 0.7 V Input high voltage EN 0.9 1.36 V Input low voltage EN 0.7 V Input hysteresis EN 50 mV Input quiescent current EN 1 20 μA SDA, FLTB output low voltage Sinking 6mA 0.4 V S0 thru S7 regulation resolution 1 % of Full Scale Open circuit detect voltage 7.3 8.3 9.0 V Short circuit detect voltage 6.5 7.8 9.0 V D0 thru D7 leakage current Voltage under 9V 0.1 μA Voltage between 9V to 16V 15 G0 thru G7 maximum gate drive voltage 10 V G0 thru G7 gate drive current -20 20 mA Current sense regulation voltage ISTRn = 0x3F 488 500 508 mV ISTRn = 0x1F 235 250 255 mV G0 thru G7 output current slew rate Current rising (Note 7, Note 8) 10 mA/µs Current falling (Note 7, Note 8) 10 Thermal cut-off temperature 135 °C FBIn to FBOn current transfer error Up to FBOn maximum output current ±2 % FBOn current step size 3 μA FBOn feedback output current maximumVFBO= 0 to 1.8V 35 45 55 μA

Electrical Characteristics

(Circuit of Figure 3, VIN = 12V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at VIN = 12V, TA = +25°C) Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

Note1. Minimum SCL clock frequency is limited by the bus timeout feature, which resets the serial bus interface if either SDA or SCL is held low for tTIMEOUT. Disable bus timeout feature for DC operation Note2. tVD:ACK = SCL low to SDA (out) low acknowledge time Note3. tVD:DAT = minimum SDA output data-valid time following SCL low transition Note4. A master device must internally provide an SDA hold time of at least 300ns to ensure an SCL low state Note5. The maximum SDA and SCL rise times are 300ns. The maximum SDA fall time is 250ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between SDA and SCL inputs and the SDA/SCL bus lines without exceeding the maximum allowable rise time Note6. The MSL2100 includes input filters on SDA, SCL, AD0, and AD1 inputs that suppress noise less than 50ns Note7. Parameter is guaranteed by design, and is not production tested Note8. Subject to thermal dissipation characteristics of the device Note9. When mounted according to JEDEC JEP149 and JESD51-12 for a one-layer PCB, θ JA = 22°C/W and θJC = 1.3°C/W PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OSC initial accuracy fOSC OSCCTRL = 0x04 (fOSC=20MHz); TA=25°C 18 20 22 MHz PHI frequency fPHI (Note 7) 40 10,000 Hz GSC frequency fGSC (Note 7) 5 MHz PWM frequency fPWM PWMDIRECT = PWMEN = 1 20 50,000 Hz PWM duty cycle PWMDIRECT = PWMEN = 1 0 100 % PHI DLL lock cycles 4 PHI Cycles PARAMETER CONDITIONS AND NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT I²C SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS SCL clock frequency 1/tSCL Bus timeout disabled (Note 1) 0 1,000 kHz Bus timeout period tTIMEOUT OSCCTRL = 0x04 (fOSC=20MHz); TA=25°C 27 30 33 ms STOP to START condition bus free time tBUF 0.5 µs Repeated START condition hold time tHD:STA 0.26 µs Repeated START condition set-up time tSU:STA 0.26 µs STOP condition set-up time tSU:STOP 0.26 µs SDA data hold time tHD:DAT 15 ns SDA data valid acknowledge time tVD:ACK (Note 2) 0.05 0.55 µs SDA data valid time tVD:DAT (Note 3) 0.05 0.55 µs SDA data set-up time tSU:DAT 100 ns SCL clock low period tLOW 0.5 µs SCL clock high period tHIGH 0.26 µs SDA, SCL fall time tF (Note 4, Note 5) 120 ns SDA, SCL rise time tR 120 ns SDA, SCL input suppression filter period tSP (Note 6) 50 ns

8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

Figure 3. Typical Application Circuit

The MSL2100 is a highly integrated, flexible, multi-string LED driver that uses external MOSFETs to allow high LED string currents and includes power supply control for three supplies to maximize efficiency. The driver optionally connects to a video subsystem to offer easy synchronization for use in LCD TV backlight applications. Up to sixteen devices may be connected together to drive a large number of LED strings in a system. The drivers provide multiple methods of controlling LED brightness through both peak current control and pulse width control of the string drive signals. Peak current control offers excellent color consistency, while pulse width control allows brightness management. An on-chip EEPROM holds all the default control register values. At power-up, the data in the EEPROM are automatically copied directly to the control registers, setting up the device for operation. The factory programmed EEPROM values are changeable through the serial interface if a different power-up condition is desired. The device interfaces to an MCU via the I 2C/SMBus interface. The robust 1MHz I2C/SMBus interface supports up to sixteen devices on the bus, and is fast enough to support area dimming for 16 interconnected devices. While typically the LED drive PWM signal is internally generated by the PWM engine, the device also accepts an external direct PWM drive signal applied to the PWM input to set the duty cycle and the frequency of the LED drive signals. When using the PWM engine, the MSL2100 allows phase spreading of the LED drive signals, which helps reduce the transient load on the LED power supplies. Phase spreading is not supported for direct PWM drive. The PWM frequency of the drivers is easily synchronized to an external video signal applied to PHI. Typically, the VSYNC signal from the video system is used as the PHI input. A frame-rate multiplier (1x to 16x) processes this signal for use by the PWM engine. The on time of each string is individually programmed via the device registers, providing a peak resolution of 10 bits when using the on-chip PWM generator. The actual resolution of the PWM frequency depends on the ratio of the GSC frequency (typically provided by a systems HSYNC signal) to the PHI frequency because the on time of a string is programmed as a function (8-bit count) of the number of GSC cycles. This count can be further scaled by a 6-bit global intensity register, when enabled. The GSC clock is also used to precisely set each string’s phase delay to be synchronized with its physical position relative to the video frame. Additionally, the MSL2100 features programmable temperature compensation, which throttles back the PWM on time of all strings when the temperature of the LEDs exceeds a programmable threshold. The Efficiency Optimizers control a wide range of different external DC-DC and AC-DC converter architectures. Multiple drivers in a system communicate in real time among themselves to select an optimized operating voltage for the LEDs. This allows design of the power supplies for the worst case forward voltage f) of the LEDs without concern about excessive power dissipation issues. During the start-up sequence, the MSL2100 automatically reduces the power supply voltage to the minimum required to keep the LEDs in current regulation. The devices are configured to periodically perform this optimization to compensate for changes in LED forward voltage, and to assure continued optimum power savings. Internal Regulators and Enable Input The MSL2100 includes an internal linear regulator powered from VIN that provides 2.5V, VDD, to power the internal circuitry. Bypass VDD to GND with a 10µF or greater capacitor. The enable input, EN, turns the VDD regulator on and off. To turn on the MSL2100, force EN high with a 5V logic level, and force EN low to turn it off. When EN is low, the MSL2100 enters low-power mode, and the serial interface is ignored. Toggling EN low also clears all fault registers and releases FLTB. Faults re-establish if the conditions that generated them persist. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

source terminal of the external string drive MOSFET. control registers 0x10 through 0x1F. to the minimum voltage required by the LED strings. to protect the MSL2100 against current flow into FBOn. Figure 4. FBOn Connection to Power Supply Voltage Divider

Figure 5. Cascade Multiple Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100s to Control a Common Power Supply ensure that the system operates at optimum efficiency. using ground planes and/or guard traces.

within the on-chip EEPROM, and any of these EEPROM values may be changed through the serial interface. Table 3. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 Register Map

PWM0[7:0] to to PWM7 0x3F PWM7[7:0] GSCMAX 0x40 Max oscillator cycles between GSC Pulses GSCMAX[7:0] 0x41 GSCMAX[15:8] PHIMIN 0x42 Min GSC pulses over PHI period PHIMIN[7:0] 0x43 - - - - PHIMIN[15:8] 0X44 THRU 0X46 UNUSED FAULTEN 0x47 Individual string fault monitoring enables FLTEN7 FLTEN6 FLTEN5 FLTEN4 FLTEN3 FLTEN2 FLTEN1 FLTEN0 0x48 thru 0x4F UNUSED FBOCTRL0 0x50 Efficiency Optimizer configuration HDRMSTEP[1:0] FBCLDLY[1:0] FBSDLY[1:0] FBCFDLY[1:0] FBOCTRL1 0x51 STRSCCDLY[1:0] - - - - ACALEN ICHKDIS 0X52 THRU 0X56 UNUSED FBO1DAC* 0x57 Efficiency Optimizer DAC readback FBO1ACT - - - FBO1DAC[3:0] FBO2DAC* 0x58 Efficiency Optimizer DAC readback FBO2ACT - - - FBO2DAC[3:0] FBO3DAC* 0x59 Efficiency Optimizer DAC readback FBO3ACT - - - FBO3DAC[3:0] DO NOT ACCESS ADDRESS RANGE 0X5A TO 0X8F E2ADDR 0x90 User EEPROM read/write access - E2ADDR[6:0] E2CTRLSTA 0x91 E2BUSY BLDACT E2ERR - - RWCTRL[1:0] * Read-only registers Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

Register power-up default values are shown in Table 4. Table 4. Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 Register Power-up Defaults

REGIASTERS INITIALIZED FROM EEPROM REGISTER DATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 HEX 0x20 0x27 PHDLY0 thru PHDLY7 All string phase delays set to zero processed GSC cycles0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x30 0x37 PWM0 thru PWM7 All strings PWM settings equal 48 processed GSC cycles0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 0x40 GSCMAX Maximum GSC pulse count is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x42 PHIMIN Minimum PHI pulse count is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x47 FAULTEN Fault detection is enabled for all strings 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FF 0x50 FBOCTRL0 Current source error confirmation delay is 4µs FBOn power supply settling time allowance is 8ms Efficiency Optimizer auto recalibration delay is 1s Efficiency Optimizer gives three steps for headroom 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C 0x51 FBOCTRL1 Current source error detection enabled Auto recalibration disabled String short circuit confirmation delay is 4µs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x90 E2ADDR User EEPROM 7-bit address = 0x00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x91 E2CTRLSTA User EEPROM read/write disabled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Atmel LED Driver-MSL2100 8-string, High-power, White or RGB LED Drivers for TVs, Monitors, or Intelligent Solid-state Lighting

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