DATASHEET SEARCH SITE | WWW.ALLDATASHEET.COM

Document overview

  • Manufacturer or author: Provided By ALLDATASHEET.COM(FREE DATASHEET DOWNLOAD SITE)
  • PDF pages: 25

Technical content

Features

  • Isolated, regulated DC-DC converter
  • Up to 400 W, 33.40 A continuous
  • 93.8% peak efficiency
  • 826 W/in3 Power density
  • Wide input range 180 – 420 Vdc
  • Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 12.0 V Nominal Output
  • 4242 Vdc isolation
  • ZVS high frequency switching n Enables low-profile, high-density filtering
  • Optimized for array operation n Up to 8 units – 3200 W n No power derating needed n Sharing strategy permits dissimilar line voltages across an array
  • Fully operational current limit
  • OV, OC, UV, short circuit and thermal protection
  • 4623 through-hole ChiP package n 1.886” x 0.898” x 0.286” (47.91 mm x 22.8 mm x 7.26 mm) Typical Applications
  • Industrial
  • Process control
  • Automotive
  • Heavy Equipment Product Description The DCM Isolated, Regulated DC Converter is a DC-DC converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to generate an isolated 12.0 Vdc output. With its high frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, the DCM converter consistently delivers high efficiency across the input line range. Modular DCM converters and downstream DC-DC products support efficient power distribution, providing superior power system performance and connectivity from a variety of unregulated power sources to the point-of-load. Leveraging the thermal and density benefits of Vicor’s ChiP packaging technology, the DCM module offers flexible thermal management options with very low top and bottom side thermal impedances. Thermally-adept ChiP based power components enable customers to achieve cost effective power system solutions with previously unattainable system size, weight and efficiency attributes, quickly and predictably. Product Ratings VIN = 180 V to 420 V POUT = 400 W VOUT = 12.0 V (7.2 V to 13.2 V Trim) IOUT = 33.40 A DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 1 of 24 07/2015 800 927.9474 C US ® S NRTLC US

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 2 of 24 07/2015 800 927.9474 Vin Load 1 Non-isolated Point-of-Load Regulator CLOAD TR EN FT +IN +OUT -IN -OUT DCM Load 2 Typical Application Typical Application 2: Single DCM300P120x400A40, to a non-isolated regulator, and direct to load Load R1_1 L1_1 C1_1 L2_1 CDCM_1 CLOAD TR EN FT +IN +OUT -IN -OUT R1_2 L1_2 C1_2 L2_2 CDCM_2 TR EN FT +IN +OUT -IN -OUT R1_4 L1_4 C1_4 L2_4 CDCM_4 TR EN FT +IN +OUT -IN -OUT DCM1 DCM2 DCM4 ≈≈ ≈ ≈ Vin F1_1 F1_2 F1_4 Typical Application 1: DCM300P120x400A40 in an array of four units DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 3 of 24 07/2015 800 927.9474 1 2 A B C D E D’ +IN +OUT TOP VIEW

4623 ChiP Package

+OUT -OUT -OUT-IN TR Pin Configuration Pin Descriptions Pin Number Signal Name Type Function A1 +IN INPUT POWER Positive input power terminal B1 TR INPUT Enables and disables trim functionality. Adjusts output voltage when trim active. C1 EN INPUT Enables and disables power supply D1 FT OUTPUT Fault monitoring E1 -IN INPUT POWER RETURN Negative input power terminal A’2, C’2 +OUT OUTPUT POWER Positive output power terminal B’2, D’2 -OUT OUTPUT POWER RETURN Negative output power terminal DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 4 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Part Ordering Information Device Input Voltage Range Package Type Output Voltage x 10 Temperature Grade Output Power Revision Version DCM 300 P 120 x 400 A4 0 DCM = DCM 300 = 180/300/420 V P = ChiP TH 120 = 12 V T = -40 to 125°C M = -55 to 125°C 400 = 400 W A4 Analog Control Interface Version Absolute Maximum Ratings The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions. Parameter Comments Min Max Unit Input Voltage (+IN to –IN) -0.5 460.0 V Input Voltage Slew Rate -1 1 V/µs TR to - IN -0.0 3.5 V EN to -IN -0.0 3.5 V FT to -IN -0.0 3.5 V 5 mA Output Voltage (+Out to –Out) -0.5 16.2 V Dielectric withstand (input to output)Reinforced insulation 4242 Vdc Internal Operating Temperature T Grade -40 125 °C M Grade -55 125 °C Storage Temperature T Grade -40 125 °C M Grade -65 125 °C Average Output Current 45.7 A Figure 2— Electrical Specified Operating AreaFigure 1— Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Output Power vs. Case Temp, Single unit at minimum full load efficiency DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 5 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Electrical Specifications Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldfacespecifications apply over the temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Power Input Specification Input voltage range V IN Continuous operation 180 300 420 V Inrush current (peak) IINRP With maximum C OUT -EXT, full resistive load 8.5 A Input capacitance (internal) C IN-INT Effective value at nominal input voltage 0.8 µF Input capacitance (internal) ESR R CIN-INT At 1 MHz 2.50 mΩ Input inductance (external) LIN Differential mode, with no further line bypassing 5 µH No Load Specification Input power – disabled PQ Nominal line, see Fig. 3 1.0 2.0 W Worst case line, see Fig. 3 2.5 W Input power – enabled with no load PNL Nominal line, see Fig. 4 3.0 5.1 W Worst case line, see Fig. 4 6.0 W Power Output Specification Output voltage set point V OUT -NOM V IN = 300 V, nominal trim, at 100% Load, TINT = 25°C 11.94 12.0 12.06 V Rated output voltage trim range V OUT -TRIMMING Trim range over temp, with > 10% rated load. Specifies the Low, Nominal and High Trim conditions.7.2 12.0 13.2 V Output voltage load regulation ΔV OUT -LOAD Linear load line. Output voltage increase from full rated load current to no load (Does not include light load regulation). See Fig. 6 and Sec. Design Guidelines 0.5654 0.6316 0.6984 V Output voltage light load regulationΔV OUT -LL 0% to 10% load, additional VOUT relative to calculated load-line point; see Fig. 6 and Sec. Design Guidelines0.0 3.16 V Output voltage temperature coefficient ΔV OUT -TEMP Nominal, linear temperature coefficient, relative to T INT = 25ºC. See Fig. 5 and Design Guidelines Section -1.60 mV/°C V OUT accuracy %V OUT -ACCURACY The total output voltage setpoint accuracy from the calculated ideal V OUT based on load, temp and trim. Excludes ΔV OUT -LL -2.0 2.0 % Rated output power POUT Continuous, VOUT ≥ 12.0 V 400 W Rated output current IOUT Continuous, VOUT ≤ 12.0 V 33.40 A Output current limit IOUT -LM Of rated IOUT max. Fully operational current limit, for nominal trim and below 100 120 135 % Current limit delay tIOUT -LIM The module will power limit in a fast transient event 1 ms Efficiency η Full load, nominal line, nominal trim 92.3 93.8 % Full load, over line and temperature, nominal trim89.8 % 50% load, over rated line, temperature and trim 87.6 % Output voltage ripple V OUT -PP 20 MHz bandwidth. At nominal trim, minimum COUT -EXT and at least 10 % rated load 648 mV Output capacitance (internal) C OUT -INT Effective value at nominal output voltage 105 µF Output capacitance (internal) ESR R COUT -INT At 1 MHz 0.069 mΩ Output capacitance (external) C OUT -EXT Excludes component temperature coefficient For load transients that remain > 10% rated load 1000 10000 µF Output capacitance (external) C OUT -EXT -TRANS Excludes component temperature coefficient For load transients down to 0% rated load, with static trim1000 10000 µF Output capacitance (external) C OUT -EXT - TRANS-TRIM Excludes component temperature coefficient For load transients down to 0% rated load, with dynamic trimming1000 10000 µF DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 6 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Electrical Specifications (cont.) Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldfacespecifications apply over the temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Power Output Specifications (Cont.) Output capacitance, ESR (ext.) R COUT -EXT At 10 kHz, excludes component tolerances 10 mΩ Initialization delay tINIT See state diagram 25 40 ms Output turn-on delay tON From rising edge EN, with VIN pre-applied. See timing diagram 200 µs Output turn-off delay tOFF From falling edge EN. See timing diagram 600 µs Soft start ramp time tSS At full rated resistive load. Typ spec is 1-up with min C OUT -EXT. Max spec is for arrays with max COUT -EXT 36 100 ms V OUT threshold for max rated load current V OUT -FL-THRESH During startup, VOUT must achieve this threshold before output can support full rated current 6.0 V IOUT at startup IOUT -START Max load current at startup while VOUT is below VOUT -FL_THRESH 3.33 A Monotonic soft-start threshold voltage V OUT -MONOTONIC Output voltage rise becomes monotonic with 10% of preload once it crosses VOUT -MONOTONIC 6.0 V Minimum required disabled duration tOFF-MIN This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via EN 2 ms Minimum required disabled duration for predictable restart tOFF-MONOTONIC This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing 100 ms Voltage deviation (transient) %V OUT -TRANS Minimum C OUT_EXT (10 ↔90% load step), excluding load line. <10 % Settling time tSETTLE 8.0 ms Powertrain Protections Input Voltage Initialization thresholdV IN-INIT Threshold to start tINIT delay 75 V Input Voltage Reset threshold V IN-RESET Latching faults will clear once VIN falls below VIN-RESET 50 V Input undervoltage recovery thresholdV IN-UVLO- 125 170 V Input undervoltage lockout thresholdV IN-UVLO+ See Timing diagram 178 V Input overvoltage lockout thresholdV IN-OVLO+ 455 V Input overvoltage recovery thresholdV IN-OVLO- See Timing diagram 423 V Output overvoltage threshold V OUT -OVP From 25% to 100% load. Latched shutdown 15.8 V Output overvoltage threshold V OUT -OVP-LL From 0% to 25% load. Latched shutdown 16.2 V Minimum current limited VOUT V OUT -UVP Over all operating steady-state line and trim conditions 5 V Overtemperature threshold (internal)T INT -OTP 125 °C Power limit PLIM 650 W V IN overvoltage to cessation of powertrain switching tOVLO-SW Independent of fault logic 1.5 µs V IN overvoltage response time tOVLO For fault logic only 200 µs V IN undervoltage response time tUVLO 100 ms Short circuit response time tSC Powertrain on, operational state 200 µs Short circuit, or temperature fault recovery time tFAULT See Timing diagram 1 s DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 7 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Signal Specifications Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldfacespecifications apply over the temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade. Enable: EN

  • The EN pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled.
  • The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter. SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN NOM MAX UNIT DIGITAL INPUT Any EN enable threshold V ENABLE-EN 2.31 V EN disable threshold V ENABLE-DIS 0.99 V Internally generated VCC V CC 3.21 3.30 3.39 V EN internal pull up resistance to VCC R ENABLE-INT 9.5 10.0 10.5 kΩ Trim: TR
  • The TR pin enables and disables trim functionality when VIN is initially applied to the DCM converter. When Vin first crosses VIN-UVLO+ , the voltage on TR determines whether or not trim is active.
  • If TR is not floating at power up and has a voltage less than TR trim enable threshold, trim is active.
  • If trim is active, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control with at least 30Hz of -3dB control bandwidth over the output voltage of the DCM converter.
  • The TR pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter. SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN NOM MAX UNIT DIGITAL INPUT Startup TR trim disable threshold V TRIM-DIS Trim disabled when TR above this threshold at power up 3.20 V TR trim enable threshold V TRIM-EN Trim enabled when TR below this threshold at power up 3.15 V ANALOG INPUT Operational with Trim enabled Internally generated VCC V CC 3.21 3.30 3.39 V TR pin functional range V TRIM-RANGE 0.00 2.46 3.16 V V OUT referred TR pin resolution V OUT -RES With V CC = 3.3 V 17 mV TR internal pull up resistance to V CC R TRIIM-INT 9.5 10.0 10.5 kΩ Fault: FT
  • The FT pin is a Fault flag pin.
  • When the module is enabled and no fault is present, the FT pin does not have current drive capability.
  • Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin output Vcc and provides current to drive an external ciruit.
  • When module starts up, the FT pin is pulled high to VCC during microcontroller initialization and will remain high until soft start process starts. SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN NOM MAX UNIT DIGITAL OUTPUT Any FT internal pull up resistance to VCC R FAULT -INT 474 499 524 kΩ FT Active FT voltage V FAULT -ACTIVE At rated current drive capability 3.0 V FT current drive capabilityIFAULT -ACTIVE Over-load beyond the ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM ratings may cause module damage 4 mA FT response time tFT -ACTIVE Delay from cessation of switching to FT Pin Active 200 µs DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 8 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Functional Block Diagram +IN +VIN –IN +OUT –OUT Primary & Secondary Powertrains –VIN COUT-INT CIN-INT Modulator VCC TR EN FT Primary Based VOUT Sense Power Limit VOUT Load Regulation and ILIMIT VEAO Error Amplifier +VIN Primary Based IOUT Sense Powertrain Enable Fault Monitoring OTP Undervoltage Lockout Output Short Circuit Output Under Voltage Overvoltage Lockout OVP Control & Monitoring Reference and Soft Start Temperature Synchronous Floating MOSFET Gate driver Top Cell Bottom Cell DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 9 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 High Level Functional State Diagram Conditions that cause state transitions are shown along arrows. Sub-sequence activities listed inside the state bubbles. LATCHED FAULT Powertrain: Stopped FT = True STANDBY Powertrain: Stopped FT = True Application of VIN INITIALIZATION SEQUENCE tINIT delay Powertrain: Stopped FT = True VIN >V IN-INIT SOFT START VOUT Ramp Up tss delay Powertrain: Active FT = False RUNNING Regulates VOUT Powertrain: Active FT = False NON LATCHED FAULT tFAULT Powertrain: Stopped FT = True NON LATCHED FAULT tOFF Powertrain: Stopped FT = True EN = True and No Faults tON delay tSS Expiry EN = False tOFF delay REINITIALIZATION SEQUENCE tINIT delay Powertrain: Stopped FT = True EN = False Fault Removed InputOVLO or Input U VL O Fault Removed Outp ut OVP Out put OVP Over-temp or Ou tput UVP Ove r-temp or Outpu tUV P Input OV LO o r Input UV LO EN = False tOFF-MIN delay EN = False tMIN-OFF delay VIN >V IN-UVLO+ and not Over-temp TR mode latched DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 10 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 VOUT-NOM FULL LOAD VOUT VIN-UVLO+/- IOUT FULL LOAD VOUT-UVP VIN-OVLO+/- VIN TR ILOAD Input Output EN Input Power On - Trim Inactive TR Ignored EN Low EN High Input OVLO Input UVLO Ramp to Full Load tINIT tON tSS tOFF tOFF tSS tSS tOFF tOFF Input returned to zero VTR-DIS FT tMIN_OFF tSS tON VIN-INIT Timing Diagrams Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown. DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 11 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 VOUT-NOM FULL LOAD VOUT VIN-UVLO+/- IOUT FULL LOAD VOUT-UVP VIN-OVLO+/- VIN TR ILOAD Input Output EN VTR = nom VTR-EN VOUT-OVP Input Power On - Trim Active Load dump and reverse current Vout OVP (primary sensed) Current Limit with Resistive Load Resistive Load with decresing R Vout based on V TR tINIT tON tSS tOFF tINIT tON tSStINIT tON tSS Latched fault cleared t IOUT-LIM Overload induced Output UVP tFAULT RLOAD FT VIN-INIT Timing Diagrams (Cont.) Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown. DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 15 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 General Characteristics Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldfacespecifications apply over the temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Mechanical Volume Vol No heat sink 7.93/[0.48] cm 3/[in3] Weight W 29.0/[1.02] g/[oz] Lead finish Nickel 0.51 2.03 µmPalladium 0.02 0.15 Gold 0.003 0.051 Thermal Operating internal temperature T INT T-Grade -40 125 °C M-Grade -55 125 °C Thermal resistance top side ΦINT-TOP Estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal top 1.92 °C/W Thermal resistance leads ΦINT-LEADS Estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal leads 6.55 °C/W Thermal resistance bottom side ΦINT-BOTTOM Estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal bottom 1.94 °C/W Thermal capacity 21.5 Ws/°C Assembly Storage temperature T ST T-Grade -40 125 °C M-Grade -65 125 °C ESD rating HBM Method per Human Body Model Test ESDA/JEDEC JDS-001-2012 CLASS 1C V CDM Charged Device Model JESD22-C101E CLASS 2 Soldering[1] Peak temperature top case For further information, please contact factory applications 135 °C [1]Product is not intended for reflow solder attach. DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 16 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 General Characteristics (Cont.) Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldfacespecifications apply over the temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Safety Dielectric Withstand Test V HIPOT IN to OUT 4242 Vdc IN to CASE 2121 Vdc OUT to CASE 2121 Vdc Reliability MTBF MIL-HDBK-217 FN2 Parts Count 25°C Ground Benign, Stationary, Indoors / Computer

1.85 MHrs

Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 3, 25°C, 100% D.C., GB, GC

3.68 MHrs

Agency approvals/standards EN 60950-1 UL 60950-1 CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable DCM300P120x400A40 cURus, cTÜVus,

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 17 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Pin Functions +IN, -IN Input power pins. -IN is the reference for all control pins, and therefore a Kelvin connection for the control signals is recommended as close as possible to the pin on the package, to reduce effects of voltage drop due to -IN currents. +OUT, -OUT Output power pins. EN (Enable) This pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled. It is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter. The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC through a 10 kΩ resistor. n Output enable: When EN is allowed to pull up above the enable threshold, the module will be enabled. If leaving EN floating, it is pulled up to V CC and the module will be enabled. n Output disable: EN may be pulled down externally in order to disable the module. n EN is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault. n The EN pins of multiple units should be driven high concurrently to permit the array to start in to maximum rated load. However, the direct interconnection of multiple EN pins requires additional considerations, as discussed in the section on Array Operation. TR (Trim) The TR pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output voltage of the DCM converter. The TR pin has an internal pull-up to V CC through a 10.0 kΩresistor. The DCM will latch trim behavior at application of VIN (once VIN exceeds VIN-UVLO+), and persist in that same behavior until loss of input voltage. n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at above VTRIM-DIS, the module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the TR input for as long as V IN is present. n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at below VTRIM-EN, the TR will serve as an input to control the real time output voltage, relative to full load, 25°C. It will persist in this behavior until V IN is no longer present. If trim is active when the DCM is operating, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control at a typical 30 Hz of -3dB bandwidth over the output voltage. TR also decreases the current limit threshold when trimming above V OUT-NOM. FT (Fault) The FT pin provides a Fault signal. Anytime the module is enabled and has not recognized a fault, the FT pin is inactive. FT has an internal 499 kΩpull-up to Vcc, therefore a shunt resistor, RSHUNT, of approximately 50 kΩcan be used to ensure the LED is completly off when there is no fault, per the diagram below. Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin becomes active and provides current to drive an external circuit. When active, FT pin drives to V CC, with up to 4 mA of external loading. Module may be damaged from an over-current FT drive, thus a resistor in series for current limiting is recommended. The FT pin becomes active momentarily when the module starts up. Typical External Circuits for Signal Pins (TR, EN, FT) 10k RTRIM Vcc TR RSERIESSW RSHUNT 10k Vcc EN Soft Start and Fault Monitoring Vcc FT Fault Monitoring 499k Kelvin -IN connection Output Voltage Reference, Current Limit Reference and Soft Start Control DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 18 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Design Guidelines Building Blocks and System Design The DCM™ converter input accepts the full 180 to 420 V range, and it generates an isolated trimmable 12.0 Vdc output. Multiple DCMs may be paralleled for higher power capacity via wireless load sharing, even when they are operating off of different input voltage supplies. The DCM converter provides a regulated output voltage around defined nominal load line and temperature coefficients. The load line and temperature coefficients enable configuration of an array of DCM converters which manage the output load with no share bus among modules. Downstream regulators may be used to provide tighter voltage regulation, if required. The DCM300P120x400A40 may be used in standalone applications where the output power requirements are up to 400 W. However, it is easily deployed as arrays of modules to increase power handling capacity. Arrays of up to eight units have been qualified for 3200 W capacity. Application of DCM converters in an array requires no derating of the maximum available power versus what is specified for a single module. Soft Start When the DCM starts, it will go through a soft start. The soft start routine ramps the output voltage by modulating the internal error amplifier reference. This causes the output voltage to approximate a piecewise linear ramp. The output ramp finishes when the voltage reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the trimmed output voltage in cases where trim mode is active. During soft-start, the maximum load current capability is reduced. Until Vout achieves at least V OUT-FL-THRESH, the output current must be less than IOUT-STARTin order to guarantee startup. Note that this is current available to the load, above that which is required to charge the output capacitor. Nominal Output Voltage Load Line Throughout this document, the programmed output voltage, (either the specified nominal output voltage if trim is inactive or the trimmed output voltage if trim is active), is specified at full load, and at room temperature. The actual output voltage of the DCM is given by the programmed trimmed output voltage, with modification based on load and temperature. The nominal output voltage is 12.0 V, and the actual output voltage will match this at full load and room temperature with trim inactive. The largest modification to the actual output voltage compared to the programmed output is due to the 5.263% V OUT-NOM load line, which for this model corresponds to ΔVOUT-LOAD of 0.6316V. As the load is reduced, the internal error amplifier reference, and by extension the output voltage, rises in response. This load line is the primary enabler of the wireless current sharing amongst an array of DCMs. The load line impact on the output voltage is absolute, and does not scale with programmed trim voltage. For a given programmed output voltage, the actual output voltage versus load current at for nominal trim and room temperature is given by the following equation: Nominal Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient A second additive term to the programmed output voltage is based on the temperature of the module. This term permits improved thermal balancing among modules in an array, especially when the factory nominal trim point is utilized (trim mode inactive). This term is much smaller than the load line described above, representing only a -1.60 mV/°C change. Regulation coefficient is relative to 25°C. For nominal trim and full load, the output voltage relates to the temperature according to the following equation: where TINT is in °C. The impact of temperature coefficient on the output voltage is absolute, and does not scale with trim or load. Trim Mode and Output Trim Control When the input voltage is initially applied to a DCM, and after t INIT elapses, the trim pin voltage VTR is sampled. The TR pin has an internal pull up resistor to VCC, so unless external circuitry pulls the pin voltage lower, it will pull up to VCC. If the initially sampled trim pin voltage is higher than VTRIM-DIS, then the DCM will disable trimming as long as the VIN remains applied. In this case, for all subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the nominal. This minimizes the support components required for applications that only require the nominal rated Vout, and also provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional errors from external trim components If at initial application of V IN, the TR pin voltage is prevented from exceeding VTRIM-EN, then the DCM will activate trim mode, and it will remain active for as long as VIN is applied. VOUT set point under full load and room temperature can be calculated using the equation below: VOUT-FL @ 25°C = 4.99 + (9.390 • VTR/VCC ) (3) Note that the trim mode is not changed when a DCM recovers from any fault condition or being disabled. Module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim range VOUT-TRIMMING. If VOUT is trimmed above this range, then certain combinations of line and load transient conditions may trigger the output OVP. Overall Output Voltage Transfer Function Taking load line (equation 1), temperature coefficient (equation 2) and trim (equation 3) into account, the general equation relating the DC VOUT to programmed trim (when active), load, and temperature is given by: VOUT = 4.99 + (9.390 • Vtr/Vcc) Finally, note that when the load current is below 10% of the rated capacity, there is an additional ∆V which may add to the output voltage, depending on the line voltage which is related to Burst Mode. Please see the section on Burst Mode below for details. Use 0 V for ∆VOUT-LL when load is above 10% of rated load. See section on Burst Mode operation for light load effects on output voltage. DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 19 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 Output Current Limit The DCM features a fully operational current limit which effectively keeps the module operating inside the Safe Operating Area (SOA) for all valid trim and load profiles. The current limit approximates a “brick wall” limit, where the output current is prevented from exceeding the current limit threshold by reducing the output voltage via the internal error amplifier reference. The current limit threshold at nominal trim and below is typically 120% of rated output current, but it can vary between 100% to 135%. In order to preserve the SOA, when the converter is trimmed above the nominal output voltage, the current limit threshold is automatically reduced to limit the available output power. When the output current exceeds the current limit threshold, current limit action is held off by 1ms, which permits the DCM to momentarily deliver higher peak output currents to the load. Peak output power during this time is still constrained by the internal Power Limit of the module. The fast Power Limit and relatively slow Current Limit work together to keep the module inside the SOA. Delaying entry into current limit also permits the DCM to minimize droop voltage for load steps. Sustained operation in current limit is permitted, and no derating of output power is required, even in an array configuration. Some applications may benefit from well matched current distribution, in which case fine tuning sharing via the trim pins permits control over sharing. The DCM does not require this for proper operation, due to the power limit and current limit behaviors described here. Current limit can reduce the output voltage to as little as the UVP threshold (V OUT-UVP). Below this minimum output voltage compliance level, further loading will cause the module to shut down due to the output undervoltage fault protection. Line Impedance, Input Slew rate and Input Stability Requirements Connect a high-quality, low-noise power supply to the +IN and –IN terminals. Additional capacitance may have to be added between +IN and –IN to make up for impedances in the interconnect cables as well as deficiencies in the source. Excessive source impedance can bring about system stability issues for a regulated DC-DC converter, and must either be avoided or compensated by filtering components. A 1 µF input capacitor is the minimum recommended in case the source impedance is insufficient to satisfy stability requirements. Additional information can be found in the filter design application note: www.vicorpower.com/documents/application_notes/vichip_appnote23.pdf Please refer to this input filter design tool to ensure input stability: http://app2.vicorpower.com/filterDesign/intiFilter.do. Ensure that the input voltage slew rate is less than 1V/us, otherwise a pre-charge circuit is required for the DCM input to control the input voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components. Input Fuse Selection The DCM is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at the system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics: n Current rating (usually greater than the DCM converter’s maximum current) n Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage) n Ambient temperature n Breaking capacity per application requirements n Nominal melting I2t n Recommended fuse: See Agency Approvals for Recommended Fuse http://www.vicorpower.com/dc-dc-converter-board-mount/dcm- dc-dc_converter#Documentation Fault Handling Input Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVLO) The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input under voltage condition. If the converter is not already running, then it will ignore enable commands until the input voltage is greater than V IN-UVLO+. If the converter is running and the input voltage falls below VIN-UVLO-, the converter recognizes a fault condition, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls. Input voltage transients which fall below UVLO for less than tUVLO may not be detected by the fault proection logic, in which case the converter will continue regular operation. No protection is required in this case. Once the UVLO fault is detected by the fault protection logic, the converter shuts down and waits for the input voltage to rise above V IN-UVLO+. Provided the converter is still enabled, it will then restart. Input Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVLO) The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input over voltage condition. When the input voltage is more than the V IN-OVLO+, a fault is detected, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. After an OVLO fault occurs, the converter will wait for the input voltage to fall below V IN-OVLO-. Provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will restart. The powertrain controller itself also monitors the input voltage. Transient OVLO events which have not yet been detected by the fault sequence logic may first be detected by the controller if the input slew rate is sufficiently large. In this case, powertrain switching will immediately stop. If the input voltage falls back in range before the fault sequence logic detects the out of range condition, the powertrain will resume switching and the fault logic will not interrupt operation Regardless of whether the powertrain is running at the time or not, if the input voltage does not recover from OVLO before t OVLO, the converter fault logic will detect the fault. Output Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVP) The converter determines that an output overload or short circuit condition exists by measuring its primary sensed output voltage and the output of the internal error amplifier. In general, whenever the powertrain is switching and the primary-sensed output voltage falls below V OUT-UVP threshold, a short circuit fault will be registered. Once an output undervoltage condition is detected, the powertrain immediately stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. The converter remains disabled for a time t FAULT. Once recovered and provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will again enter the soft start sequence after tINIT and tON. Temperature Fault Protections (OTP) The fault logic monitors the internal temperature of the converter. If the measured temperature exceeds T INT-OTP, a temperature fault is registered. As with the under voltage fault protection, once a DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 22 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 An array of DCMs used at the full array rated power may generally have one or more DCMs operating at current limit, due to sharing errors. Load sharing is functionally managed by the load line. Thermal balancing is improved by the nominal effective temperature coefficient of the output voltage setpoint. DCMs in current limit will operate with higher output current or power than the rated levels. Therefore the following Thermal Safe Operating Area plot should be used for array use, or loads that drive the DCM in to current limit for sustained operation. Figure 25 — Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Power Dissipation vs. Case Temp for arrays or current limited operation DCM300P120x400A40

DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 23 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474 DCM Module Product Outline Drawing Recommended PCB Footprint and Pinout 47.91±.38 1.886±.015 23.96 .943 11.40 .449 22.80±.13 .898±.005 TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE) 1.02 .040 (3) PL. 1.52 .060 (2) PL. 1.52 .060 (4) pl. 11.43 .450 2.75 .108 8.25 .325 2.75 .108 8.25 .325 8.00 .315 1.38 .0541.38 .054 4.13 .162 8.00 .315 23.19 .913 23.19 .913 BOTTOM VIEW 2.03 .080 PLATED THRU .25 [.010] ANNULAR RING (2) PL. 1.52 .060 PLATED THRU .25 [.010] ANNULAR RING (3) PL. 2.03 .080 PLATED THRU .38 [.015] ANNULAR RING (4) PL. 8.00±.08 .315±.003 1.38±.08 .054±.0034.13±.08 .162±.003 8.00±.08 .315±.003 8.25±.08 .325±.003 2.75±.08 .108±.003 2.75±.08 .108±.003 8.25±.08 .325±.003 1.38±.08 .054±.003 23.19±.08 .913±.003 23.19±.08 .913±.003 RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN (COMPONENT SIDE) +IN TR EN FT -IN +OUT +OUT -OUT -OUT .41 .016 (9) PL. 7.26±.05 .286±.002 4.17 .164 (9) PL. SEATING PLANE .05 [.002] NOTES: 1- RoHS COMPLIANT PER CST-0001 LATEST REVISION. DCM300P120x400A40

Revision History

Revision Date Description Page Number(s) 1.0 07/24/13 Intital release n/a 1.1 11/06/14 Included M-grade product n/a Reinforced became basic insulation 4 Revised outline drawing 23 Minor revisions on format, text and figures n/a 1.2 07/01/15 General updates for clarity All Updated fig 2 to show rated electrical performance 4 Changed Vout regulation error terms to absolute voltage 5 FT response time replaced with max 6 Output turn on-delay typ, and Output turn-off delay max values corrected 7 Updated figures 17 & 19 14 MTBF hours 16 Recommended fuse now hotlinks to cert documents 19 Revision history 24 DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 24 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474

Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request. Product Warranty In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the “Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Life Support Policy VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: RE40,072; 7,561,446; 7,920,391; 7,782,639; 8,427,269; 6,421,262 and other patents pending. Vicor Corporation

25 Frontage Road

Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com DCM300P120x400A40 DCM™ DC-DC Converter Rev 1.2 vicorpower.com Page 25 of 25 07/2015 800 927.9474