AT77C104B

AT77C104B_08 ATMEL | Alldatasheet

Document overview

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Technical content

1. Features

• Thermal Sensitive Layer Over a 0.35 µm CMOS Array  Image Zone: 0.4 × 11.6 mm  Image Array: 8 × 232 = 1856 pixels  Pixel Pitch: 50 × 50 µm = 500 dpi Resolution  Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - 2 Modes: – Fast Mode at 16 Mbps Max for Imaging – Slow Mode at 200 kbps Max for Navigation and Control  Operating Voltage: 2.3 to 3.6V  Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C  Finger Sweeping Speed from 2 to 20 cm/second  Low Power: 4.5 mA (Image Acquisition), 1.5 mA (Navigation), <10 µA (Sleep Mode)  Hard Protective Coating (>4 Million Sweeps)  High Protection from Electrostatic Discharge  Small Form Factor Packaging  Direct PCB integration through High Reliability Snap in Holder  Comply with the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS Directive) 2. Description This document describes the specificati ons of Atmel’s AT77C104B fingerprint sensor dedicated to PDA, cellular and smartphone applications. Based on FingerChip ® ther- mal technology, the AT77C104B is a linear sensor that captures fingerprint images by sweeping the finger over the sensing area. This product embeds true hardware-based 8-way navigation and click functions. 3. Applications  Scrolling, Menu and Item Selection for PDAs, Cellular or Smartphone Applications  Cellular and Smartphones-based Security (Device Protection, Network and ISP Access, E-commerce)  Personal Digital Agenda (PDA) Access  User Authentication for Private and Confidential Data Access  Portable Fingerprint  Fingerprint Acquisition Figure 3-1. Packages Available CB08YV CB12YI CB09YV FingerChip Thermal Fingerprint Sweep Sensor, Hardware Based, Navigation and Click Function, SPI Interface AT77C104B Note: Not reccomended for new designs. No longer supported by Atmel. 5347F-BIOM-3/08

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Figure 3-2. Product Integration Solution Notes: 1. Product Integration Solution available for CB08 Only 2. Please contact Support for additional documentation regarding integration of this product Figure 3-3. FingerChip with Holder Note: The die attach is connected to pin 6 and must be grounded. The FPL pin must also be grounded. Table 3-1. Pin Description for Chip-on-board Package: AT77C104B-CB08YV or AT77C104B-CH08YV Pin Number Name Type Description

1 Not connected

2 Not connected

3 Not connected

4 Not connected

5 GNDD G Digital ground supply

6 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

7 VDDD P Digital power supply

8 VDDA P Analog power supply - connect to V

9 SCK I Serial Port Interface (SPI) clock

10 TESTA IO Reserved for the analog test, not connected

11 MOSI I Master-out slave-in data

12 TPP P Temperature stabilization power

13 MISO O Master-in slave-out data

14 SCANEN I Reserved for the scan test in factory, must be grounded

15 SSS I Slow SPI slave select (active low

16 IRQ O Interrupt line to host (active low). Digital test pin

17 FSS I Fast SPI slave select (active low)

18 RST I Reset and sleep mode control (active high)

19 FPL I Front plane, must be grounded

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Table 3-2. Pin Description for Chip-on-Board Package: AT77C104B-CB09YV Pin Name Description

1 GNDD Digital ground supply

2 GNDA Digital ground supply

3 VDDD Digital power supply

4 VDDA Digital power supply

5 SCK Serial Port Interface (SPI) clock

6 TESTA Reserved for the analog test, not connected

7 MOSI Master-out slave-in data

8 TPP Temperature stabilization power

9 MISO Master-in slave-out data

10 SCANEN Reserved for the scan test in factory, must be grounded

11 SSS Slow SPI slave select (active low

12 IRQ Interrupt line to host (active low). Digital test pin

13 FSS Fast SPI slave select (active low)

14 RST Reset and sleep mode control (active high)

15 FPL Front plane, must be grounded

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Note: Ref. Connector plug: 2-1470841-0. Ref. Connector Receptacle: 2-1470842-0 from Tyco Electronics 0.5mm Pitch. Stack height: 1.5mm Table 3-3. Pin Description for COB with Connector Package: AT77C104B-CB12YI Pin Number Name Type Description

1 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

2 FPL I Front plane, must be grounded

3 GNDD G Digital ground supply

4 VDDD P Digital power supply

5 SCK I Serial Port Interface (SPI) clock

6 MOSI I Master-out slave-in data

7 MISO O Master-in slave-out data

8 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

9 SSS I Slow SPI slave select (active low)

10 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

11 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

12 FSS I Fast SPI slave select (active low)

13 RST I Reset and sleep mode control (active high)

14 IRQ O Interrupt line to host (active low). Digital test pin

15 SCANEN I Reserved for the scan test in factory, must be grounded

16 TPP P Temperature stabilization power

17 TESTA IO Reserved for the analog test, not connected

18 VDDA P Analog power supply - connect to VDD

19 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

20 GNDA G Analog ground supply - connect to GNDD

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Figure 3-6. Pin Description - CB09 Figure 3-7. Pin Description - CB12 Note: Refer to Table 3-3 for the pin name. The TESTA pin is only used for testing and debugging. The SCANEN pin is not used in the final application and must be connected to ground. Warning: SSS and FSS must never be low at the same time. When both SSS and FSS equal 0, the chip switches to scan test mode. With the SPI protocol, this configuration is not possible as only one slave at a time can be selected. However, this configuration works when debugging the system.

3.1 AT77C104B-CH08YV in tegration solution

This product is an assembly of a standard AT77C104B-CB08YV sensor and an elastomer in a plastic part. This product includes the connectics: it can directly be clipped on the main board. GNDD GNDA VDDD VDDA SCK TESTA MOSI TPP MISO SCANEN SSS IRQ FSS RST FPL Bottom View Top View 10 11 201 Top View Bottom View

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 4. Specifications Table 4-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Comments Value Power Supply Voltage VDDD, VDDA -0.5 to 4.6V Note: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Front Plane FPL GND to V DD +0.5V Digital Input SSS, FSS, SCK, MOSI GND to VDD +0.5V Temperature Stabilization Power TPP GND to V DD +0.5V Storage Temperature Tstg -50 to +95 °C(1) Lead Temperature (soldering 10 seconds) Tleads Do not solder Forbidden Note: 1. -40°C to 85°C for the AT77C104B-CH08YV product with holder. Table 4-2. Recommended Conditions of Use Parameter Symbol Comments Min Typ Max Unit Positive Supply Voltage V DD 2.5 ±5% 3.3 ±10% 2.3 2.5 3.3 3.6 V Front Plane FPL Must be grounded GND V Digital Input Voltage CMOS levels V Digital Output Voltage CMOS levels V Digital Load C L 20 50 pF Operating Temperature Range T amb Domestic "V" grade -40 to +85 °C Operating Temperature Range T amb Domestic "I" grade -20 to +80 °C Maximum Current on TPP ITPP Use of TPP is optional 0 - 60 mA

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Table 4-3. Resistance Parameter Min Value Standard Method ESD On pins HBM (Human Body Model) CMOS I/O 2 kV MIL-STD-883 method 3015.7 On die surface (zap gun) air discharge ±16 kV NF EN 6100-4-2 Mechanical Abrasion Number of cycles without lubricant Multiply by a factor of 20 for correlation with a real finger 200,000 MIL E 12397B Chemical Resistance Cleaning agent, acid, grease, alcohol, diluted acetone 4 hours Internal method Table 4-4. Explanation of Test Levels Level Description I 100% production tested at +25°C II 100% production tested at +25°C, and sample tested at specified temperatures (AC testing done on sample) III Sample tested only IV Parameter is guaranteed by design and/or characterization testing V Parameter is a typical value only VI 100% production tested at temperature extremes D 100% probe tested on wafer at T amb = +25°C Table 4-5. Specifications Parameter Symbol Test Level Min Typ Max Unit Resolution IV 50 Micron Size IV 8 × 232 Pixel Yield: Number of bad pixels I 5 Bad pixels Equivalent Resistance on TPP pin I 23 35 47 Ohm

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 5. Power Consumption and DC Characteristics The following characteristics are applicable to the operating temperature -40°C ≤ Ta ≤ +85°C. Typical conditions are: power supply = 3.3V; Tamb = 25°C; FSCK = 12 MHz (1600 slices per second); duty cycle = 50% CLOAD 120 pF on digital outputs unless otherwise specified. Note: 1. A minimum noise margin of 0.05 VDD should be taken for Schmitt trigger input threshold switching levels compared to VIL and VIH values. Table 5-1. Power Requirements Name Parameter Conditions Test Level Min Typ Max Unit- VDD Positive Supply Voltage I 2.3 2.5/3.3 3.6 V IDD Current on VDD in Acquisition Mode I3 4 . 5 6 m A IDDNAV Current on VDD in Navigation Mode I 1 1.5 2 mA IDDCLI Current on VDD in Click Mode I 0.2 0.3 0.5 mA IDDSLP Current on VDD in Sleep Mode I 10 µA IDDSTB Current on VDD in Stand-by Mode I Refer to “Power Management” on page 34 Table 5-2. Digital Inputs Logic Compatibility CMOS Name Parameter Conditions T est Level Min Typ Max Unit IIL Low-level Input Current Without Pull-up Device(1) VI = 0V I 1 µA IIH High-level Input Current Without Pull-up Device VI = VDD I1 µ A IIOZ Tri-state Output Leakage Without Pull-up/down Device VI = 0V or VDD IV 1 µA VIL Low-level Input Voltage I 0.3 V DD V VIH High-level Input Voltage I 0.7 V DD (1) V VHYST Schmitt Trigger Hysteresis(1) VDD = 3.3V Temp = 25°C IV 0.400 0.750 V Table 5-3. Digital Outputs Logic Compatibility CMOS Name Parameter Conditions Test Level Min Typ Max Unit VOL Low-level Output Voltage IOL = 3 mA VDD = 3.3V ±10% I 0.15 V DD (1) V IOL = 1.75 mA VDD = 2.5V ±5% VOH High-level Output Voltage IOH = -3 mA VDD = 3.3V ±10% I0 . 8 5 V DD V IOH = -1.75 mA VDD = 2.5V ±5%

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 6. Switching Performances The following characteristics are applicable to the operating temperature –40 °C ≤ Ta ≤ +85°C. Typical conditions are: nominal value; Tamb = 25°C; FSCK = 12 MHz; duty cycle = 50%; CLOAD 120 pF in digital output unless specified otherwise. Note: 1. T SCK = 1/FCTRL (clock period) Note: All power supplies = +3.3V Note: All power supplies = +2.5V Table 6-1. Timings Parameter Symbol Test Level Min Typ Max Unit Clock Frequency Acquisition Mode FACQ IV 8 16 MHz Clock Frequency Navigation Mode and Chip Control FCTRL I – 0.2 MHz Duty Cycle (clock SCK) DC IV 20 50 80 % Reset Setup Time T RSTSU I½ T SCK (1) ns Slave Select Setup Time T SSSU I½ T SCK (1) ns Slave Select Hold Time T SSHD I½ T SCK (1) ns Table 6-2. 3.3V ±10% Power Supply Parameter Symbol Test Level Min Typ Max Unit Data-in Setup Time T SU IV 3 ns Data-in Hold Time T H IV 1 ns Data-out Valid T V I3 0 n s Data-out Disable Time from SS High TDIS IV 3.8 ns IRQ Hold Time T IRQ IV 3 µs Table 6-3. 2.5V ±5% Power Supply Parameter Symbol Test Level Min Typ Max Unit Data-in Setup Time T SU IV 3 ns Data-in Hold Time T H IV 1 ns Data-out Valid T V I3 0 n s Data-out Disable Time from SS High TDIS IV 3.8 ns IRQ Hold Time T IRQ IV 3 µs

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 8. Functional Description The AT77C104B is a fingerprint sensor based on FingerChip technology. It is controlled by an SPI serial interface through which output data is also transferred (a slow SPI for the pointing function and a fast one for acquisition). Six modes are implemented: – Sleep Mode: a very low consumption mode controlled by the reset pin RST. In this mode, the internal clocks are disabled and the registers are initialized. – Stand-by Mode: also a low consumption mode that waits for an action from the host. The slow serial port interface (SSPI) and control blocks are activated. In this mode the oscillator can remain active. – Click Mode: waits for a finger on the sensor. The SSPI and control blocks are activated. The local oscillator, the click array and the click block are all activated. – Navigation Mode: calculates the finger’s x and y movements across the sensor. The SSPI and control blocks are still activated. The local oscillator, the navigation array and the navigation block are also activated. – Acquisition Mode: slices are sent to the host for finger reconstruction and identification. The SSPI and control blocks are still activated. The fast serial port interface block (FSPI) and the acquisition array are activated, as well as the local oscillator when watchdog is required. – Test: this mode is reserved for factory testing. In the final application, three main modes are used: – Stand-by: low consumption mode – Pointing: equivalent to click and navigation modes – Acquisition: fingerprint image capture the description of n-bit registers (see “Function Registers” on page 14), the term "b0" describes the Least Significant Bit (LSB). The term “b(n-1)” describes the Most Significant Bit (MSB). Binary data is written as 0b_ and hexadecimal data as 0x_.

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 9. Sensor and Block Diagram Figure 9-1. Functional Block Diagram The circuit is divided into the following main sections:  An array or frame of 8 x 232 pixels + 1 dummy column  An analog to digital converter  An on-chip oscillator  Control and status registers  Navigation and click units  Slow and fast serial interfaces TPP FPL VDDA GNDA VDDD GNDD RST FSS SCK MISO MOSI SSS IRQ SCANEN TESTA Pixel Array (232 x 8) Array CTRL Click CTRL Click Pixels (12) Acquisition Navigation Algorithms Oscillator (420 kHz) Click Algorithm Watchdog Heating Test Slow Serial Interface SPI (200 kHz) Control Register Fast Serial Interface SPI (8-16 MHz)

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 10. Function Registers Note: 1. Navigation requires 3 registers. The reading of the first register (0b1000) enables the reading of all 3 registers. Table 10-1. Registers Register Address (b3 down to b0) Read/Write STATUS 0000 Read MODECTRL 0001 Read/Write ENCTRL 0010 Read/Write HEATCTRL 0011 Read/Write NAVCTRL 0100 Read/Write CLICKCTRL 0101 Read/Write MOVCTRL 0110 Read/Write

0111 Reserved

(1) 1000 Read NAVIGATION(1) 1001 Reserved NAVIGATION(1) 1010 Reserved PIXELCLICK 1011 Reserved PIXELCLICK 1100 Reserved PIXELCLICK 1101 Reserved

1110 Reserved

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

10.1 Status Register

Register Name: Status (8 bits) Access Type: Read Only Function: State of AT77C104B  CLICK: Click Detection 0: default 1: click detected  MOV: Movement Detection 0: default 1: X or Y movement detected  TRANSIT: not used, for testing only  SLICE: not used, for testing only  READERR: Read Error Detection 0: default, no error 1: read error detected Note: To clear the interrupts, the status register is initialized after each reading from the host.

10.2 Modectrl Register

Register Name: Modectrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: Mode Control  MODE: Select Operating Mode 0000: standby 0001: test (reserved for factory use) 0010: click 0100: navigation 1000: acquisition Certain changes can be made. For example, MODE can be set to 0b0110 to activate click and navigation. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 CLICK MOV TRANSIT SLICE READERR – – – 00000000 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 MODE (MSB) MODE MODE MO DE (LSB) ANALOGRST – – 0000100

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B  ANALOGRST: Reset Local Oscillator 0: oscillator in active mode 1: oscillator in power-down mode Notes: 1. Click or navigation modes cannot be us ed when the local oscillator is switched off. 2. To return to standby mode and stop the oscill ator (to save on power consumption), two Modec- trl register accesses are necessary: the first one to select standby mode and the second to switch off the oscillator. 3. The read-only registers cannot be read when the oscillator is turned off. 4. To shift between navigation and acquisition modes, you must be in standby mode (Modectrl = 0b00001). If modes such as “acquisition and click” or “acquisition and navigation” are programmed together, they will be ignored by the system. With x = 0 or 1.

10.3 Enctrl Register

Register Name: Enctrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: Interrupts control  CLICKEN: Click Interrupts Enable 0: default 1: click IRQ enabled IRQ is generated when a click is detected.  MOVEN: Movement Interrupts Enable 0: default 1: movement IRQ enabled IRQ is generated when an X or Y movement is detected. Programmed Mode Register Value 11xx 01xx 1x1x 0x1x b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 CLICKEN MOVEN TRANSITEN SLICEN READERREN – – 0000000

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B  TRANSITEN: not used, for testing only  SLICEN: not used, for testing only  READERREN: Read Error Interrupts Enable 0: default 1: read error IRQ enabled IRQ is generated when a read error is detected. Note: The interrupt is cleared after the status register is read.

10.4 Heatctrl Register

Register Name: Heatctrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: Heating Control  HEAT: Sensor Heating 0: default, no heating 1: heating The default value is recommended to optimize power consumption.  WDOGEN: Watchdog Enable 0: default 1: watchdog enabled Watchdog automatically stops heating of the sensor after a time-out.  HEATV (2 bits): Heating Power Value 00: 50 mW 01: 100 mW 10: reserved 11: reserved V DD is between 2.6 and 3.6V. Notes: 1. Heating can only be used in the acquisition mode (it is not allowed in navigation or click modes). 2. The oscillator has to be activated when th e watchdog is required and must not be stopped while the watchdog remains active. b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 HEAT WDOGEN HEATV (MSB) HEATV(LSB) – – – 0000000

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

10.5 Navctrl Register

Register Name: Navctrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: Navigation control  NAVFREQ: Navigation Frequency 00: 5.8 kHz 01: 2.9 kHz (default value) 10: 1.9 kHz 11: 1.5 kHz A faster frequency enables faster finger movement detection. A lower frequency enhances sen- sitivity. Refer to notes 1 and 2 on page 18.  NAVV: Navigation Pixels Threshold 00: lower threshold 01: 10: 11: higher threshold Sets the minimum analog value detected as a high level (‘1’). Refer to note 1 on page 18.  CLICKV: Click Pixels Threshold 00: lower threshold 01: 10: higher threshold 11: reserved Sets the minimum analog value detected as a high level (‘1’) and the maximum analog value detected as a low level (‘0’). See note 3. Notes: 1. Navfreq and Navv registers should not be changed once the navigation mode is selected. Fin- ger sensitivity refers to the minimum level of information required from a finger. The sensitivity is linked to the integration time; a longer integration time enables better sensitivity but does not tolerate fast movement. 2. The navigation frequency is the frequency ne eded for the reading of one new navigation frame. 3. The Clickv register should not be changed once the click mode is selected. b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 NAVFREQ (MSB) NAVFREQ (LSB) NAVV ( MSB) NAVV (LSB) CLICKV (MSB) CLICKV (LSB) reserved 100000 0

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10.6 Clickctrl Register

Register Name: Clickctrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: Click control  CLICKFREQ: Click Pixels Reading Frequency 00: 180 Hz 01: 90 Hz (default value) 10: 60 Hz 11: 45 Hz Faster frequency enables faster finger click detection. Lower frequency enables higher sensitivity.  CLICKDET: Threshold for Selecting the Black/White Color of a Slice 00: more than 7 black/white pixels and less than 5 white/black pixels 01: more than 8 black/white pixels and less than 4 white/black pixels 10: more than 9 black/white pixels and less than 3 white/black pixels 11: more than 10 black/white pixels and less than 2 white/black pixels  CLICKCPT: Click Detection Counter (maximum number of slices read between two transitions) 000: 5 001: 7 010: 10 011: 12 100: 16 101: 20 110: 25 111: 31 Two transitions are interpreted as a click if the number of slices between them is less than CLICKCPT. This is used to differentiate a touch-down/touch-up from a real click. A click is equiv- alent to two close touch-down/touch-up transitions. This register adjusts the “time out” for considering the two transitions as a click. Note: Clickfreq and Clickcpt registers should not be changed once the click mode is selected. b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 CLICKFREQ (MSB) CLICKFREQ (LSB) CLICKDET (MSB) CLICKDET (LSB) CLICKCPT (MSB) CLICKCPT CLICKCPT (LSB) 0101101

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

10.7 Movectrl Register

Register Name: Movctrl (7 bits) Access Type: Read/Write Function: In stream mode, during navigation calculation, the AT77C104B must interrupt the host when a maximum absolute X or Y movement is detected (second and third navigation registers). The MOVECTRL register enables you to control this value. This value can be set as the minimum finger movement value at which the pointing device makes a displacement.  MOVCTRL: Generates an interrupt when the second or third navigation register (X or Y absolute movement) is greater than the value programmed in the Movectrl register. 0b0000000 0b0000001 0b0000010 ... 0b1111111 For example, when MOVCTRL = 0b0001001, an interruption to the host is generated when the absolute X movement register (second navigation register) or absolute Y movement register (third navigation register) is greater than 0b00010010. Note: The Movctrl register should not be changed once the navigation mode is selected. b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 0000000

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

10.8 Navigation Register

Register Name: Navigation (3 x 8 bits) Access Type: Read Only (These three registers cannot be read individually. The reading com- mand of the first navigation register [address 0b1000] returns the value of the three registers). Function: The format of the navigation registers is similar to the PS/2 protocol. Three registers are used to code movements and clicks. The navigation registers are initialized after each read- ing. The registers only represent actions (movement, click, transition...) that have occurred since the last data packet sent to the host.

10.8.1 General Register

 YOVR: Y Overflow 0: default 1: Y movement overflow High (‘1’) when the Y movement counter is overflowed.  XOVR: X Overflow 0: default 1: X movement overflow High (‘1’) when the X movement counter is overflowed.  YSIGN: Y Sign Bit 0: default, positive Y movement 1: negative Y movement High (‘1’) when the Y movement is negative. Low when the Y movement is positive.  XSIGN: X Sign Bit 0: default, positive X movement 1: negative X movement High (‘1’) when the X movement is negative. Low when the X movement is positive.  TRANS: Not used; for test purposes only.  CLICK: Click 0: default 1: click detected This function is not in the PS/2 protocol.  FINGER: Not used; for test purposes only. Note: In the PS/2 protocol, bits b2 and b1 are used to code the middle and right buttons respectively, and b3 is set to high. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 YOVR XOVR YSIGN XSIGN 1 TRANS CLICK FINGER 00001000

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

10.8.2 Absolute X Movement Register (0 to 255 Pixels )

10.8.3 Absolute Y Movement Register (0 to 255 Pixels)

Note: When a click is detected, the information is placed in the b7 bit of the status register and in the b1 bit of the general navigation register. The reading of the status register initializes the b7 bit but does not initialize the b1 bit of the general navigation register. The host must carefully correlate the two bits. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 X M O V ( M S B ) –––––– X M O V ( L S B ) 00000000 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 Y M O V ( M S B ) –––––– Y M O V ( L S B ) 00000000

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 11. SPI Interface General Description Two communication busses are implemented in the device:  The control interface, a slow bus that controls and reads the internal registers (status, navigation, control...).  The pixels’ acquisition interface, a fast bus that enables full pixel acquisition by the host. A synchronous Serial Port Interface (SPI) has been adopted for the two communication busses. The SPI protocol is a slave/master full duplex synchronous serial communication. This protocol uses three communication signals:  SCK (Serial Clock): the communication clock  MOSI (Master Out Slave In): the data line from the master to the slave  MISO (Master In Slave Out): the data line from the slave to the master The slaves are selected by an input pin SS/ (Slave Select). A master can communicate with sev- eral slaves. The word length of the transferred data is fixed to 8 bits. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is sent first. For each 8-bit transfer, 8 bits are sent from the master to the slave and 8 bits transferred from the slave to the master. Transfers are still synchronized with the communication clock (SCK). Only the host can initialize transfers. To send data, the slave must wait for an access from the master. When there is no transfer, a clock is not generated. Figure 11-1. One Master with Several Slaves When a master is connected with several slav es, the signals SCK, MISO and MOSI are inter- connected. Each slave SS/ is driven separately . Only one slave can be selected, the others have their MISO tri-stated and ignore MOSI data. The SS/ signal falls a half-period before the first clock edge, and rises a half-period after the last clock edge.

11.1 Clock Phase and Polarity

During phase zero of the operatio n, the output data changes on the clock’s falling edge and the input data is shifted in on the clock’s rising edge. In phase one of the operation, the output data changes on the clock’s rising edge and is shifted in on the clock’s falling edge. Polarity configures the clock’s idle level, which is high ('1') during polarity one of the operation and low ('0') during polarity zero of the operation. Slave #1 Slave #3 Master SS/3 SS/2 SS/1 SCK MISO MOSI Slave #2

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

11.2 AT77C104B and the SPI

The AT77C104B is always the slave and the host always the master. The host drives the SCK clock. Both the AT77C104B and the host transmit data with the MISO signal. The word length of the transferred data is fixed to 8 bits. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is sent first. The AT77C104B supports only one phase and polarity configuration:  the clock’s idle level set to high (polarity 1);  the output data changed on the clock’s falling edge, and input data shifted in on the clock’s rising edge (phase 0). Figure 11-2. SPI Waveform (Phase = 0, Polarity = 1) Note: During initialization of the SCK wire (power-on or reset), SS/ has to be inactive (‘1’).

11.2.1 Recommendations

The SSS or FSS falling edge should be half a clock cycle before the first SCK falling edge and the SSS or FSS rising edge should be half a clock cycle after the last SCK rising edge.

11.3 SPI Behavior with Hazardous Access

The control register block uses an internal finite state machine that can only be initialized by the RST pin (asynchronous reset). When SPI access d oes not use 8 clock pulses, the internal finite state machine is desynchronized. The only way to resynchronize it is by resetting the sensor with the RST pin. No requester modification is recorded when a write access is made on a read- only register. Reliable initialization of read-only registers is not guaranteed when the slow SPI’s maximum clock frequency is not respected. SCK MOSI/MISO SS/ Emission Reception MSB LSB

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 12. Control Interface (Slow SPI) This interface controls the sensor’s internal registers. The protocol enables reading and writing of these registers. The master (host) initiates transfers to the sl ave (sensor). The sensor can only use its interrupt pin to communicate with the host. When the host is interrupted, it must read the status register before continuing operation. The word length of the transferred data is fixed to 8 bits. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is sent first.

12.1 Communication Protocol

Accesses to the host are structured in packets of words. The first word is the command and the other words are the data. The b7 bit is used to differentiate the command and data. When the word is a command, b7 is high ('1') and when the word is a piece of data, b7 is low ('0'). The following protocol is used:

12.1.0.1 Command Format

The host indicates to the sensor if it wants to read or write into a register and indicates the regis- ter’s address.

12.1.0.2 Data Format (Writing into Register)

If writing into a register, the host transmits the data.

12.1.0.3 Data Format (Reading of Register)

If reading a register, the host transmits one or several packets of data and data is shifted in from the sensor. The host transmits dummy words with the data format (b7 is low ['0’]). If reading the navigation or pixelclick registers, the host tran smits three packets of data to read the three registers. Note: The host cannot communicate with the sensor without re ceiving data from it. Useless data is ignored by the host. b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

1 Read

(1)/Write (0) Address (b3) Address (b2) Address (b1) Address (b0) x x b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

0 Data (b6) Data (b5) Data (b4) Data (b3) Data (b2) Data (b1) Data (b0)

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

12.2 Communication Speed

To reduce consumption, the control interface’s communication speed is set to the lowest possi- ble speed and depends on the host’s configuration. To communicate with “fast” controllers, th e sensor’s communication speed can be set to 200 kbits/s.

12.2.1 Example for the MODECTRL Register

Figure 10 represents a typical writing sequence into an internal register (MODECTRL register in this example). See Appendix B for flowchart. Figure 12-1. Writing into an Internal Register Note: The break on SCK on the SPI chronogram has been added for better comprehension only. In a real application, SCK can be continuous. SSS SCK MOSI MISO xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 0011000010 00 0 xx 1 Writing into MODECTRL Register Requested New Data to be Written into MODECTRL Register (Navigation and Click Mode)

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B Figure 12-2. Reading Sequence of a Register (Except for Navigation Registers) Figure 12-2 represents a typical reading sequence of a register differ ent from the navigation register. In this example, the status register is used.

12.3 Example of Navigation Registers

Figure 12-3. Reading of the Navigation Registers Figure 12-3 represents a typical reading sequence of the three navigation registers. Refer to “Appendix C” on page 43 for flowchart. SCK MOSI MISO xxxxxxxx 10000000 0xxxxxx11000 xx 0 Reading of STATUS Register Requested Emission of the STATUS Register (Click Detected) x SCK MISO MOSI Reading of Navigation Register Requested X X X X X X X X 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 00 0 0 1 0 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 0 X X1 X X X X X X X 0X X X XX X0 X X X XX X X0 X Emission of the First Navigation Register (No Overflow, Y Negative Movement Click Detected, Black Slice) Emission of the Second Navigation Register (X Absolute Movement = 24 Pixels) Emission of the Third Navigation Register (Y Absolute Movement = 144 Pixels)

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 13. Image Capture (Fast SPI) This serial interface enables full-speed acquisition of the sensor’s pixels by the host. This interface only supports the serial clock (SCK) and one data line: MISO (Master In/ Slave Out).

13.1 Communication Protocol

When the sensor is in acquisition mode, the host can receive pixels through the fast SPI (FSS/ = 0). The host must transmit the communication clock (SCK) to receive the pixels. This clock must have a regular frequency to obtain constant fingerprint slices ( See “Registration Integration Time” on page 30.). With the sensor configured to acquisition mode, the controller can proceed to fast accesses. Figure 13-1. Example of an 8-bit Access During an 8-bit access, the sensor transmits two pixels (each pixel is coded on 4 bits). Figure 13-2. Fast SPI Communication

13.2 Communication Speed

The acquisition speed of the pixels is linked to the clock’s communication speed. The faster the communication clock, the faster the authorized maximum finger sweeping speed. The sensor supports fast communications up to 16 Mbps. FSS/ = 0 Sending of Dummy Data 0b0000000 Reception of 2 Pixels End of Communication Sending of 2 Pixels (8 Bits) FSS/ = 1 No Yes Controller Sensor Bit2Bit3 MSB Bit1 Bit0 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Bit3 MSB SCK (Pixel Clock) MISO Transmission Clock Edge (Sensor) Reception Clock Edge (Host) Pixel 2i Pixel 2i - 1 Pixel 2i + 2 Pixel 2i + 1

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

13.3 Reading of Frame

A frame consists of 232 true columns and 1 dummy column of 8 pixels of 4 bits each. A frame starts with a dummy column. Figure 13-3. Example of a Frame The first dummy column, at the beginning of the pixel array, is added to the sensor to act as a specific easy-to-detect pattern, and represents the start of the frame tag. The pixel array is always read in the following or der: the first byte, following the 4 bytes of the dummy column, which contains the value of the pixels physically located on the upper left corner of the array, when looking at the die with bond pads to the right. Then another 4 bytes are read that contain the value of the pixels located in the same column from top to bottom. The next col- umn on the right is output, and so on, until the last line on the right, close to the bond pads, is output. Even values are first sent during the data serialization for SPI transfer. Therefore, the synchroni- zation sequence on the chip’s MISO output is F0F00200. Figure 13-4. Reading of Frame Notes: 1. For the first array or frame reading, 40 dummy clock cycles must be sent before the first data arrives. This is necessary for the initialization of the chip pipeline. Consequently, the first synchronization sequences appear after 40 clock cycles. For the following array readings, data arrives at each clock cycle. One should implement a synchronization routine in the protocol to look for the F0F00200 pattern. 2. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is sent first. F F Pixel Frame p10 p11 P12 P13 P14 P15 p16 Synchro = F0F00200 Dummy Column 232 x 8 Pixels Column SCK MISO Dummy Column F 0 F 0 20 0 P2 P1 P4 P6 P3 P5 P8 P7 First Pixel Column

0 P10 P9

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

13.4 Reading of Entire Image

The FingerChip delivers fingerprint slices or fram es with a height of 0.4 mm and a width of 11.6 mm (this equals 8 × 232 pixels). Pixels are sampled/read sequentially and are synchronous with SCK. Raw slices are captured by the acquisition system and overlapped with the corresponding X or Y finger displacement computed by Atmel reconstruction software. This reconstruction soft- ware supports a sweeping speed from 2 to 20 cm/s. The table below shows finger speeds according to the different clock frequencies. The recon- struction results are obtained after acquisition of all slices.

13.5 Registration Integration Time

The pixel’s integration time (the time needed for one frame reading) must be as regular as possi- ble to obtain consistent fingerpr int slices. This time is directly dependant on the SCK, SPI clock and frequency. Therefore, the SPI cycle of 4 × 8 × 233 clock pulses should be as regular as possible. Figure 13-5. Regular Integration Time Note: The 500 µs duration corresponds to the host’s computation time (slice reconstruction, finger detection…) and in the illust ration is given as an example only. Once the host detects a finger, this value remains constant, thus guaranteeing a regular integration time. Table 13-1. Finger Speeds Versus Clock Frequencies Fsck (MHz) Data Rate (Mbit/s) Slice Rate (Slices/s) Absolute Maximum Finger Speed (cm/s) Comments 1 1 134 3 Too slow 2 2 268 6 Too slow 4 4 536 12 Minimum 6 6 804 18 Normal speed 8 8 1072 24 Good speed 12 12 1608 36 Very good speed 16 16 2146 48 Very good speed Clock SCK Regular Integration Time Frame n 4 x 8 x 233 =

7456 Pulses

233 = 232 + 1 Dummy Column

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 14. Navigation (Slow SPI) The sensor’s navigation function includes the processing elements necessary for providing the displacement of the finger touching the sensor in an up or down and right or left direction. It is aimed at a screen menu navigation or simple pointing application. In addition, a click processing function is embedded to detect a quick touch of the finger on the sensor. It is aimed at screen text, box or object selection. A double-click function could also be implemented in the software. This interface has been designed to resemble the PS/2 mouse protocol. An interrupt signal IRQ indicates to the host that an action has been detected. The host must read the status register to obtain details on the action. The IRQ signal enables implementation of an efficient power consumption protocol. Note:  Click and navigation modes can be used together.  Two configurations are implemented for the click and navigation modes: – Stream mode, where the sensor sends an interrupt to the host when a movement or a change in the button’s state is detected. – Remote mode, where the sensor does not interrupt the host but waits for its registers to be read. In these two modes, the registers are initialized after each reading from the host. See “Appendix D” on page 44. for an example of an interrupt generated by a movement detection.

14.1 Navigation

See “Navigation Register” on page 21. The typical navigation slice frequency has been fixed to 2.9 kHz. A programmable divider is implemented in the control registers (NAVFREQ) to reduce this frequency. Finger displacement is provided as a number of pixels in X and Y directions. Negative movements are possible. The register is cleared after the navigation registers are read. These registers are incremented or decremented between two accesses. Table 14-1. Navctrl Register (Bits b6 to b5) Typical Navigation Slice Frequency (kHz) Typical Integration Time (µs) Typical Maximum Finger Speed (cm/s) 00 5.8 172 30 01 2.9 345 15 10 1.9 526 9.5 11 1.5 666 7.5

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

14.2 Click

See “Clickctrl Register” on page 19. The sensor generates a click detec tion. The host must read the b7 bit of the status register or the b1 bit of the general navigation register. The click function is composed of an array of a few pixels and a processing unit. The typical click slice frequency is 90 Hz. A programmable divider is implemented to modify this frequency in the control registers (CLICKFREQ).

14.3 Double-click

This function is performed by the controller, allo wing better flexibility. It detects a succession of two clicks.

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 15. Temperature Stabilization Function and Watchdog The sensor has an embe dded temperature st abilization unit t hat identifies a di fference in tem- perature between the finger and the sensor. When this difference is increased, the images are more contrasted. This function is optional and its use depends on the quality of the image pro- cessing software, therefore its management should be decided together with the image processing software. In order to limit excessive current consumption by the use of the temp erature stabilization func- tion, a watchdog has been implante d in the sensor. The local osc illator stops the heating of the module after a defined time. The oscillator should not be stopped as long as watchdog is active, otherwise the clock stops automatically. When heating of the sensor is requested '1' is written in bit 6 of the HEATCTRL register) and the watchdog is enabled '1' is writt en in bit 5 of the HEATCTRL register), the sen- sor is heated during ‘n’ seconds. Due to the oscillator frequency dispersion, the value of n is: 2 seconds (minimum) < n = 4 seconds (typical) < 7 seconds (maximum). The accuracy of n is not important since the heat register can be enabled successively. The level of power consumption is programmable. Two pre-programmed values are set to 50 or 100 mW. The dissipated die power is quasi constant ov er a significant supply voltage range as shown below (mode 50 mW selected): Note: This function is useless for navigation and click modes. Power = f ( Vdd ) 4,80E-02 4,90E-02 5,00E-02 5,10E-02 5,20E-02 5,30E-02 5,40E-02 2 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3 3,2 3,4 3,6 3,8 VDD Power ( W ) Power = f ( Vdd)

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 16. Power Management

16.1 Sleep Mode (<10 µA)

16.2 Standby Mode (<10 µA Prov iding SPI Bus not Accessed)

Power consumption can be reduced in several ways:  By switching off the FingerChip sensor  By programming a standby mode by writing 00001xx in the MODCTRL register (STANDBY mode set and oscillator stopped.) Bit b6 (HEAT) of the HEATCTRL register must be turned to ‘0’ when programming standby mode

16.3 Acquisition Mode Cu rrent Consumption

16.3.1 Static Current Consumption

When the SPI bus is not used, only the analog part of the circuit consumes power at around 4 mA.

16.3.2 Dynamic Current Consumption

When the clock is running, the digital sections also consume current. With a 30 pF load at 16 MHz, the power consumption is approximately 4.5 mA on the VDD pins.

16.4 Navigation and Click M odes Current Consumption

16.4.1 Static Current Consumption

The SPI bus’ consumption is very low in click and navigation modes, the majority of the con- sumption being generated by the analog part of the circuit. Therefore, the static and dynamic consumption is almost the same.

16.4.2 Dynamic Current Consumption

With a 30 pF load at maximum clock frequency, the current consumption in click mode is almost 300 µA on pins VDD. With a 30 pF load at maximum clock frequency, the current consumption in navigation mode is approximately 1.5 mA. Note: We advise use of the interrupt capabilities (IRQ signal or Interrupts register) so as to limit the host’s overall current consumption. The host can, from time to time, check the IRQ or Interrupt register. A strategy for very low power consumption is to use the click mode only as a wake-up. The click mode is only 300 µA, and once a click is detected the host can turn on the navigation mode as well.

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 17. Packaging Mechanical Data

17.1 AT77C104B-CB08YV Pa ckage Information

Figure 17-1. AT77C104B-CB08YV Top View and Side View All dimensions in mm. Figure 17-2. AT77C104B-CB08YV Bottom View All dimensions in mm. 23 ±0.3 4.6 max 1.1 min 0.74 ±0.06 1.2 max 0.56 ±0.1 4.8 ±0.4 1.75 ±0.5 4.8 max 5 ±0.3 11.98 0.2 +0.07 1.50 - 0.01 A A A A 0.5 ±0.08 1.5 ±0.3 2 ±0.08 19 1

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

17.2 AT77C104B-CH08YV Pa ckage Information

The holder is designed to be assembled onto a motherboard of thickness specification 0.8mm±0.1mm. Figure 17-3. AT77C104B-CH08YV Mechanical Plan 3.50 ± 0.25

5.55 Max

18.20 ± 0.40 0.95 ± 0.13 24.40 ± 0.25 0.88 ± 0.25 R1.75 ± 0.25 1.51 ± 0.25 0.74 ± 0.06

1.2 Max

1.56 ± 0.15 2.35 ± 0.13 2 ± 0.25 2 ± 0.05 8 ± 0.25 7 ± 0.25 4.50 ± 0.05 7.80 ± 0.25 7 ± 0.0511 ± 0.05Datum snap leg 1.96 ± 0.13 + 0.07 1.50 - 0.01 3.50 ± 0.25

4.8 Max

4.6 Max

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

17.3 AT77C104B-CB09YV Mechanical Plan

0.50 ± 0.08 1.75 ± 0.35 2 ± 0.08 1.5 ± 0.15 1.75 ± 0.15 1.5 ± 0.08 0.74 ± 0.06 0.89 ± 0.10 0.7 ± 0.25 5.0 ± 0.15 + 0.07 1.50 - 0.01 18 ± 0.15 1.75 ± 0.15 0.50 ± 0.08 3.8 max 4.8 max

0.2 A A

1.0 min 11.98 0.5 min 1.20 max 115

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

17.4 AT77C104B-CB12Y I Mechanical Plan

Note: Ref. Connector plug: 2-1470841-0. Ref. Connector Receptacle: 2-1470842-0 Stack height:1.5mm from Tyco Electronics 0.5mm Pitch.

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B

17.5 Electrical Disturbances

Three areas of the FingerChip device must never be in contact with the casing, or any other component, so as to avoid electrical disturbances. These areas are shown in Figure 21: Figure 17-4. Sensitive Areas Figure 17-5. Epoxy Overflow Maximum epoxy overflow width: 0.35 mm on the die edge. Maximum epoxy overflow thickness: 0.33 mm. Note: Refer to Figure 17-1 on page 35. 11.5 mm 6 mm 0.35 0.33 Fingerchip Epoxy Glue Overflow AA Section

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 18. Ordering Information

18.1 Package Device

V: -40° to +85°C I: -20° to +80°C Quality Level: Standard Package CB08: Chip On Board (COB) CH08: COB with holder CB09: Shrinked COB CB12: COB with connector CXXX104B V _ Y RoHS compliant Table 18-1. Temperature Operating Ranges Part Number Package Operating Range AT77C104B-CB08YV 19-pin chip-on-board −40C to +85C AT77C104B-CB09YV 15-pin chip-on-board −40C to +85C AT77C104B-CH08YV 19-pin chip-on-board −40C to +85C AT77C104B-CB12YI 20-pin chip-on-board −20C to +80C

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 19. Appendix A

19.1 Controller Initialization

Initialized ? Host Controller Initialization SPI Initialization (Phase = 0, Polarity = 1) SPI Initialized ? Yes no no Yes RST = 1 Sensor Initialization Pulse > 10 us ? no Yes RST = 0

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 20. Appendix B

20.1 Example for the MODECTRL Register

SSS/ = 0 Yes No No Yes MODECTRL Writing Requested Sending of 0b10000100 Transfer ended ? No Yes MODECTRL Reading RequestedReception of the Command Reading of MODECTRL Modification of MODECTRL to Change Mode Bits Sending of the New MODECTRL Transfer ended ? No Yes Reception of MODECTRL SSS/ = 1 Interrupts enabled Sensor Controller Reception of the Command Writing of MODECTRL Sending of MODECTRL Sending 0b11000100 Transfer Ended ? Modification of MODECTRL to Change Mode Bits Transfer Ended ?

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 21. Appendix C

21.1 Example of Navigation Registers

SSS/ = 0 Yes No No Yes Transfer Ended ? No NAVIGATION Reading RequestedReception of the Command Reading of NAVIGATION Sending of Dummy Data 0b00000000 Reception of NAVIG2 Yes Sending of NAVIG3 Sending of Dummy Data 0b00000000 Reception of NAVIG3 Sensor Controller Sending of NAVIG2 Sending of NAVIG1 Sending 0b11000000 Transfer Ended ? Sending of Dummy Data 0b00000000 Reception of NAVIG1 Transfer Ended ? Transfer Ended ? SSS/ = 1 Interrupts Enabled Yes No

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 22. Appendix D

22.1 Example of an Interrupt G enerated by a Movement Detection

SSS/ = 0 Yes No No Yes NAVIGATION Reading Requested Sending of 0b11100000 Transfer Ended ? No Yes STATUS Reading Requested Sending of 0b11000000Reception of the Command Interrupts Control Detection of Movement Sending of Dummy Data 0b00000000 Reception of the 3 Navigations

3 Registers

Values Sent ? No Yes Sending of the 3 Navigation Registers SSS/ = 1 Interrupts enabled Sensor Controller Reception of the Command Reading of NAVIGATION Sending of STATUS Interrupts Cleared Transfer Ended ? Transfer Ended ? Main Program Interrup ? No Sending of Dummy Data 0b00000000 Reception of STATUS Interrupt Generated IRQ/ = 0

5347F–BIOM–3/08 AT77C104B 23. Revision History Doc. Rev. Date Comments 5347F 3/2008 Added CB09 picture Replaced picture forpindescription CB12 Updated CB12YI Mechanical Plan, added note Updated CB09YV Mechanical Plan Updated CB08YV Mechanical Plan Added note for Ordering Information 5347F 1/2008 Added tables and figures for AT77C104B-CB12YI 5347E 10/2007 Updated to new template Changed CB09 to CB08 as needed Added CB08 &CB09 Mechanical Plan Changed Features, removed size, modified finger sweep speed Recreated Figures on page 33 & 34 5347D 1/2007 Implemented revision history. New product integration solution added: New product reference with holder AT77C104B-CH08YV. Associated information and mechanical data plan added.

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