WF121

WF121 ETC2 | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

Friday, 01 November 2013 Version 1.4.9

Copyright © 2000-2013 Bluegiga Technologies All rights reserved. Bluegiga Technologies assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this manual. Furthermore, Bluegiga Te chnologies reserves the right to alter the hardware, software, and/or specifications detailed here at any time without notice and does not make any commitment to update the information contained here. Bluegiga’s products are not authorized for use as criti cal components in life support devices or systems. The WRAP , Bluegiga Access Server, Access Point and iWRAP are registered trademark s of Bluegiga Technologies. The Bluetooth trademark is owned by the Bluetooth SIG Inc., USA and is licensed to Bluegiga Tec hnologies. All other trademarks listed herein are owned by their respective owners.

1.0 First version

1.1 FCC and IC information added

1.2 WF121-N layout guide

1.3 Added power consumption measurements, regulatory info and some

1.4 Added unassociated idle consumption and a chapter about power saving

1.4.1 Added CE information

1.4.2 Removed details from the regulatory info

1.4.3 Corrected typos in the pad function tables

1.4.4 Reduced the list of supported coexistence schemes

1.4.5 Added links to Microchip reference guide, some notes on the coexistence

1.4.6 Added inversion notices to RTS/CTS for unambiguity

1.4.7 Added notes on the USB data pins GPIO use being input only to pin function

1.4.8 Added note on the engineering sample order codes

1.4.9 Additions to power supply description, rewrote power consumption section

DESCRIPTION

WF121 is a self -contained Wi -Fi module providing a fully integrated 2.4GHz 802.11 b/g/n radio and a 32-bit microcontroller (MCU) platform, making i t an ideal product for embedded applications requiring simple, low - cost and low -power wireless TCP/IP connectivity. WF121 also provides flexible interfaces for connecting to various peripherals. WF121 allows end user applications to be embedded onto the on-board 32 -bit microcontroller either using a simple BGScriptTM scripting language or for more sophisticated applications; ANSI C -language. This cuts out the need of an external MCU and allows the development of smaller and lower-cost products. However WF 121 can also be used in modem -like mode in applications where the external MCU is needed. With an integrated 802.11 radio, antenna, single power supply, and regulatory certifications, WF121 provides a low -risk and fast time -to-market for applications requ iring Internet connectivity. This combined with Bluegiga’s excellent customer service will turn your Internet -of-Things applications into reality. APPLICATIONS:  PoS terminals  RFID and laser scanners  Wi-Fi internet radios and audio streaming products  Wireless cameras  Video streaming  Portable navigation devices  Portable handheld devices  Wi-Fi medical sensors  Wireless picture frames KEY FEATURES:  2.4GHz band IEEE 802.11 b/g/n radio  Excellent radio performance:  TX power: +17 dBm  RX sensitivity: -97 dBm  Host interfaces:  20Mbps UART  USB on-the-go  Peripheral interfaces:  GPIO, AIO and timers  I2C, SPI and UART  Ethernet  Embedded TCP/IP and 802.11 MAC stacks:  IP, TCP, UDP, DHCP and DNS protocols  BGAPI host protocol for modem like usage  BGScriptTM scripting language or native C-development for self- contained applications  32-bit embedded microcontroller  80MHz, 128kB RAM and 512kB Flash  MIPS architecture  Temperature range: -40oC to +85oC  Fully CE, FCC and IC qualified PHYSICAL OUTLOOK: WF121-A

1 Ordering Information

WF121-A WF121 module with integrated antenna WF121-E WF121 module with U.FL connector WF121-N WF121 module with RF pin. Non-standard product, so minimum order quantity applies. Please contact: sales@bluegiga.com DKWF121 WF121 development kit Note: Modules with order code ending in –v1 are sold as engineering samples, while those with code –v2 are production units. The difference between the two is in the microcontroller version u sed, the –v2 version fixes a hardware bug that in some circumstances may cause rare bit errors. The modules differ in outlook in that the –v1 only has the Bluegiga logo and text “WF121” while –v2 versions also have FCC/IC ID codes and CE logo.

2 Pin-out and Terminal Descriptions

Figure 1: WF121 pinout Pad number Function Description 9 VDD_3.3V Module power supply

8 VDD_PA RF power amplifier power supply

1, 16, 26, 45, 48, 50 GND Ground, connected together internally but should all be connected directly to a solid ground plane 51 GNDPAD Thermal ground pad, should be soldered to a directly to a solid ground plane for improved thermal conductance

40 BT_RF Bluetooth coexistence antenna connection, connect to ground through a 51oh m resistor if

49 ANT Antenna connection pad in N variant of the module, in other variants not connected

25 VBUS USB VBUS input

13 MCLR

Module reset, also used for programming using a Microchip tool. Internal pull -up, can be left floating or connected to ground through a 100nF capacitor for delayed power -up reset (note: Microchip ICSP programming tools will not work with a capacitor) Table 1: Single function pad descriptions

PAD# GPIO I2C SPI UART Ethernet Timer USB Analog Prog. Parallel Other

2 RB15

3 RE0 ERXD1 PMD0

4 RE1 ERXD0 PMD1

5 RE2 ECRSDV PMD2

6 RE3

7 RE4 ERXERR PMD4

10 RE5 ETXEN PMD5

11 RE6 ETXD0 PMD6

12 RE7 ETXD1 PMD7

14 RB1

15 RB0

17 RB8 SS4 nU2CTS

18 RF3 OTG_ID

19 RB14 SCK4 nU2RTS

20 RB13 AN13 TDI PMA10

21 RB12 AN12 TCK PMA11

22 RB11 AN11 TDO PMA12

23 RB10 AN10 TMS PMA13

24 RB5

27 RG3 (input) D-

28 RG2 (input) D+

29 RD3 SCL3 SDO3 U1TX OC4

30 RC12 OSC1

31 RC15 OSC2

32 RD2 SDA3 SDI3 U1RX OC3

33 RC13

34 RC14

35 RF4

36 RF5

37 RD11

INT4 IC4 PMA14 BT_PERIODIC

38 RD0

INT0 OC1 WLAN_DENY

39 RD4 IC5/OC5 PMWR BT_STATUS

41 RD5 PMRD BT_ACTIVE

42 RD6

43 RD7

44 RD9

46 RD10

47 RD1 SCK3 nU1RTS

Table 2: Multifunction pad descriptions Note: 5V tolerant pads are marked with orange. CN pins support pull-up, pull-down and GPIO notifications

3 Power control

3.1 Power supply requirements

WF121 consists of two separate internal blocks, the microcontroller and the radio part. The blocks have separate supply voltage inputs and the microcontroller can disable the radio part supply internally. WF121 is designed to operate with a 3.3V no minal input voltage supplied to the two supply inputs . The VDD_3.3V pad can be fed with a voltage between 2.3V and 3.6V and is used to power the internal microcontroller. The VDD_PA pad can be supplied with a voltage between 2.7V and 4.8V and supplies the RF power amplifier and the internal switch-mode converter powering the Wi-Fi digital core. In lithium battery powered applications, VDD_PA can be connected directly to the battery, while a regulator is needed to supply the VDD_3.3V with a lower voltage, as needed by the design. The VDD_PA supply should be capable of providing at least 350mA, though the average cons umption of the module will be much less than that. The VDD_3.3V supply will draw a peak current of less than 100mA , not including current drawn from the GPIO pins. The PA supply should preferably be bypassed with a 10 to 100µF capacitor to smooth out the current spikes drawn by the Wi -Fi power amplifier. External high frequency bypassing is not needed, the module contains the needed supply filtering capacitors. Note that there is about 20µF worth of ceramic capacitors on the VDD_PA line inside the module. When using low drop linear regulators to generate a regulated supply for the VDD_PA line, the stability of the regulator with the low ESR provided by these capacitors sh ould be checked. Many linear regulators (and s ome switched mode ones) are not stable with ceramic output capacitors.

3.2 Power saving functionality

In Wi-Fi client mode, the WF121 radio core automatically powers on the RF circuitry only when needed . The Wi-Fi core processors support automatic sleep modes when not communicating actively, allowing very low idle consumption. When used as an access point, the radio core must receive const antly and cannot enter sleep modes. The WF121 main processor automatically enters an idle mode after a timeout period whenever it is not actively executing anything, lowering its consumption to about a third of the full while allowing instant wakeup. When the power saving functions are enabled in the hardware configuration script , the processor will after a pre-set timeout enter a deeper sleep mode to lower t he consumption to much lower levels, but will take a few milliseconds to wake up from and needs an interrupt to wake up. Keeping the WF121 associated with an access point with the power saving modes enabled will allow relatively fast response times with a low power consumption, but in some applications the consumption can be reduced further. Unassociating the Wi-Fi will allow fast re-association with lower idle consumption in applications where the module needs to transfer data only occasionally, while for applications where the absolute mi nimum consumption is desired and the communication intervals are long, the Wi -Fi section of the module can be fully powered off by disabling the module internal switch mode converter feeding the Wi -Fi core. Powering the Wi - Fi down fully will require a full reinitialization of the Wi -Fi core, and will take several seconds before associating with an access point. The power saving modes are user configurable and controllable. For more information see the firmware documentation.

3.3 Reset

WF121 can be reset by the MCLR-pin (active low), system power up, the internal brown -out detector or the internal watchdog timer.

4 Microcontroller

WF121 contains a Microchip PIC32-series 32 bit microcontroller with a MIPS M4K core. At a maximum clock frequency of 80 MHz the core can reach a performance of 125 DMIPS while keeping low power consumption. The microcontroller used in WF121 contains 512kB of Flash memory and 128kB of SRAM. Most peripheral features are directly provided by the microcontroller and for low level information and de tailed descriptions please refer to the material and datasheets of the PIC32MX695H.

5 Interfaces

5.1 General Purpose I/O pins

To see which GPIOs are multiplexed with which features, please refer to Table 2. WF121 contains a number of pa ds that can be configured to be used as general purpose digital IO’s, analog inputs or for various built-in functions. Provided functions include a Full Speed USB-OTG port, three I2C-ports, two SPI-ports, two to four UART’s, Ethernet MAC with RMII connecti on and various timer functions. Some of the pads are 5V tolerant. All GPIO pads can drive currents of up to +/- 25 mA. Four pins are available for implementing a coexistence scheme with a Bluetooth device. The exact order and function as well as the coexis tence system desired is software configurable, with the default pad bindings shown in Table 3 for a Unity-3e+ coexistence scheme. If the pads are bound to WiFi chip pins, the CPU pins associated with the pads must be set to inputs.

5.2 Serial ports

Pad number UART 1 UART 2 UART 4 UART 5 17 nCTS RX 19 nRTS TX

29 TX (output)

32 RX (input)

44 nCTS (input) RX 47 nRTS (output) TX Table 3: Serial port pads Two UART’s are provided with RTS/CTS -handshaking. If handshaking is not needed, up to four UART’s can be implemented. Speeds up to 20 Mbps are possible, but the higher bit rates might require the use of an external crystal for sufficient clock accuracy. The serial ports can also be used as host connect ions when using an external microcontroller. For details on the hardware details of the serial port, please refer to the PIC32 Family Reference Manual on UART. To see what other functions are present on the same pins, please refer to Table 2.

5.3 I2C/SPI

17 SS4 – Slave select SPI 4

19 SCK4 - Clock SPI 4

29 SCL3 – Clock I2C 3 SDO3 – Data out SPI 3

32 SDA3 – Data I2C 3 SDI3 – Data in SPI 3

35 SDA5 – Data I2C 5 SDI4 – Data in SPI 4

36 SCL5 – Clock I2C 5 SDO4 – Data out SPI 4

44 SDA1 – Data I2C 1 SS3 – Slave select SPI 3

46 SCL1 – Clock I2C 1

47 SCK3 – Clock SPI 3

Table 4: Pads for I2C and SPI Up to thr ee I 2C-ports and up to two SPI ports can be implemented, mostly multiplexed on the same pins together and with the UART signals. The I 2C ports support 100 kHz and 400 kHz speed specifications, while the SPI can be operated at up to 40 Mbps. The SPI ports a re also available for use as a host connection for use with an external microcontroller. For details on the SPI/I2C hardware, please refer to Microchip documentation on SPI and I2C. To see what other functions are present on the same pins, please refer to Table 2.

5.4 USB On-The-Go

Pad number Function Description

18 OTG_ID USB-OTG mode identify line

25 VBUS USB bus supply input

27 D- Data -

28 D+ Data +

24 VBUSON USB bus supply switch enable in host mode

Table 5: USB pads The module contains a USB -OTG system with an integrated transceiver. Full Speed (12 Mbp s) USB 2.0 profile is supported in device mode, while the host system can operate in Low Speed and Full Speed modes. For host use an external switch can be implemented to provide switched power for the connected device. Pad number 24 can be dedicated to co ntrol this switch. The USB device can be used as a host connection ,

although the embedded (simplified) USB -OTG may not be able to support every kind of USB system, like hubs. Using the USB connection requires an external crystal for sufficient clock accura cy. For details on the USB hardware operation please refer to the Microchip reference guide on USB. Other functions are present on the same pins; please refer to Table 2 for details.

5.5 Ethernet

Pad number Function Description

2 EMDC Management bus clock

3 ERXD1 Receive data 1

4 ERXD0 Receive data 0

5 ECRSDV Receive data valid

6 EREFCLK Reference clock

7 ERXERR Receive error

10 ETXEN Transmit enable

11 ETXD0 Transmit data 0

12 ETXD1 Transmit data 1

42 ETXERR Transmit error

47 EMDIO Management bus data

Table 6: Ethernet pads An RMII interface to an ext ernal Ethernet PHY is available . The PHY should supply EREFCLK with a 50 MHz RMII reference clock. Other functions are present on the same pads; please refer to Table 2 for details. For more details on the Ethernet operation, please refer to the Microchip reference guide on Ethernet MAC.

5.6 Analog inputs

2 AN15

14 AN1

15 AN0

17 AN8

19 AN14

20 AN13

21 AN12

22 AN11

23 AN10

24 AN5

Table 7: ADC pads The microcontroller provides a 10 -bit Analog to digital converter (ADC ) with sampling speeds up to 1MS ps. The measurement can be done on any of the input pins listed in the table above. For further information see the PIC32MX695H data sheet and related documents. For details on the ADC operation, please refer to the Microchip reference guide on ADC.

5.7 Timers

The module processor contains 5 timers with various functions including capture & compare. For more information see the PIC32MX695H data sheet.

5.8 Parallel master port

An 8-bit master/slave port is also available for transferring parallel data at a high speed to or from the module microcontroller. For more information, see Microchip reference guide on Parallel Master Port.

5.9 Microcontroller programming interface

Pad number Pad function Description

13 MCLR Reset

14 PGEC1 Programming Clock

15 PGED1 Programming Data

20 TDI JTAG Test Data In

21 TCK JTAG Test Clock

22 TDO JTAG Test Data out

23 TMS JTAG Test Machine State

Table 8: Programming and JTAG pads An ICSP (In -Circuit Serial Programming) interface (PGEC1, PGED1, MCLR) is provided to allow device re- flashing using a Microchip tool. A JTAG connection is also provided which can be used for system debugging purposes or device programming . For information on JTAG operation, please refer to Microchip documentation.

5.10 RF Debug Interface

Pad number Pad function Description

52 SPI_MISO RF Debug data out

53 SPI_CLK RF Debug clock

54 SPI_MOSI RF Debug data in

55 SPI_CS RF Debug chip select

Table 9: RF Debug SPI pads Four pads are provided for the debug interface of the WiFi chipset in the module botto m. This is meant for RF calibration and testing during module production and product certification measurements . These should in most applications be left unconnected, but should be taken into account when doing the application board layout. Avoid placing vias or signals without a solder mask under these pads. If separate radiated emission compliance measurements need to made for the application, these should be connected to a header. More information on the certification measurements can be obtained from Bluegiga support.

5.11 Bluetooth co-existence

Bluetooth coexistence systems allow co -located WiFi and Bluetooth devices to be aware of each other and to avoid simultaneous transfers that would degrade link performance. The most common coexistence schemes combine host driver-side prioritizing with hardware connections between the different radio devices where the hardware interface is used to communicate the exact timings for driver pre-defined events. WF121 has up to 4 pins available for implementing the hardwa re connection, but as the internal host processor is not running the Bluetooth stack too, it is not possible to implement any priorities for the separate radio devices. The hardware connections by themselves will still enable a crude form of coexistence, w ith the Wi-Fi side controlling the communications. Wi-Fi data will always have priority over Bluetooth data, and with high duty cycle Wi -Fi transfers (low bit rate, high throughput) the Bluetooth might not be able to transfer any data. Mostly however the Wi-Fi duty cycle will be less than 100% and the Bluetooth device may be able to transfer significant amounts of data.

5.12 Antenna switch for Bluetooth coexistence

WF121 supports sharing the integrated antenna or antenna connector with a Bluetooth device throu gh the BT_RF pad. The module contains a bypass switch to route the Bluetooth signal directly to the antenna, and supports using the internal LNA for Bluetooth reception. The switch is controlled through the coexistence

interface. Use of the antenna switch requires the use of Unity -3e scheme, as there are not enough pins available to implement a separate antenna control which requires two extra signals. While antenna sharing will ease antenna placement and general application design, it will also cause a number of problems.  There will be additional losses on the Bluetooth path due to the switch, reducing range.  Throughput reductions due to the coexistence operation will be increased and there may occur Wi -Fi timeouts due to Bluetooth scans reserving the full use of the antenna.  Wi-Fi power-off may also cause poor ranges for the Bluetooth device.  Sharing a single antenna will require a re -certification for at least FCC of both modules as the RF paths will have changed significantly from the scheme specified in the original certification setups. For use with CSR -based Bluetooth (BC4 to BC6 with firmware version 21 or later, BC7 and onwards with all versions), Unity -3e is recommended as the coexistence scheme. Unity -3e is an enhanced version of the traditional 3-wire Unity-3 –scheme that uses tighter timings and uses the three control lines also for antenna switch control, removing the need for the two separate switch control signals. The BT_PERIODIC signal is related to the Unity+ -standard, which allows mo re reliable audio throughputs, but it is not currently supported for WF121. Pad number Function

37 BT_PERIODIC

38 WLAN_DENY

39 BT_STATUS

41 BT_ACTIVE

Table 10: Bluetooth co-existence interface Industry standard 3 -wire and 4 -wire, as well as Unity-3, Unity -4, and Unity-3e coexistence schemes are supported and the associated si gnals can be assigned to the GPIO pad s. In default mode these pins are tied to CPU GPIO functions. Antenna sharing is possible with the Unity-3e scheme. For more detailed information about implementing co-existence, see WF111 datasheet.

5.13 CPU Clock

Pad number Function Description

30 OSC1 External crystal input

31 OSC2 External crystal output

Table 11: Clocking pads WF121 uses an inte rnal 26 MHz crystal as the WiFi reference clock. The internal processor uses an integrated 8MHz RC oscillator and associated phase locked loop (PLL) to create its clock signals, but cannot share the internal crystal-stabilized WiFi clock. The internal CPU uses a PLL to create an 80MHz core clock. To use the USB functionality an external crystal and the associated capacitors must be implemented on the application board to provide a sufficiently accurate clock. A crystal with its associated capaci tors can be connected to pads OSC1 and OSC2. If an external crystal is not needed, these pads are available for GPIO

use. The USB clock synthesizer requires an internal reference frequency of 4MHz, so the crystal for USB use must be a multiple of 4MHz. An external osc illator can also be used to generate the CPU clock frequency. The voltage levels should be 3.3V logic level. Note: The present WF121 default firmware only supports 8MHz crystals or oscillators. The internal clock divider generating the reference frequency for the internal PLL’ s cannot be changed by the firmware, and to support automatic switchover between the internal RC oscillator and the external crystal, the default firmware needs an 8MHz clock. A custom firmware can be ordered with support for desired frequencies for easier crystal availability, for achieving desired UART baud rates and other applications. The Ethernet connection requires the external PHY to provide the 50MHz RMII reference clock. A crystal is not required for the module CPU for Ethernet operation. 5.14 32.768 kHz External Reference Clock Pad number Function Description 33 SOSCI External 32.768 kHz crystal input 34 SOSCO External 32.768 kHz crystal output Table 12: Slow clock The module contains integrated RC oscill ators for sleep timing, one in the WiFi chipset, one in the CPU . The sleep clocks are used to periodically wake up the module while in power save modes. If more accurate timing is required, an external 32.768 kHz crystal and the associated capacitors can be placed to pads SOSCI and SOSCO. If an accurate sleep clock is not needed, the pads are available for GPIO use. An external oscillator can also be used to generate the sleep clock. The voltage levels should be 3.3V logic level. This low frequency clock is shared for both the CPU and the WiFi chipset. The default WiFi configuration uses only the internal oscillator, if support for a crystal stabilized WiFi sleep clock is required, please contact Bluegiga technical support. The Wi-Fi packet timing during ac tive data transfer is derived from the internal 26MHz crystal and s o is unaffected by the tolerances of the sleep clock.

6 Example schematic

Figure 2: Minimal system required for UART host connection

7 802.11 Radio

7.1 Wi-Fi Receiver

The receiver features direct conversion architecture. Sufficient out-of-band blocking specification at the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) input allows the receiver to be used in close proximity to GSM and WCDMA cellular phone transmitters without being desensiti zed. High-order baseband filters ensure good performance against in-band interference.

7.2 Wi-Fi Transmitter

The transmitter features a direct IQ modulator. Digital baseband transmit circuitry provides the required spectral sh aping and on -chip trims are used t o reduce IQ modulator distortion. Transmitter gain can be controlled on a per -packet basis, allowing the optimization of the transmit power as a function of modulation scheme. The internal Power Amplifier (PA) has a maximum output power of +15dBm for IEEE 802.11g/n and +17dBm for IEEE 802.11b . The module internally compensates for PA gain and reference oscillator frequency drifts with varying temperature and supply voltage.

7.3 Regulatory domains

WF121 uses the IEEE 802.11d standard to select the available chan nels based on the regulatory domain setting of the access point.

8 Firmware

WF121 incorporates firmware which implements a full TCP/IP stack and Wi -Fi management. Exact features will depend on the firmware version used. Please see the documentation of the firmware for exact details. There are three main ways to use the module: Host controlled, script controlled or native application controlled. Host controlled means an external host is physically connected to the module and it sends simple commands to the module and one of several different host interfaces can be used. The module provides high level APIs for managing Wi-Fi as well as data connections. Bluegiga provides a thin API layer (BGLib) written in ANSI C for the host which can take care of creating and parsing the messages sent over the transport. For evaluation purposes GUI tools and a library for python are also provided. IP BGAPI

802.2 LLC

802.11 MAC

(implements BGAPI) Application MLME

802.11 PHY

HTTP, FTP, SMTP etc. DHCP, TFTP, DNS etc. Figure 3: WF121 software Data can be routed either through the API or throug h another physical interface. For example if the first UART is used for sending and receiving command events, a TCP/IP socket can be bound to the second UART and data written to the UART will seamlessly be passed to the TCP/IP socket . For information about the latest capabilities of the firmware, please refer to the WF121 API reference documentation accompanying it. The module can also be controlled by a script running on the module. This is especially useful for simple applications as it eliminates the need for a host controller and can drastically cut development time. In combination with a host it can also be used automate certain features such as the serial to TCP/IP functionality described above. Native application development is also possible as the stack will not require all of the available flash or memory. Please see the material accompanying the firmware release about more details of this option.

9 Host interfaces

9.1 UART

The module can be controlled over the UART interface . In order for the communicati on to be reliable, hardware flow control signals (RTS and CTS) must be present between the host and the module. When using high UART transfer speeds (between 1 and 20Mbps ) an external crystal is required for sufficient clock accuracy.

9.2 USB

When using the U SB host interface, the module will appear as a USB CDC/ACM device enumerating as virtual COM port. The same protocol can be used as with the UART interface.

9.3 SPI

Please refer to the Bluegiga WF121 API reference documentation supplied with the firmware regar ding using SPI as the Host interface.

10.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Storage Temperature -40 85 °C VDD_PA -0.3 6 V VDD_3.3V -0.3 3.6 5V tolerant GPIO Voltages -0.3 5.5 V Other Terminal Voltages VSS-0.3 VDD_3.3V+0.3 V Maximum output current sourced or sunk by any GPIO pad 25 mA Maximum current on all GPIO pads combined 200 mA Table 13: Absolute maximum ratings

10.2 Recommended operating conditions

Operating Temperature Range * -40 85 °C VDD_3.3V 2.3 3.6 V VDD_PA 2.7 4.8 V Table 14: Recommended operating conditions *Note: The module may heat up depending on use, at high constant transmit duty cycles (high throughput, low bitrate for more than a few seconds) the maximum operating temperature may need to be derated to keep below the maximum ratings.

10.3 Input/output terminal characteristics

10.4 Digital

Digital terminals Min Typ Max Unit Input voltage levels VIL input logic level low 1.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V VSS-0.3V - 0.15VDD V VIH input logic level high 1.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V 0.8VDD - VDD+0.3V V Output voltage levels VOL output logic level low, Vdd = 3.6 V, Iol = 7 mA - - 0.4 V VOH output logic level high Vdd = 3.6 V, Ioh = -12 mA 2.4 - VDD V Table 15: Digital terminal electrical characteristics Min Typ max Frequency 32.748 32.768 32.788 kHz Deviation @25oC -20 +20 ppm Deviation over temperature -150 +150 ppm Duty cycle 30 50 70 % Rise time 50 ns Input high level 0.625Vdd Vdd+0.3 V Input low level -0.3 0.25Vdd V Table 16: External sleep clock specifications

10.5 Reset

Power-on Reset Min Typ Max Unit Power on reset threshold 1.75 - 2.1 V VDD rise rate to ensure reset 0.05 - 115 V/ms Table 17: Power on reset characteristics

10.6 Power consumption

Total maximum 400 mA both Absolute peak current during packet transmission (<5µs) CPU average 100 mA VDD_3.3V Typical average program execution consumption CPU idle 35 mA VDD_3.3V Idle mode, instant wakeup CPU sleep 60 µA VDD_3.3V Sleep mode, clocks off, WDT on, wakeup in milliseconds Wi-Fi core active 68 mA VDD_PA Receiving, transmitting, idle out of deep sleep, AP mode Wi-Fi core idle 110 µA VDD_PA Idle, between packet transfers, automatic deep sleep enabled (in client mode) Wi-Fi PA 240 mA VDD_PA Peak during packet transmission Wi-Fi LNA 12 mA VDD_PA Peak during packet reception Wi-Fi total sleep 10 µA VDD_PA Leakage when fully powered off Table 18: Power consumption for different operating modes

Transmit consumption 143 mA Typical average module consumption during full rate data transfer, system does not enter deep sleep due to constant data traffic (Ethernet MAC enabled for testing) Receive consumption 127 mA Typical average module consumption during full rate data transfer, system does not enter deep sleep due to constant data traffic Access point mode 108 mA Typical average idle current when configured as an AP, does not enter deep sleep due to AP mode requirements Idle, associated 6.1 mA Typical average with DTIM=1, beacon interval=100ms, including keep -alive traffic and CPU timed wakeups , power saving enabled Idle, associated 37 mA Typical average with DTIM=1, beacon interval=100ms, including keep -alive traffic and CPU timed wakeups , power saving disabled Idle, unassociated 226 µA Typical sleep current with Wi -Fi chip on and initialized but unassociated. Associating to an access point from this state usually happens in less than a second, depending on DHCP/static IP settings and security options . Peripherals disabled. Deep Sleep 70 µA Deep s leep (Wi-Fi power supply disabled internally, CPU sleeping, all peripherals except watchdog and GPIO interrupts off). Waking the Wi -Fi from this state re quires reinitialization of the Wi -Fi core and the time from wakeup to access point association can take up to 10 seconds Table 19: Typical power consumption, module total All average readings are made with a 3.3V power supply, using the DKWF121 board and comparing Fluke 289 True RMS multimeter average re adings with oscilloscope derived mode-specific consumption profiles. Associated idle consumption is heavily dependent on the access point used , the local broadcast traffic , power save timeouts set by the user and enabled peripherals. Measuring currents varying several orders of magnitude within microseconds may give varying results with different instruments and the measurement method should be considered carefully.

11 RF Characteristics

Channel 1 11 (default), 13 (ETSI) Frequency 2412 2472 MHz Table 20: Supported frequencies Standard Supported bit rates 802.11b 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps 802.11g 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps 802.11n, HT, 20MHz, 800ns 6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 39, 52, 58.5, 65Mbps Table 21: Supported modulations 802.11b Typ 802.11g Typ 802.11n short GI Typ 802.11n long GI Typ 1 Mbps -97 dBm 6 Mbps -92 dBm 6.5 Mbps -91 dBm 7.2 Mbps -92 dBm 2 Mbps -95 dBm 9 Mbps -91 dBm 13 Mbps -87 dBm 14.4 Mbps -90 dBm 5.5 Mbps -93 dBm 12 Mbps -89 dBm 19.5 Mbps -85 dBm 21.7 Mbps -87 dBm 11 Mbps -89 dBm 18 Mbps -87 dBm 26 Mbps -82 dBm 28.9 Mbps -84 dBm 24 Mbps -84 dBm 39 Mbps -78 dBm 43.3 Mbps -80 dBm 36 Mbps -80 dBm 52 Mbps -74 dBm 57.8 Mbps -75 dBm 48 Mbps -75 dBm 58.5 Mbps -71 dBm 65 Mbps -72 dBm 54 Mbps -73 dBm 65 Mbps -68 dBm 72.2 Mbps -69 dBm Table 22: Typical receiver sensitivity

Modulation type Min Typ Max 802.11b +16 +17 +17.6 dBm 802.11g +14 +15 +15.6 dBm 802.11n +14 +15 +15.6 dBm Table 23: Transmitter output power at maximum setting Modulation type Min Typ Max TX loss -2.5 -3 -3.5 dB RX gain (using internal LNA) 8 10 12 dB Internal LNA noise figure 2.0 2.5 dB Table 24: BT antenna sharing interface properties Typ Max 802.11 limit (total error) Variation between individual units +/-5 +/-10 +/-25 ppm Variation with temperature +/-3 +/-10 +/-25 ppm Table 25: Carrier frequency accuracy

12 Physical dimensions

Figure 4: Physical dimensions Figure 5: WF121-A recommended PCB land pattern

13 Layout guidelines

13.1 WF121-E

RF output can be taken directly from the U.FL connector of the module, and no antenna clearances need to be made for the module.

13.2 WF121-N

The RF output is taken from the ANT pin at the end of the device. In other variants this pin is not connected. The antenna trace should be properly impedance controlled and kept sh ort. Figure 6 shows a typical trace from the RF pin to a SMA connector. A transmission line impedance calculator, such as TX -Line made by AWR, can be used to approximate the dimensions for the 50 ohm transmission line. F igure 7 show cross sections of two 50 ohm transmission lines. Figure 6: Typical 50 ohm trace from the RF pin to an antenna connector

FR4, εr = 4.6 Prepreg, εr = 3.7 W = 0.15 mm h = 0.076 mm G = 0.25 mm GND stitching vias RF GROUND RF GROUND RF GROUND RF GROUND FR4, εr = 4.6 h = 1 mm W = 1.8 mm MICROSTRIP CPW Ground Figure 7: Example cross section of two different 50 ohm transmission line

13.3 WF121-A

Figure 8: Example layouts, board corner placement on left, board edge on right The impedance matching of the antenna is design ed for a layout similar to the module evaluation board . For an optimal performance of the antenna the layout should str ictly follow the layout example shown in the above figures and the thickness of FR4 should be between 1 and 2 mm, preferably 1.6mm.

Any dielectric material close to the antenna will change the resonant frequency and it is recommended not to place a plastic case or any other dielectric closer than 5 mm from the antenna. ANY metal in close proximity of the antenna will prevent the antenna from radiating freely. It is recommended not to place any metal or other conductive objects closer than 20 mm to the antenna except in the directions of the ground planes of the module itself. For optimal performance, place the antenna end of the module outside any metal surfaces and objects in the application, preferably on the device corner. The larger the angle in which no metallic object obstructs the antenna radiation, the better the antenna will work. The ANT pad on the antenna end of the WF121-A can be connected to the ground or left unsoldered.

13.4 Thermal considerations

The WF121 module may at continuous full power tra nsmit consume up to 1.3 W of DC power, most of which is drawn by the power amplifier. Most of this will be dissipated as heat. In any application where high ambient temperatures and constant transmissions for more than a few seconds can occur, it is import ant that a sufficient cooling surface is provided to dissipate the heat. The thermal pad in the bottom of the module must be connected to the application board ground planes by soldering. The application board should provide a number of vias under and aro und the pad to conduct the produced heat to the board ground planes, and preferably to a copper surface on the other side of the board in order to dissipate the heat into air. The module internal thermal resistance should in most cases be negligible compar ed to the thermal resistance from the module into air, and common equations for surface area required for cooling can be used to estimate the temperature rise of the module. Only copper planes on the circuit board surfaces with a solid thermal connection to the module ground pad will dissipate heat. For an application with high transmit duty cycles (low bit rate, high throughput, long bursts or constant streaming) the maximum allowed ambient temperature should be reduced due to inherent heating of the modul e, especially with small fully plastic enclosed applications where heat transfer to ambient air is low due to low thermal conductivity of plastic. The module measured on the evaluation board exhibits a temperature rise of about 25 oC above ambient temperature when continuously transmitting IEEE 802.11b at full power with minimal off -times and no collision detection (a worst case scenario regarding power dissipation). An insufficiently cooled module will rapidly heat beyond operating range in ambient room temperature.

13.5 EMC considerations

Following recommendations helps to avoid EMC problems arising in the design. Note that each design is unique and the following list do not consider all basic design rules such as avoiding capacitive coupling between signal lines. Following list is aimed to avoid EMC problems caused by RF part of the module.  Do not remove copper from the PCB more than needed. For proper operation the antenna requires a solid ground plane with as much surface area as possible. Use ground filling as much as possible. Connect all grounds together with multiple vias. Do not leave small floating unconnected copper areas or areas connected by just one via, these will act as additional antennas and raise the risk of unwanted radiations.  Do not place a ground plane underneath the antenna. The grounding areas under the module should be designed as shown in Figure 4.  When using overlapping ground areas use conductive vias separated max. 3 mm apart at the edge of the ground areas. This prevents RF from pene trating inside the PCB. Use ground vias extensively all over the PCB. All the traces in (and on) the PCB are potential antennas. Especially board edges should have grounds connected together at short intervals to avoid resonances.  Avoid current loops. Keep the traces with sensitive, high current or fast signals short, and mind the return current path, having a short signal path is not much use if the associated ground path between

the ends of the signal trace is long. Remember, ground is also a signal trace . The ground will conduct the same current as the signal path and at the same frequency, power and sensitivity.  Split a ground plane ONLY if you know exactly what you are doing. Splitting the plane may cause more harm than good if applied incorrectly. The ground plane acts as a part of the antenna system. Insufficient ground planes or large separate sensitive signal ground planes will easily cause the coupled transmitted pulses to be AM -demodulated by semiconductor junctions around the board, degrading system performance. Overlapping GND layers without GND stitching vias Overlapping GND layers with GND stitching vias shielding the RF energy Figure 9: Use of stitching vias to avoid emissions from the edges of the PCB

14 Soldering recommendations

WF121 is compatible with industrial standard reflow profile for Pb -free solders. The reflow profile used is dependent on the thermal mass of the entire populated PCB, heat transfer efficiency of the oven and particular type of solder paste used. Consult the datasheet of particular solder paste for profile configurations. Bluegiga Technologies will give followin g recommendations for soldering the module to ensure reliable solder joint and operation of the module after soldering. Since the profile used is process and layout dependent, the optimum profile should be studied case by case. Thus following recommendatio n should be taken as a starting point guide.  Refer to technical documentations of particular solder paste for profile configurations  Avoid using more than one flow.  Reliability of the solder joint and self -alignment of the component are dependent on the solder volume. Minimum of 150m stencil thickness is recommended.  Aperture size of the stencil should be 1:1 with the pad size.  A low residue, “no clean” solder paste should be used due to low mounted height of the component.  If the vias used on the appl ication board have a diameter larger than 0.3mm, it is recommended to mask the via holes at the module side to prevent solder wicking through the via holes. Solders have a habit of filling holes and leaving voids in the thermal pad solder junction, as well as forming solder balls on the other side of the application board which can in some cases be problematic.

15 Certifications

WF121 is compliant to the following specifications: 15.1 CE WF121 is in conformity with the essential requirements and other relevant re quirements of the R&TTE Directive (1999/5/EC). The product is conformity with the following standards and/or normative documents .  Radiated emissions EN 300 328 V1.7.1

15.2 FCC and IC

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two co nditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compl iance. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. This transmitter is considered as mobile device and should not be used closer than 20 cm from a human body. To allow portable use in a known host class 2 permissive change is required. Please contact support@bluegiga.com for detailed information. IC Statements: This device comp lies with Industry Canada licens e-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is s ubject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio tra nsmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically If detachable antennas are used: This radio transmitter (identify the device by certification number, or model number ifCategory II) has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for us e with this device. See table 25 for the approved antennas for WF121-E and WF121-N.

OEM Responsibilities to comply with FCC and Industry Canada Regulations The WF121 Module has been certified for integration i nto products only by OEM integrators under the following conditions:  The antenna(s) must be installed such that a minimum separation distance of 20cm is maintained between the radiator (antenna) and all persons at all times.  The transmitter module must no t be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. As long as the two conditions above are met, further transmitter testing will not be required. However, the OEM integrator is still responsible for testing their end -product for any additional compliance requirements required with this module installed (for example, digital device emissions, PC peripheral requirements, etc.). IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for certain configurations or co - location with another transmitter), then the FCC and Industry Canada authorizations are no longer considered valid and the FCC ID and IC Certification Number can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsi ble for re -evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC and Industry Canada authorization. End Product Labeling The WF121 Module is labeled with its own FCC ID and IC Certification Number. If the FCC ID and IC Certification Number are not visible when the module is installed inside another device, then the outside of the device into which the module is installed must also display a label referring to the enclosed module. In that case, the final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: “Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: QOQWF121” “Contains Transmitter Module IC: 5123A-BGTWF121” or “Contains FCC ID: QOQWF121 “Contains IC: 5123A-BGTWF121” The OEM of the WF121 Module must only use the appro ved antenna(s) described in table 25 , which have been certified with this module. The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module or change RF related parameters in the user m anual of the end product. To comply with FCC and Industry Canada RF radiation exposure limits for general population, the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed such that a minimum separation distance of 20cm is maintained between the radi ator (antenna) and all persons at all times and must not be co - located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

15.2.1 FCC et IC

Cet appareil est conforme à l’alinéa 15 des règles de la FCC. Deux conditions sont à respecter lors de son utilisation : (1) cet appareil ne doit pas créer d’interférence susceptible de causer un quelconque dommage et, (2) cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence, quelle qu’elle soit, y compris les interférences susceptibles d’entraîner un fonctionnement non requis. Déclaration de conformité FCC d’exposition aux radiofréquences (RF): Ce matériel respecte les limites d’exposition aux radiofréquences fixées par la FCC dans un environnement non contrôlé. Les utilisateurs finaux doivent se conformer aux instructions d ’utilisation spécifiées afin de satisfaire aux normes d’exposition en matière de radiofréquence. Ce transmetteur ne doit pas être installé ni utilisé en concomitance avec une autre antenne ou un autre transmetteur. Ce transmetteur est assimilé à un appareil mobile et ne doit pas être utilisé à moins de 20 cm du corps humain. Afin de permettre un usage mobile dans le cadre d’un matériel de catégorie 2, il est nécessaire de procéder à quelques adaptations. Pour des informations détaillées, veuillez contacter le support technique Bluegiga : support@bluegiga.com. Déclaration de conformité IC : Ce matériel respecte les standards RSS exempt de licence d’Industrie Canada. Son utilisation est soumise aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l’appareil ne doit causer aucune interférence, et (2) l’appareil doit accepter toute interférence, quelle qu’elle soit, y compris les interférences susceptibles d’entraîner un fonctionnement non requis de l’appareil. Selon la réglementation d’Indust rie Canada, ce radio -transmetteur ne peut utiliser qu’un seul type d’antenne et ne doit pas dépasser la limite de gain autorisée par Industrie Canada pour les transmetteurs. Afin de réduire les interférences potentielles avec d’autres utilisateurs, le type d’antenne et son gain devront être définis de telle façon que la puissance isotrope rayonnante équivalente (EIRP) soit juste suffisante pour permettre une bonne communication. Lors de l’utilisation d’antennes amovibles : Ce radio-transmetteur (identifié par un numéro certifié ou un numéro de modèle dans le cas de la catégorie II) a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les antennes référencées ci -dessous dans la limite de gain acceptable et l’impédance requise pour chaque type d’antenne cité. Les antennes non référencées possédant un gain supérieur au gain maximum autorisé pour le type d’antenne auquel elles

appartiennent sont strictement interdites d’utilisation avec ce matériel. Veu illez vous référer au tableau 25 concernant les antennes approuvées pour les WF121. Les responsabilités de l’intégrateur afin de satisfaire aux réglementations de la FCC et d’Industrie Canada : Les modules WF121 ont été certifiés pour entrer dans la fabrication de produits exclusivement réalisés par des intégrateurs dans les conditions suivantes :  L’antenne (ou les antennes) doit être installée de façon à maintenir à tout instant une distance minimum de 20cm entre la source de radiation (l’antenne) et toute personne physique.  Le module transmetteur ne doit pas être installé ou utilisé en concomitance avec une autre antenne ou un autre transmetteur. Tant que ces deux conditions sont réunies, il n’est pas nécessaire de procéder à des tests supplémentaires sur le transmetteur. Cependant, l’intégrateur est responsa ble des tests effectués sur le produit final afin de se mettre en conformité avec d’éventuelles exigences complémentaires lorsque le module est installé (exemple : émissions provenant d’appareils numériques, exigences vis-à-vis de périphériques informatiques, etc.) ; IMPORTANT : Dans le cas où ces conditions ne peuvent être satisfaites (pour certaines configurations ou installation avec un autre transmetteur), les autorisations fournies par la FCC et Industrie Canada ne sont plus valables et les numéros d’identification de la FCC et de certification d’Industrie Canada ne peuvent servir pour le produit final. Dans ces circonstances, il incombera à l’intégrateur de faire réévaluer le produit final (comprenant le transmetteur) et d’obtenir une autorisation séparée de la part de la FCC et d’Industrie Canada. Etiquetage du produit final Chaque module WF121 possède sa propre identification FCC et son propre numéro de certification IC. Si l’identification FCC et le numéro de certification IC ne sont pas visibles l orsqu’un module est installé à l’intérieur d’un autre appareil, alors l’appareil en question devra lui aussi présenter une étiquette faisant référence au module inclus. Dans ce cas, le produit final doit comporter une étiquette placée de façon visible affichant les mentions suivantes : « Contient un module transmetteur certifié FCC QOQWF121 » « Contient un module transmetteur certifié IC 5123A-BGTWF121 » ou « Inclut la certification FCC QOQWF121 »

« Inclut la certification IC 5123A-BGTWF121 » L’intégrateur du module WF121 ne doit utiliser que les antennes répertoriées dans le tableau 25 certifiées pour ce module. L’intégrateur est tenu de ne fournir aucune information à l’utilisateur final autorisant ce dernier à installer ou retirer le module RF, ou bien changer les paramètres RF du module, dans le manuel d’utilisation du produit final. Afin de se conformer aux limites de radiation imposées par la FCC et Industry Canada, l’antenne (ou les antennes) utilisée pour ce transmetteur doit être installée de tel le sorte à maintenir une distance minimum de 20cm à tout instant entre la source de radiation (l’antenne) et les personnes physiques. En outre, cette antenne ne devra en aucun cas être installée ou utilisée en concomitance avec une autre antenne ou un autre transmetteur.

16 Qualified Antenna Types for WF121-E

This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed belo w, and having a maximum gain of 2.14 dB. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 2.14 dB are strictly prohib ited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. Qualified Antenna Types for WT121-E Antenna Type Maximum Gain Dipole 2.14 dBi Table 26: Qualified Antenna Types for WF121-E Any antenna that is of the sa me type and of equal or less directional gain as listed in table 29 can be used without a need for retesting. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiate d power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication. Using an antenna of a different type or gain more than 2 .14 dBi will require additional testing for FCC, CE and IC. Please, contact support@bluegiga.com for more information

17 Contact information

Inquiries/ Support: www.bluegiga.com Head office, Finland Phone: +358-9-4355 060 Fax: +358-9-4355 0660 Bluegiga Technologies Oy Sinikalliontie 5A, 5th floor

02630 Espoo, FINLAND

Phone: +1 770 291 2181 Fax: +1 770 291 2183 Bluegiga Technologies, Inc.

3235 Satellite Boulevard, Building 400, Suite 300,

Duluth, GA, 30096, USA Hong Kong office Phone: +852 3972 2186 Bluegiga Technologies Ltd. Unit 10-18, 32/F, Tower 1, Millennium City 1,

388 Kwun Tong Road,

Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong