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VNC1L-1A

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Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC

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Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 1 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Future Technology Devices International Ltd. Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet The VNC1L is a single chip embedded dual USB host controller with the following advanced features: Two independent USB 2.0 Low -speed/Full- speed USB host ports. Individual ports can be configured as host or slave. Configurable options to interface to external Command Monitor via either UART, FIFO or SPI slave interface. Entire USB protocol handled on the chip. Integrated pull-up and pull-down resistors. Integrated FTDI proprietary, 8/32-bit embedded MCU processor core -Vinculum MCU (VMCU) - using “enhanced CISC” technology. Integrated, reconfigurable, 64k bytes of embedded Flash ( E-FLASH) memory to store firmware. 4k bytes data RAM. Field upgradeable firmware over UART or USB. Integrated Numeric Co -Processor (NCP) enhances 32 bit arithmetic speeds. Twin DMA controllers (one per USB interface) provide hardware acceleration of data transfer from USB to external IO bus. Operational configuration via a choice of free, downloadable firmware – no external software control required. Four fully configurable data and control I/O buses providing up to 28 pins of general purpose I/O. Integrated firmware allows read from and write to FAT format USB Flash keys. Supports bus powe red, self powered and high - power bus powered USB configurations. Programmable via UART interface. +3.3V single supply operation with 5V safe inputs. Low power operation (25mA operational, 2mA in standby). -40°C to +85°C extended operating temperature range. Available in compact Pb -free 48 Pin LQFP package (RoHS compliant). Vinculum is part of Future Technology Devices International Ltd. Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in, or the product described in this manual, may be adapted or reproduced in any material or electronic form without the prior written consent of the copyright holder. This product and its documentation are supplied on an as -is basis and no warranty as to their suitability for any particular purpose is eit her made or implied. Future Technology Devices International Ltd will not accept any claim for damages howsoever arising as a result of use or failure of this product. Your statutory rights are not affected. This product or any variant of it is not intended for use in any medical appliance, device or system in which the failure of the product might reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. This document provides preliminary information that may be subject to change without notice. No fr eedom to use patents or other intellectual property rights is implied by the publication of this document. Future Technology Devices In ternational Ltd, Unit 1, 2 Seaward Place, Centurion Business Park, Glasgow G41 1HH United Kingdom. Scotland Registered Number: SC136640

1 Typical Applications

Add USB host capability to embedded products. Interface USB Flash drive to MCU/PLD/FPGA. USB Flash drive to USB Flash drive file transfer interface. Digital camera to USB Flash drive or other USB slave device interface. PDA to USB Flash driver or other USB slave device interface. MP3 Player to USB Flash drive or other USB slave device interface. USB MP3 Player to USB MP3 Player. Mobile phone to USB Flash drive or other USB slave device interface. GPS to mobile phone interface. Instrumentation USB Flash drive or other USB slave device interfacing. Data-logger USB Flash drive or other USB slave device interface. Set Top Box - USB device interface. GPS tracker with USB Flash disk storage.

1.1 Firmware Support and VNC1L Programming

There are currently 6 standard firmware versions available for VNC1L: VDAP Firmware: USB Host for single Flash Disk and General Purpose USB peripherals. Selectable UART, FIFO or SPI interface command monitor. VDPS Firmware: USB Host for single Flash Disk and General Purpose USB peripherals. USB Slave port connection for connecting to host PC. Selectable UART, FIFO or SPI interface command monitor. VDFC Firmware: USB Host for two Flash Disks, Selectable UART, FIFO or SPI interface command monitor. VMSC1 Firmware: USB Host for single Flash Disk and General Purpose USB peripherals. Audio playback command extensions for VLSI VS1003 series MP3 decoder ICs. Selectable UART, FIFO or SPI interface command monitor port. VCDC Firmware: USB Host for automatic connection to USB Communications Class Devices. UART interface command monitor. VDIF Firmware: USB Host for single Flash Disk and General Purpose USB peripherals. Selectable UART, FIFO, SPI or USB interface command monitor. General Purpose USB peripherals include Printers, Communication Class Devices, Human Interface Devices, FTDI USB Serial Devices, and USB Hubs. USB peripherals can be accessed using command monitor commands to send SETUP, DATA IN and DATA OUT packets. Flash Disk firmware supports FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 file systems with a simple file oriented command set.

1.2 Part Numbers

1.3 Programming VNC1L

The VNC1L is shipped as a blank device. Initial in-circuit programming (using the downloaded .rom firmware file) can only be done via the UART interface. ( Refer to section 4.3 ) 2. When upgrading VNC1L in-situ, then the device can be programmed via the UART interface (.rom file). Alternatively, it can be upgraded via a USB Flash disk using a file called “ftrfb.ftd”. Both file

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 3 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 types can be downloaded from the FTDI website. Any firmware downloaded from the FTDI website should be changed to match this filename. 3. VNC1L devices can also be programmed before being assembled in a system using the VPROG1 VNC1L stand alone programmer – see (www.ftdichip.com)

2 VNC1L Block Diagram

PROG# TEST RESET# USB Host/Slave Transceiver 1 USB Host/Slave SIE 2 USB Host/Slave Transceiver 2 USB Host/Slave SIE 1 DMA Controller DMA Controller 12MHz Oscillator Clock Multiplier PLL Program and Test Logic 4k x 8 DATA SRAM Vinculum 32-Bit NPU INTERNAL IO BUS INTERNAL IO BUS EXTERNAL IO BUS 24MHz 48MHz UART PRESCALER SYSTEM TIMER Vinculum MCU Core 64k x 8 E-FLASH Program ROM BOOTSTRAP Loader ROM UART & FIFO I/F LOGIC SPI I/F LOGIC GPIO 0 I/F LOGIC GPIO 1 I/F LOGIC GPIO 2 I/F LOGIC GPIO 3 I/F LOGIC

48 MHz

24 MHz

ADBUS[0...7] ACBUS[0...7] BDBUS[0...7] BCBUS[0...3] INT Figure 2.1 Simplified VNC1L Block Diagram For a functional description of each block, please refer to Section 4.2

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 5 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Table of Contents

3 Device Pin Out and Signal Description

3.1 48 Lead LQFP Pin Out Figure 3.1 48 Lead LQFP Package Pin Out ADBUS6 ADBUS7 GND VCCIO ACBUS0 ACBUS1 ACBUS2 ACBUS3 AGND BDBUS2 VCCIO ADBUS1 ADBUS0 ADBUS2 ADBUS3 ADBUS4 ADBUS5 1 12 2536 FTDI VNC1L-1A YYWW ACBUS4 ACBUS5 ACBUS6 ACBUS7 GND VCC AVCC XTIN XTOUT PLLFLTR TEST RESET# PROG# BDBUS0 BDBUS1 BDBUS3 BDBUS4 BDBUS5 VCCIO BDBUS6 BDBUS7 BCBUS0 BCBUS1 BCBUS2 BCBUS3 GND USB2DM USB1DP USB1DM GND USB2DP XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 8 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 ADBUS0 ADBUS1 ADBUS2 ADBUS3 G N D G N D A G N D V C C I O V C C I O V C C I O V C C G N D G N D A V C C ACBUS0 ACBUS1 ACBUS2 ACBUS3 BDBUS0 BDBUS1 BDBUS2 BDBUS3 BDBUS4 BDBUS5 BDBUS6 BDBUS7 BCBUS0 BCBUS1 BCBUS2 BCBUS3 USB1DP USB1DM RESET# PROG# PLLFLTR TEST USB2DP USB2DM XTIN XTOUT ACBUS4 ACBUS5 ACBUS6 ACBUS7 VNC1L ADBUS7 ADBUS6 ADBUS5 ADBUS4 24139276 40 30 17 2 3 Figure 3.2 VNC1L – Schematic Symbol 3.2 48 Lead LQFP Package Pin Descriptions Pin No. Name Type Description

25 USB1DP I/O

USB host/slave port 1 - USB Data Signal Plus with integrated pull-up/pull-down resistor

26 USB1DM I/O

USB host/slave port 1 - USB Data Signal Minus with integrated pull-up/pull-down resistor

28 USB2DP I/O

USB host/slave port 2 - USB Data Signal Plus with integrated pull-up/pull-down resistor

29 USB2DM I/O

USB host/slave port 2 - USB Data Signal Minus with integrated pull-up/pull-down resistor Table 3.1 USB Interface Group Pin No. Name Type Description 1, 24, 27, 39 GND PWR Device ground supply pins 2 VCC PWR +3.3V supply to the device core

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 9 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Pin No. Name Type Description

3 AVCC PWR

+3.3V supply to the internal clock multiplier. This pin requires a 100nF decoupling capacitor

6 AGND PWR Device analogue ground supply for internal clock multiplier

17, 30, VCCIO PWR +3.3V supply to the ADBUS, ACBUS, BDBUS and BCBUS Interface pins (11..16, operation on these interface pins. Table 3.2 Power and Ground Group Pin No. Name Type Description XTIN Input Input to 12MHz Oscillator Cell. Connect 12MHz crystal across pins 4 and 5, with suitable loading capacitors to GND. This pin can also be driven by an external 12MHz clock signal. Note that the switching threshold of this pin is VCC/2, so if driving from an external source, the source must be driving at +3.3V CMOS level or AC coupled to centre around VCC/2 XTOUT Outpu t Output from 12MHz Oscillator Cell. Connect 12MHz crystal across pins 4 and 5, with suitable loading capacitors to GND. XTOUT stops oscillating during USB suspend, so take care using this signal to clock external logic 7 PLLFLTR Input External PLL filter circuit input. RC filter circuit must be fitted on this pin 8 TEST Input Puts the device into IC test mode. Must be tied to GND for normal operation

9 RESET#

Can be used by an external device to reset VNC1L. This pin can be used in combination with PROG# and the UART interface to program firmware into VNC1L. If not required pull-up to VCC via a 47kΩ resistor.*

10 PROG# Input

This pin is used in combination with the RESET# pin and the UART interface to program firmware into VNC1L.* Table 3.3 Miscellaneous Signal Group * These pins are pulled to VCC via internal 200kΩ resistors. Pin No. Name Type Description Combined Interface Mode UART Interface Parallel FIFO Interface SPI Slave Interface I/O Port

11 BDBUS0 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 0 PortBD0

12 BDBUS1 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 1 PortBD1

13 BDBUS2 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 2 PortBD2

14 BDBUS3 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 3 PortBD3

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 10 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Pin No. Name Type Description Combined Interface Mode UART Interface Parallel FIFO Interface SPI Slave Interface I/O Port

15 BDBUS4 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 4 PortBD4

16 BDBUS5 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 5 PortBD5

18 BDBUS6 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 6 PortBD6

19 BDBUS7 I/O

data/control bus, BD bit 7 PortBD7

20 BCBUS0 I/O

data/control bus, BC bit 0 PortBC0

21 BCBUS1 I/O

data/control bus, BC bit 1 PortBC1

22 BCBUS2 I/O

data/control bus, BC bit 2 PortBC2

23 BCBUS3 I/O

data/control bus, BC bit 3 PortBC3

31 ADBUS0 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 0 TXD D0 SCLK PortAD0

32 ADBUS1 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 1 RXD D1 SDI PortAD1

33 ADBUS2 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 2 RTS# D2 SDO PortAD2

34 ADBUS3 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 3 CTS# D3 CS PortAD3

35 ADBUS4 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 4 DTR# (DATAACK#) Not Available PortAD4

36 ADBUS5 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 5 DSR# (DATAREQ#) D5 PortAD5

37 ADBUS6 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 6 DCD# D6 PortAD6

38 ADBUS7 I/O

data/control bus, AD bit 7 RI# D7 PortAD7

41 ACBUS0 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 0 TXDEN# RXF# PortAC0

42 ACBUS1 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 1 TXE# PortAC1

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 11 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Pin No. Name Type Description Combined Interface Mode UART Interface Parallel FIFO Interface SPI Slave Interface I/O Port

43 ACBUS2 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 2 RD# PortAC2

44 ACBUS3 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 3 WR PortAC3

45 ACBUS4 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 4 DATAREQ# DATAREQ# PortAC4

46 ACBUS5 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 5, Interface mode selection pin DATAACK# DATAACK# PortAC5

47 ACBUS6 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 6, Interface mode selection pin PortAC6

48 ACBUS7 I/O

data/control bus, AC bit 7. To use a 12MHz crystal with VNC1L fit a 47kΩ pull-down resistor. Alternatively, fitting a 47kΩ pull-up resistor on this pin will switch off the internal clock multiplier, allowing the device to be fed with an external 48MHz clock signal into XTIN PortAC7 Table 3.4 Data and Control Signals

4 Functional Description

The VNC1L is the first of FTDI‟s Vinculum family of Embedded USB host controller integrated circuit devices. Vinculum can also encapsulate certain USB device classes handling the USB Host Interface and data transfer functions using the in-built MCU and embedded Flash memory. When interfacing to mass storage devices, such as USB Flash drives, Vinculum transparently handles the FAT File Structure using a simple to implement command set. Vinculum provides a cost effective solution for introducing USB host capability into products that previously did not have the hardware resources to do so. The VNC1L has a Combined Interface which interfaces a controlling application with the Command Monitor. The combined interfaces are UART, Parallel FIFO and SPI. The VNC1L is supplied un-programmed. It can be programmed before assembly or it can be configured “in the field” with configuration option firmware available from the Vinculum website at http://www.ftdichip.com.

4.1 Key Features

The VNC1L has the following key features: Two independent USB Host ports. 8 or 32-bit V-MCU Core. Dual DMA controllers for hardware acceleration. 64k Embedded Flash Program Memory. 4k internal Data SRAM. 2 x USB 2.0 Slow speed or Full speed Host or Slave ports. Automatic Low or Full Speed selection. UART, SPI and Parallel FIFO interfaces. Up to 28 GPIO pins depending on configuration. Low power operation (25mA running/2mA standby). FTDI firmware easily updated in the field. Multi-processor configuration capable.

4.2 Functional Block Descriptions

The following paragraphs detail each function within VNC1L. Please refer to the block diagram shown in Figure 2.1. USB Transceivers 1 and 2 - The two USB transceiver cells provide the physical USB device interface supporting USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 standards. Low-speed and full-speed USB data rates are supported. Each output driver provides +3.3V level slew rate control signalling, whilst a differential receiver and two single ended receivers provide USB DATA IN, SE0 and USB Reset condition detection. These cells also include integrated internal USB pull-up or pull-down resistors as required for host or slave mode. USB Serial Interface Engine (SIE) - These blocks handle the parallel to serial and serial to parallel conversion of the USB physical layer. This includes bit stuffing packets, CRC generation, USB frame generation and protocol error checking.

12 MHz Oscillator - The 12MHz Oscillator cell generates a 12MHz reference clock input to the Clock

Multiplier PLL from an external 12MHz crystal. Clock Multiplier PLL - The Clock Multiplier PLL takes the 12MHz input from the Oscillator Cell and generates 24MHz and 48MHz reference clock signals, which are required by the USB SIE Blocks, the MCU core, System Timer and UART prescalar blocks. Program and Test Logic - This block provides a means of programming the onboard E-FLASH memory. When PROG# is pulled low and the device is reset by pulsing the #RESET low, the onboard E-FLASH memory is bypassed by an internal hard-coded bootstrap Loader ROM which contains code to allow the E- FLASH memory to be programmed via commands to the UART interface. FTDI provides a software utility

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 13 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 which allows VNC1L to be programmed using this method. The TEST pin is used in manufacturing to enhance the testability of the various internal blocks and should be tied to GND. DMA Controller 1 and 2 - The twin DMA controllers in VNC1L greatly enhance performance by allowing data from the two USB SIE controllers, UART, FIFO and SPI interfaces to be transferred between each other via the data SRAM with minimal MCU intervention. Data SRAM - This 4k x 8bit block acts as the data (variable) memory for the Vinculum MCU, though it can also be accessed transparently to the MCU by the twin DMA controllers. NPU (Numeric Co-processor) – Operations which extensively utilise 32-bit arithmetic, such as calculations relating to the FAT file system, are enhanced by the 32-bit co-processor block. UART Prescaler - This block provides the master transmit/receive clock for the UART block. By varying the prescaler value, the baud rate of the UART can be adjusted over a range of 300baud to 1Mbaud. System Timer - The system timer provides a regular interrupt to VNC1L firmware. Vinculum MCU Core – Processor core based on FTDI‟s proprietary 8-bit embedded MCU architecture. VMCU has a Harvard architecture i.e. separate code and data space. It supports 64k bytes of program code, 64k bytes of (paged) data space and 256 bytes of I/O space and uses “enhanced CISC” technology. Typically VMCU instructions replace several lines of code in conventional CISC or RISC processors giving RISC like performance in CISC architecture with the advantage over both of excellent code compression in the program ROM space. E-FLASH Program ROM - The VNCL1L has 64k bytes of embedded Flash (E-FLASH) memory. No special programming voltages are necessary for programming the onboard E-FLASH as these are provided internally on-chip. VNC1L devices are supplied blank and require to be initially programmed using the Bootstrap Loader. Bootstrap Loader ROM - This is a small block of hard-coded ROM (512 x 8 bits) which bypasses the main E-FLASH memory when PROG# is pulled low. This provides a means of programming the entire E- FLASH memory via the UART interface. A blank device must be programmed with the Bootstrap Loader via the UART interface. A device already programmed may be upgraded via either the UART interface or the USB interface. UART and FIFO Logic - Optional serial and parallel interfaces to VNC1L that are equivalent to the interfaces on FTDI‟s FT232 and FT245 ICs. GPIO Blocks - General purpose I/O pins. Not all I/O pins are available to the user for a particular configuration. Restrictions on use are shown in Table 3.4.

4.3 Programming VNC1L

The VNC1L is shipped as a blank device. It must be programmed (when in bootloader mode) with firmware before use. It can be programmed either pre-assembly, using the VPROG-1 stand alone programmer or programmed in-circuit via the UART interface. The VNC1L bootloader uses the UART interface to load new firmware into the Vinculum Flash memory. To enable the bootloader, the PROG# pin must be driven low and VNC1L must then be reset by driving the RESET# pin low then high. Run mode can be enabled by driving the PROG# pin high and then resetting VNC1L by driving the RESET# pin low then high. When VNC1L firmware is updated via a microcontroller with a UART, the microcontroller must be capable of at least 115200 baud. The firmware can be upgraded in to the Flash memory via the UART interface or via a USB interface. Examples of how to connect VNC1L in each of these modes is given in http://www.ftdichip.com

5 Firmware Control Interface

There are three firmware interface options for the command monitor on the combined control and data interface. The command monitor interface options are UART, FIFO or SPI. The mode of operation is selected using VNC1L pins 46 and 47.The pin connections used to select the mode of the interface are shown in Table 5.1: Pin No. Mode 47 (ACBUS6) (ACBUS5) Pull-Up Pull-Up UART Pull-Up Pull-Down SPI Pull-Down Pull-Up FIFO Pull-Down Pull-Down UART Table 5.1 Combined Interface Selection Important : Pins ACBUS5 and ACBUS6 should not be tied directly to GND or VCC. Pins ACBUS5 and ACBUS6 should be pulled high or low using a resistor of around 47kΩ. These pins are read only at reset, but may then become outputs after the interface choice has been selected. When FIFO mode is selected ACBUS5 will be used as an output by VNC1L Firmware.

5.1 UART Interface

When the data and control buses are configured in UART mode, the interface implements a standard asynchronous serial UART port with flow control. The UART can support baud rates from 300baud to 1Mbaud. Data transfer uses NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) data format consisting of 1 start bit, 7 or 8 data bits, an optional parity bit, and one or two stop bits. When transmitting the data bits, the least significant bit is transmitted first. Transmit and receive waveforms are illustrated in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2: Figure 5.1 UART Receive Waveform Figure 5.2 UART Transmit Waveform Baud rate (default =9600 baud), flow control settings (default = RTS/CTS), number of data bits (default=8), parity (default is no parity) and number of stop bits (default=1) are all configurable using the firmware command interface. Please refer to http://www.ftdichip.com (or latest version).

5.1.1 UART Mode Signal Descriptions

Pin No. Name Type Description

31 TXD Output Transmit asynchronous data output

32 RXD Input Receive asynchronous data input

33 RTS# Output Request To Send Control Output

34 CTS# Input Clear To Send Control Input

35 DATAACK# Output Data Acknowledge (Data Terminal Ready Control) Output

36 DATAREQ# Input Data Request (Data Set Ready Control) Input

37 DCD# Input Data Carrier Detect Control Input

38 RI# Input

Ring Indicator Control Input. RI# low can be used to resume the PC USB Host controller from suspend.

41 TXDEN Output Enable Transmit Data for RS485 designs

Table 5.2 Data and Control Bus Signal Mode Options - UART Interface In RS485 designs, a transmit data enable signal, TXDEN, may be used to signal that a transmit operation is in progress. TXDEN will be set high one bit-time before data is transmitted and return low one bit time after the last bit of a data frame has been transmitted. The ring indicator pin, RI#, is used to wake up VNC1L from suspend mode. The suspend mode can be entered using a firmware monitor command.

5.2 SPI Interface

When the data and control buses are configured in SPI mode, the interface operates as an SPI Slave. An SPI master is required to provide the clock (SCLK) signal and set the chip select (CS) for the duration of the transaction. The SPI interface is a polled 4-wire interface which can operate at speeds up to 12MHz The SPI interface differs from most other implementations in that it uses a 13 clock sequence to transfer a single byte of data. In addition to a „Start‟ state, the SPI master must send two setup bits which indicate data direction and target address. The encoding of the setup bits is shown in Table 5.3. A single data byte is transmitted in each SPI transaction, with the most significant bit transmitted first. After each transaction VNC1L returns a single status bit. This indicates if a Data Write was successful or a Data Read was valid. Direction (R/W) Target Address Operation Meaning 1 0 Data Read Retrieve byte from Transmit Buffer 1 1 Status Read Read SPI Interface Status 0 0 Data Write Add byte to Receive Buffer 0 1 N/A N/A Table 5.3 SPI Setup Bit Encoding

5.2.1 Signal Descriptions

Pin No. Name Type Description

31 SCLK Input SPI Clock input

32 SDI Input SPI Serial Data Input

33 SDO Output SPI Serial Data Output

34 CS Input SPI Chip Select Input

Table 5.4 Data and Control Bus Signal Mode Options - SPI Interface The VNC1L SPI interface uses 4 signal lines: SCLK, CS, SDI and SDO. The signals SDI, SDO and CS are always clocked on the rising edge of the SCLK signal. CS signal must be raised high for the duration of the entire transaction. For data transactions, the CS must be released for at least one clock cycle after a transaction has completed. It is not necessary to release CS between Status Read operations. The „Start‟ state of SDI and CS high on the rising edge of SCLK initiates the transfer. The transfer finishes after 13 clock cycles, and the next transfer starts when SDI is high during the rising edge of SCLK. The following Figure 5.3 and Table 5.5 give details of the bus timing requirements.

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 17 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Figure 5.3 SPI Slave Mode Timing Time Description Minimum Typical Maximum Unit T1 SCLK Period 83 - - ns T2 SCLK High 20 - - ns T3 SCLK Low 20 - - ns T4 Input Setup Time 10 - - ns T5 Input Hold Time 10 - - ns T6 Output Hold Time 2 - - ns T7 Output Valid Time - - 20 ns Table 5.5 SPI Slave Data Timing

5.2.2 SPI Master Data Read Transaction

The SPI master must periodically poll for new data in VNC1L Transmit Buffer. It is recommended that this is done first before sending any command. The Start and Setup sequence is sent to VNC1L by the SPI master, see Figure 5.4. The VNC1L clocks out data from its Transmit Buffer on subsequent rising edge clock cycles provided by the SPI master. This is followed by a status bit generated by VNC1L. The Data Read status bit is defined in Table 5.6. If the status bit indicates New Data then the byte received is valid. If it indicates Old Data then the Transmit Buffer in VNC1L is empty and the byte of data received in the current transaction should be disregarded.

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 18 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Status Bit Meaning

0 New Data

Data in current transaction is valid data. Byte removed from Transmit Buffer.

1 Old Data

This same data has been read in a previous read cycle. Repeat the read cycle until New Data is received. Table 5.6 SPI Master Data Read Status Bit Figure 5.4 SPI Master Data Read (VNC1L Slave Mode) The status bit is only valid until the next rising edge of SCLK after the last data bit. During the Data Read operation the CS signal must not be de-asserted. The transfer completes after 13 clock cycles and the next transfer can begin when SDI and CS are high during the rising edge of SCLK.

5.2.3 SPI Master Data Transaction

During an SPI master Data Write operation the Start and Setup sequence is sent by the SPI master to VNC1L, see Figure 5.5. This is followed by the SPI master transmitting each bit of the data to be written to VNC1L. The VNC1L then responds with a status bit on SDO on the rising edge of the next clock cycle. The SPI master must read the status bit at the end of each write transaction to determine if the data was written successfully to VNC1L Receive Buffer. The Data Write status bit is defined in Table 5.7. The status bit is only valid until the next rising edge of SCLK after the last data bit. If the status bit indicates Accept then the byte transmitted has been added to VNC1L Receive Buffer. If it shows Reject then the Receive Buffer is full and the byte of data transmitted in the current transaction should be re-transmitted by the SPI master to VNC1L. Any application should poll VNC1L Receive Buffer by retrying the Data Write operation until the data is accepted. Status Bit Meaning

0 Accept Data from the current transaction was accepted and added to the Receive Buffer

1 Reject

Write data was not accepted. Retry the same write cycle. Table 5.7 SPI Master Data Write Status Bit

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 19 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Figure 5.5 SPI Slave Mode Data Write

5.2.4 SPI Master Status Read Transaction

The VNC1L has a status byte which determines the state of the Receive and Transmit Buffers. The SPI master must poll VNC1L and read the status byte. The Start and Setup sequence is sent to VNC1L by the SPI master, see Figure 5.6. The VNC1L clocks out its status byte on subsequent rising edge clock cycles from the SPI master. This is followed by a status bit generated by VNC1L (also on the SDO) which will always be zero (indicating new data). The meaning of the bits within the status byte sent by VNC1L during a Status Read operation is described in Table 5.8. The result of the Status Read transaction is only valid during the transaction itself. Data read and data write transactions must still check the status bit during a Data Read or Data Write cycle regardless of the result of a Status Read operation. Bit Description Description

0 RXF# Receive Buffer Full

1 TXE# Transmit Buffer Empty

4 RXF IRQEn Receive Buffer Full Interrupt Enable

5 TXE IRQEn Transmit Buffer Empty Interrupt Enable

Table 5.8 SPI Status Read Byte – bit descriptions.

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 20 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Figure 5.6 SPI Slave Mode Status Read

5.3 Parallel FIFO Interface

When VNC1L data and control buses are configured in the parallel FIFO interface mode, then it is functionally equivalent to FTDI FT245R and FT245B devices.

5.3.1 Signal Descriptions

The Parallel FIFO interface signals are described in Table 5.9. Pin No. Name Type Description

31 D0 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 0

32 D1 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 1

33 D2 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 2

34 D3 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 3

35 D4 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 4

36 D5 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 5

37 D6 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 6

38 D7 I/O FIFO Data Bus Bit 7

41 RXF# Output

When high, do not read data from the FIFO. When low, there is data available in the FIFO which can be read by strobing RD# low, then high.

42 TXE# Output

When high, do not write data into the FIFO. When low, data can be written into the FIFO by strobing WR high, then low.

43 RD# Input

Enables the current FIFO data byte on D0...D7 when low. Fetches the next FIFO data byte (if available) from the receive FIFO buffer when RD# goes from high to low

44 WR Input

Writes the data byte on the D0...D7 pins into the transmit FIFO buffer when WR goes from high to low. Table 5.9 Data and Control Bus Signal Mode Options - Parallel FIFO Interface

5.3.2 Read Transaction

When in parallel FIFO interface mode, the timing of a read operation on the FIFO interface is shown in Figure 5.7 and Table 5.10. Figure 5.7 FIFO Read Cycle Time Description Minimum Maximum Unit T1 RD Active Pulse Width 50 - ns T2 RD to RD Pre-Charge Time 50 + T6 - ns T3 RD Active to Valid Data* 20 50 ns T4 Valid Data Hold Time from RD Inactive* 0 - ns T5 RD Inactive to RXF# 0 25 ns T6 RXF Inactive After RD Cycle 80 - ns Table 5.10 FIFO Read Cycle Timings *Load = 30pF

5.3.3 Write Transaction

When in parallel FIFO interface mode, the timing of a write operation on the FIFO interface is shown in Figure 5.8 and Table 5.11. Figure 5.8 FIFO Write Cycle Time Description Minimum Maximum Unit T1 WR Active Pulse Width 50 - ns T2 WR to RD Pre-Charge Time 50 - ns T3 Data Setup Time before WR Inactive 20 - ns T4 Data Hold Time from WR Inactive 0 - ns T5 WR Inactive to TXE# 5 25 ns T6 TXE Inactive After WR Cycle 80 - ns Table 5.11 FIFO Write Cycle Timings

6 Device Characteristics and Ratings

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The absolute maximum ratings for VNC1L are shown in Table 6.1. These are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Exceeding these may cause permanent damage to the device. Parameter Value Unit Storage Temperature -65°C to 150°C Degrees C Floor Life (Out of Bag) At Factory Ambient ( 30°C / 60% Relative Humidity)

168 Hours

(IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033A MSL Level 3 Compliant)* Hours Ambient Temperature (Power Applied) -40°C to 85°C Degrees C. Vcc Supply Voltage 0 to +3.6 V DC Input Voltage - USBDP and USBDM -0.5 to +(Vcc +0.5) V DC Input Voltage - High Impedance Bidirectionals -0.5 to +5.00 V DC Input Voltage - All other Inputs -0.5 to +(Vcc +0.5) V DC Output Current - Outputs 8 mA DC Output Current - Low Impedance Bidirectionals 8 mA Power Dissipation (Vcc = 3.6V) 250 mW Table 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings * If devices are stored out of the packaging beyond this time limit the devices should be baked before use. The devices should be ramped up to a temperature of 125°C and baked for up to 17 hours.

6.2 DC Characteristics

DC Characteristics (Ambient Temperature -40˚C to +85˚C) Parameter Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions Vcc1 VCC Operating Supply Voltage 3 3.3 3.6 V Vcc2 VCCIO Operating Supply Voltage 3 3.3 3.6 V Icc1 Operating Supply Current - 25 - mA Normal Operation Icc2 Operating Supply Current 1.0 2.0 mA USB Suspend Table 6.2 Operating Voltage and Current

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 24 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Parameter Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions Voh Output Voltage High Vcc-0.4 3.6 V I source = 8mA Vol Output Voltage Low 0.4 V I sink = 8mA Vin Input Switching Threshold 0.8 1.4 2.0 V Table 6.3 UART and CBUS I/O Pin Characteristics Parameter Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions Vin Input Switching Threshold 0.8 1.4 2.0 V Table 6.4 RESET# and PROG# Pin Characteristics Parameter Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions UVoh I/O Pins Static Output ( High) 2.8 3.6 V UVol I/O Pins Static Output ( Low ) 0 0.3 V UVse Single Ended Rx Threshold 0.8 2.0 V UCom Differential Common Mode 0.8 2.5 V UVdif Differential Input Sensitivity 0.2 V UDrvZ Driver Output Impedance 28 44 Ohms Table 6.5 USB I/O Pin (USBDP, USBDM) Characteristics Driver Output Impedance includes the external USB series resistors on USBDP and USBDM pins. Parameter Description Minimum Typical Maximum Units Conditions Voh Output Voltage High 0.6 V Fosc = 12MHz Vol Output Voltage Low 0.2 V Fosc = 12MHz Vin Input Switching Threshold 0.4 V Table 6.6 XTIN, XOUT Pin Characteristics

7 Application Examples

7.1 Example VNC1L Schematic (MCU – UART Interface)

VNC1L can be configured to communicate with a microcontroller using a UART interface. An example of this is shown in Figure 7.1. Figure 7.1 VNC1L Schematic (MCU - UART Interface) Notes: 1. It is recommended that 68pF loading capacitors are used with the 12MHz oscillator. 2. VNC1L is shipped as a blank device. Initial in-circuit programming (using the downloaded .rom file) can only be done via the UART interface. 3. When in bootstrap mode (PROG# is low and RESET# toggled) then ACBUS5 and ACBUS6 are ignored and the device is forced into UART mode. 4. VNC1L can also be programmed, pre-assembly, using the VPROG1 VNC1L stand-alone programmer – see http://www.ftdichip.com

7.2 Block Diagram - VNC1L Programming Via USB Interface

VNC1L can be programmed from a PC USB port using an FTDI USB-serial converter such as the FT232R. This is the fastest way to reprogram VNC1L Flash memory as data can be transferred to VNC1L at up to 1MBaud. The required connections between VNC1L and an FT232R device for controlling the PROG# and RESET# pins is shown in Figure 7.2. FT232R VNC1L-1A TXD TXD (ADBUS0) RXD (ADBUS1) RXD RTS# RTS# (ADBUS2)CTS# CTS# (ADBUS3) CBUS2 CBUS3 PROG# RESET# VCCIO GND GND GND VCC3V3 10k 10k Figure 7.2 VNC1L –Block Diagram of Programming Using USB Connection Note that CBUS Bit Bang mode must be enabled in the FT232R EEPROM for CBUS2 and CBUS3 to enable this operation. See FTDI application note “AN232R-01 Bit Bang Modes for the FT232R and FT245R” for details of how to use CBUS Bit Bang mode. This is available at http://www.ftdichip.com). To enable the bootloader, the PROG# pin must be held low and the RESET# pin must be pulsed low then high again (this resets VNC1L). Run mode can be enabled by driving the PROG# pin high and then resetting VNC1L by driving the RESET# pin low then high. For further examples of connecting VNC1L for programming, please refer to http://www.ftdichip.com

8 Package Parameters

8.1 LQFP-48 Dimensions

VNC1L is supplied in a RoHS Compliant 48 pin LQFP package as standard. Figure 8.1 LQFP-48 Package Dimensions The LQFP-48 package is lead (Pb) free and uses a „green‟ compound. The package is fully compliant with including pins). The pins are on a 0.50 mm pitch. The mechanical drawing in Figure 8.1 shows the LQFP- 48 package – all dimensions are in millimetres. The date code format is YYWW where WW = 2 digit week number, YY = 2 digit year number. An alternative 6mm x 6mm leadless QFN package is also available for projects where PCB area is critical. Contact FTDI for availability. Pin# 1 0.25 1.60 MAX o +/- 1o 1.4 +/- 0.05

0.2 Min

0.6 +/- 0.15 1.0

0.05 Min

0.15 Max

0.24 +/- 0.07 0.22 +/- 0.05

0.09 Min

0.2 Max

0.16 Max

PIN# 48 0.50.22+/- 0.05 VNC1L-1A YYWW XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX FTDI

8.2 Solder Reflow Profile

The recommended solder reflow profile is shown in Figure 8.2. Figure 8.2 VNC1L Solder Reflow Profile The recommended values for the solder reflow profile are detailed in Table 8.1. Values are shown for both a completely Pb free solder process (i.e. VNC1L is used with Pb free solder) and for a non-Pb free solder process (i.e. VNC1L is used with non-Pb free solder). Profile Feature Pb Free Solder Process Non-Pb Free Solder Process Average Ramp Up Rate (Ts to Tp) 3°C / second Max. 3°C / second Max. Preheat - Temperature Min (TS Min.) - Temperature Max (TS Max.) - Time (tS Min to tS Max) 150°C 200°C 60 to 180 seconds 100°C 150°C 60 to 120 seconds Time Maintained Above Critical Temperature TL: - Temperature (TL) - Time (tL) 217°C 60 to 150 seconds 183°C 60 to 150 seconds Peak Temperature (TP) 260°C 240°C Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature (tP) 20 to 40 seconds 10 to 30 seconds Ramp Down Rate 6°C / second Max. 6°C / second Max. Time for T= 25°C to Peak Temperature, Tp 8 minutes Max. 6 minutes Max. Table 8.1 Reflow Profile Parameter Value Critical Zone: when T is in the range T to T Temperature, T (Degrees C) Time, t (seconds) PT = 25º C to T tp Tp TL t Preheat S tL Ramp Up L p Ramp Down T MaxS T MinS

9 Contact Information

Head Office – Glasgow, UK Future Technology Devices International Limited Unit 1,2 Seaward Place, Centurion Business Park Glasgow G41 1HH United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 141 429 2777 Fax: +44 (0) 141 429 2758 E-mail (Sales) sales1@ftdichip.com E-mail (Support) support1@ftdichip.com E-mail (General Enquiries) admin1@ftdichip.com Web Site URL http://www.ftdichip.com Web Shop URL http://www.ftdichip.com Branch Office – Taipei, Taiwan Future Technology Devices International Limited (Taiwan) 2F, No. 516, Sec. 1, NeiHu Road Taipei 114 Taiwan , R.O.C. Tel: +886 (0) 2 8791 3570 Fax: +886 (0) 2 8791 3576 E-mail (Sales) tw.sales1@ftdichip.com E-mail (Support) tw.support1@ftdichip.com E-mail (General Enquiries) tw.admin1@ftdichip.com Web Site URL http://www.ftdichip.com Branch Office – Hillsboro, Oregon, USA Future Technology Devices International Limited (USA)

7235 NW Evergreen Parkway, Suite 600

Hillsboro, OR 97123-5803 USA Tel: +1 (503) 547 0988 Fax: +1 (503) 547 0987 E-Mail (Sales) us.sales@ftdichip.com E-Mail (Support) us.admin@ftdichip.com Web Site URL http://www.ftdichip.com Branch Office – Shanghai, China Future Technology Devices International Limited (China) Room 408, 317 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200051 China Tel: +86 21 62351596 Fax: +86 21 62351595 E-mail (Sales) cn.sales@ftdichip.com E-mail (Support) cn.support@ftdichip.com E-mail (General Enquiries) cn.admin@ftdichip.com Web Site URL http://www.ftdichip.com Distributor and Sales Representatives Please visit the Sales Network page of the FTDI Web site for the contact details of our distributor(s) and sales representative(s) in your country.

Copyright © 2009 Future Technology Devices International Limited 32 Document Reference No.: FT_000030 Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC Datasheet Version 2.02 Clearance No.: FTDI# 50 Appendix B - Revision History

Revision History

Version 0.90 Initial Datasheet Created July 2006 Version 0.95 Datasheet Update September 2006 Version 0.96 Datasheet Update March 2007 Version 0.97 Update Table 5 June 2007 Version 0.98 Layout Update October 2007 Version 0.99 Datasheet Update May 2008 Version 1.00 Datasheet Update May 2008 Version 2.00 Increased temperature range, reformatted + minor edits. August 2008 Version 2.01 Corrected LED connection in Fig 7.1. Corrected XTIN description. Updated company address info. 11th May 2009 Version 2.02 Update table 3.4, pin 35 and 36. Replaced DATAACK# with DTR# and Replaced DATAREQ# with DSR# 23rd August 2010

Product Information

VNC1L-1A specifications and overview.

Summary

Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC

Description

Vinculum VNC1L Embedded USB Host Controller IC

Source title VNC1L-1A Datasheet(PDF) - Future Technology Devices International Ltd.

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