Amplifier

VCA824IDGSR

Texas Instruments

Ultra-Wideband, > 40dB Gain Adjust Range, Linear in V/V VARIABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER

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+VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FB RS 20/c87 VIN1 VCA824RG RS VIN2 RL CL VOUT /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 /c4521 /c4524 Frequency□(Hz) Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 1G 100M Initial□Frequency□Response of□the□VCA824□with□RC□Load Equalized□Frequency□Response VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 Ultra-Wideband, 40dB Gain Adjust Range, Linear in V/V VARIABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER 710MHz SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH The VCA824 is a dc-coupled, wideband, linear in V/V, +2V/V) continuously variable, voltage-controlled gain 320MHz, PP BANDWIDTH +10V/V) amplifier. It provides a differential input to 0.1dB GAIN FLATNESS to 135MHz single-ended conversion with a high-impedance gain 2500V/ µ s SLEW RATE control input used to vary the gain down 40dB from the nominal maximum gain set by the gain resistor 40dB GAIN ADJUST RANGE G and feedback resistor F HIGH GAIN ACCURACY: 20dB 0.3dB The VCA824 internal architecture consists of two HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT: 90mA input buffers and an output current feedback amplifier stage integrated with a multiplier core to provide a complete variable gain amplifier (VGA) system that DIFFERENTIAL LINE RECEIVERS does not require external buffering. The maximum DIFFERENTIAL EQUALIZERS gain is set externally with two resistors, providing flexibility in designs. The maximum gain is intended PULSE AMPLITUDE COMPENSATION to be set between +2V/V and +40V/V. Operating from VARIABLE ATTENUATORS supplies, the gain control voltage for the VCA824 VOLTAGE-TUNABLE ACTIVE FILTERS adjusts the gain linearly in V/V as the control voltage varies from +1V to 1V. For example, set for a maximum gain of +10V/V, the VCA824 provides 10V/V, at +1V input, to 0.1V/V at input of gain control range. The VCA824 offers excellent gain linearity. For a 20dB maximum gain, and a gain-control input voltage varying between and 1V, the gain does not deviate by more than 0.3dB (maximum at +25 C). VCA824 RELATED PRODUCTS GAIN Differential Equalizer ADJUST INPUT SIGNAL RANGE NOISE BANDWIDTH SINGLES DUALS (dB) (nV/ Hz (MHz) VCA810 2.4 VCA2612 1.25 VCA2613 VCA2615 0.8 VCA2617 4.1 VCA820 8.2 150 VCA821 6.0 420 VCA822 8.2 150 VCA824 6.0 420 Differential Equalization of an RC Load Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical sheet. X2Y is a registered trademark of X2Y Attenuators LLC. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

V OUT /c45VCC /c45VIN /c45RG FB +VCC VG +VIN +RG +VCC NC FB GND V OUT VREF /c45VCC +VCC VG +VIN +RG /c45RG /c45VIN /c45VCC VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) SPECIFIED PACKAGE TEMPERATURE PACKAGE ORDERING TRANSPORT PRODUCT PACKAGE-LEAD DESIGNATOR RANGE MARKING NUMBER MEDIA, QUANTITY VCA824ID Rail, VCA824 SO-14 D C to +85 C VCA824ID VCA824IDR Tape and Reel, 2500 VCA824IDGST Tape and Reel, 250 VCA824 MSOP-10 DGS C to +85 C BOT VCA824IDGSR Tape and Reel, 2500 (1) For the most current package and ordering information see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER VCA824 UNIT Power Supply 6.5 V Internal Power Dissipation See Thermal Characteristics Input Voltage Range V S V Storage Temperature Range to +125 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) +260 C Junction Temperature J +150 C Junction Temperature J Maximum Continuous Operation +140 C Human Body Model (HBM) 2000 V ESD Rating Charge Device Model (CDM) 1000 V Machine Model (MM) 200 V D PACKAGE DGS PACKAGE SO-14 MSOP-10 (TOP VIEW) (TOP VIEW) NC No Connection Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 At A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, R F 402 Ω R G Ω and R L 100 Ω unless otherwise noted. VCA824 MIN/MAX OVER TYP TEMPERATURE C to C to MIN/ TEST PARAMETER CONDITIONS +25 C +25 C (2) C (3) +85 C (3) UNITS MAX LEVEL (1) AC PERFORMANCE Small-Signal Bandwidth A VMAX +2V/V, V G +1V V O 500mV PP 710 MHz typ C A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O 500mV PP 420 MHz typ C A VMAX +40V/V, V G +1V, V O 500mV PP 170 MHz typ C Large-Signal Bandwidth A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O PP 320 MHz typ C Gain Control Bandwidth V O 200mV PP 330 240 235 235 MHz min B Bandwidth for 0.1dB Flatness A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O PP 135 MHz typ C Slew Rate A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O Step 2500 1800 1700 1700 µ s min B Rise-and-Fall Time A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O Step 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 ns max B Settling Time to 0.01% A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, V O Step ns typ C Harmonic Distortion 2nd-Harmonic V O PP f 20MHz -66 dBc min B 3rd-Harmonic V O PP f 20MHz -63 dBc min B Input Voltage Noise f 100kHz nV/ Hz typ C Input Current Noise f 100kHz 2.6 pA/ Hz typ C GAIN CONTROL Gain Error A VMAX +10V/V, V G 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 dB max A Gain Deviation A VMAX +10V/V, V G 0.05 0.3 0.34 0.37 dB max A Gain Deviation A VMAX +10V/V, -0.8 V G 1.06 1.9 2.1 2.2 dB max A Gain at V G 0.9V Relative to max gain dB max A Gain Control Bias Current µ A max A Average Gain Control Bias Current 100 100 nA/ C max B Drift Gain Control Input Impedance 1.5 0.6 M Ω pF typ C DC PERFORMANCE Input Offset Voltage A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G 17.8 mV max A Average Input Offset Voltage Drift A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G µ C max B Input Bias Current A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G µ A max A Average Input Bias Current Drift A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G nA/ C max B Input Offset Current A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G 0.5 2.5 3.2 3.5 µ A max A Average Input Offset Current Drift A VMAX +10V/V, V CM 0V, V G nA/ C max B Max Current Through Gain Resistance 2.6 2.55 2.55 2.5 mA max B INPUT Most Positive Common-Mode Input R L 100 Ω +1.6 +1.6 +1.6 +1.6 V min A Voltage Most Negative Common-Mode Input R L 100 Ω 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 V max A Voltage Common-Mode Rejection Ratio V CM 0.5V dB min A Input Impedance Differential M Ω pF typ C Common-Mode M Ω pF typ C (1) Test levels: (A) 100% tested at +25 Over temperature limits set by characterization and simulation. (B) Limits set by characterization and simulation. (C) Typical value only for information. (2) Junction temperature ambient for +25 C tested specifications. (3) Junction temperature ambient at low temperature limit; junction temperature ambient +23 C at high temperature limit for over temperature specifications. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S (continued) At A VMAX +10V/V, V G +1V, R F 402 Ω R G Ω and R L 100 Ω unless otherwise noted. VCA824 MIN/MAX OVER TYP TEMPERATURE C to C to MIN/ TEST PARAMETER CONDITIONS +25 C +25 C (2) C (3) +85 C (3) UNITS MAX LEVEL (1) OUTPUT Output Voltage Swing R L Ω 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 V min A R L 100 Ω 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 V min A Output Current V O 0V, R L Ω mA min A Output Impedance A VMAX +10V/V, f 100kHz 0.01 Ω typ C POWER SUPPLY Specified Operating Voltage V typ C Minimum Operating Voltage V min B Maximum Operating Voltage V max A Maximum Quiescent Current V G 36.5 37.5 38.5 mA max A Minimum Quiescent Current V G 36.5 34.5 mA max A Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (-PSRR) V G +1V -68 -61 -59 -58 dB min A THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Specified Operating Range D Package to +85 C typ C Thermal Resistance θ JA Junction-to-Ambient DGS, MSOP-10 130 C/W typ C SO-14 C/W typ C Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, DC Parameters 0.1 Gain□Resistor□( )/c87 Differential□Input□Voltage□(V ) PP 10 100 1k I =□2.6mARG MAX V (V )□=□2 /c180R I (A )/c180IN□MAX PP G RG MAX P Feedback□Resistor□( )/c87 Maximum□Gain□Adjust□Range□(dB) 100 1k 10k I =□2.6mARG A (V/V)□=□2 /c180[R /V (V )] 2 I (A/c180 /c180 )VMAX F IN PP P RG V =□1VO PP V =□2VO PP V =□4VO PP V =□3VO PP Output□Voltage□(V ) PP Maximum□Gain□Adjust□Range□(dB) 0.1 1 10 I =□2.6mARG A (V/V)□=□2 /c180[R /V (V )] 2 I (A/c180 /c180 )VMAX F IN PPP RG RF =□3k/c87 RF =□2k/c87 RF =□1.5k/c87 RF =□1k/c87 RF =□500/c87 RF =□4k/c87 RF =□5k/c87 /c451 Control□Voltage□(V) Gain□(V/V) Relative□Error□to Maximum□Gain Absolute□Error Control□Voltage□(V) Gain□(dB) Relative□Error□to□Linear□Regression Linear□Regression Data□Equation: Data /c452 /c454 /c456 Control□Voltage□(V) Gain□(dB) Relative□Error□to□Linear□Regression Linear□Regression Data□Equation: Data VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 At T A +25 R L 100 Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. MAXIMUM DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE vs R G MAXIMUM GAIN ADJUST RANGE vs R F Figure Figure MAXIMUM GAIN ADJUST RANGE vs GAIN ERROR BAND vs PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure Figure GAIN ERROR BAND vs GAIN ERROR BAND vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure Figure Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, DC and Power-Supply Parameters 460 450 440 430 420 410 400 390 A (V/V) VMAX Feedback□Resistor□( )/c87 1 10 100 NOTE: 3dB□bandwidth□varies□with□package□type./c45 See□the section□for□more□details.Applications□Information Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Quiescent□Current□(mA) +IQ /c45IQ Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Quiescent□Current□(mA) +IQ /c45IQ Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Quiescent□Current□(mA) +IQ /c45IQ 0.1 /c45 0.1 /c45 0.2 /c45 0.3 /c45 0.4 /c45 0.5 /c45 0.6 T emperature□( C)/c176 Input□Offset□Voltage□( V) /c109 /c45 5 Input□Bias□and□Offset□Current□( A) /c109 /c45 50 /c45 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Input□Offset□Voltage□(V )OS Left□Scale Input□Bias□Current□(I )B Right□Scale 10x Input□Offset□Current□(I )OS Right□Scale VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com At T A +25 R L 100 Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. SUPPLY CURRENT vs CONTROL VOLTAGE RECOMMENDED R F vs A VMAX VMAX +2V/V) Figure Figure SUPPLY CURRENT vs CONTROL VOLTAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs CONTROL VOLTAGE VMAX +10V/V) VMAX +40V/V) Figure Figure 10. TYPICAL DC DRIFT vs TEMPERATURE Figure 11. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +2V/V /c45 3 /c45 6 /c45 9 /c45 12 /c45 15 /c45 18 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□1VIN PP R =□100 /c87L V =□+1VG V =□0VG /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V =□2VO PP V =□1VO PP V =□0.5VO PP V =□4VO PP V =□5VO PP 400 300 200 100 /c45100 /c45200 /c45300 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(mV) V =□250mVIN PP f□=□20MHz /c451 /c452 /c453 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(V) V =□2VIN PP f□=□20MHz /c45 0.1 /c45 0.2 /c45 0.3 /c45 0.4 /c45 0.5 /c45 0.6 /c45 0.7 /c45 0.8 /c45 0.9 Number□of□Video□Loads Differential□Gain□(%) /c45 0.005 /c45 0.010 /c45 0.015 /c45 0.020 /c45 0.025 /c45 0.030 /c45 0.035 /c45 0.040 /c45 0.045 Differential□Phase□( ) /c176 1 2 3 4 /c45 dG,□V =□+1VG /c45 dP ,□V =□+1VG /c45 dP ,□V =□0VG /c45 dG,□V =□0VG 0.2 0.1 /c45 0.1 /c45 0.2 /c45 0.3 /c45 0.4 /c45 0.5 Frequency□(MHz) Magnitude□(dB) 0.15 0.10 0.05 /c45 0.05 /c45 0.10 /c45 0.15 /c45 0.20 Deviation□from□Linear□Phase□( ) /c176 0 50 100 150 200 Left□Scale Right□Scale A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□+1VG VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 453 Ω R G 453 Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. SMALL-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 12. Figure 13. SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE Figure 14. Figure 15. COMPOSITE VIDEO dG/dP GAIN FLATNESS, DEVIATION FROM LINEAR PHASE Figure 16. Figure 17. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 /c45 75 /c45 80 /c45 85 /c45 90 Frequency□(MHz) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 100 A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□+1VG V =□2VO PP R =□100 /c87L 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic /c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 /c45 75 /c45 80 /c45 85 /c45 90 Resistance□( )/c87 Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 100 1k 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□+1VG V =□2VO PP f□=□20MHz /c45 10 /c45 20 /c45 30 /c45 40 /c45 50 /c45 60 /c45 70 /c45 80 /c45 90 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□2VO PP R =□100 /c87L f□=□20MHz Maximum□Current Through□R LimitedG /c45 30 /c45 35 /c45 40 /c45 45 /c45 50 /c45 55 /c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 /c45 75 /c45 80 /c45 85 Output□Voltage□Swing□(V )PP Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 A =□+2V/VVMAX V =□+1VG R =□100 /c87L f□=□20MHz 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic Maximum□Current Through□R LimitedG Frequency□(MHz) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 At□50 Matched□Load/c87 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) Constant□Input□Voltage Constant□Output□Voltage f□=□20MHz At□50 Matched□Load/c87 VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +2V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 453 Ω R G 453 Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY LOAD RESISTANCE Figure 18. Figure 19. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 20. Figure 21. TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER vs INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 22. Figure 23. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 /c450.2 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Gain□(V/V) /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V =□0V +□10mVG DC PP V =□0.5VIN DC 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 Time□(10ns/div) Input□Voltage□(V) /c451 Output□Voltage□(V) V =□1VIN DC /c4510 /c4520 /c4530 /c4540 /c4550 /c4560 /c4570 /c4580 /c4590 /c45100 Frequency□(Hz) Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V =□2VG PP V = /c451VG V =□+1VG 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Group□Delay□(ns) 10MHz 20MHz 1MHz 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Frequency□(MHz) Group□Delay□(ns) 0 20 40 60 80 100 V =□+1VG V =□1VO PP VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +2V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 453 Ω R G 453 Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. GAIN vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 24. Figure 25. GAIN CONTROL PULSE RESPONSE FULLY-ATTENUATED RESPONSE Figure 26. Figure 27. GROUP DELAY vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GROUP DELAY vs FREQUENCY Figure 28. Figure 29. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c45 3 /c45 6 /c45 9 Capacitive□Load□(pF) R ( ) /c87 S 1 10 100 1k V =□0.5VO PP C =□100pFL C =□47pFL C =□10pFL C =□22pFL RF /c45 1k/c87 (1) CL VIN VOUT RS NOTE:□(1)□1k is□optional./c87 VCA824 100 Capacitive□Load□(pF) R ( /c87) S 1 10 100 1k 0.1dB□Flatness□T argeted 200 100 Frequency□(Hz) Output□Voltage□Noise□Density□(nV/ /c214Hz 100 1k 100k 1M 10k 10M V =□+1VG VG = /c45 1V V =□0VG Frequency□(Hz) Input□Voltage□Noise□Density□(pA/ ) /c214Hz 100 1k 10k 10M 100k 1M VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +2V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 453 Ω R G 453 Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. RECOMMENDED R S vs CAPACITIVE LOAD FREQUENCY RESPONSE vs CAPACITIVE LOAD Figure 30. Figure 31. OUTPUT VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY INPUT CURRENT NOISE DENSITY Figure 32. Figure 33. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +10V/V /c45 3 /c45 6 /c45 9 /c45 12 /c45 15 /c45 18 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□200mVIN PP R =□100 /c87G V =□+1VG V =□0VG /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 0 200M 400M 600M 800M 1G V =□1VO PP V =□4VO PP V =□2VO PP V =□0.5VO PP /c451 /c452 /c453 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(V) V =□400mVIN PP f□=□20MHz 300 200 100 /c45100 /c45200 /c45300 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(mV) VIN PP=□50mV f□=□20MHz 0.1 /c45 0.1 /c45 0.2 /c45 0.3 /c45 0.4 /c45 0.5 /c45 0.6 Frequency□(MHz) Magnitude□(dB) 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 /c45 0.05 /c45 0.10 /c45 0.15 Deviation□from□Linear□Phase□( ) /c176 0 50 100 150 200 Left□Scale Right□Scale A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□+1VG 200 100 Frequency□(Hz) Output□Voltage□Noise□Density□(nV/ ) /c214Hz 100 1k 100k 1M 10k 10M V =□+1VG V = 1V/c45G V =□0VG VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. SMALL-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 34. Figure 35. SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE Figure 36. Figure 37. GAIN FLATNESS, DEVIATION FROM LINEAR PHASE OUTPUT VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY Figure 38. Figure 39. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c45 50 /c45 55 /c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 /c45 75 /c45 80 /c45 85 Frequency□(MHz) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 100 A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□+1VG V =□2VO PP R =□100 /c87L 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic /c45 66 /c45 68 /c45 70 /c45 72 /c45 74 /c45 76 /c45 78 /c45 80 Resistance□( )/c87 Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 100 1k 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□+1VG VO PP=□1V f□=□20MHz /c45 10 /c45 20 /c45 30 /c45 40 /c45 50 /c45 60 /c45 70 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□2VO PP R =□100L /c87 f□=□20MHz Maximum□Current Through□R LimitedG /c45 20 /c45 30 /c45 40 /c45 50 /c45 60 /c45 70 /c45 80 /c45 90 Output□Voltage□Swing□(V )PP Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□+1VG RL =□100/c87 f□=□20MHz 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic Maximum□Current Through□R LimitedG Frequency□(MHz) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 At□50 Matched□Load/c87 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) Constant□Input□Voltage Constant□Output□Voltage f□=□20MHz At□50 Matched□Load/c87 VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +10V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY LOAD RESISTANCE Figure 40. Figure 41. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 42. Figure 43. TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER vs INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 44. Figure 45. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c451 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Gain□(V/V) /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V +□10mVG DC PP=□0V V =□0.1VIN DC 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 Time□(10ns/div) Input□Voltage□(V) /c451 Output□Voltage□(V) VIN =□0.2VDC /c45 1 /c45 2 /c45 3 /c45 4 /c45 5 Output□Current□(mA) Output□Voltage□(V) /c45 150 /c45 100 /c45 50 150 0 50 100 25/c87 Load 1W□Internal Power Dissipation 1W□Internal Power Dissipation 100/c87 Load 50/c87 Load 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 /c450.1 /c450.2 /c450.3 /c450.4 Input□Voltage□(V) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 /c451.5 /c452.0 Output□Voltage□(V) Time□(40ns/div) Input□Voltage Left□Scale Output□Voltage Right□Scale A =□+10V/VVMAX VG = /c450.3V /c4510 /c4520 /c4530 /c4540 /c4550 /c4560 /c4570 /c4580 /c4590 /c45100 Frequency□(Hz) Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V =□2VO PP Input□Referred V = /c451VG V =□+1VG VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +10V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. GAIN vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 46. Figure 47. GAIN CONTROL PULSE RESPONSE OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS Figure 48. Figure 49. FULLY-ATTENUATED RESPONSE I RG LIMITED OVERDRIVE RECOVERY Figure 50. Figure 51. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

0.6 0.4 0.2 /c450.2 /c450.4 /c450.6 Input□Voltage□(V) /c452 /c454 /c456 Output□Voltage□(V) Time□(40ns/div) Input□Voltage Left□Scale Output□Voltage Right□Scale A =□+10V/VVMAX V =□+1VG 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Group□Delay□(ns) 10MHz 20MHz 1MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Frequency□(MHz) Group□Delay□(ns) 0 20 40 60 80 100 V =□+1VG V =□1VO PP VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +10V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, and V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, unless otherwise noted. OUTPUT LIMITED OVERDRIVE RECOVERY GROUP DELAY vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 52. Figure 53. GROUP DELAY vs FREQUENCY Figure 54. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +40V/V /c45 3 /c45 6 /c45 9 /c45 12 /c45 15 /c45 18 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□50mVIN PP R =□100 /c87L V =□+1VG V =□0VG /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(MHz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 0 100 200 200 400 600 500 V =□1VO PP V =□4VO PP V =□2VO PP V =□0.5VO PP 400 300 200 100 /c45100 /c45200 /c45300 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(mV) V =□12.5mVIN PP f□=□20MHz 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 /c451.5 /c452.0 /c452.5 Time□(10ns/div) Output□Voltage□(V) V =□100mVIN PP f□=□20MHz 0.2 0.1 /c45 0.1 /c45 0.2 /c45 0.3 /c45 0.4 /c45 0.5 Frequency□(MHz) Magnitude□(dB) 0.15 0.10 0.05 /c45 0.05 /c45 0.10 /c45 0.15 /c45 0.20 Deviation□from□Linear□Phase□( ) /c176 0 20 40 60 200 A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□+1VG 1000 100 Frequency□(Hz) Output□Voltage□Noise□Density□(nV/ /c214Hz) 100 1k 100k 1M 10k 10M VG =□+1V VG =□0V VG = /c45 1V VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. SMALL-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 55. Figure 56. SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE Figure 57. Figure 58. GAIN FLATNESS, DEVIATION FROM LINEAR PHASE OUTPUT VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY Figure 59. Figure 60. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c45 35 /c45 40 /c45 45 /c45 50 /c45 55 /c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 Frequency□(MHz) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 100 A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□+1VG V =□2VO PP R =□100 /c87L 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic /c45 50 /c45 55 /c45 60 /c45 65 /c45 70 /c45 75 /c45 80 /c45 85 Resistance□(/c87 ) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 100 1k 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□+1VG VO PP=□1V f□=□20MHz /c45 10 /c45 15 /c45 20 /c45 25 /c45 30 /c45 35 /c45 40 /c45 45 /c45 50 /c45 55 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□2VO PP R =□100L /c87 f□=□20MHzMaximum□Current Through□R LimitedG /c45 10 /c45 20 /c45 30 /c45 40 /c45 50 /c45 60 /c45 70 /c45 80 Output□Voltage□Swing□(V )PP Harmonic□Distortion□(dBc) 0.1 1 10 A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□+1VG RL =□100/c87 f□=□20MHz 2nd-Harmonic 3rd-Harmonic Maximum□Current Through□R LimitedG Frequency□(MHz) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 At□50 Matched□Load/c87 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Intercept□Point□(+dBm) Constant□Input□Voltage Constant□Output□Voltage f□=□20MHz At□50 Matched□Load/c87 VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +40V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY LOAD RESISTANCE Figure 61. Figure 62. HARMONIC DISTORTION vs HARMONIC DISTORTION vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 63. Figure 64. TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT TWO-TONE, 3RD-ORDER vs INTERMODULATION INTERCEPT GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE Figure 65. Figure 66. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c455 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Intercept□P oint□(+dBm) /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(Hz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G VG DC PP=□0V +□10mV V =□10mVIN DC 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 Time□(10ns/div) Input□Voltage□(V) /c451 Output□Voltage□(V) V =□50mVIN DC /c4510 /c4520 /c4530 /c4540 /c4550 /c4560 /c4570 /c4580 Frequency□(Hz) Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 100M 1G V =□2VO PP Input□Referred V = /c451VG V =□+1VG 0.3 0.2 0.1 /c450.1 /c450.2 /c450.3 Input□Voltage□(V) /c452 /c454 /c456 Output□Voltage□(V) Time□(40ns/div) Input□Voltage Left□Scale Output□Voltage Right□Scale A =□+40V/VVMAX V =□+1VG 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 /c450.1 /c450.2 /c450.3 /c450.4 Input□Voltage□(V) 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 /c450.4 /c450.8 /c451.2 /c451.6 Output□Voltage□(V) Time□(40ns/div) Input□Voltage Left□Scale Output□Voltage Right□Scale A =□+40V/VVMAX V = 0.3V/c45G VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +40V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. GAIN vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GAIN CONTROL FREQUENCY RESPONSE Figure 67. Figure 68. GAIN CONTROL PULSE RESPONSE FULLY ATTENUATED RESPONSE Figure 69. Figure 70. I RG LIMITED OVERDRIVE RECOVERY OUTPUT LIMITED OVERDRIVE RECOVERY Figure 71. Figure 72. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Frequency□(MHz) Group□Delay□(ns) 0 20 40 60 80 100 V =□+1VG V =□1VO PP 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.80 Gain□Control□Voltage□(V) Group□Delay□(ns) 10MHz 20MHz 1MHz VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS: V S 5V, A VMAX +40V/V (continued) At T A +25 R L 100 Ω R F 402 Ω R G Ω V G +1V, V IN single-ended input on IN with V IN at ground, and SO-14 package, unless otherwise noted. GROUP DELAY vs GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE GROUP DELAY vs FREQUENCY Figure 73. Figure 74. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

0.1 F/c109

(see□detail) /c226 +VS /c45 VS G1 G2 A B X2Y Capacitor□Detail SO-14 VCA824 R 200 G /c87 RG+ VIN RG/c45 /c45 VIN IRG VG VOUT FB RF 1k/c87 VREF +5V /c45 5V 2.2 F/c1092.2 F/c109 20/c87 20/c87 20/c87 VOUT +VIN VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 For test purposes, the input impedance is set to Ω OPERATION with a resistor to ground and the output impedance is set to Ω with a series output resistor. Voltage The VCA824 provides an exceptional combination of swings reported in the Electrical Characteristics table high output power capability with a wideband, greater are taken directly at the input and output pins, while than 40dB gain adjust range, linear in V/V variable output power (dBm) is at the matched Ω load. For gain amplifier. The VCA824 input stage places the the circuit in Figure the total effective load is transconductance element between two input buffers, 100 Ω Ω Note that for the SO-14 package, there using the output currents as the forward signal. As is a voltage reference pin, V REF (pin 9). For the the differential input voltage rises, a signal current is SO-14 package, this pin must be connected to generated through the gain element. This current is ground through a Ω resistor in order to avoid then mirrored and gained by a factor of two before possible oscillations of the output stage. In the reaching the multiplier. The other input of the MSOP-10 package, this pin is internally connected multiplier is the voltage gain control pin, V G and does not require such precaution. An X2Y Depending on the voltage present on V G up to two capacitor has been used for power-supply bypassing. times the gain current is provided to the The combination of low inductance, high resonance transimpedance output stage. The transimpedance frequency, and integration of three capacitors in one output stage is a current-feedback amplifier providing package (two capacitors to ground and one across high output current capability and high slew rate, the supplies) enables the VCA824 to achieve the low 2500V/ µ This exceptional full-power performance second-harmonic distortion reported in the Electrical comes at the price of relatively high quiescent current Characteristics table. More information on how the (36.5mA), but low input voltage noise for this type of VCA824 operates can be found in the Operating architecture (6nV/ Hz Suggestions section. Figure shows the dc-coupled, gain of +10V/V, dual power-supply circuit used as the basis of the Electrical Characteristics and Typical Characteristics Figure 75. DC-Coupled, A VMAX +10V/V, Bipolar Supply Specification and Test Circuit Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

V =OUT /c180 V V +G /c180 IN RF RG RF RG /c45 RF /c180 VIN (1) V =OUT /c180V VIN /c180 G RF RG (2) RF +VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FB RG 20/c87 VIN VG RS Source Impedance VCA824 RF +VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FB RG RS RS 20/c87 VIN+ VIN/c45 VCA824 Frequency□(Hz) Common-Mode□Rejection□Ratio□(dB) 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M Input□Referred 1.5 1.0 /c45 1.5 Time□( s)/c109 Amplitude□(V) 0 1 102 0.5 /c45 1.0 /c45 0.5 9876543 VOUTVIN VG f =□1MHz f =□0.1MHz IN VG VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com A four-quadrant multiplier can easily be implemented Because both inputs of the VCA824 are using the VCA824. By placing a resistor between FB high-impedance, a difference amplifier can be and V IN the transfer function depends upon both V IN implemented without any major problem. Figure and V G as shown in Equation shows this implementation. This circuit provides excellent common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) as long as the input is within the CMRR range of 2.1V to +1.6V. Note that this circuit does not make use of the gain control pin, V G Also, it is recommended to choose R S such that the pole formed by R S and the Setting R to equal R G the term that depends only on parasitic input capacitance does not limit the V IN drops out of the equation, leaving only the term bandwidth of the circuit. Figure shows the that depends on both V G and V IN V OUT then follows common-mode rejection ratio for this circuit Equation implemented in a gain of +10V/V for V G +1V. Note that because the gain control voltage is fixed and is normally set to +1V, the feedback element can be reduced in order to increase the bandwidth. When reducing the feedback element, make sure that the VCA824 is not limited by common-mode input voltage, the current flowing through R G or any other limitation described in this data sheet. Figure 76. Four-Quadrant Multiplier Circuit Figure 78. Difference Amplifier Figure illustrates the behavior of this circuit. Keeping the input amplitude of a 1MHz signal constant and varying the V G voltage (100kHz, PP gives the modulated output voltage shown in Figure Figure 79. Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Figure 77. Modulated Output Signal of the 4-Quadrant Multiplexer Circuit Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

G□=□2 /c180 /c180RF RG 1□+□sR CG 1 1□+□sR C1 1 (3) /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 /c4521 /c4524 Frequency□(Hz) Gain□(dB) 1M 10M 1G 100M Initial□Frequency□Response of□the□VCA824□with□RC□Load Equalized□Frequency□Response DIFFERENTIAL CABLE EQUALIZER RF +VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FB RS 20/c87 VIN1 VCA824RG RS VIN2 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 /c450.5 /c451.0 Frequency□(MHz) 1694F□Cable□Attenuation□(dB) Equalizer□Gain□(dB) 1 10 100 Cable□Attenuation VCA824□Equalization VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 If the application requires frequency shaping (the transition from one gain to another), the VCA824 can be used advantageously because its architecture allows the application to isolate the input from the gain setting elements. Figure shows an implementation of such a configuration. The transfer function is shown in Equation Figure 81. Differential Equalization of an RC Load A differential cable equalizer can easily be implemented using the VCA824. An example of a cable equalization for 100 feet of Belden Cable 1694F is illustrated in Figure with Figure showing the result for this implementation. This implementation has a maximum error of 0.2dB from Figure 80. Differential Equalizer dc to 70MHz. This transfer function has one pole, P (located at R G C and one zero, Z (located at R C When equalizing an RC load, R L and C L compensate the pole added by the load located at R L C L with the zero Z Knowing R L C L and R G allows the user to select C as a first step and then calculate R Using R L Ω C L 100pF and wanting the VCA824 to operate at a gain of +2V/V, which gives R F R G 453k Ω allows the user to select C 15.5pF to ensure a positive value for the resistor R With all these values known, to achieve greater than 300MHz bandwidth, R can be calculated to be Ω Figure shows the frequency response for both the initial, unequalized frequency response and the resulting equalized frequency response. Figure 82. Cable Attenuation versus Equalizer Gain Note that this implementation shows the cable attenuation side-by-side with the equalization in the same plot. For a given frequency, the equalization function realized with the VCA824 matches the cable attenuation. The circuit in Figure is a driver circuit. To implement a receiver circuit, the signal is received differentially between the IN and V IN inputs. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c45 VIN 432/c87

10 F/c109

320 F/c109

13.6k/c87

300 F/c109

VG DC=□+1V

75 Load/c87

2 R C/c1122

f =8 (5) VOUT VIN 1□+□s R C2 G = /c45 /c180 (4) /c45 /c163 0.8V V 0.8VG /c163 (6) RF 1k/c87 +VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FBRG 200/c87 20/c87 VOUTVCA824 Out VG OPA690 24pF C VIN R 332/c87 R 332/c87 24pF 50/c87 V +□1G RF RG G□=□2 /c180 /c180 (7) VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com Figure 83. Differential Cable Equalizer by a short circuit. Visually replacing the amplifier by a short leaves a simple voltage-feedback amplifier with a feedback resistor bypassed by a capacitor. In the circuit of Figure the VCA824 serves as the Replacing this gain with a variable gain, the pole variable-gain element of a voltage-controlled can be written as shown in Equation low-pass filter. This section discusses how this implementation expands the circuit voltage swing capability over that normally achieved with the equivalent multiplier implementation. The circuit Because the VCA824 is most linear in the midrange, control voltage, V G is calculated as according to the the median of the adjustable pole should be set at V G simplified relationship described in Equation (see Figure Figure Figure and Equation Selecting R R 332 Ω and targeting a median frequency of 10MHz, the capacitance (C) is 24pF. Because the OPA690 was selected for the circuit of Figure and in order to limit peaking in the OPA690 frequency response, a capacitor equal to C was added on the inverting mode to ground. This architecture has the effect of setting the high-frequency noise gain of the OPA690 to +2V/V, ensuring stability and providing flat frequency response. Once the median frequency is set, the maximum and minimum frequencies can be determined by using V G 0.8V and V G +0.8V in the gain equation of Equation Note that this is a first-order analysis and does not take into consideration the open-loop gain limitation of the OPA690. Figure 84. Voltage-Control Low-Pass Filter The response control results from amplification of the feedback voltage applied to R First, consider the With the components shown, the circuit provides a case where the VCA824 produces G 1V/V. Then linear variation of the low-pass cutoff from 2MHz to this circuit performs as if the amplifier were replaced 20MHz, using V G +1V. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 predict typical small-signal ac performance, transient steps, dc performance, and noise under a wide variety of operating conditions. The models include the noise terms found in the electrical specifications of the relevant product data sheet. Two printed circuit boards (PCBs) are available to assist in the initial evaluation of circuit performance using the VCA824 in its two package options. Both of these are offered free of charge as unpopulated Operating the VCA824 optimally for a specific PCBs, delivered with a user's guide. The summary application requires trade-offs between bandwidth, information for these fixtures is shown in Table input dynamic range and the maximum input voltage, the maximum gain of operation and gain, output Table EVM Ordering Information dynamic range and the maximum input voltage, the LITERATURE package used, loading, and layout and bypass BOARD PART REQUEST recommendations. The Typical Characteristics have PRODUCT PACKAGE NUMBER NUMBER been defined to cover as much ground as possible to VCA824ID SO-14 DEM-VCA-SO-1B SBOU050 describe the VCA824 operation. There are four VCA824IDGS MSOP-10 DEM-VCA-MSOP-1A SBOU051 sections in the Typical Characteristics: V S DC Parameters and V S DC and The demonstration fixtures can be requested at the Power-Supply Parameters which include dc Texas Instruments web site www.ti.com through the operation and the intrinsic limitation of a VCA824 VCA824 product folder. design V S 5V, A VMAX +2V/V Gain of +2V/V Operation SUPPORT V S 5V, A VMAX +10V/V Gain of +10V/V Computer simulation of circuit performance using Operation SPICE is often useful when analyzing the V S 5V, A VMAX +40V/V Gain of +40V/V performance of analog circuits and systems. This Operation principle is particularly true for video and RF amplifier circuits where parasitic capacitance and inductance Where the Typical Characteristics describe the actual can play a major role in circuit performance. A SPICE performance that can be achieved by using the model for the VCA824 is available through the TI web amplifier properly, the following sections describe in page. The assistance. The models available from TI performance. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

/c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(MHz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 A =□40V/VVMAX A =□20V/VVMAX A =□10V/VVMAX A =□5V/VVMAX A =□2V/VVMAX 50/c87 RF 50/c87 VG VIN 50/c87 Source RG 50/c87 Load VOUT +VIN /c45 VIN RG/c45 RG+ /c453 /c456 /c459 /c4512 /c4515 /c4518 Frequency□(MHz) Normalized□Gain□(dB) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 A =□40V/VVMAX A =□20V/VVMAX A =□10V/VVMAX A =□5V/VVMAX A =□2V/VVMAX VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com There are no differences between the packages in the recommended values for the gain and feedback The VCA824 is available in both SO-14 and resistors. However, the bandwidth for the MSOP-10 packages. Each package has, for the VCA824IDGS (MSOP-10 package) is lower than the different gains used in the typical characteristics, bandwidth for the VCA824ID (SO-14 package). This different values of R F and R G in order to achieve the difference is true for all gains, but especially true for same performance detailed in the Electrical gains greater than 5V/V, as can be seen in Figure Characteristics table. and Figure Note that the scale must be changed Figure shows a test gain circuit for the VCA824. to a linear scale to view the details. Table lists the recommended configuration for the SO-14 and MSOP-10 packages. Figure 86. SO-14 Recommended R F and R G versus A VMAX Figure 85. Test Circuit Table SO-14 and MSOP-10 R F and R G Configurations G G G 100 R F 453 Ω 402 Ω 402 Ω R G 453 Ω Ω Ω Figure 87. MSOP-10 Recommended R F and R G versus A VMAX Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

I =RG VOUT A R /c180VMAX G (8) INPUT VOLTAGE DYNAMIC RANGE V =□R I /c180IN(PP) RG(PP)G (9) OUTPUT CURRENT AND VOLTAGE R =GMIN =□615.4/c87 3.2VPP 5.2mAPP (10) VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 VCA824 can drive 2.5V into Ω or 3.5V into Ω without exceeding the output capabilities or the This section describes the use of the VCA824 in a dissipation limit. A 100 Ω load line (the standard test fixed-gain application in which the V G control pin is circuit load) shows the full 3.9V output swing set at V G +1V. The tradeoffs described here are capability, as shown in the Typical Characteristics with bandwidth, gain, and output voltage range. The minimum specified output voltage and current In the case of an application that does not make use over-temperature are set by worst-case simulations at of the V GAIN but requires some other characteristic of the cold temperature extreme. Only at cold startup do the VCA824, the R G resistor must be set such that the output current and voltage decrease to the the maximum current flowing through the resistance numbers shown in the Electrical Characteristic tables. I RG is less than 2.6mA typical, or 5.2mA PP as As the output transistors deliver power, the respective defined in the Electrical Characteristics table, and junction temperatures increase, thereby increasing must follow Equation the available output voltage swing and output current. In steady-state operation, the available output voltage and current are always greater than the temperature shown in the over-temperature specifications As Equation illustrates, once the output dynamic because the output stage junction temperatures are range and maximum gain are defined, the gain higher than the specified operating ambient. resistor is set. This gain setting in turn affects the bandwidth, because in order to achieve the gain (and with a set gain element), the feedback element of the output stage amplifier is set as well. Keeping in mind The VCA824 has a input dynamic range limited to that the output amplifier of the VCA824 is a +1.6V and 2.1V. Increasing the input voltage current-feedback amplifier, the larger the feedback dynamic range can be done by using an attenuator element, the lower the bandwidth because the network on the input. If the VCA824 is trying to feedback resistor is the compensation element. regulate the amplitude at the output, such as in an AGC application, the input voltage dynamic range is Limiting the discussion to the input voltage only and directly proportional to Equation ignoring the output voltage and gain, Figure illustrates the tradeoff between the input voltage and the current flowing through the gain resistor. As such, for unity-gain or under-attenuated conditions, the input voltage must be limited to the CMIR of 1.6V (3.2V PP and the current RQ must The VCA824 provides output voltage and current flow through the gain resistor, 2.6mA (5.2mA PP capabilities that are unsurpassed in a low-cost This configuration sets a minimum value for R E such monolithic VCA. Under no-load conditions at +25 that the gain resistor must be greater than the output voltage typically swings closer than to Equation either supply rails; the +25 C swing limit is within 1.2V of either rails. Into a Ω load (the minimum tested load), it is tested to deliver more than 160mA. The specifications described above, though familiar in Values lower than 615.4 Ω are gain elements that the industry, consider voltage and current limits result in reduced input range, as the dynamic input separately. In many applications, it is the voltage range is limited by the current flowing through the current, or V-I product that is more relevant to circuit gain resistor R G RG If the I RG current limits the operation. Refer to the Output Voltage and Current performance of the circuit, the input stage of the Limitations plot Figure in the Typical VCA824 goes into overdrive, resulting in limited Characteristics. The and Y-axes of this graph output voltage range. Such I RG -limited overdrive show the zero-voltage output current limit and the conditions are shown in Figure for the gain of zero-current output voltage limit, respectively. The +10V/V and Figure for the +40V/V gain. four quadrants give a more detailed view of the VCA824 output drive capabilities, noting that the graph is bounded by a Safe Operating Area of maximum internal power dissipation. Superimposing resistor load lines onto the plot shows that the Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

+VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45 VIN FB RG 50/c87 10k/c87 1k/c87 50/c87 VIN VCA824 RF +5V /c45 5V VOUT +5V /c45 5V Input□Stage□and□Multiplexer□Core Offset□Compensation□Circuit Output□Stage□Offset Compensation□Circuit VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com With its large output current capability and its wide As a result of the internal architecture used on the output voltage swing of 3.9V typical on 100 Ω load, it VCA824, the output offset voltage originates from the is easy to forget other types of limitations that the output stage and from the input stage and multiplier VCA824 can encounter. For these limitations, careful core. Figure shows how to compensate both analysis must be done to avoid input stage limitation: sources of the output offset voltage. Use this either voltage or I RG current. Note that if control pin procedure to compensate the output offset voltage: V G varies, the gain limitation may affect other aspects starting with the output stage compensation, set of the circuit. V G to eliminate all offset contribution of the input stage and multiplier core. Adjust the output stage offset compensation potentiometer. Finally, set V G +1V to the maximum gain and adjust the input The output stage of the VCA824 is a wideband stage and multiplier core potentiometer. This current-feedback amplifier. As such, the feedback procedure effectively eliminates all offset contribution resistance is the compensation of the last stage. at the maximum gain. Because adjusting the gain Reducing the feedback element and maintaining the modifies the contribution of the input stage and the gain constant limits the useful range of I RG and multiplier core, some residual output offset voltage therefore, reduces the gain adjust range. For a given remains. gain, reducing the gain element limits the maximum achievable output voltage swing. Figure 88. Adjusting the Input and Output Voltage Sources Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

e =□A /c180O VMAX 2 (R i ) +□e +□2 4kTR/c180 /c180 /c180S n n S 2 2 (11) RF +VIN RG+ RG/c45 /c45VIN FB RG RS eO VCA824 eO in 4kTRS RS in 4kTRS NOTE:□R and□R are□noiseless.F G enOUTPUT iniOUTPUT iinOUTPUTICORE enINPUT inINPUT RF 4kTRF RS2 4kTRS2 RF 4kTRF eO FB GND VOUT VREF VG VG enINPUT inINPUT RG (Noiseless) +RG /c45RG V/c45 /c45VIN +VIN RS1 4kTRS1 inINPUT VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 This model is formulated in Equation and Figure The VCA824 offers 6nV/ Hz input-referred voltage noise density at a gain of +10V/V and 2.6pA/ Hz input-referred current noise density. The input-referred voltage noise density considers that all A more complete model is shown in Figure For noise terms (except the input current noise but additional information on this model and the actual including the thermal noise of both the feedback modeled noise terms, please contact the High-Speed resistor and the gain resistor) are expressed as one Product Application Support team at www.ti.com term. Figure 89. Simple Noise Model Figure 90. Full Noise Model Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

T =□T +□P /c180 /c113J D JAA (12) (13) Maximum□T =□+85 C□+□(0.449W 80 C/W)□=□120.8 C/c176 /c180 /c176 /c176J BOARD LAYOUT VCA824 SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 www.ti.com band limiting. To reduce unwanted capacitance, a window around the signal I/O pins should be opened The VCA824 does not require heatsinking or airflow in all of the ground and power planes around those in most applications. The maximum desired junction pins. Otherwise, ground and power planes should be temperature sets the maximum allowed internal unbroken elsewhere on the board. Place a small power dissipation as described in this section. In no series resistance (greater than Ω with the input pin case should the maximum junction temperature be connected to ground to help decouple package allowed to exceed +150 parasitics. Operating junction temperature J is given by Minimize the distance (less than 0.25 inches) Equation from the power-supply pins to high-frequency 0.1 µ F decoupling capacitors. At the device pins, the ground and power plane layout should not be in close The total internal power dissipation D is the sum of proximity to the signal I/O pins. Avoid narrow power quiescent power DQ and additional power and ground traces to minimize inductance between dissipated in the output stage DL to deliver load the pins and the decoupling capacitors. The power. Quiescent power is simply the specified power-supply connections should always be no-load supply current times the total supply voltage decoupled with these capacitors. Larger (2.2 µ F to across the part. P DL depends on the required output 6.8 µ decoupling capacitors, effective at lower signal and load; for a grounded resistive load, frequencies, should also be used on the main supply however, it is at a maximum when the output is fixed pins. These capacitors may be placed somewhat at a voltage equal to one-half of either supply voltage farther from the device and may be shared among (for equal bipolar supplies). Under this worst-case several devices in the same area of the PCB. condition, P DL V S /(4 R L where R L is the resistive load. Careful selection and placement of external components preserve the high-frequency Note that it is the power in the output stage and not in performance of the VCA824. Resistors should be a the load that determines internal power dissipation. very low reactance type. Surface-mount resistors As a worst-case example, compute the maximum T J work best and allow a tighter overall layout. Metal-film using a VCA824ID (SO-14 package) in the circuit of and carbon composition, axially-leaded resistors can Figure operating at maximum gain and at the also provide good high-frequency performance. maximum specified ambient temperature of +85 Again, keep the leads and PCB trace length as short as possible. Never use wire-wound type resistors in a high-frequency application. Because the output pin is the most sensitive to parasitic capacitance, always (14) position the series output resistor, if any, as close as possible to the output pin. Other network This maximum operating junction temperature is well components, such as inverting or non-inverting input below most system level targets. Most resistors, should also be placed close to should be lower because an absolute worst-case the package. output stage power was assumed in this calculation of V CC /2, which is beyond the output voltage range for Connections to other wideband devices on the the VCA824. board may be made with short direct traces or through onboard transmission lines. For short connections, consider the trace and the input to the next device as a lumped capacitive load. Relatively Achieving optimum performance with a wide traces (50mils to 100mils, or 1.27mm to high-frequency amplifier such as the VCA824 2.54mm) should be used, preferably with ground and requires careful attention to printed circuit board power planes opened up around them. (PCB) layout parasitics and external component types. Recommendations to optimize performance Socketing a high-speed part like the VCA824 is include: not recommended. The additional lead length and pin-to-pin capacitance introduced by the socket can Minimize parasitic capacitance to any ac ground create an extremely troublesome parasitic network, for all of the signal I/O pins. This recommendation which can make it almost impossible to achieve a includes the ground pin (pin 2). Parasitic capacitance smooth, stable frequency response. Best results are on the output can cause instability: on both the obtained by soldering the VCA824 onto the board. inverting input and the noninverting input, it can react with the source impedance to cause unintentional Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

+VS /c45VS Internal Circuitry ESD□protection□diodes□internally connected□to□all□pins. VCA824 www.ti.com SBOS394C NOVEMBER 2007 REVISED DECEMBER 2008 The VCA824 is built using a very high-speed complementary bipolar process. The internal junction breakdown voltages are relatively low for these very small geometry devices. These breakdowns are reflected in the Absolute Maximum Ratings table. All pins on the VCA824 are internally protected from ESD by means of a pair of back-to-back reverse-biased diodes to either power supply, as Figure 91. Internal ESD Protection shown in Figure These diodes begin to conduct when the pin voltage exceeds either power supply by about 0.7V. This situation can occur with loss of the amplifier power supplies while a signal source is still present. The diodes can typically withstand a continuous current of 30mA without destruction. To ensure long-term reliability, however, diode current should be externally limited to 10mA whenever possible. Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

www.ti.com Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. Changes from Revision B (August 2008) to Revision C Page Revised second paragraph in the Wideband Variable Gain Amplifier Operation section describing pin Changes from Revision A (December 2007) to Revision B Page Changed storage temperature range rating in Absolute Maximum Ratings table from C to +125 C to C to +125 C Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright 2007 2008, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Link(s): VCA824

Orderable Device Status(1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan(2) Lead/Ball FinishMSL Peak Temp (3) VCA824ID ACTIVE SOIC D 14 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDGSR ACTIVE MSOP DGS 10 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDGSRG4 ACTIVE MSOP DGS 10 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDGST ACTIVE MSOP DGS 10 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDGSTG4 ACTIVE MSOP DGS 10 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDR ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR VCA824IDRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR (1)The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2)Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontentfor the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS):TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt):This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br):TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 19-Nov-2008 Addendum-Page 1

*All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) A0 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Nov-2008 Pack Materials-Page 1

*All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) VCA824IDGSR MSOP DGS 10 2500 346.0 346.0 29.0 VCA824IDGST MSOP DGS 10 250 190.5 212.7 31.8 VCA824IDR SOIC D 14 2500 346.0 346.0 33.0 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Nov-2008 Pack Materials-Page 2

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Product Information

VCA824IDGSR specifications and overview.

Summary

Ultra-Wideband, > 40dB Gain Adjust Range, Linear in V/V VARIABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER

Description

Ultra-Wideband, > 40dB Gain Adjust Range, Linear in V/V VARIABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER

Source title VCA824IDGSR Datasheet(PDF) - Texas Instruments

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