UM0900 STMICROELECTRONICS | Alldatasheet
Document overview
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Technical content
Datasheet sections
- 1 Introduction
- 2 System introduction
- 2.1 Main characteristics
- 2.2 Target application
- 2.3 Safety and operating instructions
- 2.3.1 General terms
- 2.3.2 Demonstration board intended use
- 2.3.3 Demonstration board installation
- 2.3.4 Electrical connections
- 3 Board description
- 3.1 System architecture
- 3.2 The board schematic
- 3.3 Circuit description
- 3.3.1 Power supply
- 3.3.2 Inrush limitation
- 3.3.3 Power block based on IGBT module
- 3.3.4 Brake function
- 3.3.5 Overcurrent protection
- 3.3.6 Current sensing amplifying network
- 3.3.7 The tachometer and hall/encoder inputs
- 3.3.8 Temperature feedback and overtemperature protection (OTP)
- 4 Hardware setting of the STEVAL-IHM025V1
- 4.1 Hardware settings for six-step (block commutation) current control
- 4.2 Hardware settings with three-shunt configuration
- 5 Description of jumpers, test pins and connectors
- 6 Connector placement
- 7 Bill of materials
1 Introduction
induction motors or PMSM motors up to 1000 W, with or without sensors. has been specifically designed to achieve power inversion in a reliable and compact design. matching the typical requirements in field oriented control (FOC). 90 VAC to 285 VAC or from 125 VDC up to 400 VDC for DC voltage. IHM025V1 (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1. STEVAL-IHM025V1
10 Using the STEVAL-IHM025V1 with STM32 FOC firmware library . . . . 38
System introduction UM0900 6/43 Doc ID 17028 Rev 1
2 System introduction
2.1 Main characteristics
The information below lists the converter specification data and the main parameters set for the STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board.
- Minimum input voltage 125 VDC or 90 VAC
- Maximum input voltage 400 VDC or 285 VAC
- Maximum output power for motors up to 1000 W
- Regenerative brake control feature
- Input inrush limitation with bypassing relay
- +15 V auxiliary power supply based on a buck converter with VIPer™16
- Use of the IGBT intelligent power module STGIPL14K60 in the SDIP 38L molded package
- Fully populated board conception with testing points and safety isolated plastic cover
- Motor control connector for interfacing with the STM3210B-EVAL board and other STMicroelectronics’ motor control dedicated kits
- Tachometer input
- Hall/encoder inputs
- Possibility to connect a BEMF daughterboard for sensorless six-step control
- PCB type and size: – Material of PCB - FR-4 – Double-sided layout – Copper thickness: ~45 µm – Total dimensions of demonstration board: 190 mm x 110 mm.
2.2 Target application
- Washing machines
- Home appliances
- Medical application, fitness application
- High-power industry pumps
- Medium power fans for HVAC
- Power tools.
UM0900 System introduction Doc ID 17028 Rev 1 7/43
2.3 Safety and operating instructions
2.3.1 General terms
Warning: During assembly, testing, and normal operation, the demonstration board poses several inherent hazards, including bare wires, moving or rotating parts and hot surfaces. There is a danger of serious personal injury if the kit or components are improperly used or incorrectly installed. The kit is not electrically isolated from the AC/DC input. The demonstration board is directly linked to the mains voltage. No insulation is ensured between accessible parts and high voltage. All measuring equipment must be isolated from the mains before powering the board. When using an oscilloscope with the demonstration board, it must be isolated from the AC line. This prevents shock from occurring as a result of touching any single point in the circuit, but does not prevent shock when touching two or more points in the circuit. Do not touch the demonstration board after disconnection from the voltage supply ; several parts and power terminals, which contain energized capacitors, must be allowed to discharge. All operations involving transportation, installation and use, as well as maintenance, are to be carried out by skilled technical pe rsonnel (national accident prevention rules must be observed). For the purpose of these basic safety instructions, “skilled technical personnel” are considered as suitably qualified people who are familiar with the installation, use, and maintenance of power electronic systems.
2.3.2 Demonstration board intended use
The STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board is designed for demonstration purposes only and must not be used in final applications. The technical data, as well as information concerning the power supply conditions, must only be taken from the relevant documentation and must be strictly observed.
2.3.3 Demonstration board installation
The installation and cooling of the demonstration board must be in accordance with the specifications and the targeted application.
- The motor drive converters must be protected against excessive strain. In particular, no components are to be bent or isolating distances altered during the course of transportation or handling.
- No contact must be made with other electronic components and contacts.
- The boards contain electro-statically sensitive components that are prone to damage through improper use. Electrical components must not be mechanically damaged or destroyed.
System introduction UM0900 8/43 Doc ID 17028 Rev 1
2.3.4 Electrical connections
Applicable national accident prevention rules must be followed when working on the main power supply. The electrical installation must be carried out in accordance with the appropriate requirements. A system architecture which supplies power to the demonstration board must be equipped with additional control and protective devices in accordance with the applicable safety requirements (e.g. compliance with technical equipment and accident prevention rules).
3 Board description
3.1 System architecture
main blocks (see Figure 2 below).
- Control block - its main task is to accept user commands and motor drive configuration parameters. It provides all digital signals to implement the proper motor driving strategy. The STM3210B-EVAL demonstration board, based on the STM32 microcontroller can be used as the control block, thanks to the motor control connector equipped on the STEVAL-IHM025V1.
- Power block - it is based on three-phase inverter topology. The hearth of the power block is the STGIPL14K60 integrated intelligent power module which contains all the necessary active components. Please refer to the STGIPL14K60 datasheets for more information.
- The motor - the STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board is able to properly drive any PMSM, but the FOC itself is conceived for sinusoidal-shaped back-EMF . The demonstration board is also convenient for driving any 3- or 2-phase asynchronous motor.
- Power supply block - able to work from 90 VAC to 285 VAC or from 125 VDC to 400 VDC. The power block is based on a buck converter with a VIPer16 controller. Please refer to Section 4 to properly set the jumpers according to the required application.
Figure 2. Motor control system architecture The STEVAL-IHM025V1 includes the power supply and the power block.
3.2 The board schematic
Figure 3. STEVAL-IHM025V1 schematic - part 1
Figure 4. STEVAL-IHM025V1 schematic - part 2
Figure 5. STEVAL-IHM025V1 schematic - part 3
Figure 6. STEVAL-IHM025V1 schematic - part 4
Figure 7. STEVAL-IHM025V1 schematic - part 5
3.3 Circuit description
3.3.1 Power supply
refer to STMicroelectronics’ VIPer16LD datasheet for further information. describes the power supply section with a simplified block diagram. Figure 8. Power supply block diagram
3.3.2 Inrush limitation
diode D6 is turned off when the inrush resistor is disabled. final target applications. The heatsink itself is connected to the earth pin in the J1 connector. when a DC voltage is used to supply the demonstration board.
3.3.3 Power block based on IGBT module
are available like: integrated op-amp for signal conditioning, integrated comparators for overcurrent or short-circuit protection, and the “SMART SHUTDOWN” function. Please refer to the STGIPL14K60 datasheets for more information.
3.3.4 Brake function
A hardware brake feature is implemented on the STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board. This feature connects the external dummy load applied to the J6 connector to the bus, to eliminate overvoltage generated while the motor acts as a generator. Voltage on the bus is sensed through a voltage divider net, with R32, R33 and R42 resistors, and it is compared to the voltage reference built around the precise voltage reference U3. The brake dummy load is switched on when voltage on the bus reaches 445 VDC and is switched off when the voltage falls below 420 VDC. The brake function can be activated by the microcontroller thanks to the motor-control connector (please set the W3 jumper in position “A”). The brake threshold levels can be modified by calculating R32, R33, R42 and R45 new values.
3.3.5 Overcurrent protection
Hardware overcurrent protection (OCP) is implemented on the board. STGIPL14K60 integrates three internal comparators. Thanks to the internal connection between the comparator output and shutdown block (see Figure 9), the intervention time of overcurrent protection is extremely low, ranging slightly above 200 ns (Smart Shutdown). The overcurrent protection acts as soon as the voltage on the CIN pin rises above the internal voltage reference (typical value is 0.53 V). Considering the default value of the shunt resistor, it follows that the maximum allowed current is equal to: Equation 1 Note: R3 is not connected on the STEVAL-IHM025V1. With the default values this gives:
- ISHUNT_MAX = 7 A ISHUNT MAX VREF RSHUNT ⎛⎞×=
Figure 9. Overcurrent protection phases, preventing the motor current from flowing through the bulk capacitors. during the short-circuit transient, a high current can flow through the switches for a few ms.
3.3.6 Current sensing amplifying network
microcontroller A-D converter used to read the current value.
Total gain of the circuit including resistors' divider is equal to: Equation 4 With the default values this gives:
- VBIAS = 1.7 V
- G = 4.3
- GTOT = 1.7
- Maximum current amplifiable without distortion is 6.5 A. VOUT VSIGN VBIAS+= VBIAS 3.3 ⎛⎞ R3× VSIGN IR SHUNT× ⎛⎞ R1× GTOT VSIGN VIN RSHUNT I×
Figure 10. Three-shunt configuration for the op-amp than the one set in three-shunt reading mode.
It is possible to calculate the voltage on the op-amp output OP OUT - V OUT as the sum of a bias VBIAS and a signal VSIGN component equal to: Equation 6 Total gain of the circuit with the resistors' divider is equal to: Equation 7 With the default values this gives:
- VBIAS = 0.12 V
- G = 4.98
- GTOT = 2.53
- Maximum current amplifiable without distortion is 6.5 A. VOUT VSIGN VBIAS+= VBIAS 3.3 R1 ⎛⎞ R4× VSIGN IR× SHUNT × R2 × R3 R4+() R3 R4×+[] GTOT VSIGN VIN
Figure 11. Six-step current sensing configuration
3.3.7 The tachometer and hall/encoder inputs
spectrum of various sensors. Table 1. Current reading configuration - gain settings
3.3.8 Temperature feedback and overtemperature protection (OTP)
Hardware overtemperature protection is also implemented on the STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board. This feature fully protects the IPM module against damage when the temperature on the junction on the IPM overruns a defined value. The temperature is sensed through an NTC resistor which is integrated into the IPM. The measured signal is fed through the J4 motor connector to the MCU control unit and can be read with an A-D converter. The signal is also fed to the U6 comparator where it is compared with a 2.5 V reference voltage which is built around U7 precision reference TS3431. The output signal of the U6 comparator is fed into the SD pin of the IPM to stop the commutation of the connected motor. With the value of the integrated NTC resistor inside the IPM and R100 resistor equal to 2.2 kΩ, the shutdown temperature is roughly 85 °C.
4 Hardware setting of the STEVAL-IHM025V1
suitable for field oriented control as well as for tachometer or hall sensor closed-loop control.
4.1 Hardware settings for six-step (block commutation) current
- The motor control demonstration board is driven by a control board that provides the six output signals required to drive the 3-phase power stage
- The motor is connected to the J2 motor output connector
- If using an encoder or hall sensor connection, it is connected to connector J5
- If using a tachometer connection, it is connected to connector J7
- If using a dissipative hardware brake connection to a related dummy load, it is connected to connector J6. Tabl e 2 below shows the jumper settings for any motors. Please confirm that the demonstration board input voltage (mains voltage) is in the range of 125 VDC to 400 VDC or 90 VAC to 285 VAC.
Table 2. Jumper settings for PMSM or generic AC motor - six-step
4.2 Hardware settings with three-shunt configuration
- The motor control demonstration board is driven by a control board that provides the six output signals required to drive the 3-phase power stage
- The motor is connected to the J2 motor output connector
- If using an encoder or hall sensor connection, it is connected to connector J5
- If using a tachometer connection, it is connected to connector J7
- If using a dissipative hardware brake connection to a related dummy load, it is connected to the J6 connector. Tabl e 3 below shows the jumper settings for any motors. Please confirm that the demonstration board input voltage (mains voltage) is in the range of 125 VDC to 400 VDC or 90 VAC to 285 VAC.
Table 3. Jumper settings for PMSM or generic AC motor - three shunt
5 Description of jumpers, test pins and connectors
Table 4. Jumper description
Table 5. Connector pinout description
Table 5. Connector pinout description (continued)
Table 6. Testing pins description
6 Connector placement
A basic description of the placement of all connectors on the board is visible in Figure 9. Figure 12. STEVAL-IHM025V1 connector placement
7 Bill of materials
of the active components used are available from STMicroelectronics. Table 7. Bill of materials
Table 7. Bill of materials (continued)
8 PCB layout
was selected. The PCB material is FR-4. Figure 13. Copper tracks - top side
Figure 14. Copper tracks - bottom side
Figure 15. Silk screen - top side
Figure 16. Silk screen - bottom side
9 Ordering information
The demonstration board is available through the standard ordering system, the order code is: STEVAL-IHM025V1. The items delivered include the assembled application board, board documentation, PCB fabrication data such as gerber files, assembly files (pick and place) and component documentation.
10 Using the STEVAL-IHM025V1 with STM32 FOC
STM32 FOC firmware library v2.0 is a firmware library running on the STM3210B-MCKIT which allows the performing of the FOC of a PMSM in configuration with and without sensors. This section describes the modifications to be applied to the STM32 FOC firmware library v2.0 in order to make the firmware compatible with the STEVAL-IHM025V1.
10.1 Environmental considerations
Warning: The STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board must only be used in a power laboratory. The voltage used in the drive system presents a shock hazard. The kit is not electrically isolated from the DC input. This topology is very common in motor drives. The microprocessor is grounded by the integrated ground of the DC bus. The microprocessor and associated circuitry are hot and MUST be isolated from user controls and communication interfaces. Warning: All measuring equipment must be isolated from the main power supply before powering up the motor drive. To use an oscilloscope with the kit, it is safer to isolate the DC supply AND the oscilloscope. This pr events shock occurring as a result of touching any SINGLE point in the circuit, but does NOT prevent shock when touching two or more points in the circuit.
UM0900 Using the STEVAL-IHM025V1 with STM32 FOC firmware library Doc ID 17028 Rev 1 39/43 An isolated AC power supply can be constructed using an isolation transformer and a variable transformer. A schematic of this AC power supply can be found in the “AN438, TRIAC + Microcontroller: safety precautions for development tools,” application note. (Although this Application Note was written for TRIAC, the isolation constraints still apply for switching semiconductor devices such as IGBT or MOSFET). Note: Isolating the application rather than the oscilloscope is highly recommended in any case.
10.2 Hardware requirements
To run the STEVAL-IHM025V1 together with the STM32 FOC firmware library, the following items are required:
- The board: STEVAL-IHM025V1
- High voltage insulated AC power supply up to 230 VAC
- J-link programmer (not included in the package)
- J-link insulating board (not included in the package)
- 3-phase brushless motor with permanent magnet rotor or a generic 3-phase induction motor (not included in the package)
- Insulated oscilloscope (as needed)
- Insulated multimeter (as needed).
10.3 Software requirements
To customize, compile, and download the STM32 FOC firmware library v2.0 motor control firmware, the IAR tool “EWARM v5.30” must be installed. The free 32 kB limited version (referenced as “IAR KickStart Kit™” version) is available for download at: http://supp.iar.com/Download/SW/?item=EWARM-KS32
10.4 Software modifications
Apart from the parameters header file which can be edited by using the 'FOCGUI application' downloadable from: http://www.st.com/mcu/modules.php?name=mcu&file=familiesdocs&fam=110&doc=59 the STM32 FOC firmware library v2.0 was designed in order to be compatible with the L6386 drivers. In order to make the firmware compatible with IPM STGIPL14K60, the polarity of the PWM driving the low-side transistors must be changed.
Using the STEVAL-IHM025V1 with STM32 FOC firmware library UM0900 40/43 Doc ID 17028 Rev 1 To achieve this task, perform the following steps: 1. In 'stm32f10x_svpwm_3shunt.c' substitute line 177 with: TIM1_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPolarity_Low; 2. In 'stm32f10x_svpwm_1shunt.c' substitute line 311 with: TIM1_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPolarity_Low; 3. In 'stm32f10x_svpwm_3shunt.c' substitute line 88 with: #define LOW_SIDE_POLARITY TIM_OCIdleState_Set 4. In 'stm32f10x_svpwm_1shunt.c' substitute line 66 with: #define LOW_SIDE_POLARITY TIM_OCIdleState_Set 5. In 'MC_MotorControl_Layer.c', substitute line 49 with: #define NTC_THRESHOLD 25000 Note: This sets the overtemperature protection to about 85 °C.
11 Conclusion
This document describes the 1 kW 3-phase motor control STEVAL-IHM025V1 demonstration board based on IPM as a universal fully-evaluated platform.
12 References
- STMicroelectronics STGIPL14K60 device datasheet - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/15589/stgipl14k60.pdf 2. STMicroelectronics VIPer16 device datasheet - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/15232.pdf 3. STMicroelectronics STGP10NC60KD device datasheet - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/11423/stgp10nc60kd.pdf 4. STMicroelectronics user manual UM0379: “STM3210B-MCKIT and STR750-MCKIT 3- phase motor control power stage” - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/um/13031.pdf 5. STMicroelectronics user manual UM0580: “100W 3-phase inverter featuring L6390 and STD5NK52ZD for vector control STEVAL-IHM023V1” - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/um/14958.pdf 6. STMicroelectronics user manual UM0723: “1kW 3-phase motor control demonstration board featuring L6390 drivers and STGP10NC60KD IGBT” - see www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/um/15870.pdf
Table 8. Document revision history 25-May-2010 1 Initial release.