TRM-915-DTS

TRM-868-EUR LINX | Alldatasheet

Document overview

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• PDF pages: 25

Technical content

1 Description

2 Ordering Information

2 Absolute Maximum Ratings

3 Electrical Specifications

5 Pin Assignments

5 Pin Descriptions

6 Theory of Operation

7 Module Description

8 Digital Transmission System (DTS)

9 Protocol

11 Reset to Factory Default

11 Hardware Reset

11 Voltage Supply Rise Time

11 The CMD Line

12 The UART Interface

12 Configuration Command Formatting

14 Configuration Registers

16 Writing to Registers

16 Reading from Registers

18 Configuration Registers

29 Typical Applications

30 Power Supply Requirements

30 Antenna Considerations

31 Helpful Application Notes from Linx

32 Interference Considerations

33 Pad Layout

33 Board Layout Guidelines

35 Microstrip Details

36 Production Guidelines

Warning: Some customers may want Linx radio frequency (“RF”) products to control machinery or devices remotely, including machinery or devices that can cause death, bodily injuries, and/or property damage if improperly or inadvertently triggered, particularly in industrial settings or other applications implicating life-safety concerns (“Life and Property Safety Situations”). NO OEM LINX REMOTE CONTROL OR FUNCTION MODULE SHOULD EVER BE USED IN LIFE AND PROPERTY SAFETY SITUATIONS. No OEM Linx Remote Control or Function Module should be modified for Life and Property Safety Situations. Such modification cannot provide sufficient safety and will void the product’s regulatory certification and warranty. Customers may use our (non-Function) Modules, Antenna and Connectors as part of other systems in Life Safety Situations, but only with necessary and industry appropriate redundancies and in compliance with applicable safety standards, including without limitation, ANSI and NFPA standards. It is solely the responsibility of any Linx customer who uses one or more of these products to incorporate appropriate redundancies and safety standards for the Life and Property Safety Situation application. Do not use this or any Linx product to trigger an action directly from the data line or RSSI lines without a protocol or encoder/ decoder to validate the data. Without validation, any signal from another unrelated transmitter in the environment received by the module could inadvertently trigger the action. All RF products are susceptible to RF interference that can prevent communication. RF products without frequency agility or hopping implemented are more subject to interference. This module does not have a frequency hopping protocol built in. Do not use any Linx product over the limits in this data guide. Excessive voltage or extended operation at the maximum voltage could cause product failure. Exceeding the reflow temperature profile could cause product failure which is not immediately evident. Do not make any physical or electrical modifications to any Linx product. This will void the warranty and regulatory and UL certifications and may cause product failure which is not immediately evident.

– –1

Description

The TRM-868-EUR combines a state-of-the art low power wireless transceiver with a powerful multipoint-to-multipoint protocol controller to form a complete wireless communication solution capable of replacing wires in almost any RS-232/422/485 application. With a 115dB link budget and very low power operation modes, the DTS Series is excellent for AMR, RFID, Home Automation, and any other application requiring long range (1 mile / 1.6km line of sight) and long battery life.

Features

• True UART to antenna solution
• 16-bit CRC error checking
• 76.8kbps max RF data rate
• 2 channels in DTS mode
• 6 channels in LP mode
• Small size – 0.8" x 0.935" (20.32 x 23.75mm)
• Low power Standby and Sleep modes
• Includes PHY and MAC protocol
• CSMA medium access control
• 115dB link budget in DTS mode
• 4 modes allow user to optimize power/range
• Command mode for volatile and non-volatile configuration
• 48-bit unique address
• 5 volt tolerant I/O
• 915MHz U.S. version available

Applications

• Direct RS-232/422/485 Wire replacement (requires external RS-232 to 3V CMOS conversion circuitry)
• Asset tracking
• Automated meter reading
• Industrial and/or home automation
• RFID
• Wireless sensors
• Remote data logging
• Fleet management TRM-868-EUR RF Transceiver Module Data Guide Figure 1: Package Dimensions Revised 3/18/2015 0.935 (23.75mm) 0.800” (20.32mm) 0.110” (2.80mm) A large-print version of this document is available at www.linxtechnologies.com.

36 Hand Assembly

36 Automated Assembly

38 General Antenna Rules

40 Common Antenna Styles

42 Regulatory Considerations

– – – –4 5 Figure 4: Electrical Specifications EUR Series Transceiver Specifications Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes DTS Mode 600 kHz LP Mode 200 kHz Transmitter Section Output Power PO 13 15 dBm Harmonic Emissions PH -50 dBc 5 Frequency Deviation DTS Mode ±80 kHz LP Mode ±40 kHz Interface Section Input Logic Low VI L 0 0.3*Vcc VDC Logic High VI H 0.7*Vcc 5.0 VDC Output Logic Low VOL 0 0.4 VDC Logic High VOH 2.5 Vcc VDC Flash Specifications (Non-Volatile Registers) Flash Write Duration 16 21 ms Flash Write Cycles 20k 100k cycles 1. Vcc = 3.3VDC 2. Varies with data rate 3. Continuous operation, varies with UART data rate 4. FLO+1MHz and FLO+1.945MHz 5. Into a 50-ohm load 6. Fc ± 650kHz Pin Assignments GND NC 14 15 GND GND GND GND VCC NC CMD RXD TXD CTS NC NC C2D RESET GND ANT GND Figure 5: EUR Series Transceiver Pin Assignments (Top View) Pin Descriptions Pin Number Name I/O Description 1, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 GND — Ground 2, 3, 8, 9 NC — No Electrical Connection. Do not connect any traces to these lines.

4 CMD I

Command Input. This line sets the serial data as either command data to configure the module or packet data to be sent over the air. Pull low for command data; pull high for packet data.

5 RXD I

UART Receive Data Input. This is the input line for the configuration commands as well as data to be sent over the air.

6 TXD O

UART Transmit Data Output. This is the output line for the configuration command responses as well as the data received over the air.

7 CTS O

UART Clear To Send, active low. This line indicates to the host microcontroller when the module is ready to accept data. When CTS is high, the module is busy. When CTS is low, the module is ready for data.

10 C2D — Reserved

11 RESET — Reserved

13 ANT — 50-ohm RF Antenna Port

19 VCC — Supply Voltage

Figure 6: EUR Series Transceiver Pin Descriptions Pin Descriptions

– – – –6 7 Module Description The EUR Series RF transceiver module has a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) serial interface and is designed to create a complete UART-to-antenna wireless solution capable of direct wire replacement in most embedded RS-232/422/485 applications. The module is designed to interface directly to a host UART. Three lines are used to transfer data between the module and the host UART: TXD, RXD and CTS. TXD is the data output from the module. RXD is the data input to the module. The CTS output indicates if the module is ready to accept data. The UART interface is capable of operating in full duplex at baud rates from 2.4 to 115.2kbps. The module has a built-in protocol that automatically transmits the data input on the UART. All encoding, transmitting, receiving and decoding functions are handled by the internal processor, so no overhead is required by an external processor. The module can be put into a Sleep mode through serial commands. In Sleep mode, the RF section is completely shut down and the protocol processor is in an idle state. Once the module has been placed in the sleep mode, it can be awakened by sending a power-up sequence through the serial port. If the current draw in sleep mode is too high for a particular application, the designer can switch power to the module through a FET to turn off the module when it is not needed. If this technique is used, the volatile registers reset to the values in their non-volatile mirrors, so any changes from the default will have to be reloaded. Every module has a 48-bit MAC address that can be used by the host application to uniquely identify each module. This MAC address can be read through the command interface. Theory of Operation The EUR Series transceiver is a low-cost, high-performance synthesized FSK transceiver. Its wideband operation gives it outstanding range while still meeting regulatory requirements. Figure 7 shows a block diagram for the module. The EUR Series transceiver is designed for operation in the 868 to 870MHz frequency band. The RF synthesizer contains a VCO and a low-noise fractional-N PLL. The receive and transmit synthesizers are integrated, enabling them to be automatically configured to achieve optimum phase noise, modulation quality and settling time. The transmitter output power is programmable from −2dBm to +15dBm. The frequency deviation is optimized to deliver the highest performance over a wide range of data rates. The receiver incorporates highly efficient low-noise amplifiers that provide up to –102dBm sensitivity. An onboard controller performs the radio control and management functions. A processor performs the higher level protocol functions and controls the serial and hardware interfaces. LNA FAMP PHASE SHIFTERLO_BUF MMOD DIVIDER VCOPA CH PUMP PFD FAMP VCO TANK LOOP FILTER MATCHING NETWORK MATCHING NETWORK LPF LPF BBAMP LIM LIM OSCILLATOR DEMOD PATTERN MATCHING BBAMP ∑∆ modulato r Synthesizer FEI BITSYNC 39MHz XTAL

11 Bits

Figure 7: EUR Series Transceiver Block Diagram Note: Although the module is capable of supporting the serial data communications required by RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 networks, it is not compatible with the electrical interfaces for these types of networks. The module has CMOS inputs and outputs and requires an appropriate converter for the particular type of network being used.

– – – –8 9 Digital Transmission System (DTS) The EUR Series transceiver utilizes a DTS digital spread spectrum technique. This technique increases the transmission bandwidth to over 500KHz and the outgoing RF data is encoded with symbols selected to ensure its average duty cycle is 50%. In DTS mode, the module’s channel bandwidth is set to 600kHz and the transmit power is set to one of four selectable levels. In this mode, the module can operate on 2 channels and support a maximum RF data rate of 76.8kbps. The receiver sensitivity at the max data rate is –102dBm typical, yielding a link budget of 115dB. This mode is an excellent alternative to Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). It has no synchronization requirements, allowing it to operate in a duty-cycle mode for extended battery life. In low-power (LP) mode, the module’s channel bandwidth is set to 200kHz and the transmit power is set to one of four selectable levels. In this mode, the module can operate on 6 channels and support a maximum data rate of 9.6kbps. The receiver sensitivity at the maximum data rate is –104dBm typical, yielding a link budget of 117dB. This mode reduces transmit current consumption, allowing use with batteries that cannot supply the pulse currents required for DTS mode. DTS Systems have several advantages over FHSS and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) systems. A DTS system operates on one RF channel at a time, so there is no interruption of the data transfer. FHSS systems have to stop sending data when they hop to a new channel. FHSS systems also have to synchronize the transmitter and receiver to make sure that they hop to the same channel at the same time. This synchronization can take 25ms or more while a DTS system can wake up in less than 10ms. Further, FCC regulations require that FHSS systems use each channel equally, so they frequently send null data just to use a channel. This increases current consumption, which is a disadvantage in battery operated devices. DSSS systems also operate on one channel at a time, but their hardware implementations are much more expensive that a DTS system. Their channels are much wider which means that a DSSS receiver’s sensitivity is much lower than a DTS system. Both FHSS and DSSS systems can operate at higher power levels than DTS systems, depending on the energy density of the DTS system. However, a DTS system is a good compromise between FHSS and DSSS. Protocol The built-in protocol has a number of features that make it a robust system. When the module has a packet to send, it uses a Carrier-Sense-Multiple- Access (CSMA) protocol to determine if another module is already transmitting. If so, the module receives that data before attempting to transmit its data again. If the UART receive buffer gets full, the CTS line goes high to prevent the host UART from over-running the receive buffer. The CSMA mechanism introduces a variable delay to the transmission channel. This delay is the sum of a random period and a weighted period that is dependent on the number of times that the module has tried and failed to access the channel. For applications that guarantee that only one module is transmitting at any given time, the CSMA mechanism can be turned off to avoid this delay. The module prefixes the data with a packet header and postfixes the data with a 16-bit CRC. The 16-bit CRC error checking can be disabled to allow the host application to do its own error checking. Data is encoded using a proprietary algorithm to spread the RF energy within the transmission bandwidth and meet regulatory requirements. Each module can be assigned a 7-bit group ID, which is used to logically link it to other modules on the same channel. Any data received from a module with a different group ID is discarded. Modules can also operate in two network modes: Master/Slave and Peer-to-Peer. These modes define a set of communication rules that identifies which modules can talk to any given module. In Master/Slave mode, masters can talk to slaves and other masters, slaves can talk to masters, but slaves cannot talk to other slaves. This mode is sometimes required for applications that are replacing legacy RS-485 networks. In peer-to-peer mode, any module can talk to any other module. In both modes, group integrity is enforced. When a module transmits a packet, all other modules on the same channel receive the packet, check the packet for errors, determine whether the received group ID matches the local group ID, and compare the sender’s master/slave flag to its internal setting. If the packet is error free, the group

– – – –12 13 The UART Interface The module uses a standard UART interface for both data to be sent over the air and for configuring the module. The CMD line is used to tell the module if the data on the UART is for configuration or transmission. The lines follow the standard UART naming convention, so RXD is the data input into the module and TXD is the data output from the module. The module has a 192 byte buffer for incoming data. The module can be programmed to automatically transmit when the buffer reaches a limit or based on the time between bytes on the UART. This allows the designer to optimize the module for fixed length and variable length data. The module supports streaming data as well. To optimize the module for streaming data, regUARTMTU should be set to 144, and regTXTO should be set to a value greater than 1 byte time at the current UART data rate. If the buffer gets full or the timer set by regTXTO expires while the module is still in the process of sending the previous packet over the RF link, the module sets the CTS line high, indicating that the host should not send any more data. Data sent by the host while CTS is high is lost. Configuration Command Formatting The EUR Series module contains several volatile and non-volatile registers that control its configuration and operation. The volatile registers all have non-volatile mirror registers that are used to determine the default configuration when power is applied to the module. During normal operation, the volatile registers are used to control the module. Placing the module in the command mode allows these registers to be programmed. Byte values in excess of 127 (0x80 or greater) must be changed into a two-byte escape sequence of the format: 0xFE, [value - 128] For example, the value 0x83 becomes 0xFE, 0x03. The function in Figure 11 prepends a 0xFF header and size specifier to a command sequence and creates escape sequences as needed. It is assumed that *src is populated with either the register number to read (one byte, pass 1 into src_len) or the register number and value to write (two bytes, pass 2 into src_len). It is also assumed that the *dest buffer has enough space for the two header characters plus the encoded command and the null terminator. int EscapeString(char *src, char src_len, char *dest) // The following function copies and encodes the first // src_len characters from *src into *dest. This // encoding is necessary for module command formats. // The resulting string is null terminated. The size // of this string is the function return value. char src_idx, dest_idx; // Save space for the command header and size bytes dest_idx = 2; // Loop through source string and copy/encode for (src_idx = 0; src_idx < src_len; src_idx++) if (src[src_idx] > 127) dest[dest_idx++] = 0xFE; }/*if*/ dest[dest_idx++] = (src[src_idx] & 0x7F); }/*for*/ // Add null terminator dest[dest_idx] = 0; // Add command header dest[0] = 0xFF; dest[1] = dest_idx – 2; // Return escape string size return dest_idx; Figure 11: Command Conversion Code

– – – –32 33 Pad Layout The pad layout diagram in Figure 40 is designed to facilitate both hand and automated assembly. Board Layout Guidelines The module’s design makes integration straightforward; however, it is still critical to exercise care in PCB layout. Failure to observe good layout techniques can result in a significant degradation of the module’s performance. A primary layout goal is to maintain a characteristic 50-ohm impedance throughout the path from the antenna to the module. Grounding, filtering, decoupling, routing and PCB stack-up are also important considerations for any RF design. The following section provides some basic design guidelines. During prototyping, the module should be soldered to a properly laid-out circuit board. The use of prototyping or “perf” boards results in poor performance and is strongly discouraged. Likewise, the use of sockets can have a negative impact on the performance of the module and is discouraged. The module should, as much as reasonably possible, be isolated from other components on your PCB, especially high-frequency circuitry such as crystal oscillators, switching power supplies, and high-speed bus lines. When possible, separate RF and digital circuits into different PCB regions. 0.070 (1.78mm) 0.060 (1.52mm) 0.730 (18.54mm) 0.245 (6.22mm) 0.170 (4.32mm) 0.295 (7.49mm) 0.080 (2.03mm)0.035 (0.89mm) 0.070 (1.78mm) 0.095 (2.41mm) Figure 40: Recommended PCB Layout Interference Considerations The RF spectrum is crowded and the potential for conflict with unwanted sources of RF is very real. While all RF products are at risk from interference, its effects can be minimized by better understanding its characteristics. Interference may come from internal or external sources. The first step is to eliminate interference from noise sources on the board. This means paying careful attention to layout, grounding, filtering and bypassing in order to eliminate all radiated and conducted interference paths. For many products, this is straightforward; however, products containing components such as switching power supplies, motors, crystals and other potential sources of noise must be approached with care. Comparing your own design with a Linx evaluation board can help to determine if and at what level design-specific interference is present. External interference can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Low-level interference produces noise and hashing on the output and reduces the link’s overall range. High-level interference is caused by nearby products sharing the same frequency or from near-band high-power devices. It can even come from your own products if more than one transmitter is active in the same area. It is important to remember that only one transmitter at a time can occupy a frequency, regardless of the coding of the transmitted signal. This type of interference is less common than those mentioned previously, but in severe cases it can prevent all useful function of the affected device. Although technically not interference, multipath is also a factor to be understood. Multipath is a term used to refer to the signal cancellation effects that occur when RF waves arrive at the receiver in different phase relationships. This effect is a particularly significant factor in interior environments where objects provide many different signal reflection paths. Multipath cancellation results in lowered signal levels at the receiver and shorter useful distances for the link.

– – – –36 37 Production Guidelines The module is housed in a hybrid SMD package that supports hand and automated assembly techniques. Since the modules contain discrete components internally, the assembly procedures are critical to ensuring the reliable function of the modules. The following procedures should be reviewed with and practiced by all assembly personnel. Hand Assembly Pads located on the bottom of the module are the primary mounting surface (Figure 43). Since these pads are inaccessible during mounting, castellations that run up the side of the module have been provided to facilitate solder wicking to the module’s underside. This allows for very quick hand soldering for prototyping and small volume production. If the recommended pad guidelines have been followed, the pads will protrude slightly past the edge of the module. Use a fine soldering tip to heat the board pad and the castellation, then introduce solder to the pad at the module’s edge. The solder will wick underneath the module, providing reliable attachment. Tack one module corner first and then work around the device, taking care not to exceed the times in Figure 44. Automated Assembly For high-volume assembly, the modules are generally auto-placed. The modules have been designed to maintain compatibility with reflow processing techniques; however, due to their hybrid nature, certain aspects of the assembly process are far more critical than for other component types. Following are brief discussions of the three primary areas where caution must be observed. CastellationsPCB Pads Soldering Iron Tip Solder Figure 43: Soldering Technique Reflow Temperature Profile The single most critical stage in the automated assembly process is the reflow stage. The reflow profile in Figure 45 should not be exceeded because excessive temperatures or transport times during reflow will irreparably damage the modules. Assembly personnel need to pay careful attention to the oven’s profile to ensure that it meets the requirements necessary to successfully reflow all components while still remaining within the limits mandated by the modules. The figure below shows the recommended reflow oven profile for the modules. Shock During Reflow Transport Since some internal module components may reflow along with the components placed on the board being assembled, it is imperative that the modules not be subjected to shock or vibration during the time solder is liquid. Should a shock be applied, some internal components could be lifted from their pads, causing the module to not function properly. Washability The modules are wash-resistant, but are not hermetically sealed. Linx recommends wash-free manufacturing; however, the modules can be subjected to a wash cycle provided that a drying time is allowed prior to applying electrical power to the modules. The drying time should be sufficient to allow any moisture that may have migrated into the module to evaporate, thus eliminating the potential for shorting damage during power-up or testing. If the wash contains contaminants, the performance may be adversely affected, even after drying. 125°C 185°C 217°C 255°C 235°C 60 12030 1501 80 2102 40 2703 00 3303 6009 0 100 150 200 250

300 Recommended RoHS Profile

Recommended Non-RoHS Profile 180°C Temperature (oC) Time (Seconds) Figure 45: Maximum Reflow Temperature Profile Warning: Pay attention to the absolute maximum solder times. Figure 44: Absolute Maximum Solder Times Absolute Maximum Solder Times Hand Solder Temperature: +427ºC for 10 seconds for lead-free alloys Reflow Oven: +255ºC max (see Figure 45)

– – – –42 43 Regulatory Considerations When working with RF, a clear distinction must be made between what is technically possible and what is legally acceptable in the country where operation is intended. Many manufacturers have avoided incorporating RF into their products as a result of uncertainty and even fear of the approval and certification process. Here at Linx, our desire is not only to expedite the design process, but also to assist you in achieving a clear idea of what is involved in obtaining the necessary approvals to legally market a completed product. For information about regulatory approval, read AN-00142 on the Linx website or call Linx. Linx designs products with worldwide regulatory approval in mind. In the United States, the approval process is actually quite straightforward. The regulations governing RF devices and the enforcement of them are the responsibility of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The regulations are contained in Title 47 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 47 is made up of numerous volumes; however, all regulations applicable to this module are contained in Volume 0-19. It is strongly recommended that a copy be obtained from the FCC’s website, the Government Printing Office in Washington or from your local government bookstore. Excerpts of applicable sections are included with Linx evaluation kits or may be obtained from the Linx Technologies website, www.linxtechnologies.com. In brief, these rules require that any device that intentionally radiates RF energy be approved, that is, tested for compliance and issued a unique identification number. This is a relatively painless process. Final compliance testing is performed by one of the many independent testing laboratories across the country. Many labs can also provide other certifications that the product may require at the same time, such as UL, CLASS A / B, etc. Once the completed product has passed, an ID number is issued that is to be clearly placed on each product manufactured. Questions regarding interpretations of the Part 2 and Part 15 rules or the measurement procedures used to test intentional radiators such as Linx RF modules for compliance with the technical standards of Part 15 should be addressed to: Federal Communications Commission Equipment Authorization Division Customer Service Branch, MS 1300F2

7435 Oakland Mills Road

Columbia, MD, US 21046 Phone: + 1 301 725 585 | Fax: + 1 301 344 2050 Email: labinfo@fcc.gov ETSI Secretaria 650, Route des Lucioles

06921 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex

Phone: +33 (0)4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 (0)4 93 65 47 16 International approvals are slightly more complex, although Linx modules are designed to allow all international standards to be met. If the end product is to be exported to other countries, contact Linx to determine the specific suitability of the module to the application. All Linx modules are designed with the approval process in mind and thus much of the frustration that is typically experienced with a discrete design is eliminated. Approval is still dependent on many factors, such as the choice of antennas, correct use of the frequency selected and physical packaging. While some extra cost and design effort are required to address these issues, the additional usefulness and profitability added to a product by RF makes the effort more than worthwhile. Note: Linx RF modules are designed as component devices that require external components to function. The purchaser understands that additional approvals may be required prior to the sale or operation of the device, and agrees to utilize the component in keeping with all laws governing its use in the country of operation.

Linx Technologies is continually striving to improve the quality and function of its products. For this reason, we reserve the right to make changes to our products without notice. The information contained in this Data Guide is believed to be accurate as of the time of publication. Specifications are based on representative lot samples. Values may vary from lot-to-lot and are not guaranteed. “Typical” parameters can and do vary over lots and application. Linx Technologies makes no guarantee, warranty, or representation regarding the suitability of any product for use in any specific application. It is the customer’s responsibility to verify the suitability of the part for the intended application. NO LINX PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR USE IN ANY APPLICATION WHERE THE SAFETY OF LIFE OR PROPERTY IS AT RISK. Linx Technologies DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL LINX TECHNOLOGIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY OF CUSTOMER’S INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY FROM ANY DEFECTIVE OR NON-CONFORMING PRODUCTS OR FOR ANY OTHER BREACH OF CONTRACT BY LINX TECHNOLOGIES. The limitations on Linx Technologies’ liability are applicable to any and all claims or theories of recovery asserted by Customer, including, without limitation, breach of contract, breach of warranty, strict liability, or negligence. Customer assumes all liability (including, without limitation, liability for injury to person or property, economic loss, or business interruption) for all claims, including claims from third parties, arising from the use of the Products. The Customer will indemnify, defend, protect, and hold harmless Linx Technologies and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, distributors, and representatives from and against all claims, damages, actions, suits, proceedings, demands, assessments, adjustments, costs, and expenses incurred by Linx Technologies as a result of or arising from any Products sold by Linx Technologies to Customer. Under no conditions will Linx Technologies be responsible for losses arising from the use or failure of the device in any application, other than the repair, replacement, or refund limited to the original product purchase price. Devices described in this publication may contain proprietary, patented, or copyrighted techniques, components, or materials. Under no circumstances shall any user be conveyed any license or right to the use or ownership of such items. ©2015 Linx Technologies. All rights reserved. The stylized Linx logo, Wireless Made Simple, WiSE, CipherLinx and the stylized CL logo are trademarks of Linx Technologies. Linx Technologies

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