TPA2001D2 TI | Alldatasheet
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1-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS292A – MARCH 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2000 1POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Modulation Scheme Optimized to Operate Without a Filter 1 W Into 8-W Speakers (THD+N< 0.4%) < 0.08% THD+N at 0.5 W, 1 kHz, Into 8-W Load Extremely Efficient 3rd Generation 5-V Class-D Technology: – Low Supply Current (No Filter) ...8 m A – Low Supply Current (Filter) ...1 5 m A – Low Shutdown Current...1 mA – Low Noise Floor ...5 6 mV RMS – Maximum Efficiency Into 8 W, 75 – 85% – 4 Internal Gain Settings...8 – 23.5 dB – PSRR . . . –77 dB Integrated Depop Circuitry Short-Circuit Protection (Short to Battery, Ground, and Load) –40°C to 85°C Operating Temperature Range
description
The TPA2001D2 is the third generation 5-V class-D amplifier from Texas Instruments. Improvements to previous generation devices include: lower supply current, lower noise floor, better efficiency, four different gain settings, smaller packaging, and fewer external components. The most significant advancement with this device is its modulation scheme that allows the amplifier to operate without the output filter. Eliminating the output filter saves the user approximately 30% in system cost and 75% in PCB area. The TPA2001D2 is a monolithic class-D power IC stereo audio amplifier, using the high switching speed of power MOSFET transistors. These transistors reproduce the analog signal through high-frequency switching of the output stage. The TPA2001D2 is configured as a bridge-tied load (BTL) amplifier capable of delivering greater than 1 W of continuous average power into an 8-W load at less than 0.6% THD+N from a 5-V power supply in the high fidelity range (20 Hz to 20 kHz). With 1 W being delivered to an 8-W load at 1 kHz, the typical THD+N is less than 0.08%. A BTL configuration eliminates the need for external coupling capacitors on the output. Low supply current of 8 mA makes the device ideal for battery-powered applications. Protection circuitry increases device reliability: thermal, over-current, and under-voltage shutdown. Efficient class-D modulation enables the TPA2001D2 to operate at full power into 8-W loads at an ambient temperature of 85°C. AVAILABLE OPTIONS T PACKAGED DEVICE TA TSSOP (PWP) –40°C to 85°C TPA2001D2PWP NOTE: The PWP package is available taped and reeled. To order a taped and reeled part, add the suffix R to the part number (e.g., TPA2001D2PWPR). Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments IncorporatedPRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PGND LOUTN GAIN0 PV DD LINN AGND COSC RINN PV DD SHUTDOWN ROUTN PGND PGND LOUTP BYPASS PV DD LINP V DD ROSC RINP PV DD GAIN1 ROUTP PGND PWP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)
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Drive_ Gate Drive Gain Adjust Gain Adjust Start-up Protection Logic OC Detect OC Detect Thermal VDD ok Ramp Generator Biases and References Gate Drive_ Gate Drive Gain Adjust Gain Adjust Gain AGNDVDD VDD PV DD RINN ROUTN PGND PV DD ROUTP PGND PV DD LOUTP PGND PV DD LOUTN PGND RINP SHUTDOWN GAIN1 GAIN0 COSC ROSC BYPASS LINP LINN
1-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS292A – MARCH 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2000 3POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Terminal Function TERMINAL I/O DESCRIPTIONNAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION AGND 6 – Analog ground BYPASS 22 I Tap to voltage divider for internal midsupply bias generator used for analog reference. COSC 7 I A capacitor connected to this terminal sets the oscillation frequency in conjunction with ROSC. For proper operation, connect a 220 pF capacitor from COSC to ground. GAIN0 3 I Bit 0 of gain control (TTL logic level) GAIN1 15 I Bit 1 of gain control (TTL logic level) LINN 5 I Left channel negative differential audio input LINP 20 I Left channel positive differential audio input LOUTN 2 O Left channel negative audio output LOUTP 23 O Left channel positive audio output PGND 1, 24 – Power ground for left channel H-bridge PGND 12, 13 – Power ground for right channel H-bridge PV 4, 21 – Power supply for left channel H-bridge PV DD 9, 16 – Power supply for right channel H-bridge RINN 8 I Right channel negative differential audio input RINP 17 I Right channel positive differential audio input ROSC 18 I A resistor connected to this terminal sets the oscillation frequency in conjunction with COSC. For proper operation, connect a 120 kW resistor from ROSC to ground. ROUTN 11 O Right channel negative audio output ROUTP 14 O Right channel positive output SHUTDOWN 10 I Places the amplifier in shutdown mode if a TTL logic low is placed on this terminal; normal operation if a TTL logic high is placed on this terminal. VDD 19 – Analog power supply absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)† † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR ABOVE T A = 25°C TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 125°C POWER RATING PWP 2.7 W 21.8 mW/°C 1.7 W 1.4 W
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Table 1. Gain Settings
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
eliminating the output filter with the TPA2001D2 This section will focus on why the user can eliminate the output filter with the TPA2001D2. effect on audio The class-D amplifier outputs a pulse-width modulated (PWM) square wave, which is the sum of the switching waveform and the amplified input audio signal. The human ear acts as a band-pass filter such that only the frequencies between approximately 20 Hz and 20 kHz are passed. The switching frequency components are much greater than 20 kHz, so the only signal heard is the amplified input audio signal. traditional class-D modulation scheme The traditional class-D modulation scheme, which is used in the TPA005Dxx family, has a differential output where each output is 180 degrees out of phase and changes from ground to the supply voltage, V DD . Therefore, the differential pre-filtered output varies between positive and negative VDD , where filtered 50% duty cycle yields 0 volts across the load. The traditional class-D modulation scheme with voltage and current waveforms is shown in Figure 1. Note that even at an average of 0 volts across the load (50% duty cycle), the current to the load is high causing high loss thus causing a high supply current. O V –5 V +5 V Current OUT+ Differential Voltage Across Load OUT– Figure 1. Traditional Class-D Modulation Scheme’s Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an The TPA2001D2 uses a modulation scheme that still has each output switching from 0 to the supply voltage.
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–5 V +5 V Current OUT+ OUT– Differential Voltage Across Load 0 V –5 V +5 V Current OUT+ OUT– Differential Voltage Across Load Output = 0 V Output > 0 V Figure 2. The TPA2001D2 Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an Inductive Load resistive and reactive, whereas an LC filter is almost purely reactive. most applications the filter is not needed. dissipated, which increases efficiency.
1-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS292A – MARCH 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2000 7POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 effects of applying a square wave into a speaker Audio specialists have said for years not to apply a square wave to speakers. If the amplitude of the waveform is high enough and the frequency of the square wave is within the bandwidth of the speaker, the square wave could cause the voice coil to jump out of the air gap and/or scar the voice coil. A 250-kHz switching frequency, however, is not significant because the speaker cone movement is proportional to 1/f 2 for frequencies beyond the audio band. Therefore, the amount of cone movement at the switching frequency is very small. However, damage could occur to the speaker if the voice coil is not designed to handle the additional power. To size the speaker for added power, the ripple current dissipated in the load needs to be calculated by subtracting the theoretical supplied power, P SUP THEORETICAL , from the actual supply power, PSUP , at maximum output power, POUT . The switching power dissipated in the speaker is the inverse of the measured efficiency, hMEASURED , minus the theoretical efficiency, hTHEORETICAL . (1)PSPKR = PSUP – PSUP THEORETICAL (at max output power) (2)PSPKR = PSUP / POUT – PSUP THEORETICAL / POUT (at max output power) (3)PSPKR = 1/hMEASURED – 1/hTHEORETICAL (at max output power) The maximum efficiency of the TPA2001D2 with an 8-W load is 85%. Using equation 3 with the efficiency at maximum power (78%) there is an additional 106 mW dissipated in the speaker. The added power dissipated in the speaker is not an issue as long as it is taken into account when choosing the speaker. when to use an output filter Design the TPA2001D2 without the filter if the traces from amplifier to speaker are short. The TPA2001D2 passed FCC and CE radiated emissions with no shielding with speaker wires 8 inches long or less. Notebook PCs and powered speakers where the speaker is in the same enclosure as the amplifier are good applications for class-D without a filter. A ferrite bead filter can often be used if the design is failing radiated emissions without a filter, and the frequency sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz. This is good for circuits that just have to pass FCC and CE because FCC and CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz. If choosing a ferrite bead, choose one with high impedance at high frequencies, but very low impedance at low frequencies. Use an output filter if there are low frequency (< 1 MHz) EMI sensitive circuits and/or there are long leads from amplifier to speaker. gain setting via GAIN0 and GAIN1 inputs The gain of the TPA2001D2 is set by two input terminals, GAIN0 and GAIN1. The gains listed in Table 2 are realized by changing the taps on the input resistors inside the amplifier. This causes the input impedance, ZI, to be dependent on the gain setting. The actual gain settings are controlled by ratios of resistors, so the actual gain distribution from part-to-part is quite good. However, the input impedance may shift by 30% due to shifts in the actual resistance of the input resistors. For design purposes, the input network (discussed in the next section) should be designed assuming an input impedance of 20 kW , which is the absolute minimum input impedance of the TPA2001D2. At the higher gain settings, the input impedance could increase as high as 115 kW .
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Table 2. Gain Settings
2 C iR ZI
ground should be decreased. In addition, the order of the filter could be increased. high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in equation 5.
1-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS292A – MARCH 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2000 9POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 The value of Ci is important as it directly affects the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. Consider the example where ZI is 20 kW and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 80 Hz. Equation 5 is reconfigured as equation 6. C i 1 2ZIfc (6) In this example, Ci is 0.1 mF so one would likely choose a value in the range of 0.1 mF to 1 mF. If the gain is known and will be constant, use ZI from Table 1 to calculate Ci. A further consideration for this capacitor is the leakage path from the input source through the input network (Ci) and the feedback network to the load. This leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially in high gain applications. For this reason a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most applications as the dc level there is held at V DD /2, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application. C i must be 10 times smaller than the bypass capacitor to reduce clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering and leaving shutdown. After sizing Ci for a given cut-off frequency, size the bypass capacitor to 10 times that of the input capacitor. (7)C i ≤ CBYP / 10 power supply decoupling, CS The TPA2001D2 is a high-performance CMOS audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the output total harmonic distortion (THD) is as low as possible. Power supply decoupling also prevents oscillations for long lead lengths between the amplifier and the speaker. The optimum decoupling is achieved by using two capacitors of different types that target different types of noise on the power supply leads. For higher frequency transients, spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 0.1 mF placed as close as possible to the device V DD lead works best. For filtering lower-frequency noise signals, a larger aluminum electrolytic capacitor of 10 mF or greater placed near the audio power amplifier is recommended. midrail bypass capacitor, CBYP The midrail bypass capacitor, CBYP , is the most critical capacitor and serves several important functions. During start-up or recovery from shutdown mode, CBYP determines the rate at which the amplifier starts up. The second function is to reduce noise produced by the power supply caused by coupling into the output drive signal. This noise is from the midrail generation circuit internal to the amplifier, which appears as degraded PSRR and THD+N. Bypass capacitor, C BYP , values of 0.47 mF to 1 mF ceramic or tantalum low-ESR capacitors are recommended for the best THD and noise performance. Increasing the bypass capacitor reduces clicking and popping noise from power on/off and entering and leaving shutdown. To have minimal pop, CBYP should be 10 times larger than Ci. (8)C BYP ≥ 10 × Ci
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The differential input stage of the amplifier cancels any noise that appears on both input lines of a channel. To use the TPA2001D2 EVM with a differential source, connect the positive lead of the audio source to the RINP (LINP) input and the negative lead from the audio source to the RINN (LINN) input. To use the TPA2001D2 with a single-ended source, ac ground the RINN and LINN inputs through a capacitor and apply the audio single to the RINP and LINP inputs. In a single-ended input application, the RINN and LINN inputs should be ac grounded at the audio source instead of at the device inputs for best noise performance. shutdown modes The TPA2001D2 employs a shutdown mode of operation designed to reduce supply current, IDD , to the absolute minimum level during periods of nonuse for battery-power conservation. The SHUTDOWN input terminal should be held high during normal operation when the amplifier is in use. Pulling SHUTDOWN low causes the outputs to mute and the amplifier to enter a low-current state, IDD(SD) = 1 mA. SHUTDOWN should never be left unconnected because amplifier operation would be unpredictable. using low-ESR capacitors Low-ESR capacitors are recommended throughout this application section. A real (as opposed to ideal) capacitor can be modeled simply as a resistor in series with an ideal capacitor. The voltage drop across this resistor minimizes the beneficial effects of the capacitor in the circuit. The lower the equivalent value of this resistance the more the real capacitor behaves like an ideal capacitor. evaluation circuit RIN– RIN+ S1SHUTDOWN LIN– TPA2001D2 220 pF GND 120 k 120 k C18 LIN+ GND C17 LOUT– LOUT+ GND 10 uF VDD VDD GND ROUT+ GND ROUT– GND 120k R4 120 k C19 C20 C21 GAIN1 GAIN0 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 1 mF 10 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF 0.1 mF SHUTDOWN PGND LOUTN GAIN0 LPVDD LINN AGND COSC RINN RPVDD ROUTN PGND PGND LOUTP BYPASS LPVDD LINP VDD ROSC RINP RPVDD GAIN1 ROUTP PGNDNOTE: R1, R3, and R4 are used in the EVM but are not required for normal applications.
1-W FILTERLESS STEREO CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER SLOS292A – MARCH 2000 – REVISED APRIL 2000 11POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Table 3. TPA2001D2 Evaluation Bill of Materials
1 TI TPA2001D2PWP
† These components are used in the EVM, but they are not required for normal applications.
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PWP (R-PDSO-G) PowerPAD PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE 4073225/F 10/98 0,50 0,75 0,25 0,15 NOM Thermal Pad (See Note D) Gage Plane 2824 7,70 7,90 6,40 6,60 9,60 9,80 6,60 6,20 0,19 4,50 4,30 0,15 A 0,30 1,20 MAX 1614 5,10 4,90 PINS 4,90 5,10 DIM A MIN A MAX 0,05 Seating Plane 0,65 0,10 M0,10 0°–8°
20 PINS SHOWN
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions. D. The package thermal performance may be enhanced by bonding the thermal pad to an external thermal plane. This pad is electrically and thermally connected to the backside of the die and possibly selected leads. E. Falls within JEDEC MO-153 PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
www.ti.com 23-May-2025 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable part number Status (1) Material type (2) Package | Pins Package qty | Carrier RoHS (3) Lead finish/ Ball material (4) MSL rating/ Peak reflow (5) Op temp (°C) Part marking (6) TPA2001D2PWP Active Production HTSSOP (PWP) | 24 60 | TUBE Yes NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 TPA2001D2 TPA2001D2PWP.A Active Production HTSSOP (PWP) | 24 60 | TUBE Yes NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 TPA2001D2 TPA2001D2PWPR Active Production HTSSOP (PWP) | 24 2000 | LARGE T&R Yes NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 TPA2001D2 TPA2001D2PWPR.A Active Production HTSSOP (PWP) | 24 2000 | LARGE T&R Yes NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 TPA2001D2 (1) Status: For more details on status, see our product life cycle. (2) Material type: When designated, preproduction parts are prototypes/experimental devices, and are not yet approved or released for full production. Testing and final process, including without limitation quality assurance, reliability performance testing, and/or process qualification, may not yet be complete, and this item is subject to further changes or possible discontinuation. If available for ordering, purchases will be subject to an additional waiver at checkout, and are intended for early internal evaluation purposes only. These items are sold without warranties of any kind. (3) RoHS values: Yes, No, RoHS Exempt. See the TI RoHS Statement for additional information and value definition. (4) Lead finish/Ball material: Parts may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead finish/Ball material values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. (5) MSL rating/Peak reflow: The moisture sensitivity level ratings and peak solder (reflow) temperatures. In the event that a part has multiple moisture sensitivity ratings, only the lowest level per JEDEC standards is shown. Refer to the shipping label for the actual reflow temperature that will be used to mount the part to the printed circuit board. (6) Part marking: There may be an additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category of the part. Multiple part markings will be inside parentheses. Only one part marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a part. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire part marking for that device. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-May-2025 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION Reel Width (W1) REEL DIMENSIONS A0B0K0WDimension designed to accommodate the component lengthDimension designed to accommodate the component thicknessOverall width of the carrier tapePitch between successive cavity centersDimension designed to accommodate the component width TAPE DIMENSIONSK0 P1B0WA0Cavity QUADRANT ASSIGNMENTS FOR PIN 1 ORIENTATION IN TAPE Pocket QuadrantsSprocket HolesQ1Q1Q2Q2Q3Q3Q4Q4User Direction of Feed P1ReelDiameter *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Reel Diameter (mm) Reel Width W1 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) W (mm) Pin1 Quadrant Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-May-2025 TAPE AND REEL BOX DIMENSIONS Width (mm) W LH *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TPA2001D2PWPR HTSSOP PWP 24 2000 350.0 350.0 43.0 Pack Materials-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-May-2025 TUBE L - Tube length T - Tube height W - Tube width B - Alignment groove width *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Name Package Type Pins SPQ L (mm) W (mm) T (µm) B (mm) TPA2001D2PWP PWP HTSSOP 24 60 530 10.2 3600 3.5 TPA2001D2PWP.A PWP HTSSOP 24 60 530 10.2 3600 3.5 Pack Materials-Page 3
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