TL441A TI1 | Alldatasheet
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SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989 1POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 /C0068Excellent Dynamic Range /C0068Wide Bandwidth /C0068Built-In Temperature Compensation /C0068Log Linearity (30 dB Sections)...1 d B T y p /C0068Wide Input Voltage Range
description
This monolithic amplifier circuit contains four 30-dB logarithmic stages. Gain in each stage is such that the output of each stage is proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage over the 30-dB input voltage range. Each half of the circuit contains two of these 30-dB stages summed together in one differential output that is proportional to the sum of the logarithms of the input voltages of the two stages. The four stages may be interconnected to obtain a theoretical input voltage range of 120-dB. In practice, this permits the input voltage range to be typically greater than 80-dB with log linearity of ± 0.5-dB (see application data). Bandwidth is from dc to 40 MHz. This circuit is useful in military weapons systems, broadband radar, and infrared reconnaissance systems. It serves for data compression and analog compensation. This logarithmic amplifier is used in log IF circuitry as well as video and log amplifiers. The TL441AM is characterized for operation over the full military temperature range of – 55°C to 125°C. Copyright 1989, Texas Instruments IncorporatedPRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. C A2 VCC – C A2′ Y Y VCC + NC C B2 C B2′ GND Z Z J PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 3 2 1 20 19 91 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 C B2′ GND NC Z C A2′ NC Y Y FK PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)V C NC Z NC C V NC NC — No internal connection CC + CC – –15 dB –15 dB Log Log Log Log S Y (Z) Y (Z) (B1) C A2 (CB2 ) C A2 ′ (CB2 ′) Y ∝ log A1 + log A2; Z ∝ log B1 + log B2 where: A1, A2, B1, and B2 are in dBV, 0 dBV = 1 V. C A2, CA2′, CB2, and CB2′ are detector compensation inputs. (B2) functional block diagram (one half)
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989
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Y Y C A2 ′ C A2 VCC – Z Z GND C B2 ′ C B2 Pin numbers shown are for the J package. absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† † Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the recommended operating conditions section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE 1: All voltages, except differential output voltages, are with respect to network ground terminal. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE PACKAGE TA ≤ 25°C POWER RATING DERATING FACTOR DERATE ABOVE T A TA = 70°C POWER RATING TA = 125°C POWER RATING FK 500 mW 11.0 mW/°C 104°C 500 mW 275 mW J 500 mW 11.0 mW/°C 104°C 500 mW 275 mW recommended operating conditions MIN MAX UNIT Peak-to-peak input voltage for each 30-dB stage 0.01 1 V Operating free-air temperature, TA –55 125 °C
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989 3POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 electrical characteristics, VCC ± = ± 6 V, TA = 25°C PARAMETER TEST FIGURE MIN TYP MAX UNIT Differential output offset voltage 1 ± 25 ± 70 mV Quiescent output voltage 2 5.45 5.6 5.85 V DC scale factor (differential output), each 3-dB stage, – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV 3 7 8 11 mV/dB AC scale factor (differential output) 8 mV/dB DC error at – 20 dBV (midpoint of – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV range) 3 1 2.6 dB Input impedance 500 W Output impedance 200 W Rise time, 10% to 90% points, CL = 24 pF 4 20 35 ns Supply current from VCC+ 2 14.5 18.5 23 mA Supply current from VCC – 2 – 6 – 8.5 – 10.5 mA Power dissipation 2 123 162 201 mW electrical characteristics over operating free-air temperature range, VCC ± = ± 6 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST FIGURE MIN MAX UNIT Differential output offset voltage 1 ± 100 mV Quiescent output voltage 2 5.3 5.85 V DC scale factor (differential output) each 30-dB stage, – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV 3 7 11 mV/dB DC error at 20 dBV (midpoint of 35 dBV to 5 dBV range) TA = – 55°C dBDC error at – 20 dBV (midpoint of – 35 dBV to – 5 dBV range) TA = 125°C dB Supply current from VCC+ 2 10 31 mA Supply current from VCC – 2 – 4.5 – 15 mA Power dissipation 2 87 276 mW PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Figure 1 VCC+ VCC– C A2 C A2 ′ VCC + VCC – Y Y Z Z DVM C B2 C B2 ′ GND B2 Figure 2 C A2 C A2 ′ VCC+ VCC– Y Y Z Z C B2 C B2 ′ GND VCC+ VCC– ICC + ICC – VO PD = VCC+ • ICC+ + VCC– • ICC–
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989
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PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION C A2 C A2 ′ VCC+ VCC– Y Y Z Z C B2 GND DVM 18 mV 100 mV 560 mV DC Power Supply VCC+ VCC– Scale Factor/C0043 /C0426V out(560 mV)–V out(18mV)/C0427mV 30 dB Error/C0043 /C0426VV out(100 mV)–0.5 Vout(560 mV)–0.5 Vout(18 mV)/C0427 Scale Factor C B2 ′ Figure 3 C A2 C A2 ′ VCC+ VCC– Y Y Z Z C B2 C B2 ′ GND VCC+ VCC– 1000 pFC I C L C L 100 mV 0 mV Atten Pulse Generator 50 W Tektronix Sampling Scope With Digital Readout or Equivalent NOTES: A. The input pulse has the following characteristics: tw = 200 ns, tr ≤ 2 ns, tf ≤ 2 ns, PRR ≤ 10 MHz. B. Capacitor CI consists of three capacitors in parallel: 1 mF, 0.1 mF, and 0.01 mF. C. C L includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 4
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989
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VCC ± = ± 6 V TA = 25°C See Figure 4, outputs loaded symmetrically C L – Load Capacitance – pF OUTPUT RISE TIME vs LOAD CAPACITANCE – Output Rise Time – ns Figure 9 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C – 75 – 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 VCC ± = ± 6 V See Figure 3 Power Dissipation – mW 200 180 160 140 120 100 POWER DISSIPATION vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE Figure 10
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
Although designed for high-performance applications such as broadband radar, infrared detection and weapons systems, this device has a wide range of applications in data compression and analog computation. basic logarithmic function The basic logarithmic response is derived from the exponential current-voltage relationship of collector current and base-emitter voltage. This relationship is given in the equation: m • V BE = In [(IC + ICES )/ICES ] where: IC = collector current ICES = collector current at VBE = 0 m = q/kT (in V – 1) VBE = base-emitter voltage The differential input amplifier allows dual-polarity inputs, is self-compensating for temperature variations, and is relatively insensitive to common-mode noise. logarithmic sections As can be seen from the schematic, there are eight differential pairs. Each pair is a 15-dB log subsection, and each input feeds two pairs for a range of 30-dB per stage. Four compensation points are made available to allow slight variations in the gain (slope) of the two individual 15-dB stages of input A2 and B2. By slightly changing the voltage on any of the compensation pins from its quiescent value, the gain of that particular 15-dB stage can be adjusted to match the other 15-dB stage in the pair. The compensation pins may also be used to match the transfer characteristics of input A2 to A1 or B2 to B1. The log stages in each half of the circuit are summed by directly connecting their collectors together and summing through a common-base output stage. The two sets of output collectors are used to give two log outputs, Y and Y (or Z and Z) which are equal in amplitude but opposite in polarity. This increases the versatility of the device. By proper choice of external connections, linear amplification, and linear attenuation, and many different applications requiring logarithmic signal processing are possible input levels The recommended input voltage range of any one stage is given as 0.01 V to 1 V. Input levels in excess of 1 V may result in a distorted output. When several log sections are summed together, the distorted area of one section overlaps with the next section and the resulting distortion is insignificant. However, there is a limit to the amount of overdrive that may be applied. As the input drive reaches ± 3.5 V, saturation occurs, clamping the collector-summing line and severely distorting the output. Therefore, the signal to any input must be limited to approximately ± 3 V to ensure a clean output. Figure 11 INPUT C A2 INPUT C A2’ Log Log Log Log Log Log Log Log –15 dB –15 dB –15 dB –15 dB SS YY ZZ Outputs INPUT C B2 INPUT C B2’ functional block diagram
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Differential-output-voltage levels are low, generally less than 0.6 V. As demonstrated in Figure 12, the output swing and the slope of the output response can be adjusted by varying the gain by means of the slope control. The coordinate origin may also be adjusted by positioning the offset of the output buffer. circuits Figures 12 through 19 show typical circuits using this logarithmic amplifier. Operational amplifiers not otherwise designated are TLC271. For operation at higher frequencies, the TL592 is recommended instead of the TLC271. Output Voltage – V 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 – 0.2 10 – 4 10 –3 10 –2 10 –1 1011 TYPICAL TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS Adjusted for Increased Slope and Offset Adjusted For Minimum Slope With Zero Offset Input Voltage – V Input Y Y TL441 Origin Slope OutputGND Figure 12. Output Slope and Origin Adjustment
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989 9POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Output Voltage – V Input Voltage – V Input TL441 Output Z Z 2 kW , 1% 2 k W , 1% 2 kW , 1% 2 kW , 1% GND 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO TYPICAL INPUT STAGES 20 kW + Figure 13. Utilization of Separate Stages
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Z Z Y Y TL441 Input Output 2 kW , 1% 2 k W , 1% 20 kW 2 kW , 1% 2 kW , 1% Output Voltage – V Input Voltage – V 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS WITH BOTH SIDES PARALLELED GND Figure 14. Utilization of Paralleled Inputs
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989 11POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Output Voltage – V 10 – 4 10 –3 10 –2 10 –1 1011 Input Voltage – V 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS 1 kW 910 W VCC + = 4 V VCC – = – 4 V 5 kW 1 kW 910 W 100 W 15 kW 2 kW 2 kW 20 kW 2 kW Slope 5 kW Input Output Z Z Y Y TL441 5 kW Origin 100 W VCC + = 4 V VCC – = – 4 V NOTES: A. Inputs are limited by reducing the supply voltages for the input amplifiers to ± 4 V. B. The gains of the input amplifiers are adjusted to achieve smooth transitions. Figure 15. Logarithmic Amplifier With Input Voltage Range Greater Than 80 dB
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Z Z Y Y TL441 Y Y TL441 Input A Input B see Note A OUTPUT W (see Note B) RR R R R R R RR R NOTES: A. Connections shown are for multiplication. For division, Z and Z connections are reversed. B. Output W may need to be amplified to give actual product or quotient of A and B. C. R designates resistors of equal value, typically 2 kW to 10 kW . Multiplication: W = A • B ⇒ log W = log A + log B, or W = a(logaA + logaB) Division: W = A/B ⇒ log W = log A – log B, or W = a(logaA + logaB) Figure 16. Multiplication or Division NOTE: R designates resistors of equal value, typically 2 kW to 10 kW . The power to which the input variable is raised is fixed by setting nR. Output W may need to be amplified to give the correct value. Figure 17. Raising a Variable to a Fixed Power
SLFS038 – JUNE 1976 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1989 13POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 Y Y TL441 Input A Output W NOTE: Adjust the slope to correspond to the base “a”. Exponential to any base: W = a. Figure 18. Raising a Fixed Number to a Variable Power
50 W 50 W
Figure 19. Dual-Channel RF Logarithmic Amplifier With 50-dB Input Range Per Channel at 10 MHz
www.ti.com 5-Sep-2011 Addendum-Page 1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples (Requires Login) 5962-9176301QEA ACTIVE CDIP J 16 1 TBD Call TI Call TI TL441AMJ ACTIVE CDIP J 16 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type TL441AMJB ACTIVE CDIP J 16 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
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