SPDP25D28

SPDPXXD28 SENSITRON | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 1 SPDPXXD28 SERIES DC Solid State Power Controller Module Description: These Solid State Power Controlle r (SSPC) Modules are designed to operate without any heatsink requirements. They are microcontroller-based Solid State Relays rated up to 40A designed to be used in high reliability 28V DC applications. These modules have in tegrated current sensing with no derating over the full operating temperature range. These modules are the el ectronic equivalent to electromechanical circuit breakers with isolated control and status. This series is supplied in 4 SSPC families, with each family being programmable over a 2:1 current range: SPDP05D28: Programmable from 2.5A to 5A SPDP12D28: Programmable from 6A to 12A SPDP25D28: Programmable from 12.5A to 25A SPDP40D28: Programmable from 20A to 40A Compliant Documents & Standards: MIL-STD-1275B, Notice1 Characteristics of 28 Volt DC Electrical Systems in Military Vehicles-4/20/04 MIL-STD-704F Aircraft Electrical Power Characteristics 12 March 2004 MIL-STD-217F, Notice 2 Reliability Predicti on of Electronic Equipment 28 Feb 1995 Module Features:
• No additional heat sinking or external cooling required!
• Extremely Low Power, No Derating Over the Full Temperature Range
• Low Weight (20 gms up to 25A and 40 gms for SPDP40D28)
• Same Pin Out as Industry Standard SSPCs in a Smaller Outline
• Epoxy Shell Construction
• Solid State Reliability
• High Power Density Electrical Features (SPDPxxD28 Series):
• 28VDC Input with Very Low Voltage Drop; 76mV, typ. @15A for SPDP25D28
• True I 2t Protection up to 10X rating with Nuisance Trip Suppression
• Instant Trip Protection (50 µsec typ) for Loads Above 10X rating
• Unlimited Interrupt Capability; Repetitive Fault Handling Capability
• Thermal Memory
• Internally Generated Isolated Supply to Drive the Switch
• Low Bias Supply Current: 25 mA typ @ 5V DC
• High Control Circuit Isolation: 750V DC Control to Power Circuit
• Soft Turn-On to Reduce EMC Issues
• EMI Tolerant
• Module Reset with a Low Level Signal; Reset Circuit is Trip-Free
• TTL/CMOS Compatible, Optically Isolated, Input and Outputs
• Schmitt-Trigger Control Input for Noise Immunity

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 2 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Table 1 - Electrical Characteristics (at 25 oC and Vbias = 5.0V DC unless otherwise specified) Power Input Voltage – Continuous – Transient 0 to 40V DC, 50V DC Absolute Maximum +600V or –600V Spike (< 10 uS) Power Dissipation See Table 5 Current See Table 5 See Figure 1, Trip Curve Max Voltage Drop See Table 5 Max current without tripping 110% min Trip time See Figure 1, Trip Curve Output Rise Time (turn ON) 110 µsec typ Output Fall Time under normal turn-off 110 usec typ Output Fall Time under Fault 50 usec typ Min Load Requirement Nil Protection Short Circuit Protection Unlimited Instant Trip 800%, min; 1200%, max Table 2 - Physical Characteristics Temperature Operating Temperature TA = -55 °C to +100 °C Storage Temperature TA = -55 °C to +125 °C Environmental Altitude Up to 30,000 ft Can be installed in an unpressurized area Case Dimensions 1.825”L x 1.25”W x 0.38”H for SPDP05D28, SPDP12D28 and SPDP25D28 1.825”L x 1.25”W x 0.70”H for SPDP40D28 Operating Orientation Any Weight 20 grams typ (40 grams typ for SPDP40D28) MTBF (Estimate: MIL STD 217F)

1.1 Mhrs at 25 °C Full load for SPDP05D28,

0.8Mhrs at 25°C for SPDP40D28 Control & Status (TTL/CMOS Compatible) BIAS (Vcc) 5.0V DC Nominal, 6.5V DC Absolute Maximum 4.5V to 5.5 VDC BIAS (Vcc) Current 25 mA typ 30 mA, max GATE Status, Load Status Signals Voh=3.7V, min, at Ioh=-20mA Vol=0.4V, max, at Iol=20mA CONTROL Signal VT+ (Positive-going input threshold voltage) VT− (Negative-going input threshold voltage) ∆VT Hysteresis (VT+ VT−) 2.0V, min, 3.5V, max 1.2V, min, 2.3V, max 0.6V, min, 1.4V, max Reset Cycle CONTROL Signal

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 4 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Table 3 - Signal Timing – (-55 oC to 100 oC @ LINE = 28V DC) Parameter Symbol Min Max Units CONTROL to GATE Status Delay for Turn On t0 1 ms Turn ON Delay t1 200 µs Load Current Rise Time t2 50 200 µs Turn ON to LOAD Status Delay t3 1 ms CONTROL to GATE Status Delay for Turn Off t4 1 ms Turn OFF Delay t5 200 µs Load Current Fall Time t6 50 200 µs Turn OFF to LOAD Delay t7 1 ms Note: Current Fall Time from trip dependent on magnitude of overload Figure 3 - Mechanical Dimensions for SPDP05D28, SPDP12D28 and SPDP25D28 All dimensions are in inches

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 5 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Figure 4 - Mechanical Dimensions for SPDP40D28 All dimensions are in inches Table 4 - Pin Definitions Pin Number Pin Name Function

1 BIAS +5V DC Supply

2 GND 5V Return

3 GATE Status Switch Status

4 LOAD Status Load Current Detection

5 CONTROL Input On/Off Control

6 LINE +28V DC Supply

7 GAINRET Internally con nected to LOAD (pin 10)

8 PWRGND 28V Return

9 GAIN Gain Adjust

10 LOAD Load Connection

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 6 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Table 5 – Individual Model Ratings SPDP05D28 SPDP05D28 Set for

2.5 Amp Rating

5 Amp Rating

Current Rating @ 100OC 2.5A 5A Power Dissipation 0.20W typ @ 1.5A 25OC 0.24W max @ 2.5A 25OC 0.26W max @ 2.5A 100OC 0.27W typ @ 3A 25OC 0.45W max @ 5A 25OC 0.51W max @ 5A 100OC Max Voltage Drop 17mV typ @ 1.5A 25OC 28mV max @ 2.5A 25OC 34mV max @ 2.5A 100OC 33mV typ @ 3A 25OC 55mV max @ 5A 25OC 68mV max @ 5A 100OC SPDP12D28 SPDP12D28 Set for

6 Amp Rating

12 Amp Rating

Current Rating @ 100OC 6A 12A Power Dissipation 0.28W typ @ 3.6A 25OC 0.47W max @ 6A 25OC 0.55W max @ 6A 100OC 0.59W typ @ 7.2A 25OC 1.34W max @ 12A 25OC 1.69W max @ 12A 100OC Max Voltage Drop 29mV typ @ 3.6A 25OC 49mV max @ 6A 25OC 63mV max @ 6A 100OC 58mV typ @ 7.2A 25OC 97mV max @ 12A 25OC 126mV max @ 12A 100OC SPDP25D28 SPDP25D28 Set for

12.5 Amp Rating

25 Amp Rating

Current Rating @ 100OC 12.5A 25A Power Dissipation 0.58W typ @ 7.5A 25OC 1.31W max @ 12.5A 25OC 1.62W max @ 12.5A 100OC 1.31W typ @ 15A 25OC 3.32W max @ 25A 25OC 4.21W max @ 25A 100OC Max Voltage Drop 45mV typ @ 7.5A 25OC 76mV max @ 12.5A 25OC 97mV max @ 12.5A 100OC 76mV typ @ 15A 25OC 126mV max @ 25A 25OC 162mV max @ 25A 100OC SPDP40D28 SPDP40D28 Set for

20 Amp Rating

40 Amp Rating

Current Rating @ 100OC 20A 40A Power Dissipation 0.45W typ @ 12A 25OC 0.93W max @ 20A 25OC 1.14W max @ 20A 100OC 1.26W typ @ 24A 25OC 3.19W max @ 40A 25OC 4.02W max @ 40A 100OC Max Voltage Drop 23mV typ @ 12A 25OC 38mV max @ 20A 25OC 48mV max @ 20A 100OC 45mV typ @ 24A 25OC 75mV max @ 40A 25OC 96mV max @ 40A 100OC

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 8 SPDPXXD28 SERIES The code programmed in the microcontroller acquires the output of the internal A/D converter, squares the result and applies it to a simulated RC circuit. It checks the output of the simulated circuit to determine whether or not to trip (turn off the power Mosfets). Beca use the microcontroller simulates an analog RC circuit, the SSPC has ‘thermal memory’. That is, it trips faster if there had been current flowing prior to the overload than if there hadn’t been current flowing. This behavior imitat es thermal circuit breakers and better protects the application’s wiring since the wiring cannot take as mu ch an overload if current had been flowing prior to the overload. The watchdog timer operates from its own internal clock so a failure of the main clock will not stop the watchdog timer. The code programmed in the microcontroller will periodically reset the watchdog timer preventing it from timing out. If the code malfunctions for any reason, the watchdog timer is not reset and it times out. When the watchdog timer times out, it resets the microcontroller. Since the code is designed to detect levels and not edges, the output of the module, and therefore the output of the SPDPXXD28, immediately reflects the command on its input. The Power Mosfets used in the SPDPXXD28 Series have been selected for very low R ds(on) and results in low voltage drop and low power dissi pation. In most applications, the SPDPXXD28 will be operated at 50 – 60% of rated current to provide a safety margin. As can be se en in Table 1, when the SPDP25D28 is operated at 15 Amps, 60% of rated current, it only dissipates 1.0 Watt at room temperature. No heatsinking is required for this condition. However, if the SPDP25D28 is to be operat ed at maximum rating and/or at elevated temperatures, the dissipation can exceed 4 Watts and heatsinking is required. Some heatsinking can be accomplished by adding copper area to the LINE and LOAD pins, a heatsink can be epoxied to the surface of the module or a flat copper or aluminum heatsink can be sandwiched between the SPDP25D28 and the printed circuit board using a thermal pad to maximize heat transfer. Each applic ation should be evaluated at maximum expected constant current. The lower current models in the SPDPXXD28 Series do not require heat sinking under all conditions. For overloads, no heatsinking is required provided the SPD PXXD28 Series is allowed some time to cool down. The SPDPXXD28 has sufficient thermal mass that the temperature will rise only a few degrees under the worst- case overload. Repetitive overlo ads should be avoided. When the SPDPXXD 28 reports a trip condition, the controller driving the SPDPXXD28 should allow no more than four repetitions and then allow thirty seconds to cool down before trying to turn on again. The SPDPXXD28 will trip on overloads in the ALWAYS TR IP region shown in Figure 1 and will never trip when in the NEVER TRIP region. The SPDPXXD28 can be reset by bringing the CONTROL pin to a logic low. When the CONTROL pin is brought back to logic high, the SPDPXXD28 will turn back on. If the overload is still present, the SPDPXXD28 will trip again. Cycling the 5 Volt BIAS power w ill also reset the SPDPXXD28. If the CONTROL pin is at logic high when the BIAS power is cycled, the SPDPXXD28 will turn back on when the BIAS power is re-applied. Status Outputs The LOAD and GATE status outputs of the SPDPXXD28 show whether or not the load is drawing current and Power Mosfet switch is on. A logic high on the LOAD status output show s that the load draws < 5% of rated load and a logic low shows that the load draws > 15% of rated current. A load that draws between 5% and 15% of rated current could result in either a high or low logic level on the LOAD status output. Logic high on the GATE output indicates that the Power Mosfet switch is on while a logic low indicates that the switch is off. As can be seen in Table 6, of the 8 possible states for the combination of CONTROL, LOAD and GATE, only 3 states represent valid SSPC operation. The other 5 states indicate either a failed SSPC or, more likely, a short to ground or a short to the BIAS supply of one of the logi c outputs. By comparing the CONTROL input with the LOAD and GATE outputs, the user can determine whet her or not the load is supposed to be ON (GATE), whether or not it’s drawing current (GATE) and whether or not the LOAD and GATE outputs are valid responses to the CONTROL input.

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 9 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Table 6 – CONTROL, LOAD & GATE Truth Table State CONTROL LOAD GATE Comments

1 L L L SSPC failure or shorted LOAD output to ground

2 L L H SSPC failure

3 L H L Normal OFF condition

4 L H H SSPC failure or shorted GATE output to BIAS supply

5 H L L SSPC failure or shorted GATE output to ground

6 H L H Normal ON condition with load current > 15% rated current

7 H H L Tripped

8 H H H Normal ON condition with load current < 5% rated current

MIL-W-5088L has a chart the shows wire size as a functi on of wire temperature and current. This chart is for a single copper wire in free air. For an ambient temperature of 70 oC, the chart allows an 18-gauge wire to handle 25 Amps continuously at a wire temperature of 200 oC – a wire temperature rise of 130 oC. For a wire temperature limited to 150 oC, the chart requires a 16-gauge wire and for a wire temperature of 105 oC, the chart requires a 14-gauge wire. Amendment 1 of MIL-W-5088L has a table for copper wire in a bundle, group or harness with condition on the number of wires, percent of total harne ss capacity, etc. This table shows that a 12 gauge wire is necessary for 200 oC operation, 10-gauge for 150 oC and 8-gauge for 105 oC. MIL-W-5088L has various figures showing derating for harnesses as a function of the number of current carrying conductors for different altitudes. MIL-W-5088L only specifies wire for DC or RMS AC conditions, not for transient or overload conditions. MIL-W-5088L and its amendment should be consulted to determine minimum wire sizes for other currents and conditions. For transient or overload conditions, the transient or ov erload happens so quickly that heat is not transferred from the wire to the surrounding s. The heat caused by the I 2R heating of the wire causes the temperature to rise at a linear rate controlled by the heat capacity of the wire. The equation for this linear rise in temperature, with respect to time, can be solved as: I 2t = constant. Every wire has an I 2t rating that’s dependent on the temperature rise allowed and the diameter of the wire. If the I2t rating of the SSPC or circuit breaker is less than the I2t rating of the wire, then the SSPC or circuit breaker can protect the wire. The maximum I 2t rating for the SPD2P05D28 is 7.45 x 10 3 Amp 2-Seconds. Every wire size in the paragraphs above has an I 2t rating that exceeds the SPDP25D28 I2t rating for the temperature rises stated. Therefore, to select a wire size, it’s simply a matter of determining the maximum temperature rise of t he application and deciding whether or not the wire will be in a bundle and use the information above. Similarly, the I 2t ratings for the SPDP12D28 and SPDP05D28 are 1.72 x 103 Amp2-Seconds and 300 Amp2-Seconds, respectively.

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 12 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Rise Time & Fall Time The rise and fall times of the SPDPXXD28 are pr e-set at the factory for a nominal 100 µS with a LINE supply of 28VDC (see Table 3 for min/max limits). The rise and fall times will vary linearly with supply voltage. The PWRGND pin is used to control the rise and fall times. If the PWRGND pin is left open, the rise and fall times will be about 50uS. Leaving the PWRGND pin open can be useful when a faster rise or fall time is desirable. With the PWRGND pin connected as in Figures 6 through 9, the SPDPXXD28, when set for a 25 Amp rating, can turn on into a capacitive load of 440uF, min, 880uF, typ, without tripping for any power supply voltage within the ratings. The capacitive load capability is proportional to current rating and can be therefore easily calculated for each model and setting in the SPDPXX28 Series. Wiring and Load Inductance Wiring inductance can ca use voltage transients wh en the SPDPXXD28 is switched off due to an overload. Generally, these transients are small but must be cons idered when long wires are used on either the LINE or LOAD pins or both. A 10 foot length of wire in free air will cause a transient voltage of about 10 Volts when the SPDP25D28 trips at an Instant Trip level of 250 Amps. At the rated load current of 25 Amps, the voltage transient will be about 1 Volt. If longer wire lengths are used, a transient suppressor may be used at the LINE pin and a power diode may be used at the LOAD pin so t hat the total voltage between the LINE and LOAD pins is less than 50 Volts. When powering inductive loads, the negative voltage transient at the LOAD pin can cause the voltage between LINE and LOAD to exceed the SPDPXXD28 rating of 50 Volt s and a power diode from the LOAD pin to ground must be used. The cathode of the power diode is connected to the LOAD pin with the anode connected to ground. The power diode must be abl e to carry the load current when t he SPDPXXD28 switches off. Voltage transients due to wiring or load inductance are proportional to the operating current. Therefore, transients are less of a problem for the SPDP12D28 and SPDP05D28 Models and even the SPDP25D28 Model when set to a 12.5 Amp rating. Paralleling For example, putting two SPDP25D28s in parallel will not double the rating to 50 Amps. Due to differences in the R ds(on) of the Power Mosfets in the SSPCs, the current w ill not share equally. In addition, there are unit-to- unit differences in the trip curves so that two SPDP25D28 s in parallel may possibly tr ip at 35 Amps. Also, both SPDP25D28s will not trip together; t he SPDP25D28 carrying the higher current will trip first followed by the other SPDP25D28. Multiple SPDP25D28s may be used in parallel as long as these complexities are appreciated. Due not parallel different models of this series as the current sharing will not be predictable. Board Layout The current-carrying power circuit should be kept well away from the control circuit and other low-level circuits in the system. It’s unlikely, but possible, that magnetic coupling could affect the control circuit when turning normal loads on and off. However, in the case of an overload, the magnetic co upling could be 10 times greater than with normal loads. Effects of such coupling could cause ‘chattering’ when turning on and off, oscillation, and the possibility of turning the SPDPXXD28 back on after an overload. The SPDPXXD28 Series is a Trip-Free device. Once tripped it will not turn back on until reset and commanded on again. Reset is accomplished by bringing the CONTROL pin lo w and turning the SSPC back on is accomp lished by bringing the CONTROL pin high. Sufficient magnetic coupling between the current-ca rrying power circuit and the control circuit can negate the Trip-Free characteristic.

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 13 SPDPXXD28 SERIES MIL-STD-704F and MIL-STD-1275B These standards cover the characteristics of the elec trical systems in Military Aircraft and Vehicles. The SPDPXXD28 Series meets all of the r equirements of MIL-STD-704F includ ing Normal, Emergency, Abnormal and Electric Starting conditions with the Ripple, Dist ortion Factor and Distortion Spectrum defined in the standard. The SPDPXXD28 Seri es also meets all of the requirements of MIL-STD-1275B including operation with Battery and Generator, Generator Only and Battery Only for all of the conditions described in the standard including Cranking, Surges, Spikes and Ripple. In addition, the SPDPXXD28 Series can withstand + 600 V spikes for 10 µS. This capability is beyond that required by the standards cited above. Figure 10 – SPDP25D28 Rating vs. Resistance Between "Gain" and "Gain Return" Terminals 0 500100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500700075008000850090009500 10000105 1100011500120 Re sista nce Be tw e e n Te rmina ls (Ohms) Current Rating (Amps) Rating

DATASHEET 5002, Rev B

• 221 West Industry Court Deer Park, NY 11729-4681 Phone (631) 586 7600 Fax (631) 242 9798 •
• World Wide Web - http://www.sensitron.com • E-Mail Address - sales@sensitron.com • Page 15 SPDPXXD28 SERIES Figure 13 – SPDP40D28 Rating vs. Resistance Between "Gain" and "Gain Return" Terminals 0 5001000150020002500300035004000450050005500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 90009500 1000010500110001150012000 Resistance Between Terminals (Ohms) Current Rating (Amps) Rating DISCLAIMER: 1- The information given herein, including the specifications and dimens ions, is subject to change without prior notice to impr ove product characteristics. Before ordering, purchas ers are advised to contact the Sensitron Semiconductor sales department for the latest version of the datasheet(s). 2- In cases where extremely high reliabilit y is required (such as use in nuclear power control, aerospace and aviation, traffic equipment, medical equipment , and safety equipment) , safety should be ensured by using semiconductor devices that feature assured safety or by means of users’ fail-safe precautions or other arrangement . 3- In no event shall Sensitron Semiconductor be liable for any dam ages that may result from an accident or any other cause duri ng operation of the user’s units according to the datas heet(s). Sensitron Semiconductor assumes no responsibility for any intellectual property claims or any other problems that may result from applications of information, products or circuits described in the datasheets. 4- In no event shall Sensitron Semiconductor be liable for any fa ilure in a semiconductor device or any secondary damage result ing from use at a value exceeding the absolute maximum rating. 5- No license is granted by the datasheet(s) under any patents or other rights of any third party or Sensitron Semiconductor. 6- The datasheet(s) may not be reproduced or duplicated, in any form, in whole or par t, without the expressed written permissio n of Sensitron Semiconductor. 7- The products (technologies) described in the datasheet(s) are not to be provided to any party whose purpose in their applica tion will hinder maintenance of international peace and safety nor are they to be applied to that purpose by thei r direct purchasers or any thir d party. When exporting these products (technologies), the necessary procedures are to be taken in accordance with related laws and regulations.