SA2102D

SA2102D SAMES | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

FEATURES

/c43 /c43 /c43 /c43 Meets the IEC 61036 Specification requirements for Class 1 AC static watt-hour meters for active energy Less than 0.5% Error over a dynamic range of 1:1000 The motor drive outputs (MOP, MON) provide the average power information and can drive an electro-mechanical counter directly LED pulse output for calibration purposes sames Single Phase Kilowatt-hour Metering IC SA2102D 1/16SPEC-0510 (REV. 5) 12-02-03 /c43 /c43 /c43 /c43 /c43 /c43 Bi-directional and uni-directional energy measurement Configurable for different meter ratings Precision on-chip oscillator (70ppm/°C drift) Precision on-chip voltage reference (10ppm/°C drift) On-chip anti-creep function (0.02% of Imax) Low power consumption (<25mW typical)

DESCRIPTION

The SAMES SA2102D* is an accurate single phase power/energy metering integrated circuit providing a single- chip solution for energy meters. Very few external components are required and has direct drive capability for electro mechanical counters. The SA2102D does not require an external crystal. A precision oscillator, which supplies the circuitry with a stable frequency, is integrated on chip. The SA2102D metering integrated circuit generates a pulse rate output, the frequency of which is proportional to the power consumption. The SA2102D performs the calculation for active power. The method of calculation takes the power factor into account. Programmable inputs allow the meter manufacturer to configure the SA2102D for different meter maximum currents (I ) and nominal voltages (V ) without having to change the stepper motor or impulse counter gear ratio. The LED pulse output follows the average power consumption measured and is intended for meter calibration purposes. In fast calibration mode this output provides a high frequency pulse rate following the instantaneous power consumption and can be used for fast calibration or to interface with a microcontroller. The SA2102D includes an anti-creep feature preventing any creep effects in the meter. The SA2102D can be configured for positive, negative or bi-directional energy measurement. The SA2102D integrated circuit is pin compatible to the SA2002D and is available in 20 pin dual-in-line plastic (PDIP20), as well as 20 pin small outline (SOIC20) package types. MAX NOM Figure 1: Block diagram http://www.sames.co.za* Patents EP0559499, US5396447, PT559499T, ZA9301579, ZA9400273, ZA9702075 IIP IIN IVP AGND ADC ADC VOLTAGE REFERENCE AND CURRENT BIASING VREF DIGITAL OUTPUT DIGITAL OUTPUT INTEGRATION Instantaneous power Average Power SIGNAL PROCESSING BLOCK POWER ON RESET VDD SO DIRI DIRO OSCILLATOR AND TIMING DIVISION FOR CALIBRATION LED OUTPUT FAST DIVISION FOR COUNTER DRIVER LED MON MOPCNFVSS MOTOR DRIVING BUFFERS

During manufacturing, testing and shipment we take great care to protect our products against potential external environmental damage such as Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). Although our products have ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on products subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges accumulated on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality during product handling. ATTENTION! Electrostatic sensitive devices. Requires special handling. samesSA2102D

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(V = 2.5V, V = -2.5V, over the temperature range -10°C to +85°C , unless otherwise specified. Refer to Figure 2 Test Circuit for Electrical Characteristics.) DD SS ConditionUnitMaxTypMinSymbolParameter Supply Voltage: Positive Supply Voltage: Negative Supply Current: Positive Supply Current: Negative V V mA mA VDD VSS IDD ISS 2.25 -2.75 2.5 2.5 2.75 -2.25 General 3.6 3.6 Inputs Current Sensor Inputs (Differential) Input Current Range IIP, IIN Offset Voltage µA mV IIP, IIN -25 -3.1 +25 +3.1 Peak value Voltage Sensor Input (Asymmetrical) Input Current Range Offset Voltage Digital Inputs µA mV IVP IVP -25 -2.5 +25 +2.5 Peak value DIRI Input leakage Pull down Current R2, R1, R0, FAST, CNF, SO R2, R1, R), FAST, CNF, SO Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage DIRI IPD VIH VIL 0.95 140 µA µA V V V- 1 DD V+ 1SS Outputs 2/16http://www.sames.co.za Digital Outputs LED, DIRO Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage MON, MOP Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage VOH VOL VOH VOL V V V V I = 5mA I = 5mA SOURCE SINK I = 15mA I = 15mA SOURCE SINK # Extended Operating Temperature Range available on request. V- 1DD V+ 1SS IIP, IIN 4.4 0.1

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V = 2.5V, V = -2.5V, over the temperature range -10°C to +85°C , unless otherwise specified. Refer to Figure 2 Test Circuit for Electrical Characteristics.) DD SS ConditionUnitMaxTypMinSymbolParameter 3/16http://www.sames.co.za Reference Voltage Input VREF Ref. Current Ref. Voltage µA V -IR VR 1.1 1.3 With R = 47K/c87 connected to VSS Temperature coefficient ppm/°C10 On-chip oscillator Oscillator frequency MHz3.73723 Temperature coefficient ppm/°C70 # Extended Operating Temperature Range available on request. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* UnitMaxMinSymbolParameter Supply Voltage Operating temperature limits Storage Temperature Specified operating range V- V DD SS Tlimit TSTG TO 3.6 -40 -40 -25 +85 +125 +85 V *Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other condition above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. Figure 2: Test Circuit for Electrical Characteristics VDD IIN IIP IVP AGND VSS FAST R0 R1 R2VREF LED MOP SA2102D MON DIRO DIRISO VDD VSS

http://www.sames.co.za PIN DESCRIPTION Figure 3: Pin connections: Package: PDIP20, SOIC20 1IIN AGND IIP IVP MON DIRI VSS VREF FAST VDD DIRO NC LED MOPCNF NC SO 61 5 1110 SA2102D Analog Ground. The supply voltage to this pin should be mid-way between V and V .DD SS Positive Supply Voltage. The voltage to this pin is typically +2.5V if a shunt resistor is used for current sensing or in the case of a current transformer a +5V supply can be applied. AGND VDD Designation DescriptionPIN Negative Supply Voltage. The voltage to this pin is typically -2.5V if a shunt resistor is used for current sensing or in the case of a current transformer a 0V supply can be applied. VSS14 Analog Input for Voltage. The current into the voltage sense input IVP should be set at 14µA at Nominal Mains Voltage(V ). The voltage sense input saturates at an input current of ±25µA peak. RM S NOM

19 IVP

Analog input for current. The current into the current sense input IIP pin should be set at 16µA at Maximum Rated Mains Current (I ). The current sense input saturates at ±25µA peak. RMS MAX 1,2 IIN, IIP This pin provides the connection for the reference current setting resistor. A 47k resistor connected to sets the optimum operating condition. /c87 VSS

3 VREF

Rated Condition Select. These inputs are used for the different rated condition configuration. Refer to the Rated Condition Select section. 6, 5, 4 R0, R1, R2 This input is used to select between STANDARD and FAST mode (LED output pulse rate). Refer to the LED output section.

7 FAST

Configure / Test input. For normal operation this pin must be connected to .VSS9 CNF Motor pulse outputs. These outputs can drive an electromechanical counter directly.12, 15 MOP, MON Calibration LED output. Refer to the Rated Condition Select section of the pulse rate output options.13 LED Direction indicator output. This output indicates the energy flow direction.17 DIRO Direction select input. This input is used to enable either bi-directional or uni-directional energy measurement.

18 DIRI

No Connection.10, 16 NC Select Output. When fast mode is selected this input can be used to enable or disable the internal pulse stability circuitry for the LED output pulses. Refer to the Select Output section. 11 SO

5/16http://www.sames.co.za TERMINOLOGY Bi-directional and Uni-directional measurement In the bi-directional configuration the LED, MON and MOP outputs generate pulses at a frequency that is proportional to the energy measured in both forward and reverse directions. In the uni-directional configuration the LED, MOP and MON outputs generate pulses at a frequency that is proportional to the energy measured only if the energy flow is in the same direction as selected by the DIRI pin. No output pulses are generated for energy flowing counter to the DIRI pin selection. The DIRI pin can select either positive or negative energy flow. Positive energy is defined when the phase difference between the input signals IIP and IVP are less than 90 Degrees. Percentage error is given by the following formula: Positive energy Negative energy Negative energy is defined when the phase difference between the input signals IIP and IVP is greater than 90 degrees (90..270 degrees). Percentage error* NOTE Since the true value cannot be determined, it is approximated by a value with a stated uncertainty that can be traced to standards agreed upon between manufacturer and user or to national standards. Rated Operating Conditions* Specified Measuring Range* Specified Operating Range* Limit range of operation* Maximum Rated Mains Current (I ) Set of specified measuring ranges for performance characteristics and specified operating ranges for influence quantities, within which the variations or operating errors of a meter are specified and determined. Value expressing the relation between the active energy registered by the meter and the corresponding value of the test output. If this value is a number of pulses, the constant should be either pulses per kilowatt-hour (imp/kWh) or watt-hours per pulse (Wh/imp). Set of values of a measured quantity for which the error of a meter is intended to lie within specified limits. Range of values of a single influence quantity, which forms a part of the rated operating conditions. Extreme conditions which an operating meter can withstand without damage and without degradation of its metrological characteristics when it is subsequently operated under its rated operating conditions. Nominal Mains Voltage (V ) is the voltage specified for the energy meter at Rated Operating Conditions. Maximum Rated Mains Current is the current flowing through the energy meter at Rated Operating Conditions. Nominal Mains Voltage (V )NOM NOM MAX Constant* %Error = Energy registered by SA2102D - True energy True energy X 100 *IEC 61036, 2000. Alternating Current Static Watt-hour Meters for Active Energy. Edition 2.1

6/16http://www.sames.co.za PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Figure 4: Test circuit for performance graphs GRAPH 2 - Linearity PF=+0.5,FREQ=50Hz,Vnom,TEMP=25°CGRAPH 1 - Linearity PF=1,FREQ=50Hz,Vnom,TEMP=25°C -1.5 -1.25 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.25 1.5 0.1 1 10 100 I (Amp) POSITIVE ENERGY NEGATIVE ENERGY %ERROR IEC MAX IEC MIN -1.5 -1.25 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.25 1.5 0.1 1 10 100 I (Amp) POSITIVE ENERGY NEGATIVE ENERGY IEC MAX IEC MIN%ERROR GRAPH 3 - Linearity PF=-0.5,FREQ=50Hz,Vnom,TEMP=25°C I (Amp) -1.5 -1.25 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.25 1.5 0.1 1 10 100 POSITIVE ENERGY NEGATIVE ENERGY IEC MAX IEC MIN %ERROR GRAPH 4 - Linearity PF=1,Supply=+5.5V,+5V,+4.5V -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 1 POSITIVE ENERGY +5V POSITIVE ENERGY +5.5V 10 100 POSITIVE ENERGY +4.5V%ERROR I (Amp) VDD IIN R5R3 IIP IVP AGND VSS FAST R0 R1 R2VREF LED MOP SA2102D MON DIRO DIRISO Rsh VDD 0,1A to 80A 220V VSS

http://www.sames.co.za FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The SA2102D is a CMOS integrated circuit, which performs power/energy calculations across a dynamic range of 1000:1 to an accuracy that exceeds the IEC 61036 Class 1 specification. The integrated circuit includes all the required functions for single phase power and energy measurement. Two A/D converters sample the voltage and current inputs. The calculations required for power and energy are performed and pulses on the LED, MON and MOP outputs represent the results. Internal offsets are eliminated through the use of cancellation techniques. The SA2102D generates pulses at a frequency that is proportional to the power consumption. Complimentary output pins MOP and MON are provided for driving a stepper motor. A MOP pulse followed immediately by a MON pulse represents an energy pulse. This minimizes the risk of (after power up) losing the first energy pulse as a result of the stepper motor residing in the wrong phase. The LED output is normally proportional to the average power consumption measured. When in FAST mode, the LED output is proportional to the instantaneous active power consumption. The FAST mode is intended for meter calibration purposes. The two A/D converters convert the signals on the voltage and current sense inputs to a digital format for further processing. The current sense inputs (IIP and IIN) are identical and balanced. A input signal with a range of 1:1000 is measured at these inputs. An integrated anti-creep function prevents any output pulses if the measured power is less than 0.02% of the meters rated current. The two digital signals, accurately representing the current and voltage inputs, are multiplied using digital multiplication. The output of the multiplier is the instantaneous power. For voltage and current in phase instantaneous power is calculated by: Instantaneous power let , , p(t) = p(t) = where v(t) is the instantaneous voltage i(t) is the instantaneous current, V is the maximum amplitude of the voltage signal, I is the maximum amplitude of the current signal, is the voltage phase angle, is the current phase angle and on a 50Hz mains system. p(t) M M = 100Hz noise component This power information is then integrated over time to provide the average power information. Average Power (P) = Where is the instantaneous power and cos is the power factor. ANALOG INPUT CONFIGURATION The input circuitry of the current and voltage sensor inputs is illustrated in figure 5. GND VDD DR-01148 VOLTAGE SENSOR INPUT IVP SSV IIN IIP CURRENT SENSOR INPUTS SSV SSV VDD DDV A V AI Figure 5: Analog input configuration )()( titv /c180 /c113/c121 tdtpT T /c242 )(1 )sin()sin( /c121/c119/c113/c119/c43/c180/c43 tItV MM /c121/c113/c106/c45/c61 M RMS VV /c61 2 M RMS II /c61 )sin()sin( /c121/c119/c113/c119/c43/c43 ttIV MM )sin()sin( /c106/c113/c119/c113/c119/c45 /c43/c43 ttIV MM )])(2cos([cos /c106/c113/c119/c106/c45 /c43/c45 tIV RMSRMS ))(2cos( /c106/c113/c119/c45/c43tVI /c106cosRMSRMS IV /c106

9/16http://www.sames.co.za Motor pulses / kWh = LED pulses/kWh / DF_MO Where: LED pulses / kWh as calculated in formula 1 DF_MO is the dividing factor and depends on R1 and R0: DF_MO Select Output (SO) Rated Condition Select (R0, R1, R2) LED pulses / kWh = The SA2102D has unique internal circuitry that can be user enabled to stabilize the LED output. When in FAST mode, connecting the SO input pin to Vdd will enable the LED pulse stability feature. Stabilizing the LED pulse output allows for shorter meter calibration times. Leaving the SO pin open or connecting to Vss will disable the LED pulse stability circuitry. Figure 9 indicates the operation of pulse stability. To calculate the LED output pulse rate (in STANDARD mode) and motor drive pulse rate for any meter ratings (I and V ) the following formulae can be used: 1160 x (1/DF_LED) x Where: I = Maximum Rated Mains current V = Nominal Mains Voltage DF_LED is the dividing factor and depends on R2, R1 and R0: The Rated Condition Select pins R0, R1 and R2 are inputs pins used to configure the SA2102D for different Maximum Rated Mains Currents and Nominal Mains Voltages. This feature allows for the use of different stepper motor gear ratios. MAX NOM NOM MAX 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 6400 3200 1600 800 6400 3200 1600 220V/10A 220V/20A 220V/40A 220V/80A 220V/6A 220V/30A 220V/60A MOP and MON Outputs (Pulses/kWh) LED Output (Pulses/ kWh) Vnom / ImaxR0R1R2 Table 3: Some meter constants available for several maximum currents (I ) and with a line voltage of 220V, while in STANDARD mode. MAX 3600 (V x I ) / 1000NOM MAX DF_LED 322 322 322 322 536 214 214 Table 3 shows some of the meter constants available for several maximum currents (I ) and with a line voltage of 220V while in STANDARD mode. Note that the values calculated using formulae 1 and 2 are close approximations to the values listed in table 3. The SA2102D has to be calibrated (using the voltage input) to give the exact value listed. MAX Table 1: LED Output Constants Table 2: MOTOR Output Constants Direction Select Input (DIRI) Depending on the state of the DIRI pin the energy to be measured can be in the positive direction only, or in the negative direction only, or in both directions. Connecting DIRI to VDD will result in energy only being measured in the positive direction. Energy flowing in the negative direction will not be measured. Connecting DIRI to VSS will result in energy only being measured in the negative direction. Energy flowing in the positive direction will not be measured. Connecting the DIRI pin to the DIRO output pin enables the bi-direction mode where energy is measured regardless of direction.

11/16http://www.sames.co.za TYPICAL APPLICATION In figure 10, the components required for a stand alone power metering application, are shown. The application uses a shunt resistor for the mains current sensing. The meter is designed for 220V/40A operation. The critical external components for the SA2102D integrated circuit are the current sense resistors, the voltage sense resistors as well as the bias setting resistor. R13 defines all on-chip and reference currents. With R13=47k , optimum conditions are set. Device calibration is done on the voltage input of the device. The voltage drop across the shunt resistor at rated current should be at least 20mV. If a shunt resistor of 625µ is chosen and a voltage of 25mV across the shunt is required at I then the power dissipation in the current sensor is: P=IR =(40A)² x 625µ =1 W . The resistors R6 and R7 define the current level into the current sense inputs of the device. The resistor values are selected for an input current of 16µA on the current inputs of the SA2102D at I . According to equation described in the Current Sense inputs section: R6 = R7 = (I / 16µA) x R /2 = 40A / 16µA x 625µ/2 = 781.25 A resistor with value of 820 is chosen, the 5% deviation from the calculated value will be compensated for when calculating resistor values for the voltage path. BIAS RESISTOR SHUNT RESISTOR CURRENT SENSE RESISTORS /c87 /c87 /c87 /c87 /c87 MAX MAX LS H VOLTAGE DIVIDER PROGRAMMING The voltage divider is calculated for a voltage drop of 14V + 5%(14.7V). Equations for the voltage divider in figure 10 are: R1 + R2 + R3 = RA and R12 || (R11+P1) = RB. Combining the two equations gives: (RA + RB) / 220V = RB / 14.7V A 5k trimpot will be used in the voltage channel for meter calibration. The center position on the pot is used in the calculations. P1 = 2.5k and values for resistors R11 = 22k and R12 =1M are chosen. Substituting the values will result in: RB=23.91k and RA=RB x (220V/14.7V - 1) resulting in RA=333k so the resistor values of R1, R2 and R3 are chosen to be 110k . The resistor values are calculated for a 40A rated meter. The LED pulse rate must be set accordingly by programming pins R0, R1 and R2. Using the Rated Conditions Select section, pins R0 and R2 is set to VSS and R1 set to VDD. These settings will configure the SA2102D for 220V/40A operation with a LED pulse rate of 1600 pulses/kWh. The FAST pin is set to VSS for STANDARD operation. /c87/c87 /c87 /c87 /c87 /c87

12/16http://www.sames.co.za Figure 10: Application circuit + C3 C2 R1 R2 R3 + C4 C5R10 R11 R12 R13 C6 -2V5 -2V5 +2V5 LIVE NEUTRAL LIVE NEUTRAL R14 R24 R15 FAST7 R06 VDD8 DR-01569 VREF3 IIP2 IIN1 AGND 20 IVP 19 DIRI 18 DIRO 17 MON 15 VSS 14 LED 13 MOP SO NC NC CNF 12 SA2102D .112345 ICNT1 LED1 Calibration +2V5 220V/40A meter with 1600 pulses/kWh resolution +2V5 -2V5 -2V5 -2V5 LED2 Direction

http://www.sames.co.za Parts List for Application Circuit: Figure 10 Note 1: Resistor (R6 and R7) values are dependant on the selected shunt resistor (R14) value. Note 2: Capacitor C6 to be positioned as close as possible to supply pins. Symbol Description Detail SA2102D Diode, Silicon, 1N4002 Diode, Silicon, 1N4002 Diode, Zener, 2.4V Diode, Zener, 2.4V Resistor, 110k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 110k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 110k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 680, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 820, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 820, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 2K, 1/4W Resistor, 2K, 1/4W Resistor, 22k 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 1M, 1/4W, 1%, metal Resistor, 47k, 1/4W, 1%, metal Trim pot, 5k, Multi turn Capacitor, 220nF, Ceramic Capacitor, 220nF, Ceramic Capacitor, 100uF, 16V, electrolytic Capacitor, 100uF, 16V, electrolytic PDIP20/SOIC20 R10 R11 R12 R13 Resistor, 47R, 2W, 5%, wire wound Note 1 Note 1 Capacitor, 330nF, 250VAC Capacitor, 820nF, Ceramic 3mm Light emitting diodeLED1 Note 2 Shunt resistor 625µ/c87R14 3mm Light emitting diodeLED2 Stepper MotorICNT1 Note 1 Part Number SA2102DPA SA2102DSA Package PDIP20 SOIC20

ORDERING INFORMATION

14/16http://www.sames.co.za PACKAGE DIMENSIONS Dimensions shown in inches.PDIP20 Outline Package SOIC20 Outline Package

15/16http://www.sames.co.za NOTES:

samesPM9607AP samesSA2102D DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this document is confidential and proprietary to South African Micro-Electronic Systems (Pty) Ltd ("SAMES") and may not be copied or disclosed to a third party, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of SAMES. The information contained herein is current as of the date of publication; however, delivery of this document shall not under any circumstances create any implication that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date. SAMES does not undertake to inform any recipient of this document of any changes in the information contained herein, and SAMES expressly reserves the right to make changes in such information, without notification, even if such changes would render information contained herein inaccurate or incomplete. SAMES makes no representation or warranty that any circuit designed by reference to the information contained herein, will function without errors and as intended by the designer. Any sales or technical questions may be posted to our e-mail address below: For the latest updates on datasheets, please visit our web site: (012) 333-6021 +27 12 333-6021 (012) 333-8071 +27 12 333-8071 energy@sames.co.za http://www.sames.co.za. Tel: Tel: Int Fax: Fax: Int SOUTH AFRICAN MICRO-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (PTY) LTD P O BOX 15888 LYNN EAST 0039 REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

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