RFM02

RFM02 HOPE | Alldatasheet

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Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RFM02 Universal ISM Band FSK Transmitter

DESCRIPTION

Hope’s RFM02 is a single chip, low power, multi-channel FSK transmitter designed for use in applications requiring FCC or ETSI conformance for unlicensed use in the 433, 868, and 915 MHz bands. Used in conjunction with RF01, Hope’s FSK receiver, the RFM02 transmitter produces a flexible, low cost, and highly integrated solution that does not require production alignments. All required RF functions are integrated. Only an external crystal and bypass filtering are needed for operation. The RFM02 offering a higher output power and an improved phase noise characteristic. The RFM02 features a completely integrated PLL for easy RFM02 RF design, and its rapid settling time allows for fast frequency hopping, bypassing multipath fading and interference to achieve robust wireless links. In addition, highly stable and accurate FSK modulation is accomplished by direct closed-loop modulation with bit rates up to 115.2 kbps. The PLL’s high resolution allows the use of multiple channels in any of the bands. The integrated power amplifier of the transmitter has an open-collector differential output that directly drive a loop antenna with programmable output level. No additional matching network is required. An automatic antenna tuning circuit is built in to avoid costly trimming procedures and de-tuning due to the “hand effect”. For low-power applications, the device supports automatic activation from sleep mode. Active mode can be initiated by several wake-up events (on-chip timer timeout, low supply voltage detection).

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FEATURES

/circle6 Fully integrated (low BOM, easy design-in) /circle6 No alignment required in production /circle6 Fast settling, programmable, high-resolution PLL /circle6 Fast frequency hopping capability /circle6 Stable and accurate FSK modulation with programmable deviation /circle6 Programmable PLL loop bandwidth /circle6 Direct loop antenna drive /circle6 Automatic antenna tuning circuit /circle6 Programmable output power level /circle6 SPI bus for applications with microcontroller /circle6 Clock output for microcontroller /circle6 Integrated programmable crystal load capacitor /circle6 Multiple event handling options for wake-up activation /circle6 Wake-up timer /circle6 Low battery detection /circle6 2.2V to 5.4V supply voltage /circle6 Low power consumption /circle6 Low standby current (0.3 µA) /circle6 Transmit bit synchronization TYPICAL APPLICATIONS /circle6 Remote control /circle6 Home security and alarm /circle6 Wireless keyboard/mouse and other PC peripherals /circle6 Toy control /circle6 Remote keyless entry /circle6 Tire pressure monitoring /circle6 Telemetry /circle6 Personal/patient data logging /circle6 Remote automatic meter reading DETAILED FEATURE-LEVEL DESCRIPTION The RFM02 FSK transmitter is designed to cover the unlicensed frequency bands at 433, 868, and 915 MHz. The device facilitates compliance with FCC and ETSI requirements. PLL The programmable PLL synthesizer determines the operating frequency, while preserving accuracy based on the on-chip crystal-controlled reference oscillator. The PLL’s high resolution allows the usage of multiple channels in any of the bands. The FSK deviation is selectable (from 30 to 210 kHz with 30 kHz increments) to accommodate various bandwidth, data rate and crystal tolerance requirements, and it is also highly accurate due to the direct closed-loop modulation of the PLL. The transmitted digital data can be sent asynchronously through the FSK pin or over the control interface using the appropriate command. RF Power Amplifier (PA) The power amplifier has an open-collector differential output and can directly drive a loop antenna with a programmable output power level. An automatic antenna tuning circuit is built in to avoid costly trimming procedures and the so-called “hand effect.”

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com Crystal Oscillator The chip has a single-pin crystal oscillator circuit, which provides a 10 MHz reference signal for the PLL. To reduce external parts and simplify design, the crystal load capacitor is internal and programmable. Guidelines for selecting the appropriate crystal can be found later in this datasheet. The transmitters can supply the clock signal for the microcontroller, so accurate timing is possible without the need for a second crystal. When the chip receives a Sleep Command from the microcontroller and turns itself off, it provides several further clock pulses (“clock tail”) for the microcontroller to be able to go to idle or sleep mode. The length of the clock tail is programmable. Low Battery Voltage Detector The low battery voltage detector circuit monitors the supply voltage and generates an interrupt if it falls below a programmable threshold level. Wake-Up Timer The wake-up timer has very low current consumption (1.5 uA typical) and can be programmed from 1 ms to several days with an accuracy of ±5%. It calibrates itself to the crystal oscillator at every startup, and then every 30 seconds. When the oscillator is switched off, the calibration circuit switches on the crystal oscillator only long enough for a quick calibration (a few milliseconds) to facilitate accurate wake-up timing. Event Handling In order to minimize current consumption, the device supports sleep mode. Active mode can be initiated by several wake-up events: timeout of wake-up timer, detection of low supply voltage or through the serial interface. If any wake-up event occurs, the wake-up logic generates an interrupt, which can be used to wake up the microcontroller, effectively reducing the period the microcontroller has to be active. The cause of the interrupt can be read out from the transmitters by the microcontroller through the nIRQ pin. Interface An SPI compatible serial interface lets the user select the operating frequency band and center frequency of the synthesizer, polarity and deviation of FSK modulation, and output power level. Division ratio for the microcontroller clock, wake-up timer period, and low battery detector threshold are also programmable. Any of these auxiliary functions can be disabled when not needed. All parameters are set to default after power-on; the programmed values are retained during sleep mode.

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com PACKAGE PIN DEFINITIONS Pin type key: D=digital, A=analog, S=supply, I=input, O=output, IO=input/output Definition TYPE function FSK DI FSK data input CLK DO clock out for MCU (1 MHz-10 MHz) VDD S Positive power supply nIRQ DO Interrupts request output （active low ） SDI DI SPI data input SCK DI SPI clock input VSS S negative power supply, GND nSEL DI Chip select (active low) Typical application

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com GENERAL DEVICE SPECIFICATION All voltages are referenced to Vss , the potential on the ground reference pin VSS. Absolute Maximum Ratings (non-operating) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Vdd Positive supply voltage -0.5 6.0 V Vin Voltage on any pin except open collector outputs -0.5 Vdd+0.5 V Voc Voltage on open collector outputs -0.5 6.0 V Iin Input current into any pin except VDD and VSS -25 25 mA ESD Electrostatic discharge with human body model 1000 V Tst Storage temperature -55 125 ℃ Recommended Operating Range Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Vdd Positive supply voltage 2.2 5.4 V Voc Voltage on open collector outputs (Max 6.0 V) Vdd - 1 Vdd + 1 V Top Ambient operating temperature -40 85 ℃ ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION (Min/max values are valid over the whole recommended operating range, typ conditions: Top =27℃;V dd =V oc=2.7V) DC Characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions/Notes Min Typ Max Units Idd_TX_0 Supply current (TX mode, Pout =0dBm)

433 MHz band

868 MHz band

915 MHz band

Idd_TX_PMAX Supply current (TX mode, Pout =P max ) Ipd Standby current in sleep mode (Note 1) All blocks disabled 0.3 µA Iwt Wake-up timer current consumption 1.5 µA Ilb Low battery detector current consumption 0.5 µA Ix Idle current Only crystal oscillator is on 1.5 mA

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 Vlba Low battery detection accuracy +/-3 % Vlb Low battery detector threshold Programmable in

0.1 V steps

2.2 5.3 V Vil Digital input low level 0.3*Vdd V Vih Digital input high level 0.7*Vdd V Iil Digital input current Vil = 0 V -1 1 µA Iih Digital input current Vih = Vdd, Vdd = 5.4 V -1 1 µA Vol Digital output low level Iol = 2 mA 0.4 V Voh Digital output high level Ioh = -2 mA Vdd-0.4 V AC Characteristic Symbol Parameter Conditions/Notes Min Typ Max Units fref PLL reference frequency Crystal operation mode is parallel (Note 2) 9 10 11 MHz fo 433MHz band, 2.5kHz resolution 868MHz band, 5.0kHz resolution 915MHz band, 7.5kHz resolution 430.24 860.48 900.72 439.75 879.51 929.27 MHz tlock PLL lock time Frequency error < 10 kHz after

10 MHz step, POR default PLL

setting(Note 7) µs tsp PLL startup time After turning on from idle mode, with crystal oscillator already stable, POR default PLL setting (Note 7) 250 µs IOUT Open collector output current (Note 3) At all bands 0.5 6 mA PmaxL Available output power (433MHz band) With opt. antenna impedance (Note 4) dBm PmaxH Available output power (868 and 915 MHz band) With opt. antenna impedance (Note 4) dBm Pout Typical output power Selectable in 3 dB steps (Note Pmax -21 Pmax dBm Psp Spurious emission At max power with loop antenna (Note 5) -50 dBc

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 C o Output capacitance (set by the automatic antenna tuning circuit) At low bands At high bands 1.5 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.8 3.1 pF Q o Quality factor of the output capacitance 16 18 22 pF Lout Output phase noise 100 kHz from carrier

1 MHz from carrier (Note 7)

-85 -105 dBc/Hz BR FSK FSK bit rate (Note 7) 115.2 kbps dffsk FSK frequency deviation Programmable in 30 kHz steps 30 210 kHz C xl Crystal load capacitance See Crystal Selection Guidelines Programmable in 0.5 pF steps, tolerance +/-10% 8.5 16 pF tPOR Internal POR timeout (Note 6) After Vdd has reached 90% of final value ms tsx Crystal oscillator startup time Crystal ESR < 100 Ohms 1.5 5 ms tPBt Wake-up timer clock period Calibrated every 30 seconds 0.95 1.05 ms twake-up Programmable wake-up time 1 5 *1011 ms C in, D Digital input capacitance pF tr, f Digital output rise/fall time 15 pF pure capacitive load 10 ns Note 1: Using a CR2032 battery (225 mAh capacity), the expected battery life is greater than 2 years using a 60-second wake-up period for sending 50 byte packets in length at 19.2 kbps with +6 dBm output power in the 915 MHz band. Note 2: Using anything but a 10 MHz crystal is allowed but not recommended because all crystal-referred timing and frequency parameters will change accordingly. Note 3: Adjustable in 8 steps. Note 4: Optimal antenna admittance/impedance for the RFM02: Yantenna [S] Zantenna [Ohm] Lantenna [nH] 434 MHz 1.3E-3 - j6.3E-3 31 + j152 58.00 868 MHz 1.35E-3 - j1.2E-2 9 + j82 15.20 915 MHz 1.45E-3 - j1.3E-2 8.7 + j77 13.60 Note 5: With selective resonant antennas . Note 6: During this period, no commands are accepted by the chip. Note 7: The maximum FSK bitrate and the Output phase noise are dependent on the actual setting of the PLL Setting Command.

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA (RFM02) Phase noise measurements in the 868 MHz ISM band Unmodulated RF Spectrum The output spectrum is measured at different frequencies. The output is loaded with 50 Ohms through a matching network. Modulated RF Spectrum

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 Other Important Characteristics The antenna tuning characteristics was recorded in “max-hold” state of the spectrum analyzer. During the measurement, the transmitters were forced to change frequencies by forcing an external reference signal to the XTL pin. While the carrier was changing the antenna tuning circuit switched trough all the available states of the tuning circuit. The graph clearly demonstrates that while the complete output circuit had about a 40 MHz bandwidth, the tuning allows operating in a 220 MHz band. In other words the tuning circuit can compensate for 25% variation in the resonant frequency due to any process or manufacturing spread. CONTROL INTERFACE Commands to the transmitters are sent serially. Data bits on pin SDI are shifted into the device upon the rising edge of the clock on pin SCK whenever the chip select pin nSEL is low. When the nSEL signal is high, it initializes the serial interface. The number of bits sent is an integer multiple of 8. All commands consist of a command code, followed by a varying number of parameter or data bits. All data are sent MSB first (e.g. bit 15 for a 16-bit command). Bits having no influence (don’t care) are indicated with X. The Power On Reset (POR) circuit sets default values in all control and command registers. Timing Specification Symbol Parameter Minimum Value [ns] tCH Clock high time 25 tCL Clock low time 25 tSS Select setup time (nSEL falling edge to SCK rising edge) 10 tSH Select hold time (SCK falling edge to nSEL rising edge) 10 tSHI Select high time 25 tDS Data setup time (SDI transition to SCK rising edge) 5 tDH Data hold time (SCK rising edge to SDI transition) 5 tOD Data delay time 10

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 x3 x2 x1 x0 Crystal Load Capacitance [pF] 0 0 0 0 8.5 0 0 0 1 9.0 0 0 1 0 9.5 1 1 16.0 …… …… 1 1 1 0 15.5 Timing Diagram Control Commands Control Command Related Parameters/Functions Configuration Setting Command Frequency band, microcontroller clock output, crystal load capacitance, frequency deviation Power Management Command Crystal oscillator, synthesizer, power amplifier, low battery detector, wake-up timer, clock output buffer

3 Frequency Setting Command Carrier frequency

4 Data Rate Command Bit rate

5 Power Setting Command Nominal output power, OOK mode

6 Low Battery Detector Command Low battery threshold limit

7 Sleep Command Length of the clock tail after power down

8 Wake-Up Timer Command Wake-up time period

9 Data Transmit Command Data transmission

10 Status Register Command Transmitter status read

11 PLL Setting Command PLL bandwidth can be modified by this command

Note: In the following tables the POR column shows the default values of the command registers after power-on. 1. Configuration Setting Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 0 0 b1 b0 d2 d1 d0 x3 x2 x1 x0 ms m2 m1 m0 8080h b1 b0 Frequency Band [MHz] 0 1 433 1 0 868 1 1 915

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 d2 d1 d0 Clock Output Frequency [MHz] 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.25 0 1 0 1.66 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 2.5 1 0 1 3.33 1 1 0 5 1 1 1 10 The resulting output frequency can be calculated as: f = f0 – (-1) SIGN * (M + 1) * (30 kHz) out where: f0 is the channel center frequency (see the next command) M is the three bit binary number <m2 : m0> SIGN = (ms) XOR (FSK input) Note:

• Use M in a range from 0 to 6. 2. Power Management Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 a1 a0 ex es ea eb et dc C000h Bits 5-0, enable the corresponding block of the transmitters, i.e. the crystal oscillator is enabled by the ex bit, the synthesizer by es, the power amplifier by ea and the low battery detector by eb, while the wake-up timer by et. The bit dc disables the clock output buffer. When receiving the Data Transmit Command, the chip supports automatic on/off control over the crystal oscillator, the PLL and the PA. If bit a1 is set, the crystal oscillator and the synthesizer are controlled automatically. Data Transmit Command starts up the crystal oscillator and as soon as a stable reference frequency is available the synthesizer starts. After a subsequent delay to allow locking of the PLL, if a0 is set the power amplifier is turned on as well. Note: To enable the automatic internal control of the crystal oscillator, the synthesizer and the power amplifier, the corresponding bits (ex, es, ea) must be zero in the Power Management Command. The ex bit should be set in the Power Management Command for the correct control of es and ea. The oscillator can be switched off by clearing the ex bit after the transmission. The Sleep Command can be used to indicate the end of the data transmission process. For processing the events caused by the peripheral blocks (POR, LBD or wake-up timer) the chip requires operation of the crystal oscillator. This operation is fully controlled internally, independently from the status of the ex bit, but if the dc bit is zero, the oscillator remains active until Sleep Command is issued. (This command can be considered as an event controller reset.)

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 3. Frequency Setting Command Oscillator control logic bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 0 1 0 f11 f10 f9 f8 f7 f6 f5 f4 f3 f2 f1 f0 A7D0h The 12-bit parameter of the Frequency Setting Command <f11 : f0> has the value F. The value F should be in the range of 96 and 3903. When F is out of range, the previous value is kept. The synthesizer center frequency f0 can be calculated as: f0 = 10 MHz * C1 * (C2 + F/4000) The constants C1 and C2 are determined by the selected band as: Band [MHz] C1 C2 433 1 43 868 2 43 915 3 30 Note:

• For correct operation of the frequency synthesizer, the frequency and band of operation need to be programmed before the synthesizer is started. Directly after activation of the synthesizer, the RF VCO is calibrated to ensure proper operation in the programmed frequency band. 4. Data Rate Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 C800h The transmitted bit rate is determined by the 8-bit value R (bits < r7 : r0>) as: BR = 10 MHz / 29 / (R+1) Apart from setting custom values, the standard bit rates from 2.4 to 115.2 kbps can be approximated with minimal error. Note:
• PLL bandwidth should be set according the data rate. Please see the PLL Setting Command.

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 2 p1 p0 Output Power [dB] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -3 0 1 0 -6 0 1 1 -9 1 0 0 -12 1 0 1 -15 1 1 0 -18 1 1 1 -21 5. Power Setting Command bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 0 1 1 0 p2 p1 p0 B0h The output power is given in the table as relative to the maximum available power, which depends on the actual antenna impedance. 6. Low Battery Detector and TX Bit Synchronization Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 dwc 0 ebs t4 t3 t2 t1 t0 C200h Bit 7 <dwc> Disables the Wake-up timer periodical (every 30 second) calibration if this bit is set. Bit 5 <ebs> Enables the TX bit synchronization circuit. The data rate must be set by the Data Rate Command.5 The 5-bit value T of <t4 : t0> determines the threshold voltage V lb of the detector: V lb = 2.2 V + T * 0.1 V 7. Sleep Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 s7 s6 s5 s4 s3 s2 s1 s0 C400h The effect of this command depends on the Power Management Command. It immediately disables the power amplifier (if a0=1 and ea=0) and the synthesizer (if a1=1 and es=0). Stops the crystal oscillator

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 after S periods of the microcontroller clock (if a1=1 and ex=0) to enable the microcontroller to execute all necessary commands before entering sleep mode itself. The 8-bit value S is determined by bits <s7:s0>. 8. Wake-Up Timer Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 1 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 m7 m6 m5 m4 m3 m2 m1 m0 E000h The wake-up time period can be calculated as: Twake-up = M * 2R [ms], where M is defined by the <m7 : m0> digital value and R is defined by the <r4 : r0> digital value. Note:

• For continual operation the et bit should be cleared and set at the end of every cycle. 9. Data Transmit Command bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 This Command Indicates that the following bitstream coming in via the serial interface is to be transmitted. Note
• This command is not needed if the transmitters’ power management bits (ex, es and ea) are fully controlled by the microcontroller and TX data comes through the FSK pin.
• If the crystal oscillator was formerly switched off (ex=0), the internal oscillator needs t sx time, to switch on. The actual value depends on the type of quartz crystal used.
• If the synthesizer was formerly switched off (es=0), the internal PLL needs tsp startup time. Valid data can be transmitted only when the internal locking process is finished. Data Transmit Sequence Through the FSK Pin

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 Data Transmit Sequence Through the SDI Pin Note: Do not send CLK pulses with the TX data bits, otherwise they will be interpreted as commands. This mode is not SPI compatible. If the crystal oscillator and the PLL are running, the t sx+t sp delay is not needed. 10 . Status Register Read Command bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 POR 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- With this command, it is possible to read the chip’s status register through the nIRQ pin. This command clears the last serviced interrupt and processing the next pending one will start (if there is any). Status Register Read Sequence 11. PLL Setting Command PLL bandwidth can be selected by this command PLL command Max data rate [kbps] Phase noise at 1MHz offset [dbc/Hz] Comments D240h 19.2 -112 25%current D2C0h 38.4 -110 33%current D200h 68.9 -107 50%current D280h 115.2 -102 100%current

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 RX-TX ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES RX-TX frequency offset can be caused only by the differences in the actual reference frequency. To minimize these errors it is suggested to use the same crystal type and the same PCB layout for the crystal placement on the RX and TX PCBs. To verify the possible RX-TX offset it is suggested to measure the CLK output of both chips with a high level of accuracy. Do not measure the output at the XTL pin since the measurement process itself will change the reference frequency. Since the carrier frequencies are derived from the reference frequency, having identical reference frequencies and nominal frequency settings at the TX and RX side there should be no offset if the CLK signals have identical frequencies. It is possible to monitor the actual RX-TX offset using the AFC status report included in the status byte of the receiver. By reading out the status byte from the receiver the actual measured offset frequency will be reported. In order to get accurate values the AFC has to be disabled during the read by clearing the "en" bit in the AFC Control Command (bit 0). CRYSTAL SELECTION GUIDELINES The crystal oscillator of the RFM02 requires a 10 MHz parallel mode crystal. The circuit contains an integrated load capacitor in order to minimize the external component count. The internal load capacitance value is programmable from 8.5 pF to 16 pF in 0.5 pF steps. With appropriate PCB layout, the total load capacitance value can be 10 pF to 20 pF so a variety of crystal types can be used. When the total load capacitance is not more than 20 pF and a worst case 7 pF shunt capacitance (C0) value is expected for the crystal, the oscillator is able to start up with any crystal having less than 100 ohms ESR (equivalent series loss resistance). However, lower C0 and ESR values guarantee faster oscillator startup. It is recommended to keep the PCB parasitic capacitances on the XTL pin as low as possible. The crystal frequency is used as the reference of the PLL, which generates the RF carrier frequency (fc). Therefore fc is directly proportional to the crystal frequency. The accuracy requirements for production tolerance, temperature drift and aging can thus be determined from the maximum allowable carrier frequency error.

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 Maximum XTAL Tolerances Including Temperature and Aging [ppm] Whenever a low frequency error is essential for the application, it is possible to “pull” the crystal to the accurate frequency by changing the load capacitor value. The widest pulling range can be achieved if the nominal required load capacitance of the crystal is in the “midrange”, for example 16 pF. The “pull-ability” of the crystal is defined by its motional capacitance and C0 Note:

• There may be other requirements for the TX carrier accuracy with regards to the requirements as defined by standards and/or channel separations. EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS: DATA PACKET TRANSMISSION Data packet structure An example data packet structure using the RFM02X - RF01 pair for data transmission. This packet structure is an example of how to use the high efficiency FIFO mode at the receiver side:

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 The first 3 bytes compose a 24 bit length ‘01’ pattern to let enough time for the clock recovery of the receiver to lock. The next two bytes compose a 16 bit synchron pattern which is essential for the receiver’s FIFO to find the byte synchron in the received bit stream. The synchron patters is followed by the payload. The first byte transmitted after the synchron pattern (D0 in the picture above) will be the first received byte in the FIFO. Important: The bytes of the data stream should follow each other continuously, otherwise the clock recovery circuit of the receiver side will be unable to track. Further details of packet structures can be found in the RF ISM-UGSB1 software development kit manual

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 REFERENCE DESIGNS Schematic PCB layout Bottom view

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Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 Module Definition model=module-operation_band-package_type RFM02B -433-D module type operation band Package eg ：1，RFM02 module at 433MHz band, DIP : RFM02-433-D。 2，RFM02 module at 868MHz band, SMD, thickness at 4.2mm : RFM02-868-S1 。

Tel: +86 -755 -82973805 Fax: +86 -755 -82 E -mail: sales@hoperf.com http://ww w .hoperf.com RF M 02 HOPE MICROELECTRONICS CO.,LTD Add:4/F, Block B3, East Industrial Area, Huaqiaocheng, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Tel: 86-755-82973805 Fax: 86-755-82973550 Email: sales@hoperf.com Website: http://www.hoperf.com http://www.hoperf.cn http://hoperf.en.alibaba.com This document may contain preliminary information and is subject to change by Hope Microelectronics without notice. Hope Microelectronics assumes no responsibility or liability for any use of the information contained herein. Nothing in this document shall operate as an express or implied license or indemnity under the intellectual property rights of Hope Microelectronics or third parties. The products described in this document are not intended for use in implantation or other direct life support applications where malfunction may result in the direct physical harm or injury to persons. NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIN D, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTI ES OF MECHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A ARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE OFFERED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ©2006, HOPE MICROELECTRONICS CO.,LTD. All rights reserved.