PIP401

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Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 Product data VCC VRS TFL GND VOVI 003aaa198 1. Description The PIP401 is an OR-ing Intelligent Switch (ORIS), a dedicated power OR-ing device, that combines the simplicity of a diode with the efﬁciency of a MOSFET switch. The PIP401 will have optimum use in supply lines with up to 40 A loads. For higher currents, two or more PIP401 devices can be used in parallel. The intended application is parallel redundant power supply networks, where the PIP401 provides a high-efﬁciency alternative to a rectiﬁer diode. When the input voltage is greater than the output voltage, the PIP401 conducts with very low voltage drop. When the input voltage drops below the output voltage, the PIP401 switches off very quickly, blocking the ﬂow of reverse current. Remote sensing of the load voltage compensates for inductance in the power supply lines. A thermal indicator is provided to allow power supply shutdown or load reduction if the junction temperature exceeds 150°C. 2. Features ■ Very low voltage drop (typ 70 mV at 40 A) ■ Controlled turn-on ■ Fast turn-off ■ Remote sensing ■ Overtemperature ﬂag ■ Low thermal resistance ■ ESD protected ■ Surface mount package. 3. Applications ■ Compact PCI power supplies ■ Telecommunications equipment power supplies ■ High-reliability, parallel redundant power supply networks. 4. Ordering information Table 1: Ordering information Type number Package Name Description Version PIP401 D 2-PAK (7 lead) Plastic, single-ended surface mount package (Philips version of D 2-PAK); 7 leads (centre lead cropped). SOT427

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 3 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. The open-collector overtemperature ﬂag output (TFL) is fed back to the remote shutdown input of the protected supply. In a parallel redundant system, there will be at least one other protected supply feeding the system bus via another or-ing device.

7.1 Supply voltage

The PIP401 requires a supply voltage on VCC . The supply voltage must be at least

5 V greater than the voltage on VI in order to supply sufﬁcient drive voltage for the

series power switch. The maximum rated supply voltage is 20 V.

7.2 Voltage drop monitoring

7.2.1 Comparator

The comparator monitors the voltage between the input (VI) and the remote sense input (VRS). When the voltage on VI is greater than the voltage on VRS by more than a few millivolts, the comparator output goes HIGH, turning on the series power switch. When the voltage on VI is less than the voltage on VRS, the series power switch is turned off, blocking the ﬂow of reverse current between VO and VI.

7.2.2 Remote sense input

The remote sense input (VRS) provides a high impedance connection to the load, bypassing the power supply line inductance. This connection enables the PIP401 to respond immediately to voltage changes at the load, removing the effects of voltage transients induced in the power supply line inductance due to changes in load current. (1) C1 allows operation for a short time after the auxiliary supply to VCC fails. (2) D1 prevents reverse current ﬂow from VO into the auxiliary supply in the event of failure of the auxiliary supply. (3) R1 prevents charging of the input voltage due to current ﬂowing from VCC and out of VI. (4) VRS should be connected to VO at the load point. Direct connection between VRS and VO at the device pins should only be made if the distance between the PIP401 and the load is very short, less than 25 mm. Fig 2. Functional circuit diagram. VCC VRS GND system bus system bus ground power supply shutdown (open collector) auxiliary supply +20 V max input voltage from power supply system ground 03aj16 VOVI (100 Ω typ) (100 nF) TFL

7.3 Driver and series power switch

7.3.1 Soft turn-on

At switch on, the PIP401 turns on slowly to avoid current surges. These can cause oscillations in the output voltage and may cause the protected power supply to shut down. Typical turn-on time is 7µs.

7.3.2 Low voltage drop

The on-state characteristic of the PIP401 is shown inFigure 5. In the on-state, the PIP401 has very low voltage drop, typically 70 mV at 40 A, 25°C. This produces a power dissipation of 2.8 W. In comparison, a Schottky diode with a forward voltage drop of 320 mV would have a power dissipation of 12.8 W.

7.3.3 Low current operation

At low current levels, the voltage drop is only a few millivolts. This makes it difﬁcult for the comparator to determine when to switch off. The PIP401 overcomes this problem by backing off the gate drive to the series power switch at current levels below 2 A. The effect is to increase the resistance between VI and VO so that the voltage drop is maintained at a constant level of approximately 6 mV. This is above the minimum detectable threshold voltage of the comparator. This is shown inFigure 5 by the ﬂattening of the curves at low current.

7.3.4 Fast turn-off with no reverse current

When the input voltage (V I) falls below the remote sense input voltage (VRS ), the PIP401 switches off very quickly, blocking the ﬂow of reverse current.Figure 3shows switching waveforms from an initial forward current of 20 A. Note the smooth ramp down of current from 20 A with no reverse current ﬂow and minimum disruption of the output voltage. Total turn-off time is less than 400 ns. The gate drive circuit in the PIP401 is referenced to VI. When the input voltage is less than the remote sense voltage, current ﬂows into V CC and out of VI. The maximum current is 35 mA. In order to prevent charging of the output capacitors of the protected supply connected to VI, a 100 W resistor should be connected between VI and GND. This is shown as R1 inFigure 2.

7.4 Overtemperature ﬂag

In the event of failure of the supply to VCC , the series power switch turns off and the forward voltage drop increases from a few millivolts to approximately 0.7 V. The power dissipation in the PIP401 increases causing the junction temperature to rise. A temperature detection circuit with an open-collector output is provided, that can be used to generate a warning signal for the power supply. The temperature ﬂag operates at a typical junction temperature of 160°C. A pull-up resistor of at least 1 kΩ is required between TFL and V CC . The temperature ﬂag is intended to operate under fault conditions. The PIP401 should not be run continuously at junction temperatures above 150°C. Fig 3. Turn-off waveforms. Input voltage (VI) Output current (IO ) (5A/ division) Bus voltage (VO ) 03aj18 Timebase (100ns/ division)

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 6 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 8. Limiting values [1] Assumes a thermal resistance from junction to mounting base of 0.65 K/W. [2] The PIP401 meets class 2 for Human Body Model and Machine Model (JEDEC). Table 3: Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134).All voltages measured with respect to GND. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit VCC positive supply voltage −0.3 +20 V VI input voltage VO open circuit; VI ≤ VCC −0.3 +20 V VO output voltage V I = 0 V; VO ≤ VCC −0.3 +20 V VVRS remote sense voltage V VRS ≤ VCC −0.3 +20 V VTFL temperature ﬂag voltage V TFL ≤ VCC −0.3 +20 V ITFL temperature ﬂag current - 20 mA PTFL temperature ﬂag dissipation - 100 mW II, IO continuous input or output current Tmb ≤ 136 °C [1] -7 5A IOM peak output current t p ≤ 10 µs - 400 A Tstg storage temperature −55 +150 °C Tj junction temperature −40 +150 °C Vesd electrostatic discharge voltage human body model; C = 100 pF; R = 1500Ω [2] - 2000 V machine model; C = 200 pF; R=1 0 Ω ; L = 0.75µH - 200 V

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 7 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 9. Thermal characteristics

9.1 Transient thermal impedance

Table 4: Thermal characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit R th(j-mb) thermal resistance from junction to mounting base Figure 4 - 0.5 0.65 K/W R th(j-a) thermal resistance from junction to ambient mounted on glass-epoxy circuit board with 25 mm x 25 mm copper area under mounting base, thermal vias and forced air cooling; airﬂow = 0.8 ms (150 LFM). - 15 - K/W mounted on glass-epoxy circuit board with minimum footprint area - 50 - K/W Fig 4. Transient thermal impedance from junction to mounting base as a function of pulse duration. 03af37 10-3 10-2 10-1 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 tp (s) Zth(j-mb) (K/W) single pulse δ = 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 tp tp T P t Tδ =

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 8 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 10. Characteristics [1] When the input supply fails, the voltage on VI can fall to zero. However, the voltage on VRS must be at least 1.3 V for the comparator to operate and turn off the series power switch. [2] In the off-state, the majority of the supply current into VCC ﬂows out of VI. [3] ΔVON =V I-V O . Table 5: Characteristics VCC =1 5V ; VI= 5 V; VRS connected to VO;−40 °C ≤ Tj≤ +150 °C unless otherwise speciﬁed. All voltages measured with respect to GND. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit VCC supply voltage V I + 5 15 20 V VI input voltage on-state; V I≥ VVRS [1] 1.3 5 V CC − 5V VVRS remote sense voltage 0 5 V CC V ΔVON on-state voltage I O = 40 A; Tj=2 5°C; Figure 5 -7 0 8 0 m V VF off-state forward voltage VCC =0V ; IO =4 0A ; Tj=2 5°C - 0.85 1 V ICC supply current on-state; VO open circuit; VI≥ VVRS - 3 10 mA off-state; VO open circuit; VI<V VRS [2] -1 6 3 5 m A II input current on-state; VO open circuit; 0 ≤ VI≤ VCC - 0.1 10 mA off-state; VO open circuit; 0 ≤ VI≤ VCC [2] −35 -16 - mA IVRS remote sense current 0 ≤ VI≤ VCC −2 +0.1 +2 mA TTFL ﬂag trip temperature - 160 - °C ILR(VO) reverse leakage current into VO VCC =0V ; VO =1 5V ; VI=0V - 10 500 nA ton turn-on time V I=0Vt o5V ; IO =5A 3 7 - µs toff turn-off time V I=5Vt o0V ; IO = 5 A 100 200 300 ns Ls internal source inductance - 2 - nH

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 9 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 11. Application information

11.1 Parallel redundant operation

Figure 7 shows a typical parallel redundant power supply system. Two 5 V system power supplies are connected via PIP401 devices to a shared load. An auxiliary supply provides the PIP401 devices with 12 V. Power supplies with forced current sharing capability are ideal for this application. The remote connection to each PIP401 is taken from a point close to the load in order to compensate for the effects VCC =1 5V ; VI=5V (1) Tj= 125°C (2) Tj=2 5°C (3) Tj= −40 °C VCC = 15 V; VI=5V ; IO ≥ 2A Fig 5. On-state characteristic; typical values. Fig 6. Normalized on-state voltage drop factor as a function of junction temperature. 03aj17 100 150 0 1 02 03 04 0 IO (A) ΔVON (mV) (1) (2) (3) 03af18 0.5 1.5 -60 0 60 120 180 Tj (°C) a a Δ V ON Δ V ON 25 °C() Fig 7. PIP401 used in parallel redundant power supply network. VCC VRS GND LOAD 03ah73 5 V SUPPL Y 12 V AUXILIARY SUPPL Y 5 V SUPPL Y cable inductance VOVI TFL VCC VRS GND cable inductance VOVI TFL

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 10 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. of line inductance. The VRS connection may be connected directly to VO if the circuit inductance is negligible. In general, this means that the distance between the PIP401 and the load must be less than 25 mm. Assume that the 12 V supply to V CC is present but both 5 V supplies are off. In this condition, with no voltage between input and output, both PIP401 devices will be off. If one of the 5 V supplies is turned on, the comparator output in the associated PIP401 will go HIGH, slowly turning on the series power switch (soft start). The series power switch in the other PIP401 will remain off, preventing current from ﬂowing from output to input. If both 5 V supplies are on, and the power supplies have forced current sharing capability, then both PIP401 devices will be on. If the power supplies do not have forced current sharing capability then the supply with the highest output voltage will tend to supply all the load current. If the difference in output voltage is greater than a few millivolts, then the PIP401 device connected to the power supply with the highest output voltage will be on, and the PIP401 device connected to the power supply with the lowest output voltage will be off. Remote voltage sensing is not usually a feature of this topology of parallel redundant operation. This is because the remote sense lines provide an alternative path for fault currents when one of the power supplies fails. Therefore, in order to maintain good load regulation, the PIP401 must have a low forward voltage drop under normal operating conditions. The typical on-state voltage drop of the PIP401 is 70 mV at 40 A. Two or more PIP401 devices may be connected in parallel in order to reduce this further.

11.2 Fault condition

With reference toFigure 7, assume that both 5 V power supplies are supplying current to the load. Assume that one of the supplies fails and its output voltage collapses to zero. The voltage on the output terminal of the PIP401 drops from 5 V to zero and goes slightly negative as the voltage across the line inductance reverses in order to maintain current ﬂow. At the instant that the power supply fails, the PIP401 detects that the voltage on VI is less than the voltage on the remote sense connection VRS. The drive voltage to the series power switch is immediately turned off, but the series power switch takes up to a further 300 ns to switch off completely. During this delay time, the current decreases from its initial value to zero at a rate determined by the bus voltage and the line inductance. If the PIP401 turns off completely before the current reaches zero, then there is no reverse current ﬂow. On the other hand, if the rate of fall of current is very high, current will ﬂow from VO to VI until the PIP401 turns off completely. The peak reverse fault current depends on the magnitude of the line inductance and the initial load current.

11.3 Overtemperature detection

Figure 8 shows how the thermal ﬂag output of the PIP401 is used to shut down a power supply in the event of overtemperature. In this circuit, there are pull-up resistors from TFL to both the 5 V and 12 V supplies.

11.3.1 On-state

The overtemperature ﬂag can be used to detect excessive load current. The overtemperature ﬂag will operate when the power dissipation due to load current is sufﬁcient to raise the junction temperature to approximately 160°C. The typical on-state voltage of the PIP401 at 25°C is 70 mV. To calculate the on-state voltage at 160 °C, the 25°C value is multiplied by the normalized on-state voltage factor given inFigure 6. This factor is 1.6 giving an on-state voltage at 160°C of 112 mV. Using a thermal resistance from junction to ambient of 15 K/W and an ambient temperature of 55 °C, the overtemperature ﬂag will operate when the current exceeds: (1) One possible use of the overtemperature ﬂag is to detect failure of the cooling fan, in applications where forced air cooling is used. If the thermal resistance from junction to ambient is higher, then the temperature ﬂag will operate at a lower value of output current.

11.3.2 Off-state

CC fails as a result of a fault in the auxiliary supply, this will cause the PIP401 to turn off, and the voltage drop to increase from a few millivolts to approximately 0.7 V. The increased dissipation in the PIP401 will cause its junction temperature to rise. Taking a junction to ambient thermal resistance of 15 K/W and an ambient temperature of 55°C, the overtemperature ﬂag will operate when the dissipation in the PIP401 is greater than: (2) Fig 8. Overtemperature detection. VCC VRS GND LOAD 03ah74 5 V SUPPL Y shutdown 12 V SUPPL Y VOVI 2.2 kΩ kΩ TFL IO T TFL T amb– P tot 160 55–

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 12 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. The voltage drop across the PIP401 in the off state is approximately 0.7 V. Therefore, the overtemperature ﬂag will operate if the current through the PIP401 is greater than 10 A. If the thermal resistance from junction to ambient is higher, then the temperature ﬂag will operate at a lower value of output current.

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 13 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 12. Package outline Fig 9. SOT427 (D2-PAK). REFERENCESOUTLINE VERSION EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE IEC JEDEC EIAJ SOT427 0 2.5 5 mm scale Plastic single-ended surface mounted package (Philips version of D2-PAK); 7 leads (one lead cropped) SOT427 ee e e ee E b A A 1 Lpbc eAUNIT DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) E mm 4.50 4.10 1.40 1.27 0.85 0.60 0.64 0.46 2.90 2.10 H D 15.80 14.80 Q 2.60 2.20 10.30 9.70 D 1 1.60 1.20 1.27 D max. mounting base D 1 H D D Q Lp c 99-06-25 01-04-18

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 14 of 16 9397 750 10578 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. 13. Revision history Table 6: Revision history Rev Date CPCN Description 03 20021105 - Product data (9397 750 10578) Modiﬁcations:

Typ and Max values of forward voltage VF changed inTable 5 andSection 7.3.2
Graphic changed inFigure 5
Typical on-state voltage drop of the ORIS changed inSection 11.1
Flag operating temperature added toTable 5.
R th(j-a) with airﬂow added toTable 4.
Block diagram changedFigure 1.
Limiting valuesTable 3. Power dissipation (Ptot) rating removed. Minimum voltage ratings changed from -0.5 V to -0.3 V. Normalized power dissipation and normalized output current ﬁgures removed.
Characteristics: Off-state characteristic curve removed. 02 20020828 - Product data (9397 750 10157) Modiﬁcations:
Speciﬁcation status changed from “Objective data” to “Product data”
Typ and Max values of forward voltage VF changed inTable 5 andSection 7.3.2
Graphic changed inFigure 5
Typical on-state voltage drop of the ORIS changed inSection 11.1 01 20020621 - Objective data (9397 750 09971)

Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 15 of 16 9397 750 10578 Philips Semiconductors PIP401 OR-ing Intelligent Switch © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. All rights reserved. Product data Rev. 03 — 5 November 2002 15 of 16 Contact information For additional information, please visithttp://www.semiconductors.philips.com. 14. Data sheet status [1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. [2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. [3] For data sheets describing multiple type numbers, the highest-level product status determines the data sheet status. 15. Deﬁnitions Short-form speciﬁcation —The data in a short-form speciﬁcation is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values deﬁnition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the speciﬁcation is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the speciﬁed use without further testing or modiﬁcation. 16. Disclaimers Life support —These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes —Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes in the products - including circuits, standard cells, and/or software - described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. When the product is in full production (status ‘Production’), relevant changes will be communicated via a Customer Product/Process Change Notiﬁcation (CPCN). Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no licence or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise speciﬁed. Level Data sheet status[1] Product status[2][3] Deﬁnition I Objective data Development This data sheet contains data from the objective speciﬁcation for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the speciﬁcation in any manner without notice. II Preliminary data Qualiﬁcation This data sheet contains data from the preliminary speciﬁcation. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the speciﬁcation without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. III Product data Production This data sheet contains data from the product speciﬁcation. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Relevant changes will be communicated via a Customer Product/Process Change Notiﬁcation (CPCN).

© Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002. Printed in The Netherlands All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Date of release: 5 November 2002 Document order number: 9397 750 10578

PIP401 specifications and overview.

Summary

OR-ing Intelligent Switch Rev. 03-5 November 2002

Description