NQ04012VMA15NVN

NQ04009VMA15NRS SYNQOR | Alldatasheet

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Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 1 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter The NiQor SIP DC/DC converter is a non-isolated buck regulator, which employs a fixed switching fre- quency and synchronous rectification to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency. The NiQor family of converters are used predominately in DPA systems using a front end DC/DC high power brick (48Vin to low voltage bus). The non-isolated NiQor converters are then used at the point of load to cre- ate the low voltage outputs required by the design. The wide trim module can be programmed to a vari- ety of output voltages through the use of a single resistor. 16Amp, wide ouput range, Non-Isolated DC/DC Converter NiQor vertical mount SIP module Mechanical Features

Industry standard SIP pin-out configuration Industry standard size: 2.0” x 0.55” x 0.29 (50.8 x 14 x 7.3mm) Total weight: 0.30 oz. (9.4 g), lower mass greatly reduces vibration and shock problems Open frame construction maximizes air flow cooling Available in both vertical and horizontal mountingSafety Features UL 1950 recognized (US & Canada) TUV certified to EN60950 Meets 72/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives which facilitates CE Marking in user’s end product Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flam- mability requirements Operational Features Ultra-high efficiency, up to 94% full load, 95% half Delivers 16 amps of output current with minimal der- ating - no heatsink required Input voltage range: 3.0 - 5.5V Programmable output voltages from 0.85 - 3.6V Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI performance Fast transient response time On-board input and output filter capacitor No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required Protection Features Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions Temperature compensated over-current shutdown protects converter from excessive load current or short circuits Output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages (>4.4V) Thermal shutdown Control Features On/Off control Output voltage trim (industry standard) permits custom voltages and voltage margining Remote sense (standard option) Fixed output voltage 15A modules available (0.9V - 3.3V) Non-IsolatedNon-Isolated * Final datasheet pending ECO review and signature.

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 2 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter Pin No. Name Function

1 Vout(+) Positive output voltage

2 Vout(+) Positive output voltage

3 SENSE(+) Positive remote sense

4 Vout(+) Positive output voltage

5 Common

A I share Current share*

6 Common

7 Vin(+) Positive input voltage

8 Vin(+) Positive input voltage

10 TRIM 1 Output voltage trim (trim-up only)

11 ON/OFF 2 LOGIC input to turn the converter

on and off. NOTES 2) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy Finish - Tin over Nickel plate 3) Vertical, horizontal, vertical with reverse pins and surface mount options (future) available. 4) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 6) All dimensions in inches (mm) 7) Weight: 0.30 oz. (9.4 g) typical 8) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II 0.000 (0.00) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08) 0.300 (7.62) 0.400 (10.16) 1.300 (33.02) 1.400 (35.56) 1.500 (38.10) 1.600 (40.64) 1.800 (45.72) 1.900 (48.26) 0.550 (13.97) 0.160 (4.06) 0.050 (1.27) 0.288 (7.32)

0.315 Max

(8.0 Max) 0.120 (3.05) 0.025 + 0.003 (0.64 + 0.076) SQ. Typ. 0.050 (1.27) 2.00 (50.8) 12 3 45 678 A 10 11 Front View Vertical Mount Side View PIN DESIGNATIONS MECHANICAL DIAGRAM Ref. Pin Connection Notes: 1. Pin 10 - for fixed resistors, connect between Trim and Common (Ground). 2. Pin 11 - see section on Remote ON/OFF pin for descrip- tion of enable logic options. Pins in Italics Shaded text are Optional * Contact factory for availability of current share modules. 0.040 PCB Ref. (1.02)

0.197 Max

(5.0 Max) 0.185 (4.7)

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 3 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter 0.000 (0.00) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08) 0.300 (7.62) 0.400 (10.16) 1.300 (33.02) 1.400 (35.56) 1.500 (38.10) 1.600 (40.64) 1.800 (45.72) 1.900 (48.26) 0.550 (13.97) 0.050 (1.27) 0.288 (7.32) (8.0 Max)

0.128 Min

(3.25 Min) 0.330 (8.38) 0.050 (1.27) 2.00 (50.8) 12 3 45 678 A 10 11 MECHANICAL DIAGRAM Ref. Front View Horizontal Mount Side View 0.000 (0.00) 0.100 (2.54) 0.200 (5.08) 0.300 (7.62) 0.400 (10.16) 1.300 (33.02) 1.400 (35.56) 1.500 (38.10) 1.600 (40.64) 1.800 (45.72) 1.900 (48.26) 0.550 (13.97) 0.050 (1.27) 0.288 (7.32) (8.0 Max) 0.120 (3.05) 0.160 (4.06) 0.050 (1.27) 2.00 (50.8) 12 3 45 678 A 10 11 Ref. Front View Vertical Mount Reversed Pins Side View 0.058 +.008 (1.47 +.20) See note on Thermal Considerations in Applications section. (5.0 Max) 0.185 (4.7) 0.040 PCB Ref. (1.02) (5.0 Max) 0.185 (4.7) 0.040 PCB Ref. (1.02) 0.025 + 0.003 (0.64 + 0.076) SQ. Typ. 0.025 + 0.003 (0.64 + 0.076) SQ. Typ.

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 4 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter Parameter Setpoint Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating All 6.0 V continuous Operating All 3.0 5.5 V continuous Operating Transient Protection All 7.0 V 100ms transient Operating Temperature All -40 105 °C Storage Temperature All -55 125 °C Voltage at ON/OFF input pin (N, O options) All -3 6.5 V Negative and Negative/Open logic Voltage at ON/OFF input pin (P option) All -0.5 Vin + 0.3 V Positive/Open logic INPUT CHARACTERISTICS 3.3V 4.5 5.0 5.5 V Input Under-Voltage Lockout 1 Turn-On Voltage Threshold 3.3V 4.1 4.3 4.5 V Turn-Off Voltage Threshold 3.3V 3.5 3.7 4.0 V 1.0V 7.4\\5.0 A (+10%), full temp range, for all voltages. 1.2V 8.7\\5.8 A 1.5V 10.4\\7.0 A 1.8V 12.2\\8.2 A 2.5V 16.3\\11.0 A 3.3V 14.2 A 3.3Vout at 4.5Vin only No-Load Input Current (3.3Vin) 0.9-2.5V 80 105 mA No-Load Input Current (5.0Vin) 0.9-2.5V 100 130 mA 3.3V 80 105 mA Disabled Input Current 0.9-2.5V 15 25 mA 3.3V 10 20 mA Inrush Current Transient Rating All 0.1 A 2s Response to Input Transient (3.3Vin) 0.9V 130 mV/V 50mV/ µs input transient (all) 2.5V 250 mV/V Response to Input Transient (5.0 Vin) 0.9V 75 mV/V 3.3V 200 mV/V Input Reflected-Ripple Current (3.3Vin) 0.9-1.8V 215 mA pk-pk through 1 µH inductor; 2.5V 135 mA Figs. 26, 29-30 Input Reflected-Ripple Current (5.0Vin) 0.9,1.0V 175 mA pk-pk through 1 µH inductor; 1.2,3.3V 200 mA Figs. 26, 29-30 1.5-2.5V 235 mA 2.5V 2.2 A Figs. 26-28 1.2,1.5V 3.2 A Figs. 26-28 1.8,2.5V 3.7 A 3.3V 3.2 A Recommended Input Fuse All 20 A fast blow external fuse recommended Input Filter Capacitor Value All 40 µF internal ceramic Input Ripple Voltage (3.3Vin) 0.9,2.5V 135 mV RMS, full load, 200µF/50mΩ input cap. 1.0-1.8V 150 mV see Fig. 26 Input Ripple Voltage (5.0Vin) 0.9-1.2V 120 mV RMS, full load, 200µF/50mΩ input cap. 1.5,1.8V 140 mV see Fig. 26 2.5,3.3V 150 mV Recommended External Input Capacitance 2 All 200 µF net 50m Ω ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS - NQ04T33VMA16 Series Vin=3.3Vdc and 5.0Vdc except 3.3V out units where V in=5.0V; TA=25°C, airflow rate=300 LFM unless otherwise noted; full operating tem- perature range is -40°C to +105°C ambient temp with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 5 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter Parameter Setpoint Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point 6 (50% load) 0.9V 0.884 0.900 0.917 V see trim equation 1.0V 0.984 1.000 1.019 V 1.2V 1.181 1.200 1.221 V 1.5V 1.477 1.500 1.526 V 1.8V 1.773 1.800 1.831 V 2.5V 2.461 2.500 2.543 V Output Voltage Regulation Over Line All +0.1 +0.2 % Over Load 0.9V +0.5 % with sense pin 3.3V +0.2 % with sense pin Over Temperature All +4.5 % except + 5.0% at less than 0.9V Total Output Voltage Range 0.9V 0.859 0.940 V with sense pin, over sample, line, load, 1.0V 0.957 1.044 V temperature & life (all) 1.2V 1.150 1.250 V 1.5V 1.438 1.563 V 1.8V 1.727 1.875 V 2.5V 2.397 2.605 V 3.3V 3.152 3.444 V Output Voltage Ripple & Noise (3.3Vin) All 15\\6 35\\12 pk-pk\\RMS; full load, 20MHz bandwidth; Output Voltage Ripple & Noise (5.0Vin) All 25\\9 60\\20 mV Figs 26, 31-32 Operating Output Current Range All 0 16 A Output DC Over-Current Shutdown 3 All 17 25 40 A Maximum Output Capacitance 2,4 All 4,000 µF Derate startup load current per Fig. 25 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection (3.3Vin) 0.9V 51 dB 120 Hz; Figure 39 2.5V 37 dB Input Voltage Ripple Rejection (5.0Vin) 0.9V 56 dB 120 Hz; Figure 40 3.3V 39 dB Output Voltage during Load Current Transient For a Step Change Iout=0.1A/µs (3.3Vin\\5Vin) All 90\\70 mV 50%-75%-50% Iout max, 10µF, Fig 15,17 For a Step Change Iout=3A/µs (3.3Vin\\5Vin) All 70\\60 mV 50%-75%-50% Iout max, 470µF, Fig 16,18 Settling Time (3.3Vin\\5Vin) All 140\\40 µs to within 1.5% Vout nom., Fig 15-18 Turn-On Transient Load current & capacitance per Fig. 25 Turn-On Time All 5.5 6.8 8.5 ms Enable to Vout=100% nom., Figs 19-22 3.3V 1.5 2.5 4.3 ms 3.3V 2.6 3.9 5.7 ms Output Voltage Overshoot All 0 % Resistive load, up to 4,000 µF EFFICIENCY 100% Load (3.3Vin\\5Vin) 0.9V 84.5/83 % Figures 1-4 1.0V 85.5/84.5 % 1.2V 87.5/86.5 % 1.5V 89.5/88.5 % 1.8V 91/90 % 2.5V 93.5/92.5 % 3.3V 94 % ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ04T33VMA16 Series

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 6 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) - NQ04T33VMA16 Series Parameter ModuleP Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions EFFICIENCY (cont.) 50% Load (3.3Vin\\5Vin) 0.9V 89/87 % Figures 1-4 1.0V 89.5/88 % 1.2V 91/89.5 % 1.5V 92.5/91 % 1.8V 93.5/92 % 2.5V 95.5/94 % 3.3V 95 % TEMP. LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING Semiconductor Junction Temperature 5 All 125 °C Package rated to 150°C; Figs 5-14 Board Temperature5 All 125 °C UL rated max operating temp 130°C FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency All 265 300 330 kHz may decrease by up to 30 kHz at -40°C Negative Logic (N, O) ON/OFF Control Figure A, page 16 Off-State Voltage All 1.5 6.5 V On-State Voltage All -3 0.6 V Pull-Up Voltage (N logic only) All 2/3 Vin V Pull-Up Resistance (N logic only) All 6.7 k Ω Input Resistance (O logic only) All 20 k Ω Positive Logic (P) ON/OFF Control Open collector/drain input; Figure A Logic Low Voltage Range All -0.2 1 V Logic High Voltage Range (internal pullup) All 2.2 Vin V Logic Low sink current All 300 Vin/10K 550 µA Logic High sink current (leakage) All 10 µA Output Voltage Trim Range 1,6,8 All 0.85 3.6 V Measured Vout+ to common pins; Table 1 Output Voltage Remote Sense Range 1,7,8 All +10 % Measured Vout+ to common pins Output Over-Voltage Protection 8 All 3.75 4.05 4.35 V Over full temp range Over-Temperature Shutdown All 120 °C Average PCB Temperature Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis All 5 °C RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) All 10.1 10 6 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 15A load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) All 6.6 10 6 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 15A load, 200LFM, 40oC Ta Field Demonstrated MTBF All 10 6 Hrs. See website for latest values Note 1: Maintain a minimum of 0.4V headroom between input and output voltage to meet performance specifications. Unit will perform as the model with the output voltage that it is trimmed to. Note 2 : Tantalum or similar with additional ceramic as needed to reduce ripple current in external input capacitors. See Figure 26. W hen using more than 1000µF of output capacitance, input filter inductor should be reduced to < 0.3µH or input capacitance should be increased to match output capacitance. Consult factory for more demanding applications. Also refer to Application Considerations section of this datasheet. Note 3 : The over-current shutdown threshold for a short over-current pulse can be as high as 50A when trimming up a wide trim unit ab ove 1.2V. Note 4: When trimming a 0.9V unit to less than 0.88V with more than 1000µF of output capacitance, consult factory for trim circuit re commendations. This also applies to trimming a 1.0V unit below 0.95V. Note 5 : Power derating curves are measured using an evaluation board consisting of 6 layers of 2 ounce copper. Note 6: Wide trim option unit has a setpoint of 0.753V and a trim range of 0.85V-3.6V. Note 7: In remote sense applications, when trimming down, the trim-down resistor should be connected to the sense pin for more accura te trimming results. Note 8: User should allow sufficient transient response headroom between the module’s local output and the minimum OVP threshold.

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 7 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter STANDARDS COMPLIANCE ParameterP Notes STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL/cUL 60950 File # E194341 EN60950 Certified by TUV 72/23/EEC 93/68/EEC Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant IEC 61000-4-2 ESD test, 8kV - NP, 15kV air - NP (Normal Performance) GR-1089-CORE Section 7 - electrical safety, Section 9 - bonding/grounding Telcordia (Bellcore) GR-513 An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website. QUALIFICATION TESTING ParameterP # Units Test Conditions QUALIFICATION TESTING Life Test 42 95% rated V in and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours Vibration 5 10-55Hz sweep, 0.060” total excursion,1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis Mechanical Shock 5 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis Temperature Cycling 10 -40°C to 100°C, unit temp. ramp 15°C/min., 500 cycles Power/Thermal Cycling 5 T operating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Design Marginality 5 T min-10°C to Tmax+10°C, 5°C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load Humidity 5 85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5min./day Solderability 15 pins MIL-STD-883, method 2003 Extensive characterization testing of all SynQor products and manufacturing processes is performed to ensure that we supply robust, reliable product. Contact factory for official product family qualification document. OPTIONS SynQor provides various options for Packaging, Enable Logic, Pin Length and Feature Set for this family of DC/DC converters. Please consult the last page of this specification sheet for infor- mation on available options. PATENTS SynQor is protected under various patents, including but not lim- ited to U.S. Patent numbers: 5,999,417; 6,222,742 B1; 6,594,159 B2; 6,545,890 B2.

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 16 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES The NiQor series non-isolated converter uses a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The NiQor modules employ synchro- nous rectification for very high efficiency. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink or metal baseplate for operation. The NiQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a single PCB substrate. The NiQor series of SIPs and SMT converters uses the estab- lished industry standard footprint and pin-out configurations. CONTROL FEATURES REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 11) : The ON/OFF input, Pin 11, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. There are currently two options available for the ON/OFF input described in the table below. (contact factory for other options) Figure A is a schematic view of the internal ON/OFF circuitry. OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 10) : The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage according to the trim range specifications by using an external resistor. If the TRIM feature is not being used, leave the TRIM pin disconnected. TRIM (wide trim output unit) : The output voltage of the NQ04T33 module can be programmed to any voltage from 0.85 to 3.6V by connecting a single external resistor R trim between Pin 10 (TRIM) and the Common Ground Pins. To acheive a desired output voltage Vout, the value of the resistor should be: For example, to program an output voltage of 3.3V, the R trim resistor value is calculated as follows: Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. PROTECTION FEATURES Input Under-Voltage Lockout : The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled “Input System Instability”. The lockout cir- cuitry is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input volt- age is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input volt- age must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Over Current Shutdown : The converter uses the control (high-side) MOSFET on-resistance to detect short circuit or excessive over-current conditions. The converter compensates for the temperature variation of the MOSFET on-resistance, keeping the overcurrent threshold roughly constant over tem- perature. Very short (<1mS) over-current pulses will see a slightly higher apparent threshold than longer duration over- current events. This makes the converter less susceptible to shut- down from transient load conditions. However, once the over- current threshold is reached the converter ceases PWM opera- tion within microseconds. After an over-current shutdown, the converter will remain off for an inhibit period of 18 to 32 mil- liseconds, and then attempt a soft-start. Depending on the impedance or current level of the overload condition, the con- verter will enter a "hiccup mode" where it repeatedly turns on Option Description Pin-Open Converter s tate Pin Action N Logic Negative Off Pull Low = On O Logic Negative/Open On Pull High = Off P Logic Positive/Open On Pull Low = Off Rtrim = (Ω)_ 5110 21070 VOUT _ 0.7525 Figure A: Simplified Schematic of internal ON/OFF circuitry Vin ON/OFF Negative Logic (N,O) Positive Logic (P) ON/OFF Vin 20K 10K 10K 15K 20K PWM Enable (N logic only) PWM Enable

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 17 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter and off at a frequency of 25 to 50 Hz, until the overload or short circuit condition is removed. Output Over-Voltage Limit : If the voltage across the output pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents dam- age to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a cur- rent limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 2-4 ms, the converter will automatically restart. Note the wide trim model has a typical OVP threshold of 4.1V. Over-Temperature Shutdown : A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value. APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Input and Output Filtering : SynQor recommends an exter- nal input capacitor of either a tantalum, polymer or aluminum electrolytic type on the input of the NQ03/NQ04 series non- isolated converters. This capacitance and resistance primarily provides damping of the input filter, reduces the source imped- ance and guarantees input stability (see SynQor application note "Input System Instability"). The input filter is formed by any source or wiring inductance and the converter’s input capaci- tance. The external capacitance also provides an additional benefit of ripple voltage reduction. A modest sized capacitor would suffice in most conditions, such as a 330 µF, 16V tantalum, with an ESR of approximately 50 mΩ. The NiQor family converters have an internal ceramic input capacitor to reduce ripple current stress on the external capacitors. An external ceramic capacitor of similar size (330 µF) with a series resistor of approximately 50 m Ω would also suffice and would provide the filter damping. Additional ceramic capacitance may be needed on the input, in parallel with the tantalum capacitor, to relieve ripple current stress on the tantalum capacitors. The external capacitance forms a current divider with the 40 µF internal ceramic capaci- tance. At 300 kHz., the impedance of the internal capacitance is about 15m Ω capacitive. At that frequency, an SMT 330 µF tantalum capacitor would have an impedance of about 50m Ω resistive, essentially just the ESR. In this example, at full load, that would stress the tantalum input capacitor to about 3A rms ripple current, possibly beyond its rating. Placing an additional 40 µF of ceramic in parallel with that capacitor would reduce the ripple current to about 1.5A, probably within its rating at 85 oC. The input ripple current is proportional to load current, so this example should be scaled down according to the actual load current. Additional input capacitance equal to half of the output capac- itance is recommended when operating with more than 1000uF of output capacitance on lower voltage outputs when trimming down by more than half of the trim-down allowance (e.g., fur- ther than -2.5% on a 0.9V, or -5% on a 1.2V). Input inductance should be reduced for maintaining input sta- bility when operating with large output capacitance (>1000 µF). Reducing input inductance to <0.3 µH provides for good phase margin with up to the 4000 µF maximum output capacitance. If the input inductance must be increased up to µH even with large output capacitance (>1000 µF), an input capacitance equal to or greater than the output capacitance may be needed to compensate the input impedance. If no inductor is used to isolate the input ripple of the NiQor converters from the source or from inputs of other NiQor con- verters, then this external capacitance might be provided by the DC/DC converter used as the power source. SynQor's PowerQor series converters typically have tantalum and ceram- ic output capacitors that would provide the damping. An input inductor would help isolate the ripple currents and voltages from the source or other NiQor style converters on the voltage supply rail. If an input inductor is used, the recom- mended capacitance should guarantee stability and control the ripple current for up to 1.0µH of input inductance. The input inductor need not have very high inductance. A value of 250 nanohenries would equate to almost 500 miliohm of series impedance at the switching frequency of 300 kHz. This would be working against an assumed capacitive ESR of 30mΩ on the supply side of the inductor, providing significant isolation and ripple reduction. No external capacitance is required at the output, however, the ripple voltage can be further reduced if ceramic and tantalum capacitors are added at the output. Since the internal output capacitance is about 50 µF, approximately that amount of ceramic capacitance would be needed to produce a noticeable reduction in output ripple. The value of the tantalum capacitors is both to provide a high capacitance for pulsed loads and to

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 18 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter provide damping of the distribution network with their inherent ESR, which is low, but higher than ceramics. Additional output capacitance in the range of 300-500 µF is beneficial for reduc- ing the deviation in response to a fast load transient. Input Over-Voltage Prevention : The power system designer must take precautions to prevent damaging the NiQor converters by input overvoltage. This is another reason to be careful about damping the input filter so that no ringing occurs from an underdamped filter. The voltage must be prevented from exceeding the absolute maximum voltage indicated in the Electrical Specifications section of the data sheet under all con- ditions of turn-on, turn-off and load transients and fault condi- tions. The power source should have an over voltage shutdown threshold as close as reasonably possible to the operating point. Additional protection can come from additional input capaci- tance, perhaps on the order of 1,000 µF, but contingent on the source inductance value. A large source inductance would require more capacitance to keep the input voltage below the absolute maximum, if the load current were interrupted sud- denly. This can be caused by either a shutdown of the NiQor from a fault or from the load itself, for example when a card is hot-swapped out, suddenly dropping the load to zero. This is further justification for keeping the source inductance low, as mentioned above. When the power source is configured with remote sensing, the series resistance of the filter inductor and any other conductors or devices between the source and the sense point will result in a voltage drop which, in the event of a load current interruption, would add to the NiQor input volt- age. A TVS device could also be used to clamp the voltage level dur- ing these conditions, but the relatively narrow range between operating voltage and the absolute maximum voltage restrict the use of these devices to lower source current levels that will not drive the transient voltage suppressor above the voltage limit when all the source current is flowing into the clamp. A TVS would be a good supplemental control, in addition to care- ful selection of inductance and capacitance values. Equivalent Model for Input Ripple : A simple but reason- ably accurate model of input ripple is to treat the NiQor input as a pulsed AC current source at 300 kHz.in parallel with a very low ESR capacitor, see Figure B. The peak-to-peak current of the source model is equal to the NiQor load current, repre- senting the peak current in the NiQor's smoothing choke. The capacitor represents the 40µF input ceramic capacitance of the NiQor converter, with a nearly negligible ESR of less than 1 mΩ. A further refinement can be made by setting the duty cycle of the pulsed source to the output voltage divided by the input voltage. The only error in this simplified model is that it ignores the inductive current in the choke, usually less than 20% of the load current, and it ignores the resistive losses inside the NiQor con- verter, which would alter the duty cycle very slightly. The model is a good guide for calculating the effects of exter- nal input capacitors and other filter elements on ripple voltage and ripple current stress on capacitors. High Capacitance Loads with Backdrive : When using two or more NiQor converters with high capacitance loads (greater than 1,000 µF), special consideration must be given to the following condition. If a back-drive source is feeding volt- age back to a NiQor output, perhaps through some ASIC or other load device, and the back-driving source is greater than 60% of the input voltage to the NiQor that has not been enabled yet, an overcurrent condition may exist on startup. This condition could prevent a proper startup when the second NiQor is enabled. The condition is caused by the second NiQor having to ramp the voltage to a high duty cycle with a high capacitance load, which can trip the overcurrent shut- down, preventing a startup. The following remedies for this sit- uation can be applied: 1) Limit output capacitance on higher voltage outputs to 1,000 µF. OR, 2) Prevent back-drive conditions that raise the off-state output voltage to more than 60% of the input voltage. Thermal Considerations : For vertical mount applications at elevated temperatures that call for forced air cooling (see thermal derating curves - measured using 6 layer 2oz copper board), the preferred airflow direction is from pin 11 to pin 1, as indicated in the thermal images provided. If airflow is in the opposite direction (pin 1 to pin 11) the power devices will run hotter by about 5 OC (corresponding to an additional 1 ampere of load derating at conditions where derating occurs). Figure B: Equivalent model for input ripple Ip-p I p-p = I Load 40µF <1mΩ INPUT

For horizontal mount applications (NQ0xxxxHMA parts), where the inductor and power devices are facing down, the preferred airflow direction is into the leading edge opposite the pin header edge, such that air flowing under the NiQor PCB flows out between the pins and the inductor. With this airflow direction, and with the inductor firmly contacting the applica- tion board, the user can apply the thermal derating curves pro- vided herein (measured using 6 layer 2oz copper board) for vertical mount with airflow from pin 11 to pin 1. Airflows in other directions across the horizontally mounted NiQor will result in temperatures that are higher by about 5 OC with pin 11 to pin 1 airflow and about 10 OC with pin 1 to pin 11 airflow. Also, temperature increases of up to 10 OC (2 Amp lower der- ating) can be expected if the inductor thermal interface does not make good contact to the customer's circuit board. Layout Suggestion : When using a fixed output NiQor con- verter, the designer may chose to use the trim function and would thus be required to reserve board space for a trim resis- tor. It is suggested that even if the designer does not plan to use the trim function, additional space should be reserved on the board for a trim resistor. This will allow the flexibility to use the wide output voltage trim range NiQor module at a later date. Any trim resistor should connect to the ground or output node at one of the respective pins of the NiQor, so as to prevent the trim level from being affected by load drops through the ground or power planes. OPTIONAL FEATURES REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pin 3 - Optional) : The optional SENSE(+) input corrects for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter’s output pins to the load. Pin 3 should be connected to Vout(+) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is Vout(+) – SENSE(+) < Sense Range % x Vout Pin 3 must be connected for proper regulation of the output volt- age. If these connections are not made, the converter will deliv- er an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. Note : the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the volt- age across the output (pins 1, 2 and 4) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter’s sense lead (pin 3). CURRENT SHARE (Pin A - Optional) : Additional informa- tion on the current share feature will be provided in a future revision of this technical specification. Please contact SynQor engineering support for further details. Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 19 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter

Product # NQ04T33VMA16 Phone 1-888-567-9596 Doc.# 005-2NV4T3E Rev. B 7/6/04 Page 20 Technical Specification 3.0 - 5.5V in 16ANon-IsolatedNon-Isolated SIP ConverterSIP Converter PART NUMBERING SYSTEM The part numbering system for SynQor’s NiQor DC/DC con- verters follows the format shown in the example below. The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. Although there are no default values for packaging, enable logic, pin length and feature set, the most common options are vertical mount SIP (V), Negative/Open logic (O), 0.160” pins (R) and Sense feature set (S). These part numbers are more like- ly to be readily available in stock for evaluation and proto- type quantities. Application Notes A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format at www.synqor.com.

ORDERING INFORMATION

The tables below show the valid model numbers and order- ing options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. * NQ04 15amp part numbers represent fixed output voltage units (see separate datasheets for NQ04xxxxMA15xxx modules). The following option choices must be included in place of the p x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above. Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: 978-849-0600 Toll Free: 888-567-9596 Fax: 978-849-0602 E-mail: sales@synqor.com Web: www.synqor.com Address: 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 NQ04009pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 0.9 V 15 A NQ04010pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 1.0 V 15 A NQ04012pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 1.2 V 15 A NQ04015pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 1.5 V 15 A NQ04018pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 1.8 V 15 A NQ04025pMA 15xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 2.5 V 15 A NQ04033pMA 15xyz 4.5 - 5.5 V 3.3 V 15 A NQ04T33pMA 16xyz 3.0 - 5.5 V 0.85-3.6V 16 A Input Voltage Output Voltage Max Output CurrentModel Number Packaging: p Packaging Enable Logic Pin Style Options Description: x y z Feature Set V - Vert. Mount SIP H - Horz. Mount SIP N - Negative O - Neg./Open P - Pos./Open R - 0.160" (Standard) V - 0.160" (Vert Reversed) S - Sense (Std.) N - None NQ 04 T33 V M A 16 O R S Product Family Packaging (see Order Info) Performance Level Thermal Design Output Current Options (see Ordering Information) Input Voltage Output Voltage

Summary

16Amp, wide ouput range, Non-Isolated DC/DC Converter

Description