MC3PHAC MOTOROLA | Alldatasheet

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© Motorola, Inc., 2002 MC3PHAC/D Rev. 1, 4/2002 3-Phase AC Motor Controller Data Sheet Overview The MC3PHAC is a high-performance monolithic intelligent motor controller designed specifically to meet the requirements for low-cost, variable-speed, 3-phase ac motor control systems. The device is adaptable and configurable, based on its environment. It contains all of the active functions required to implement the control portion of an open loop, 3-phase ac motor drive. One of the unique aspects of this device is that although it is adaptable and configurable based on its environment, it does not require any software development. This makes the MC3PHAC a perfect fit for customer applications requiring ac motor control but with limited or no software resources available. The device features are:

  • Volts-per-Hertz speed control  Digital signal processing (DSP) filtering to enhance speed stability  32-bit calculations for high-precision operation  Internet enabled  No user software development required for operation  6-output pulse-width modulator (PWM)  3-phase waveform generation  4-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC)  User configurable for standalone or hosted operation  Dynamic bus ripple cancellation  Selectable PWM polarity and frequency  Selectable 50/60 Hz base frequency  Phase-lock loop (PLL) based system oscillator  Serial communications interface (SCI)  Low-power supply voltage detection circuit Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

module upon detection of a system fault. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 for the pin connections. Table 1. Ordering Information Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Figure 3. MC3PHAC-Based Motor Control System Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Electrical Characteristics

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 5 This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. For proper operation, it is recommended that VIn and VOut be constrained to the range VSS ≤ (VIn or VOut) ≤ VDD . Reliability of operation is enhanced if unused inputs are connected to an appropriate logic voltage level (for example, either VSS or VDD ). Functional Operating Range Control Timing Characteristic(1) 1. Voltages referenced to VSS Symbol Value Unit Supply voltage V DD –0.3 to +6.0 V Input voltage V In –0.3 to VDD +0.3 V Input high voltage V Hi VDD + 0.3 V Maximum current per pin excluding VDD and VSS I± 2 5 m A Storage temperature T stg –55 to +150 °C Maximum current out of VSS IMVSS 100 mA Maximum current into VDD IMV DD 100 mA Characteristic Symbol Value Unit Operating temperature range (see Table 1) TA –40°C to +105°C °C Operating voltage range VDD 5.0 ± 10% V Characteristic Symbol Value Unit Oscillator frequency(1) 1. Follow the crystal/resonator manufacturer’s recommendations, as the crystal/resonator parameters determine the external component values required for maximum stability and reliable starting. The load capacitance values used in the oscillator circuit design should include all stray capacitances. Fosc 4.00 ± 1% MHz Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

6 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA Characteristic(1) Symbol Min Max Unit Output high voltage (ILoad = –2.0 mA) All I/O pins except RBRAKE VOH VDD –0.8 — V Output high voltage RBRAKE (IRBRAKE = –15.0 mA) VOHRB VDD –1.0 — V Output low voltage (ILoad = 1.6 mA) All I/O pins except FAULTOUT and RETRY/TxD VOL — 0.4 V Output low voltage (ILoad = 15 mA) FAULTOUT and RETRY/TxD VOL1 — 1.0 V Input high voltage All ports VHi 0.7 x VDD VDD V Input low voltage All ports VIL VSS 0.3 x VDD V VDD supply current IDD — 60 mA I/O ports high-impedance leakage current IIL — ± /c24 µ/c36 Input current IIn — ± /c20 µ/c36 Capacitance Ports (as input or output) C Out C In 8 pF VDD low-voltage inhibit reset VLVR1 3.80 4.3 V VDD low-voltage reset/recovery hysteresis VLVH1 50 150 mV VDD power-on reset re-arm voltage VPOR 3.85 4.45 V VDD power-on reset rise time ramp rate R POR 0.035 — V/ms Serial communications interface baud rate SCIBD 9504 9696 Bits/sec Voltage Boost(2) VBoost 0 100 % Dead time range(3) DT Range 0 31.875 µ/c86 Retry time(4) RT Time 0 4.55 Hours Acceleration rate AC Rate 0.5 128 Hz/sec Speed control SPEED 1 128 Hz PWM Frequency PWM FREQ 5.291 21.164 kHz High side power transistor drive pump-up time TPump 99 101 ms 1. VDD = 5.0 Vdc ± 10% 2. Limited in standalone mode to 0 to 35% 3. Limited in standalone mode to 0.5 to 6.0 µ/c86 4. Limited in standalone mode to 0 to ~53 seconds Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

numbers in the table refer to the 28-pin packages (see Figure 1). Table 2. MC3PHAC Pin Descriptions (Sheet 1 of 3) performance, this pin should be tied to VDDA (analog).

2 RESET

7 PLLCAP

8 PWMPOL_BASEFREQ Input which is sampled at specific moments during initialization to

9 PWM_U_TOP PWM output signal for the top transistor driving motor phase U

10 PWM_U_BOT PWM output signal for the bottom transistor driving motor phase U

11 PWM_V_TOP PWM output signal for the top transistor driving motor phase V

12 PWM_V_BOT PWM output signal for the bottom transistor driving motor phase V

13 PWM_W_TOP PWM output signal for the top transistor driving motor phase W

14 PWM_W_BOT PWM output signal for the bottom transistor driving motor phase W

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

15 FAULTIN

16 PWMFREQ_RxD

input which receives UART serial data.

17 RETRY_TxD

software mode, this pin is an output that transmits UART serial data.

18 RBRAKE

prevent excess capacitor voltage.

19 DT_FAULTOUT

which goes low whenever a fault condition occurs.

20 VBOOST_MODE

specify the amount of voltage boost to apply to the motor.

21 V DD +5-volt digital power supply to the MC3PHAC

22 V SS Digital power supply ground return for the MC3PHAC

23 FWD Input which is sampled to determine whether the motor should rotate in

24 START Input which is sampled to determine whether the motor should be

25 MUX_IN

Table 2. MC3PHAC Pin Descriptions (Sheet 2 of 3) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

26 SPEED

steady-state speed of the motor.

27 ACCEL

28 DC_BUS

  1. Correct timing of the MC3PHAC is based on a 4.00 MHz crystal or ceramic resonator. Follow the crystal/resonator

Table 2. MC3PHAC Pin Descriptions (Sheet 3 of 3) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

10 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA Introduction The MC3PHAC is a high-performance intelligent controller designed specifically to meet the requirements for low-cost, variable-speed, 3-phase ac motor control systems. The device is adaptable and configurable, based on its environment. Constructed with high-speed CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology, the MC3PHAC offers a high degree of performance and ruggedness in the hostile environments often found in motor control systems. The device consists of:  6-output pulse-width modulator (PWM)  4-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC)  Phase-lock loop (PLL) based system oscillator  Low-power supply voltage detection circuit  Serial communications interface (SCI) The serial communications interface is used in a mode, called PC master software mode, whereby control of the MC3PHAC is from a host or master personal computer executing PC master software or a microcontroller emulating PC master software commands. In either case, control via the internet is feasible. Included in the MC3PHAC are protective features consisting of dc bus monitoring and a system fault input that will immediately disable the PWM module upon detection of a system fault. Included motor control features include:  Open loop volts/Hertz speed control  Forward or reverse rotation  Start/stop motion  System fault input  Low-speed voltage boost  Internal power-on reset (POR) Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

Features

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 11 3-Phase Waveform Generation — The MC3PHAC generates six PWM signals which have been modulated with variable voltage and variable frequency information in order to control a 3-phase ac motor. A third harmonic signal has been superimposed on top of the fundamental motor frequency to achieve full bus voltage utilization. This results in a 15 percent increase in maximum output amplitude compared to pure sine wave modulation. The waveform is updated at a 5.3 kHz rate (except when the PWM frequency is 15.9 kHz), resulting in near continuous waveform quality. At 15.9 kHz, the waveform is updated at 4.0 kHz. DSP Filtering — A 24-bit IIR digital filter is used on the SPEED input signal in standalone mode, resulting in enhanced speed stability in noisy environments. The sampling period of the filter is 3 ms (except when the PWM frequency is 15.9 kHz) and it mimics the response of a single pole analog filter having a pole at 0.4 Hz. At a PWM frequency of 15.9 kHz, the sampling period is 4 ms and the pole is located at 0.3 Hz. High Precision Calculations — Up to 32-bit variable resolution is employed for precision control and smooth performance. For example, the motor speed can be controlled with a resolution of 4 mHz. Smooth Voltage Transitions — When the commanded speed of the motor passes through ±1 Hz, the voltage is gently applied or removed depending on the direction of the speed change. This eliminates any pops or surges that may occur, especially under conditions of high-voltage boost at low frequencies. High-Side Bootstrapping — Many motor drive topologies (especially high- voltage drives) use optocouplers to supply the PWM signal to the high-side transistors. Often, the high-side transistor drive circuitry contains a charge pump circuit to create a floating power supply for each high-side transistor that is dependent on low-side PWMs to develop power. When the motor has been off for a period of time, the charge on the high-side power supply capacitor is depleted and must be replenished before proper PWM operation can resume. To accommodate such topologies, the MC3PHAC will always provide 100 ms of 50 percent PWM drive to only the low-side transistors each time the motor is turned on. Since the top transistors remain off during this time, it has the effect of applying zero volts to the motor, and no motion occurs. After this period, motor waveform modulation begins, with PWM drive also being applied to the high-side transistors. Fast Velocity Updating — During periods when the motor speed is changing, the rate at which the velocity is updated is critical to smooth operation. If these updates occur too infrequently, a ratcheting effect will be exhibited on the motor, which inhibits smooth torque performance. However, velocity profiling is Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

transitions, where each velocity step is not perceivable by the motor. Figure 4. Dynamic Bus Ripple Cancellation Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 13 Selectable Base Frequency — Alternating current (ac) motors are designed to accept rated voltage at either 50 or 60 Hz, depending on what region of the world they were designed to be used. The MC3PHAC can accommodate both types of motors by allowing the voltage profile to reach maximum value at either 50 or 60 Hz. This parameter can be specified at initialization in standalone mode, or it can be changed at any time in PC master software mode. Selectable PWM Polarity — The polarity of the PWM outputs may be specified such that a logic high on a PWM output can either be the asserted or negated state of the signal. In standalone mode, this parameter is specified at initialization and applies to all six PWM outputs. In PC master software mode, the polarity of the top PWM signals can be specified separately from the polarity of the bottom PWM signals. This specification can be done at any time, but once it is done, the polarities are locked and cannot be changed until a reset occurs. Also, any commands from PC master software that would have the effect of enabling PWMs are prevented by the MC3PHAC until the polarity has been specified. In standalone mode, the base frequency and PWM polarity are specified at the same time during initialization by connecting either pin 25, 26, 27, or 28 exclusively to the PWMPOL_BASEFREQ input. During initialization, pins 25, 26, 27, and 28 are cycled one at a time to determine which one has been connected to the PWMPOL_BASEFREQ input. Table 3 shows the selected PWM polarity and base frequency as a function of which pin connection is made. Refer to the standalone mode schematic, Figure 8. Only one of these jumpers (JP1–JP4) can be connected at any one Table 3. PWM Polarity and Base Frequency Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

PWM frequencies and can be changed dynamically while the motor is running. Table 4. In standalone mode, the PWM frequency is specified by applying a voltage to the MUX_IN pin while the PWMFREQ_RxD pin is being driven low. associated PWM frequency for each voltage range. this value can be selected to be anywhere between 0 and 32 µs. directly from PC master software in real time. stability in noisy environments. This filter is only activated in standalone mode. parameter can also be controlled directly from PC master software in real time. Table 4. MUX_IN Resistance Ranges Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

16 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA The MC3PHAC allows the voltage boost to be specified as a percentage of full voltage at 0 Hz, as shown in Figure 5. In standalone mode, voltage boost is specified during the initialization phase by supplying a voltage to the MUX_IN pin while the VBOOST_MODE pin is being driven low. Refer to the graph in Figure 11 for the resistance value versus voltage boost. Figure 11 assumes a 6.8 kΩ pullup resistor. In this way, voltage boost can be specified from 0 to 40 percent, with a scaling factor of 8 percent per volt. In PC master software mode, the voltage boost can be specified from 0 to 100 percent and can be changed at anytime. By using the voltage boost value, and the specified base frequency, the MC3PHAC has all the information required to generate a voltage profile automatically based on the generated waveform frequency. An additional feature exists in PC master software mode whereby this voltage value can be overridden and controlled in real time. Specifying a voltage lower than the normal volts-per-hertz profile permits a softer torque response in certain ergonomic situations. It also allows for load power factor control and higher operating efficiencies with high inertia loads or other loads where instantaneous changes in torque demand are not permitted. Details of this feature are discussed in the PC Master Software Operation with the MC3PHAC . PLL Clock Generation — The OSC1 pin signal is used as a reference clock for an internal PLL clocking circuit, which is used to drive the internal clocks of the MC3PHAC. This provides excellent protection against noise spikes that may occur on the OSC1 pin. In a clocking circuit that does not incorporate a PLL, a noise spike on the clock input can create a clock edge, which violates the setup times of the clocking logic, and can cause the device to malfunction. The same noise spike applied to the input of a PLL clock circuit is perceived by the PLL as a change in its reference frequency, and the PLL output frequency begins to change in an attempt to lock on to the new frequency. However, before any appreciable change can occur, the spike is gone, and the PLL settles back into the true reference frequency. Fault Protection — The MC3PHAC supports an elaborate range of fault protection and prevention features. If a fault does occur, the MC3PHAC immediately disables the PWMs and waits until the fault condition is cleared before starting a timer to re-enable the PWMs. Refer to the graph in Figure 10 for the resistance value versus retry time. Figure 10 assumes a 6.8 kΩ pullup resistor. In standalone mode, this timeout interval is specified during the initialization phase by supplying a voltage to the MUX_IN pin while the RETRY_TxD pin is being driven low. In this way, the retry time can be specified from 1 to 60 seconds, with a scaling factor of 12 seconds per volt. In PC master software mode, the retry time can be specified from 0.25 second to over 4.5 hours and can be changed at any time. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 17 The fault protection and prevention features are:  External Fault Monitoring — The FAULTIN pin accepts a digital signal that indicates a fault has been detected via external monitoring circuitry. A high level on this input results in the PWMs being immediately disabled. Typical fault conditions might be a dc bus over voltage, bus over current, or over temperature. Once this input returns to a logic low level, the fault retry timer begins running, and PWMs are re-enabled after the programmed timeout value is reached.  Lost Clock Protection — If the signal on the OSC1 pin is lost altogether, the MC3PHAC will immediately disable the PWM outputs to protect the motor and power electronics. This is a special fault condition in that it will also cause the MC3PHAC to be reset. Lost clock detection is an important safety consideration, as many safety regulatory agencies are now requiring a dead crystal test be performed as part of the certification process.  Low V DD Protection — Whenever VDD falls below VLVR1 , an on-board power supply monitor will reset the MC3PHAC. This allows the MC3PHAC to operate properly with 5 volt power supplies of either 5 or 10 percent tolerance.  Bus Voltage Integrity Monitoring — The DC_BUS pin is monitored at a 5.3 kHz frequency (4.0 kHz when the PWM frequency is set to 15.9 kHz), and any voltage reading outside of an acceptable window constitutes a fault condition. In standalone mode, the window thresholds are fixed at 4.47 volts (128 percent of nominal), and 1.75 volts (50 percent of nominal), where nominal is defined to be 3.5 volts. In PC master software mode, both top and bottom window thresholds can be set independently to any value between 0 volts (0 percent of nominal), and greater than 5 volts (143 percent of nominal), and can be changed at any time. Once the DC_BUS signal level returns to a value within the acceptable window, the fault retry timer begins running, and PWMs are re-enabled after the programmed timeout value is reached. During power-up, it is possible that VDD could reach operating voltage before the dc bus capacitor charges up to its nominal value. When the dc bus integrity is checked, an under voltage would be detected and treated as a fault, with its associated timeout period. To prevent this, the MC3PHAC monitors the dc bus voltage during power-up in standalone mode, and waits until it is higher than the under voltage threshold before continuing. During this time, all MC3PHAC functions are suspended. Once this threshold is reached, the MC3PHAC will continue normally, with any further under voltage conditions treated as a fault. If dc bus voltage monitoring is not desired, a voltage of 3.5 volts ± 5 percent should be supplied to the DC_BUS pin through an impedance of between 4.7 kΩ and 15 kΩ . Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

18 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA  Regeneration Control — Regeneration is a process by which stored mechanical energy in the motor and load is transferred back into the drive electronics, usually as a result of an aggressive deceleration operation. In special cases where this process occurs frequently (for example, elevator motor control systems), it is economical to incorporate special features in the motor drive to allow this energy to be supplied back to the ac mains. However, for most low cost ac drives, this energy is stored in the dc bus capacitor by increasing its voltage. If this process is left unchecked, the dc bus voltage can rise to dangerous levels, which can destroy the bus capacitor or the transistors in the power inverter. The MC3PHAC incorporates two techniques to deal with regeneration before it becomes a problem: – Resistive Braking — The DC_BUS pin is monitored at a 5.3 kHz frequency (4.0 kHz when the PWM frequency is set to 15.9 kHz), and when the voltage reaches a certain threshold, the RBRAKE pin is driven high. This signal can be used to control a resistive brake placed across the dc bus capacitor, such that mechanical energy from the motor will be dissipated as heat in the resistor versus being stored as voltage on the capacitor. In standalone mode, the DC_BUS threshold required to assert the RBRAKE signal is fixed at 3.85 volts (110 percent of nominal) where nominal is defined to be 3.5 volts. In PC master software mode, this threshold can be set to any value between 0 volts (0 percent of nominal) and greater than 5 volts (143 percent of nominal) and can be changed at any time. – Automatic Deceleration Control — When decelerating the motor, the MC3PHAC attempts to use the specified acceleration value for deceleration as well. If the voltage on the DC_BUS pin reaches a certain threshold, the MC3PHAC begins to moderate the deceleration as a function of this voltage, as shown in Figure 7. The voltage range on the DC_BUS pin from when the deceleration begins to decrease, to when it reaches 0, is 0.62 volts. In standalone mode, the DC_BUS voltage where deceleration begins to decrease is fixed at 3.85 volts (110 percent of nominal) where nominal is defined to be 3.5 volts. In PC master software mode, this threshold can be set to any value between 0 volts (0 percent of nominal) and greater than 5 volts (143 percent of nominal) and can be changed at any time. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

Figure 7. Deceleration as a Function of Bus Voltage VDD and VSS are the digital power supply and ground pins for the MC3PHAC. take special care to provide power supply bypassing at the VDD and VSS pins. capacitor in the range of 1 µF to 10 µF for bypassing the digital power supply. together and connected to the same potential as VDD . Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

20 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA Grounding Considerations Printed circuit board layout is an important design consideration. In particular, ground planes and how grounds are tied together influence noise immunity. To maximize noise immunity, it is important to get a good ground plane under the MC3PHAC. It is also important to separate analog and digital grounds. That is why, shown on the schematics, there are two ground designations, analog ground is marked with an A and other grounds are digital grounds. GND is the digital ground plane and power supply return. GNDA is the analog circuit ground. They are both the same reference voltage, but are routed separately, and tie together at only one point. Power-Up/Power-Down When power is applied or removed, it is important that the inverter’s top and bottom output transistors in the same phase are not turned on simultaneously. Since logic states are not always defined during power-up, it is important to ensure that all power transistors remain off when the controller’s supply voltage is below its normal operating level. The MC3PHAC’s PWM module outputs make this easy by switching to a high impedance configuration whenever the 5-volt supply is below its specified minimum. The user should use pullup or pulldown resistors on the output of the MC3PHAC ’s PWM outputs to ensure during power-up and power-down, that the inverter’s drive inputs are at a known, turned off, state. Operation The MC3PHAC motor controller will operate in two modes. The first is standalone operation, whereby the MC3PHAC can be used without any intervention from an external personal computer. In standalone mode, the MC3PHAC is initialized by passive devices connected to the MC3PHAC and input to the system at power-up/reset time. In standalone mode, some parameters continue to be input to the system as it operates. Speed, PWM frequency, bus voltage, and acceleration parameters are input to the system on a real-time basis. The second mode of operation is called PC master software mode.That operational mode requires the use of a personal computer and PC master software executing on the personal computer, communicating with the MC3PHAC, or a microcontroller emulating PC master software commands. All command and setup information is input to the MC3PHAC via the PC host. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

Figure 8. Standalone MC3PHAC Configuration

  1. If no external fault circuit is provided, connect to VSS .
  2. Use bypass capacitors placed close to the MC3PHAC.
  3. Consult crystal/resonator manufacturer for component values.

4.0 MHz

50 Hz – PWM POLARITY

50 Hz + PWM POLARITY

60 Hz – PWM POLARITY

60 Hz + PWM POLARITY+5 V

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

24 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA Standalone Application Example Figure 12 shows an application example of the MC3PHAC, configured in standalone mode. Resistor values and jumpers have been selected to provide the following performance: 1. Base frequency of 60 Hz and positive PWM polarity (from Table 3) 2. PWM frequency resistor 3.9 kΩ , which implies 10.582 kHz from 3. Dead-time resistor = 5.1 kΩ , which implies 4.5 µs (from Figure 9) 4. Fault retry time resistor = 8.2 kΩ , which implies 32.8 seconds (from Figure 10). 5. Voltage boost resistor = 12 kΩ , which implies 25.5 percent (from Figure 11). 6. The wiper of the acceleration potentiometer is set at

2.5 V = 64 Hz/second acceleration rate (from the Acceleration Control

description on page 14.) The potentiometer, in this case, could have been a resistor divider. If a resistor divider is used in place of the acceleration potentiometer, keep the total resistance of the two resistors less than 10 kΩ . Always use 4.7kΩ in series with the center of the acceleration voltage divider resistors, connected to the ACCEL (pin 27) as shown in the application example, Figure 12. 7. Crystal/resonator capacitor values are typical values from the manufacturer. Refer to the manufacturers data for actual values. PC Master Software Operation Introduction to PC Master Host Software The MC3PHAC is compatible with Motorola’s PC master host software serial interface protocol. Communication occurs over an on-chip UART, on the MC3PHAC at 9600 baud to an external master device, which may be a microcontroller that also has an integrated UART or a personal computer via a COM port. With PC master software, an external controller can monitor and control all aspects of the MC3PHAC operation. When the MC3PHAC is placed in PC master software mode, all control of the system is provided through the integrated UART, resident on the MC3PHAC. Inputs such as START, FWD, SPEED, ACCEL, MUX_IN, and PWMPOL_BASEFREQ have no controlling influence over operation of the system. Even though the SPEED, START, and FWD inputs are disabled while the system is in PC master software mode, through PC master software, it is possible to monitor the state of those inputs. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

Figure 12. MC3PHAC Application Example in Standalone Mode

  1. If no external fault circuit is provided, connect to VSS .
  2. Use bypass capacitors placed close to the MC3PHAC.
  3. Consult crystal/resonator manufacturer for component values.

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

protocol, complete with a graphical data display, and an ActiveX interface. protocol and availability of PC master host software. Figure 13. MC3PHAC Configuration for Using a PC as a Master

  1. If no external fault circuit is provided, connect to VSS .
  2. Use bypass capacitors placed close to the MC3PHAC.
  3. Consult crystal/resonator manufacturer for component values.

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

values and valid write addresses. within the MC3PHAC are listed in Table 6. Table 5. Recognized PC Host Software Commands Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Table 6. User Interface Variables for Use with PC Master Software outputs are positive polarity. This is a write-once parameter.

60 Hz — $60

50 Hz — $61

frequency(3) $0062 R/W 2 Commanded frequency in Hz. Voltage boost $006C R/W 1 0 Hz voltage. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

  1. The commanded PWM frequency cannot be written until the PWM outputs exit the high-impedance state. The default PWM
  2. The PWM output pins remain in a high-impedance state until this parameter is specified.
  3. This parameter must be specified before motor motion can be initiated by the MC3PHAC.
  4. This is a write-once parameter. The first write to this address will execute normally. Further attempts at writing this

parameter will result in an illegal operation response from the MC3PHAC.

  1. The value of this parameter is not valid until the PWM outputs exit the high-impedance state.
  2. The data in this field is only valid for one read. Further reads will return a value of $00.
  3. See register bit descriptions following this table.
  4. Acceleration is an unsigned value with the upper seven bits range of $00 to $7F = acceleration value of 0 to

$1FF which equals 0 to ~1. Therefore, the range of acceleration is 0 to 127.99 Hertz/second.

  1. Commanded motor frequency and actual frequency are signed values with the upper byte range of
  2. VBus is the voltage value applied to the DC_BUS analog input pin. The analog-to-digital converter is a 10-bit converter with

a 5 volt full scale input. The value is equal to the voltage applied to the DC_BUS input pin/VREF * $03FF. Table 6. User Interface Variables for Use with PC Master Software (Continued) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 31 EXTERNAL FAULT TRIP Bit This read-only bit indicates a FAULT has occurred resulting from a logic 1 applied to the FAULTIN pin. 1 = A logic 1 was applied to the FAULTIN pin and a FAULT timeout is still in progress. 0 = A logic 0 is applied to the FAULTIN pin and no FAULT timeout is in progress. OVER-VOLTAGE TRIP Bit This read-only bit indicates if the voltage at the DC_BUS pin exceeds the preset value of VBus over voltage located at address $0068 and $0069. 1 = The voltage applied to the DC_BUS pin has exceeded the preset value of VBus over voltage and a FAULT timeout is still in progress. 0 = The voltage applied to the DC_BUS pin is less than the preset value of VBus over voltage and a FAULT timeout is not in progress. UNDER-VOLTAGE Bit This read-only bit indicates if the voltage at the DC_BUS pin is less than the present value of VBus brownout located at address $0066 and $0067. 1 = The voltage applied to the DC_BUS pin is less than the present value of VBus under voltage and a FAULT timeout is still in progress. 0 = The voltage applied to the DC-BUS pin is greater than the preset value of VBus under voltage and a FAULT timeout is not in progress. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

This read-only bit indicates if the base frequency parameter has been set. 1 = Base frequency parameter has been set. 0 = Base frequency parameter has not been set. This read-only bit indicates if the speed parameter has been set. 1 = Speed parameter has been set. 0 = Speed parameter has not been set. This read-only bit indicates if the acceleration rate parameter has been set. 1 = Acceleration rate parameter has been set. 0 = Acceleration rate parameter has not been set. This read-only bit indicates if the PWM polarity parameters has been set. 1 = PWM polarity parameters has been set. 0 = PWM polarity parameters has not been set. This read-only bit indicates if the dead time parameter has been set. 1 = Dead time parameter has been set. 0 = Dead time parameter has not been set. Figure 15. Setup Register Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

This read-only bit indicates the state of the START input pin. 1 = The START input pin is at a logic 1. 0 = The START input pin is at a logic 0. This read-only bit indicates the state of the FWD input pin. This read-only bit indicates the state of the DT_FAULTOUT output pin. 1 = The DT_FAULTOUT output pin is indicating no fault condition. 0 = The DT_FAULTOUT output pin is indicating a fault condition. This read-only bit indicates the state of resistive brake pin (RBRAKE). 1 = The RBRAKE output pin in active. Braking is in progress. 0 = The RBRAKE output pin in inactive and no braking is in progress. Figure 16. Switch In Register Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

1 = The last reset was caused by an initial power-up of the MC3PHAC. status register after the first read. status register after the first read. of the reset status register after the first read. master software reset command. the reset or a read of the reset status register after the first read. 1 = The last reset was caused by the low power supply detection circuit. status register after the first read. Figure 17. Reset Status Register Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Figure 18. It illustrates the sequence of commands which are necessary to given state unless the conditions shown for a transition are met. decelerating, or in a steady state. Each state is described here in more detail. PWM dead time and polarity to be initialized. dead time cannot be modified, unless the reset state is first re-entered. be modified, unless the reset state is first re-entered. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

Figure 18. PC Host Software Command State Diagram Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 37  PWMOFF — This state is entered from the PWMHighZ state if both the PWM dead time and polarity have been configured. In this state, the PWM is activated and all the PWM outputs are driven off for the chosen polarity. The device then waits for the PWM base frequency, motor speed, and acceleration to be initialized.  PWM0RPM — This state is entered from the PWMOFF state when the PWM base frequency, motor speed, and acceleration have been initialized. This state can also be entered from the FwdDecel or RevDecel states if a CmdStop command has been received, and the actual motor speed has decelerated to 0 r.p.m. In this state, the PWM pins are driven to the off state for the chosen polarity. The only exit of this state is to the PWMPump state, which occurs when a CmdFwd or CmdRev command is received.  PWMPump — This state is entered from the PWM0RPM state when a CmdFwd or CmdRev command is received. In this state the top PWM outputs are driven off while the bottom PWM outputs are driven with a 50 percent duty cycle. This allows high side transistor gate drive circuits which require charge pumping from the lower transistors to be charged up prior to applying full PWMs to energize the motor. This state is automatically exited after the defined amount of time tPump (see Electrical Characteristics).  FwdAccel — This state is entered from the PWMPump state after a CmdFwd command is received and the timeout interval from the PWMPump state is completed. This state can also be entered from the FwdSteady state if the Speed In variable is increased above the actual current speed and the RevDecel state if the actual motor speed equals 0 r.p.m. when a CmdFwd command has been received. In this state the motor is accelerated forward according to the chosen parameters.  FwdSteady — This state is entered from the FwdAccel state after the actual motor speed has reached the requested speed defined by the Speed In variable. In this state, the motor is held at a constant forward speed.  FwdDecel — This state is entered from the FwdAccel or FwdSteady states whenever a CmdStop or CmdRev command is received. This state can also be entered from the FwdSteady state if the Speed In variable is decreased below the actual current speed. In this state, the motor is decelerated forward according to the chosen parameters.  RevAccel — This state is entered from the PWMPump state. After a CmdRev command is received and the timeout interval from the PWMPump state is completed. This state can also be entered from the RevSteady state if the Speed In variable is increased above the actual current speed and the FwdDecel state if the actual motor speed equals 0 r.p.m. when a CmdRev command has been received. In this state, the motor is accelerated in reverse according to the chosen parameters. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

38 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA  RevSteady — This state is entered from the RevAccel state after the actual motor speed has reached the requested speed defined by the Speed In variable. In this state, the motor is held at a constant reverse speed.  RevDecel — This state is entered from the RevAccel or RevSteady states whenever a CmdStop or CmdFwd command is received. This state can also be entered from the RevSteady state if the Speed In variable is decreased below the actual current speed. In this state, the motor is decelerated in reverse according to the chosen parameters.  SetBaseFreq — This state is entered from any state whenever a CmdBaseFreqxx command is received. In this state, the motor frequency at which full voltage is applied is configured and the state is then automatically exited and the original state is re-entered.  SetAccel — This state is entered from any state whenever a write to the Acceleration variable occurs. In this state, the motor acceleration is configured and the state is then automatically exited and the original state is re-entered.  SetSpeed — This state is entered from any state whenever a write to the Speed In variable occurs. In this state, the requested motor speed is configured and the state is then automatically exited and the original state is re-entered.  Fault — This state is entered from any state whenever a fault condition occurs (see Fault Protection on page 16). In this state, the PWM outputs are driven off (unless the fault state was entered from the PWMHighZ state, in which case, the PWM outputs remain in the High Z state). When the problem causing the fault condition is removed, a timer is started which will wait a specified amount of time (which is user programmable) before exiting this state. Under normal operating conditions, this timeout will cause the Fault state to be automatically exited to the PWM0RPM state, where motion will once again be initiated if a CmdFwd or CmdRev has been received. The exceptions to this rule are the cases when the Fault state was entered from the PWMHighZ or PWMOFF states, in which case, exiting from the Fault state will return back to these states. Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

volts. A Space is defined as a signal that ranges from +3 to +25 volts. Figure 19. Optoisolated RS232 Circuit Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

40 3-Phase AC Motor Controller MOTOROLA To send data from a PC to the MC3PHAC, it is necessary to satisfy the serial input of the MC3PHAC. In the idle condition, the serial input of the MC3PHAC must be at a logic 1. To accomplish that, the transistor in U1 must be turned off. The idle state of the transmit data line (TxD) from the PC serial port is a Mark (–3 to –25 volts). Therefore, the diode in U1 is off and the transistor in U1 is off, yielding a logic 1 to the MC3PHAC’s serial input. When the start bit is sent to the MC3PHAC from the PC’s serial port, the PC’s TxD transitions from a Mark to a Space (+3 to +25 volts), thus forward biasing the diode in U1. Forward biasing the diode in D1 turns on the transistor in U1, providing a logic 0 to the serial input of the MC3PHAC. Simply stated, the input half of the circuit provides input isolation, signal inversion, and level shifting from the PC to the MC3PHAC ’s serial port. An RS-232 line receiver, such as an MC1489, serves the same purpose without the optoisolation function. To send data from the MC3PHAC to the PC’s serial port input, it is necessary to satisfy the PC’s receive data (RxD) input requirements. In an idle condition, the RxD input to the PC must be at Mark (–3t o–25 volts). The data terminal ready output (DTR) on the PC outputs a Mark when the port is initialized. The request to send (RTS) output is set to a Space (+3 to +25 volts) when the PC’s serial port is initialized. Because the interface is half-duplex, the PC’s TxD output is also at a Mark, as it is idle. The idle state of the MC3PHAC’s serial port output is a logic 1. The logic 1 out of the MC3PHAC’s serial port output port forces the diode in U2 to be turned off. With the diode in U2 turned off, the transistor in U2 is also turned off. The junction of D2 and D3 are at a Mark (–3 to –25 volts). With the transistor in U2 turned off, the input is pulled to a Mark through current limiting resistor R3, satisfying the PC’s serial input in an idle condition. When a start bit is sent from the MC3PHAC’s serial port, it transitions to a logic 0. That logic 0 turns on the diode in U2, thus turning on the transistor in U2. The conducting transistor in U2 passes the voltage output from the PC’s RTS output, that is now at a Space (+3 to +25 volts), to the PC’s receive data (RxD) input. Capacitor C1 is a bypass capacitor used to stiffen the Mark signal. The output half of the circuit provides output isolation, signal inversion, and level shifting from the MC3PHAC’s serial output port to the PC’s serial port. An RS-232 line driver, such as a MC1488, serves the same purpose without the optoisolation function. Mechanical Data This subsection provides case outline drawings for:  Plastic 28-pin DIP, Figure 20  Plastic 28-pin SOIC, Figure 21  Plastic 32-pin QFP, Figure 22 Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

Figure 22. Plastic 32-Pin QFP (Case 873A)

  1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
  2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
  3. DATUM PLANE –AB– IS LOCATED AT BOTTOM

THE BOTTOM OF THE PARTING LINE.

  1. DATUMS –T–, –U–, AND –Z– TO BE DETERMINED
  2. DIMENSIONS S AND V TO BE DETERMINED AT
  3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD

DETERMINED AT DATUM PLANE –AB–.

  1. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
  2. MINIMUM SOLDER PLATE THICKNESS SHALL BE
  3. EXACT SHAPE OF EACH CORNER MAY VARY

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

MOTOROLA 3-Phase AC Motor Controller 43 Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...

HOW TO REACH US: USA/EUROPE/LOCATIONS NOT LISTED: Motorola Literature Distribution; P .O. Box 5405, Denver, Colorado 80217 1-303-675-2140 or 1-800-441-2447 JAPAN: Motorola Japan Ltd.; SPS, Technical Information Center, 3-20-1, Minami-Azabu Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8573 Japan 81-3-3440-3569 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; Silicon Harbour Centre, 2 Dai King Street, T ai Po Industrial Estate, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong 852-26668334 TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER: 1-800-521-6274 HOME PAGE: http://www.motorola.com/semiconductors Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Motorola products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. digital dna is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. © M otorola, Inc. 2002 MC3PHAC/D Freescale Sem iconductor, I Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. For More Information On This Product, Go to: www.freescale.com nc...