LM2459

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www.ti.com SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2459MonolithicSingleChannel15MHzDTVCRTDriver Check forSamples: LM2459 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2459 isa singlechannelhigh voltageCRT 2• 15MHz Bandwidth at130VPP Output Swing drivercircuitdesigned foruse in DTV applications.• 0V to4V InputRange The IC containsa highinputimpedance,wide band

• Greaterthan 130VPP Output Swing Capability amplifierwhich directlydrivesthecathodeofa CRT. The amplifierhas itsgain internallyset to −51 and• StableWith 0–20 pF CapacitiveLoads and can driveCRT capacitiveloadsas wellas resistiveInductivePeaking Networks loadspresentinotherapplications,limitedonlyby the• TransientResponse Improvement Option Via package'spower dissipation.Pin 6 (EM) The IC ispackaged ina staggered7-leadTO (KCS) molded plasticpower package designedspecificallyAPPLICATIONS to meet high voltagespacing requirements.See
• AC Coupled DTV ApplicationsUsing the480p THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS section. Format as wellas Standard NTSC and PAL Formats SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMCONNECTION DIAGRAM Note:Tab isatGND Figure1. SimplifiedConnection and Pinout Diagram (Top View) Figure2. SimplifiedSchematic Diagram Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. 2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage(VCC ) +200V BiasVoltage(VBB ) +15V InputVoltage(VIN) -0.5VtoVBB +0.5V StorageTemperatureRange (TSTG ) −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature(Soldering,<10 sec.) 300°C Human Body Model 2kV ESD Tolerance Machine Model 200V JunctionTemperature 150°C θJC (typ) 4.2°C/W (1) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsindicatelimitsbeyond whichdamage tothedevicemay occur. (2) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexas InstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. OPERATING RANGES (1) VCC +130V to+180V VBB +7V to+13V VIN +0V to+4V VOUT +25V to+178V Case Temperature RefertoFigure11 Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink. (1) OperatingRatingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .Datasheetmin/max specificationlimitsarespecifiedby design,test,orstatisticalanalysis.The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetestconditionslisted.Some performancecharacteristics may change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions.

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit) Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +180V, VBB = +8V, C L = 10pF,TC = 30°C, Pin6 floating. DC Tests:VIN = 2.5VDC AC Tests:Output= 130VPP (35V -165V) at1MHz LM2459 Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Min Typical Max ICC SupplyCurrent No AC InputSignal,No OutputLoad 6 12 mA IBB BiasCurrent 4 7 mA VOUT, 1 DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 2.5VDC 99 104 109 VDC VOUT, 2 DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 1.2VDC 165 170 175 VDC AV DC VoltageGain No AC InputSignal -48 −51 -54 LE LinearityError See (1),No AC InputSignal 5 % tR RiseTime See (2),10% to90% 26 ns tF FallTime See (2),90% to10% 30 ns OS Overshoot See (2) 5 % (1) LinearityErroristhevariationinDC gainfromVIN = 1.1VtoVIN = 3.8V. (2) Inputfromsignalgenerator:tr,tf< 1 ns. AC TEST CIRCUIT Note:10pF loadincludesparasiticcapacitance. Figure3. TestCircuit Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2459. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2459 ina 50Ω environmentwithoutthe use of an expensiveFET probe.The two 4990Ω resistorsform a 400:1dividerwiththe50Ω resistorand theoscilloscope.A testpointisincludedforeasy use ofan oscilloscope probe.Thecompensationcapacitorisused tocompensate thenetworktoachievea flatfrequencyresponse. Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

SPEED (ns) OFFSET VOLTAGE (V) tf tr 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CASE TEMPERATURE (° C) SPEED (ns) tf tr FREQUENCY (MHz) 1 10 100 MAGNITUDE (dB) -15 -12 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF) SPEED (ns) tf tr 0 1 2 3 4 5 100 120 140 160 180 200 VOUT (V) VIN (V) 125 ns/DIV 20V/DIV tf = 30 ns tr = 26 ns OBSOLETE LM2459 SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +180VDC ,VBB = +8VDC ,C L = 10pF,VOUT = 130VPP (35V − 165V),TestCircuit-Figure3,Pin6 floating,unless otherwisespecified) Figure4.VOUT vs VIN Figure5.LM2459 Pulse Response Figure6. Bandwidth Figure7.Speed vs Load Capacitance Figure8.Speed vs Offset Figure9.Speed vs Case Temperature

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POWER DISSIPATION (W) FREQUENCY (MHz) 77% ACTIVE TIME 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 CASE TEMPERATURE (ºC) POWER DISSIPATION (W) OBSOLETE LM2459 www.ti.com SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = +180VDC ,VBB = +8VDC ,C L = 10pF,VOUT = 130VPP (35V − 165V),TestCircuit-Figure3,Pin6 floating,unless otherwisespecified) Figure10.Power Dissipationvs Frequency Figure11.Power DeratingCurve Figure12.Cathode Pulse Response Table1.Power DissipationforVariousVideo Patterns Power Dissipation(W) Format Pattern 480i 480p Raster 0.5 0.5 FullWHite Field 1.2 1.2 WhiteBox,75% ScreenSize 0.9 0.9 Gray Bars 1.0 1.0 ColorBars75% Amplitude 0.8 0.8 ColorBars100% Amplitude 0.9 0.9 SMPTE ColorBars 0.8 0.8 SMPTE 133 1.0 1.1 CrossHatch16x12 0.7 0.7 ResolutionChart 1.1 1.2 Multiburst 1.4 1.9 WhiteTexton BlackBackground 1.5 2.2 Windows Pattern 0.9 1.2 Windows Pattern 0.9 1.2 Windows Pattern 1.4 1.7 Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Table1.Power DissipationforVariousVideo Patterns(continued) Power Dissipation(W) Format Pattern 480i 480p VerticalLines5 On 5 Off 1.3 1.7 VerticalLines4 On 4 Off 1.3 1.8 VerticalLines3 On 3 Off 1.5 2.2 VerticalLines2 On 2 Off 1.8 2.8 VerticalLines1 On 1 Off 2.8 3.8

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www.ti.com SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2459 isa highvoltagemonolithicsinglechannelCRT driversuitableforHDTV applications.The LM2459 operateswith180V and 8V power supplies.The partishoused ina staggered7-leadTO (KCS) molded plastic power package. The circuitdiagramoftheLM2459 isshown inFigure2.The PNP emitterfollower,Q5, providesinputbuffering. Q1 and Q2 forma fixedgaincascodeamplifierwithresistorsR1 and R2 settingthegainat−51.Emitterfollowers Q3 and Q4 isolatethehighoutputimpedance ofthecascode stagefrom thecapacitanceoftheCRT cathode which decreasesthe sensitivityof the deviceto load capacitance.Q6 providesbiasingto the outputemitter followerstagetoreducecrossoverdistortionatlowsignallevels. Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2459. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2459 ina 50Ω environmentwithouttheuse ofan expensiveFET probe.Inthistestcircuit,thetwo 4.99kΩ resistorsforma 400:1wideband,low capacitanceprobewhen connectedtoa 50Ω coaxialcableand a 50Ω load (suchas a 50Ω oscilloscopeinput).The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisac coupledtothebase ofQ5. APPLICATION HINTS INTRODUCTION Texas Instrumentsiscommittedto provideapplicationinformationthatassistsour customersinobtainingthe best performancepossiblefrom our products.The followinginformationisprovidedin orderto supportthis commitment.The readershouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprinted circuitboard designedatTI.Variationsinperformancecan be realizeddue tophysicalchanges intheprinted circuitboard and theapplication.Therefore,thedesignershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinordertooptimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpointforevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticaltoachievingmaximum performance. IMPORTANT INFORMATION The LM2459 performanceistargetedfortheHDTV market.The applicationcircuitsshown inthisdocument to optimizeperformanceand to protectagainstdamage from CRT arcoverare designed specificallyforthe LM2459. Ifanothermember oftheLM245X familyisused,pleaserefertoitsdatasheet. POWER SUPPLY BYPASS Since the LM2459 is a wide bandwidth amplifier,proper power supply bypassingis criticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultin largeovershoot,ringingor oscillation.0.1µF capacitorsshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypins,VCC and VBB , to ground,as closeto the LM2459 as is practical.Additionally,a 22µF or largerelectrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom both supplypinsto groundreasonablyclosetotheLM2459. Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com ARC PROTECTION During normal CRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Spark gaps, in the range of 300V, connectedfrom theCRT cathodestoCRT ground willlimitthemaximum voltage,buttoa valuethatismuch higherthanallowableon theLM2459. Thisfast,highvoltage,highenergypulsecan damage theLM2459 output stage.The applicationcircuitshown inFigure13 isdesignedto helpclamp the voltageat the outputof the LM2459 toa safelevel.The clamp diodes,D1 and D2, shouldhave a fasttransientresponse,highpeak current rating,low seriesimpedance and low shuntcapacitance.1SS83 orequivalentdiodesarerecommended. D1 and D2 shouldhave short,low impedance connectionstoVCC and groundrespectively.The cathodeofD1 shouldbe locatedveryclosetoa separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor(C3 inFigure13).The ground connectionofD2 and thedecouplingcapacitorshouldbe veryclosetotheLM2459 ground.Thiswillsignificantlyreducethehigh frequencyvoltagetransientsthatthe LM2459 would be subjectedto duringan arcovercondition.ResistorR2 limitsthearcovercurrentthatisseen by thediodeswhileR1 limitsthecurrentintotheLM2459 as wellas the voltagestressattheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a ½ W solidcarbontyperesistor.R1 can be a ¼ W metal orcarbonfilmtyperesistor.HavinglargevalueresistorsforR1 and R2 wouldbe desirable,butthishas theeffect ofincreasingriseand falltimes.InductorL1 iscriticaltoreducetheinitialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthatthe LM2459 would be subjectedto.The inductorwillnotonlyhelpprotectthedevicebutitwillalsohelpminimize riseand falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI. For properarcprotection,itisimportanttonotomitany ofthearc protectioncomponents shown inFigure13. Figure13. Recommended ApplicationCircuit EFFECT OF LOAD CAPACITANCE Figure7 shows the effectof increasedloadcapacitanceon the speed of the device.Thisdemonstratesthe importanceofknowingtheloadcapacitanceintheapplication. EFFECT OF OFFSET Figure8 shows the variationinriseand falltimeswhen the outputoffsetof the deviceisvariedfrom 95 to 105VDC .The risetimeshows a variationoflessthan7% relativetothecenterdatapoint(100VDC ).The falltime shows a variationof18% relativetothecenterdatapoint.

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134 C 70 CR 16.8 C / W3.8W /c176 /c45 /c176/c61 /c61 /c176 OBSOLETE LM2459 www.ti.com SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Figure9 shows the performanceof the LM2459 in the testcircuitshown in Figure3 as a functionof case temperature.The figureshows thattheriseand falltimesoftheLM2459 increaseby approximately18% and 29%, respectively,as the case temperatureincreasesfrom 50°C to 90°C. This correspondsto a speed degradationof5% and 7% forevery10°C riseincase temperature. Figure10 shows themaximum power dissipationoftheLM2459 vs.frequencywhen thedeviceisdrivinga 10pF loadwitha 130VPP alternatingone pixelon,one pixeloffsignal.The graphassumes a 77% activetime(device operatingatthespecifiedfrequency),whichistypicalina TV application.The other23% ofthetimethedeviceis assumed tobe sittingattheblacklevel(165V inthiscase).Table1 alsoshows thetypicalpower dissipationof theLM2459 forvariousvideopatternsinthe480iand 480p videoformats. Figure10, Figure11, and Table 1 give the designerthe informationneeded to determinethe heatsink requirementfortheLM2459. For example,ifan HDTV applicationuses the480p formatand "VerticalLines1 On 1 Off"isassumed tobe theworst-casepatterntobe displayed,thenthepower dissipatedwillbe 3.8W (from Table1).Figure11 shows thatthemaximum allowedcase temperatureis134°C when 3.8W isdissipated.Ifthe maximum expected ambient temperatureis 70°C, then a maximum heatsinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (1) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof10pF and no resistiveload.The designershouldnotethatiftheload capacitanceisincreased,thentheAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincrease. NOTE An LM126X preamplifier,withriseand falltimesof about 2 ns,was used to drivethe LM2459 forthese power measurements. Using a preamplifierwithriseand falltimes slowerthan the LM126X willcause the LM2459 to dissipatelesspower than shown in Table1. OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE Referringto Figure13, thereare threecomponents (R1, R2 and L1) thatcan be adjustedto optimizethe transientresponseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown while decreasingovershoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisvery importantto use inductorswithvery high self-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Ferritecore inductorsfromJ.W.MillerMagnetics(part# 78FR_ _k)were used foroptimizingtheperformanceofthedevicein theTIapplicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure14 can be used as a good startingpointfortheevaluation oftheLM2459. Usinga variableresistorforR1 willsimplifyfindingthevalueneeded foroptimum performancein a givenapplication.Once the optimum valueisdetermined,the variableresistorcan be replacedwitha fixed value. Figure 12 shows the typicalcathode pulse response with an outputswing of 110VPP using a LM1269 preamplifier. The transientresponsecan alsobe improvedby addinga capacitorfrompin6 tothegroundplaneused by the LM2459. A smallcapacitor,such as a 22pF ceramic,willnotablyimprovethe falltimeand onlyincreasethe overshootsand settlingtimesslightly.Note thatincreasingthecapacitancebeyond 22pF willonlyimprovethefall timemarginally,butwillincreasethesettlingtimessignificantly.Thisoptionallowsforbettermatchingbetween theriseand falltime. Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackare necessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfrom thepreamplifiertothe LM2459 and fromtheLM2459 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The followingreferencesare recommended: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 1013. Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because ofitshighsmallsignalbandwidth,thepartmay oscillateina TV iffeedbackoccursaround thevideo channelthroughthechassiswiring.To preventthis,leadstothevideoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded, and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring. TYPICAL APPLICATION A typicalapplicationoftheLM2459 isshown intheschematicfortheTIdemonstrationboardinFigure14.Used in conjunctionwithan LM126X preamplifier,a complete video channel from inputto CRT cathode can be achieved.PerformanceisidealforDTV applications.The TI demonstrationboard can be used toevaluatethe LM2459 ina TV. TIDEMONSTRATION BOARD Figure15 shows the routingand component placementon the TI LM2459 demonstrationboard.This board providesa good example of a layoutthatcan be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note the locationof the followingcomponents:

• C7203 — VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin1 and groundpins
• C7205 — VBB bypasscapacitor,locatedclosetopin4 and ground
• C7207 — VCC bypasscapacitor,nearLM2459 and VCC clamp diodes.Veryimportantforarcprotection. The routingoftheLM2459 outputtotheCRT isverycriticaltoachievingoptimum performance.Figure16 shows theroutingand component placementfrompin2 (VOUT )oftheLM2459 tothecathode.Note thatthecomponents are placedso thatthey almostlineup from the outputpin of the LM2459 to the cathode pin of the CRT connector.Thisisdone tominimizethelengthofthevideopathbetween thesetwo components.Note alsothat D7204, D7205, R7251 and D7214 areplacedtominimizethesizeofthevideonodes thattheyareattachedto. Thisminimizesparasiticcapacitanceinthe videopath and alsoenhances the effectivenessof the protection diodes.The anode ofprotectiondiodeD7204 isconnecteddirectlytoa sectionofthethegroundplanethathas a shortand directpath to the LM2459 ground pins.The cathodeof D7205 isconnectedto VCC verycloseto decouplingcapacitorC7207 (see Figure16) which isconnectedto the same sectionof the ground planeas D7204. The diodeplacementand routingisveryimportantforminimizingthe voltagestresson the LM2459 duringan arcoverevent.Lastly,noticethatSG7202 isplacedveryclosetothecathodeand istieddirectlyto CRT ground. Thisdemonstrationboard uses medium-sizedPCB holestoaccommodate socketpins,which functiontoallow formultipleinsertionsoftheLM2459 ina convenientmanner. To benefitfrom theenhanced LM2459 package withthinleads,thedeviceshouldbe securedinsmallPCB holestooptimizethemetal-to-metalspacingbetween theleads.

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www.ti.com SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure14. LM2459 DemonstrationBoard Schematic Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

SNOSA66B –MAY 2004–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure15. LM2459 DemonstrationBoard Layout Figure16. Trace Routing and Component Placement from LM2459 Output toCathode

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REVISION HISTORY

Changes from RevisionA (April2013)toRevisionB Page Copyright© 2004–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 13 ProductFolderLinks:LM2459

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