LM2445

LM2445 TI1 | Alldatasheet

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2445MonolithicTriple7.5nsCRTDriver Check forSamples: LM2445 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2445 isan integratedhighvoltageCRT driver 2• HigherGain toMatch LM126X CMOS circuitdesignedforuse incolormonitorapplications.Preamplifiers The IC containsthreehigh inputimpedance, wide• 0V to3.75VInputRange band amplifierswhich directlydrive the RGB

• StableWith 0–20 pF CapacitiveLoads and cathodes of a CRT. Each channel has itsgain internallyset to −20 and can driveCRT capacitiveInductivePeaking Networks loads as well as resistiveloads presentin other• Convenient TO-220 Staggered Lead Package applications,limitedonly by the package'spowerStyle dissipation.
• MaintainsStandard LM243X FamilyPinout The IC ispackaged in an industrystandard9-leadWhich isDesigned forEasy PCB Layout TO-220 molded plasticpower package. See the THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS section for moreAPPLICATIONS information.
• 1024 x 768 DisplaysUp To 85 Hz Refresh
• PixelClock FrequenciesUp To 95 MHz
• MonitorsUsing Video Blanking SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Figure1. SimplifiedSchematic Diagram (One Channel) Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. 2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com CONNECTION DIAGRAM Note:Tab isatGND Figure2. Top View

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage(VCC ) +90V BiasVoltage(VBB ) +16V InputVoltage(VIN) 0V to4.5V StorageTemperatureRange (TSTG ) −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature(Soldering,<10 sec.) 300°C ESD Tolerance Human Body Model 2 kV Machine Model 250V (1) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsindicatelimitsbeyond whichdamage tothedevicemay occur. (2) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexas InstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. OPERATING RANGES (1) VCC +60V to+85V VBB +8V to+15V VIN +0V to+3.75V VOUT +15V to+75V Case Temperature −20°C to+100°C Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink. (1) OperatingRatingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetestconditions listed.Some performancecharacteristicsmay change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit) Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +80V, VBB = +12V, C L = 8 pF,TC = 50°C DC Tests:VIN = 2.25VDC AC Tests:Output= 40VPP (25V -65V) at1MHz LM2445 Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Min Typical Max ICC SupplyCurrent AllThreeChannels,No InputSignal,No 30 mAOutputLoad IBB BiasCurrent AllThreeChannels 18 mA VOUT DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 1.25V 62 65 68 VDC AV DC VoltageGain No AC InputSignal −18 −20 −22 ΔAV Gain Matching See (1),No AC InputSignal 1.0 dB LE LinearityError See (1)(2),No AC InputSignal 5 % tR RiseTime See (3),10% to90% 7.5 ns tF FallTime See (3),90% to10% 8 ns OS Overshoot See (3) 1 % (1) CalculatedvaluefromVoltageGain teston each channel. (2) LinearityErroristhevariationindc gainfromVIN = 1.0VtoVIN = 3.5V. (3) Inputfromsignalgenerator:tr,tf< 1 ns. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com AC TEST CIRCUIT Note:8 pF loadincludesparasiticcapacitance. Figure3. TestCircuit(One Channel) Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2445. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2445 ina 50Ω environmentwithoutthe use of an expensiveFET probe.The two 2490Ω resistorsform a 200:1dividerwiththe50Ω resistorand theoscilloscope.A testpointisincludedforeasy use ofan oscilloscope probe.The compensationcapacitorisused tocompensate thestraycapacitanceofthetwo 2490Ω resistorsto achieveflatfrequencyresponse.

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +80 VDC ,VBB = +12 VDC ,C L = 8 pF,VOUT = 40 VPP (25V−65V),TestCircuit-Figure3 unlessotherwisespecified) Figure4.VOUT vs VIN Figure5.Speed vs Temp. Figure6.LM2445 Pulse Response Figure7.Power Dissipationvs Frequency Figure8.Speed vs Offset Figure9.Speed vs Load Capacitance Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2445 is a high voltagemonolithicthree channel CRT driversuitablefor high resolutiondisplay applications.The LM2445 operateswith80V and 12V power supplies.The partis housed in the industry standard9-leadTO-220 molded plasticpower package. The circuitdiagramoftheLM2445 isshown inFigure1.The PNP emitterfollower,Q5, providesinputbuffering. Q1 and Q2 forma fixedgaincascodeamplifierwithresistorsR1 and R2 settingthegainat−20.Emitterfollowers Q3 and Q4 isolatethehighoutputimpedance ofthecascode stagefrom thecapacitanceoftheCRT cathode which decreasesthe sensitivityof the deviceto load capacitance.Q6 providesbiasingto the outputemitter followerstagetoreducecrossoverdistortionatlowsignallevels. Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2445. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2445 ina 50Ω environmentwithouttheuse ofan expensiveFET probe.Inthistestcircuit,thetwo 2.49kΩ resistorsforma 200:1wideband,low capacitanceprobewhen connectedtoa 50Ω coaxialcableand a 50Ω load (suchas a 50Ω oscilloscopeinput).The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisac coupledtothebase ofQ5. APPLICATION HINTS INTRODUCTION Texas Instrumentsiscommittedto provideapplicationinformationthatassistsour customersinobtainingthe best performancepossiblefrom our products.The followinginformationisprovidedin orderto supportthis commitment.The readershouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprinted circuitboard designedatTI.Variationsinperformancecan be realizeddue tophysicalchanges intheprinted circuitboard and theapplication.Therefore,thedesignershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinordertooptimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpointforevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticaltoachievingmaximum performance. IMPORTANT INFORMATION The LM2445 performanceistargetedfortheVGA (640 x 480) toXGA (1024 x 768,85 Hz refresh)resolution market.The applicationcircuitsshown inthisdocument tooptimizeperformanceand toprotectagainstdamage from CRT arcoverare designedspecificallyfortheLM2445. Ifanothermember oftheLM246X familyisused, pleaserefertoitsdatasheet. POWER SUPPLY BYPASS Since the LM2445 is a wide bandwidth amplifier,proper power supply bypassingis criticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultin largeovershoot,ringingor oscillation.0.1 µF capacitorsshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypins,VCC and VBB , to ground,as closeto the LM2445 as is practical.Additionally,a 47 µF or largerelectrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom both supplypinsto groundreasonablyclosetotheLM2445.

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 ARC PROTECTION During normal CRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Spark gaps, in the range of 200V, connectedfrom theCRT cathodestoCRT ground willlimitthemaximum voltage,buttoa valuethatismuch higherthanallowableon theLM2445. Thisfast,highvoltage,highenergypulsecan damage theLM2445 output stage.The applicationcircuitshown inFigure10 isdesignedto helpclamp the voltageat the outputof the LM2445 toa safelevel.The clamp diodes,D1 and D2, shouldhave a fasttransientresponse,highpeak current rating,low seriesimpedance and low shuntcapacitance.FDH400 or equivalentdiodesare recommended. Do notuse 1N4148 diodesfortheclamp diodes.D1 and D2 shouldhave short,low impedance connectionstoVCC and ground respectively.The cathodeof D1 shouldbe locatedverycloseto a separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor(C3 inFigure10).The groundconnectionofD2 and thedecouplingcapacitorshouldbe verycloseto theLM2445 ground.ThiswillsignificantlyreducethehighfrequencyvoltagetransientsthattheLM2445 wouldbe subjectedtoduringan arcovercondition.ResistorR2 limitsthearcovercurrentthatisseen by thediodeswhile R1 limitsthecurrentintotheLM2445 as wellas thevoltagestressattheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a ½ W solidcarbontyperesistor.R1 can be a ¼ W metalorcarbonfilmtyperesistor.Havinglargevalueresistors forR1 and R2 would be desirable,butthishas theeffectofincreasingriseand falltimes.InductorL1 iscriticalto reducetheinitialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthattheLM2445 would be subjectedto.The inductorwillnotonly helpprotectthedevicebutitwillalsohelpminimizeriseand falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI. For properarc protection,itisimportanttonotomitany ofthearcprotectioncomponents shown inFigure10. Figure10. One Channel oftheLM2445 withtheRecommended ApplicationCircuit OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE Referringto Figure10, thereare threecomponents (R1, R2 and L1) thatcan be adjustedto optimizethe transientresponseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown while decreasingovershoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisvery importantto use inductorswithvery high self-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Ferritecore inductorsfromJ.W.MillerMagnetics(part# 78FR--k)were used foroptimizingtheperformanceofthedevicein theTIapplicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure12 and Figure13 can be used as a good startingpointfor the evaluationof the LM2445. Using variableresistorsforR1 and the parallelresistorwillsimplifyfindingthe valuesneeded foroptimum performanceina givenapplication.Once the optimum valuesare determinedthe variableresistorscan be replacedwithfixedvalues. EFFECT OF LOAD CAPACITANCE Figure9 shows the effectof increasedloadcapacitanceon the speed of the device.Thisdemonstratesthe importanceofknowingtheloadcapacitanceintheapplication. EFFECT OF OFFSET Figure8 shows thevariationinriseand falltimeswhen theoutputoffsetofthedeviceisvariedfrom 40 to50 VDC .The risetimeshows a maximum variationrelativetothecenterdatapoint(45 VDC ) lessthan5%. The fall timeshows a variationoflessthan8% relativetothecenterdatapoint. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Figure5 shows the performanceof the LM2445 in the testcircuitshown in Figure3 as a functionof case temperature.The figureshows thatthe risetimeof the LM2445 increasesby approximately10% as the case temperatureincreasesfrom50°C to100°C. Thiscorrespondstoa speed degradationof2% forevery10°C rise incase temperature.The falltimeincreasesby approximately7% as thecase temperatureincreasesfrom50°C to100°C. Figure7 shows the maximum power dissipationof the LM2445 vs.Frequency when allthreechannelsof the devicearedrivingan 8 pF loadwitha 40 Vp-p alternatingone pixelon,one pixeloffsignal.The graphassumes a 72% activetime(deviceoperatingatthespecifiedfrequency)whichistypicalina monitorapplication.The other 28% ofthetimethedeviceisassumed tobe sittingattheblacklevel(65V inthiscase).Thisgraph givesthe designertheinformationneeded todeterminetheheatsinkrequirementforhisapplication.The designershould notethatiftheloadcapacitanceisincreasedtheAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincrease. The LM2445 case temperaturemust be maintainedbelow 100°C. Ifthemaximum expectedambienttemperature insidethemonitoris70°C and thepower dissipationis4.4W (fromFigure7,50 MHz max. videofrequency),then a maximum heatsinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (1) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof8 pF and no resistiveload. TYPICAL APPLICATION A typicalapplicationoftheLM2445 isshown inFigure12 and Figure13.Used inconjunctionwithan LM1267, a completevideochannelfrom monitorinputtoCRT cathodecan be achieved.Performanceisidealfor1024 x 768 resolutiondisplayswithpixelclockfrequenciesup to95 MHz. Figure12 and Figure13 aretheschematicfor the TI demonstrationboard thatcan be used to evaluatethe LM1267/2466 combinationin a monitor,and Figure11 shows thetypicalresponseatthered cathodeforthisapplication.The inputvideorisetimeis3.2ns, and the peakingcomponent valuesare thoserecommended inFigure13. Table 1 shows the typicalcathode responseofallthreechannels. Figure11. Red Cathode Response Table1.LM2445 Cathode Response Channel tr/OS tf/OS Red 6.3ns/7% 6.3ns/3% Green 6.1ns/6% 5.9ns/4% Blue 6.5ns/3% 6.4ns/2%

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackare necessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfrom thepreamplifiertothe LM2445 and fromtheLM2445 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The followingreferencesare recommended: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 1013. Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because of itshighsmallsignalbandwidth,the partmay oscillateina monitoriffeedbackoccursaround the videochannelthroughthe chassiswiring.To preventthis,leadsto the videoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded,and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring. TIDEMONSTRATION BOARD Figure14 shows the routingand component placement on the TI LM1267/2466 demonstrationboard.The schematicoftheboardisshown inFigure12 and Figure13.Thisboardprovidesa good example ofa layoutthat can be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note thelocationofthefollowingcomponents:

• C19 — VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin4 and groundpins
• C20 — VBB bypasscapacitors,locatedclosetopin8 and ground
• C46, C47, C48 — VCC bypass capacitors,near LM2445 and VCC clamp diodes.Very importantforarc protection. The routingof the LM2445 outputsto the CRT isverycriticalto achievingoptimum performance.Figure15 shows the routingand component placementfrom pin 1 of the LM2445 to the blue cathode.Note thatthe components areplacedso thattheyalmostlineup fromtheoutputpinoftheLM2445 tothebluecathodepinof theCRT connector.Thisisdone tominimizethelengthofthevideopathbetween thesetwo components.Note alsothatD8, D9, R24 and D6 areplacedtominimizethesizeofthevideonodes thattheyareattachedto.This minimizesparasiticcapacitanceinthevideopathand alsoenhances theeffectivenessoftheprotectiondiodes. The anode ofprotectiondiodeD8 isconnecteddirectlytoa sectionofthethegroundplanethathas a shortand directpathtotheLM2445 groundpins.The cathodeofD9 isconnectedtoVCC veryclosetodecouplingcapacitor C19 (seeFigure15) which isconnectedtothesame sectionoftheground planeas D8. The diodeplacement and routingisveryimportantforminimizingthevoltagestresson theLM2445 duringan arcoverevent.Lastly, noticethatS3 isplacedveryclosetothebluecathodeand istieddirectlytoCRT ground. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure12. LM126X/LM246X DemonstrationBoard Schematic

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure13. LM126X/LM246X DemonstrationBoard Schematic (continued) Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure14. LM126X/LM246X Demo Board Layout

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www.ti.com SNOSA55B –MARCH 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure15. Trace Routing and Component Placement forBlue Channel Output Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 13 ProductFolderLinks:LM2445

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