LM2436

LM2436 TI1 | Alldatasheet

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2436MonolithicTriple7.5nsCRTDriver Check forSamples: LM2436 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2436 isan integratedhighvoltageCRT driver• WellMatched withLM1279 Video Preamp circuitdesignedforuse incolormonitorapplications.• 0V to5V InputRange The IC containsthreehigh inputimpedance, wide

• Stablewith0–20 pF CapacitiveLoads and band amplifierswhich directlydrive the RGB InductivePeaking Networks cathodes of a CRT. Each channel has itsgain internallyset to −14 and can driveCRT capacitive• Convenient TO-220 Staggered Lead Package loads as well as resistiveloads presentin otherStyle applications,limitedonly by the package'spower• Standard LM243X FamilyPinoutwhich is dissipation. Designed forEasy PCB Layout The IC ispackaged in an industrystandard9-lead TO-220 molded plasticpower package.See ThermalAPPLICATIONS Considerationsformore information.
• 1024 x 768 DisplaysUp To 85 Hz Refresh
• PixelClock FrequenciesUp To 100 MHz
• MonitorsUsing Video Blanking Schematic Diagram Figure1. SimplifiedSchematic Diagram (One Channel) Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Connection Diagram Note:Tab isatGND See Package Number NEC These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates.

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage(VCC ) +90V BiasVoltage(VBB ) +16V InputVoltage(VIN) 0V to6V StorageTemperatureRange (TSTG ) −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature Soldering,<10 sec 300°C ESD Tolerance Human Body Model 2 kV Machine Model 250V (1) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (2) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsindicatelimitsbeyond whichdamage tothedevicemay occur. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexas InstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. OPERATING RANGES (1) VCC +60V to+85V VBB +8V to+15V VIN +0V to+5V VOUT +15V to+75V Case Temperature Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink. −20°C to+100°C (1) Operatingratingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see theELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetest conditionslisted.Some performancecharacteristicsmay change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit) Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +80V, VBB = +12V, VIN = +2.7VDC ,C L = 8 pF,Output= 40 VPP at1 MHz, TC = 50°C. LM2436 Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Min Typical Max ICC SupplyCurrent AllThreeChannels,No InputSignal,No 30 mAOutputLoad IBB BiasCurrent AllThreeChannels 12 mA VOUT DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 1.2V 62 65 68 VDC AV DC VoltageGain No AC InputSignal −12 −14 −16 ΔAV Gain Matching See (1),No AC InputSignal 1.0 dB LE LinearityError See (1)(2),No AC InputSignal 8 % tR RiseTime See (3),10% to90% 7.5 ns tF FallTime See (3),90% to10% 7.5 ns OS Overshoot See (3) 1 % (1) CalculatedvaluefromVoltageGain teston each channel. (2) LinearityErroristhevariationindc gainfromVIN = 1.0VtoVIN = 4.5V. (3) Inputfromsignalgenerator:tr,tf< 1 ns. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2436

SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com AC TEST CIRCUIT 8 pF loadincludesparasiticcapacitance. Figure2. TestCircuit(One Channel) Figure2 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2436. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2436 ina 50Ω environmentwithoutthe use of an expensiveFET probe.The two 2490Ω resistorsform a 200:1dividerwiththe50Ω resistorand theoscilloscope.A testpointisincludedforeasy use ofan oscilloscope probe.Thecompensationcapacitorisused tocompensate thestraycapacitanceofthetwo 2490Ω resistorsto achieveflatfrequencyresponse.

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +80 VDC ,VBB = +12 VDC ,C L = 8 pF,VOUT = 40 VPP (25V−65V),TestCircuit-Figure2 unlessotherwisespecified) VOUT vs VIN Speed vs Temp. Figure3. Figure4. LM2436 Pulse Response Power Dissipationvs Frequency Figure5. Figure6. Speed vs Offset Speed vs Load Capacitance Figure7. Figure8. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2436

SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2436 is a high voltagemonolithicthree channel CRT driversuitablefor high resolutiondisplay applications.The LM2436 operateswith80V and 12V power supplies.The partis housed in the industry standard9-leadTO-220 molded plasticpower package. The circuitdiagramoftheLM2436 isshown inFigure1.The PNP emitterfollower,Q5, providesinputbuffering. Q1 and Q2 forma fixedgaincascodeamplifierwithresistorsR1 and R2 settingthegainat−14.Emitterfollowers Q3 and Q4 isolatethehighoutputimpedance ofthecascode stagefrom thecapacitanceoftheCRT cathode which decreasesthe sensitivityof the deviceto load capacitance.Q6 providesbiasingto the outputemitter followerstagetoreducecrossoverdistortionatlowsignallevels. Figure2 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2436. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2436 ina 50Ω environmentwithouttheuse ofan expensiveFET probe.Inthistestcircuit,thetwo 2.49kΩ resistorsforma 200:1wideband,low capacitanceprobewhen connectedtoa 50Ω coaxialcableand a 50Ω load (suchas a 50Ω oscilloscopeinput).The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisac coupledtothebase ofQ5. APPLICATION HINTS Introduction Texas Instruments(TI)iscommittedtoprovideapplicationinformationthatassistsourcustomersinobtainingthe best performancepossiblefrom our products.The followinginformationisprovidedin orderto supportthis commitment.The readershouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprinted circuitboard designedatTI.Variationsinperformancecan be realizeddue tophysicalchanges intheprinted circuitboard and theapplication.Therefore,thedesignershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinordertooptimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpointforevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticaltoachievingmaximum performance. ImportantInformation The LM2436 performanceistargetedfortheXGA (1024x 768,85 Hz refresh)resolutionmarket.The application circuitsshown inthisdocument tooptimizeperformanceand toprotectagainstdamage from CRT arcoverare designedspecificallyfortheLM2436. Ifanothermember ofthe243X familyisused,pleaserefertoitsdatasheet fordevicespecificinformation. Power Supply Bypass Since the LM2436 is a wide bandwidth amplifier,proper power supply bypassingis criticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultin largeovershoot,ringingor oscillation.0.1 µF capacitorsshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypins,VCC and VBB , to ground,as closeto the LM2436 as is practical.Additionally,a 47 µF or largerelectrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom both supplypinsto groundreasonablyclosetotheLM2436. Arc Protection During normal CRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Spark gaps, in the range of 200V, connectedfrom theCRT cathodestoCRT ground willlimitthemaximum voltage,buttoa valuethatismuch higherthanallowableon theLM2436. Thisfast,highvoltage,highenergypulsecan damage theLM2436 output stage.The applicationcircuitshown in Figure9 isdesignedto help clamp the voltageat the outputof the LM2436 toa safelevel.The clamp diodes,D1 and D2, shouldhave a fasttransientresponse,highpeak current rating,low seriesimpedance and low shuntcapacitance.FDH400 or equivalentdiodesare recommended. Do notuse 1N4148 diodesfortheclamp diodes.D1 and D2 shouldhave short,low impedance connectionstoVCC and ground respectively.The cathodeof D1 shouldbe locatedverycloseto a separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor(C3 inFigure9).The groundconnectionofD2 and thedecouplingcapacitorshouldbe veryclosetothe LM2436 ground.ThiswillsignificantlyreducethehighfrequencyvoltagetransientsthattheLM2436 would be subjectedtoduringan arcovercondition.ResistorR2 limitsthearcovercurrentthatisseen by thediodeswhile R1 limitsthecurrentintotheLM2436 as wellas thevoltagestressattheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 ½ W solidcarbontyperesistor.R1 can be a ¼ W metalorcarbonfilmtyperesistor.Havinglargevalueresistors forR1 and R2 would be desirable,butthishas theeffectofincreasingriseand falltimes.InductorL1 iscriticalto reducetheinitialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthattheLM2436 would be subjectedto.The inductorwillnotonly helpprotectthedevicebutitwillalsohelpminimizeriseand falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI. For properarc protection,itisimportanttonotomitany ofthearcprotectioncomponents shown inFigure9. Figure9. One Channel oftheLM2436 withtheRecommended ApplicationCircuit OptimizingTransientResponse ReferringtoFigure9,therearethreecomponents (R1,R2 and L1)thatcan be adjustedtooptimizethetransient responseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown whiledecreasing overshoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisveryimportant touse inductorswithveryhighself-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Ferritecoreinductorsfrom J.W. MillerMagnetics(part# 78FR56M) were used foroptimizingthe performanceof the devicein the TI applicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure9 can be used as a good startingpointfortheevaluationofthe LM2436. The TI demo board alsohas a positionopen toadd a resistorinparallelwithL1.Thisresistorcan be used tohelpcontrolovershoot.Using variableresistorsforR1 and theparallelresistorwillsimplifyfindingthe valuesneeded foroptimum performanceina givenapplication.Once the optimum valuesare determinedthe variableresistorscan be replacedwithfixedvalues. EffectofLoad Capacitance Figure8 shows the effectof increasedloadcapacitanceon the speed of the device.Thisdemonstratesthe importanceofknowingtheloadcapacitanceintheapplication. EffectofOffset Figure7 shows thevariationinriseand falltimeswhen theoutputoffsetofthedeviceisvariedfrom 40 to50 VDC .The risetimeshows a maximum variationrelativetothecenterdatapoint(45 VDC ) lessthan5%. The fall timeshows a variationlessthan4% relativetothecenterdatapoint. Thermal Considerations Figure4 shows the performanceof the LM2436 in the testcircuitshown in Figure2 as a functionof case temperature.The figureshows thatthe risetimeof the LM2436 increasesby approximately8% as the case temperatureincreasesfrom40°C to100°C. Thiscorrespondstoa speed degradationof1.3% forevery10°C rise incase temperature.Thefalltimeincreasesby approximately4% as thecase temperatureincreasesfrom40°C to100°C. Figure6 shows the maximum power dissipationof the LM2436 vs.Frequency when allthreechannelsof the devicearedrivingan 8 pF loadwitha 40 Vp-p alternatingone pixelon,one pixeloffsignal.The graphassumes a 72% activetime(deviceoperatingatthespecifiedfrequency)whichistypicalina monitorapplication.The other 28% ofthetimethedeviceisassumed tobe sittingattheblacklevel(65V inthiscase).Thisgraph givesthe designertheinformationneeded todeterminetheheatsinkrequirementforhisapplication.The designershould notethatiftheloadcapacitanceisincreasedtheAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincrease. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2436

SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com The LM2436 case temperaturemust be maintainedbelow 100°C. Ifthemaximum expectedambienttemperature insidethemonitoris70°C and thepower dissipationis4.2W (fromFigure6,50 MHz max videofrequency)then a maximum heatsinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (1) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof8 pF and no resistiveload. TypicalApplication A typicalapplicationoftheLM2436 isshown inFigure11.Used inconjunctionwithan LM1279, a completevideo channelfrom monitorinputto CRT cathodecan be achieved.Performanceisidealfor1024 x 768 resolution displayswithpixelclockfrequenciesup to100 MHz. Figure11 istheschematicfortheTI demonstrationboard thatcan be used toevaluatetheLM1279/2436 combinationina monitor,and Figure10 shows theresponseat thered cathodeforthisapplication.The inputvideorisetimeis3.2ns,and thepeakingcomponent valuesare thoserecommended inFigure11.Table1 shows thetypicalcathoderesponseofallthreechannels. Figure10. Red Cathode Response Table1.LM2436 Cathode Response tr/OS tf/OS Red 7.7ns /7% 7.7ns /5% Green 7.7ns /6% 7.5ns /6% Blue 7.4ns /7% 7.3ns /7% PC Board Layout Considerations For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackare necessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfrom thepreamplifiertothe LM2436 and fromtheLM2436 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The followingreferencesare recommended: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 1013. Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because of itshighsmallsignalbandwidth,the partmay oscillateina monitoriffeedbackoccursaround the videochannelthroughthe chassiswiring.To preventthis,leadsto the videoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded,and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring.

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 TIDemonstrationBoard Figure12 shows the routingand component placement on the TI LM1279/2436 demonstrationboard.The schematicoftheboardisshown inFigure11.Thisboardprovidesa good example ofa layoutthatcan be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note thelocationofthefollowingcomponents:

• C55 — VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin4 and groundpins
• C43, C44 — VBB bypasscapacitors,locatedclosetopin8 and ground
• C53 –C56 — VCC bypasscapacitors,nearLM2436 and VCC clamp diodes.Veryimportantforarcprotection. The routingof the LM2436 outputsto the CRT isverycriticalto achievingoptimum performance.Figure13 shows the routingand component placementfrom pin 1 of the LM2436 to the blue cathode.Note thatthe components areplacedso thattheyalmostlineup fromtheoutputpinoftheLM2436 tothebluecathodepinof theCRT connector.Thisisdone tominimizethelengthofthevideopathbetween thesetwo components.Note alsothatD14, D15, R29 and D13 areplacedtominimizethesizeofthevideonodes thattheyareattachedto. Thisminimizesparasiticcapacitanceinthe videopath and alsoenhances the effectivenessof the protection diodes.The anode ofprotectiondiodeD14 isconnecteddirectlytoa sectionofthegroundplanethathas a short and directpathtotheLM2436 ground pins.The cathodeofD15 isconnectedtoVCC veryclosetodecoupling capacitorC55 (seeFigure13) which isconnectedtothesame sectionoftheground planeas D14. The diode placementand routingisvery importantforminimizingthe voltagestresson the LM2436 duringan arcover event.Lastly,noticethatS3 isplacedveryclosetothebluecathodeand istieddirectlytoCRT ground. Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2436

SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure11. LM1279/243X DemonstrationBoard Schematic

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www.ti.com SNOSA13B –JUNE 2002–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure12. LM1279/243X Demo Board Layout Figure13. Trace Routing and Component Placement forBlue Channel Output Copyright© 2002–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2436

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