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www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2422TE220VMonolithicTripleChannel30MHzCRTDTVDriver Check forSamples: LM2422TE 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2422 is a triplechannel high voltageCRT 2• 30 MHz Bandwidth drivercircuitdesigned foruse in DTV applications.• CurrentOutput forIK Feedback Systems The IC containsthreehigh inputimpedance, wide

  • Greaterthan 130VP-P Output Swing Capability band amplifierswhich directlydrive the RGB cathodes of a CRT. Each channel has itsgain• 0V to5V inputvoltagerange internallyset to −52 and can driveCRT capacitive• Stablewith0 pF–20 pF CapacitiveLoads and loads as well as resistiveloads presentin otherInductivePeaking Networks applications,limitedonly by the package'spower
  • Convenient TO-220 Staggered Thin Lead dissipation. Package Style The IC ispackaged inan industrystandard11-lead TO-220 molded plasticpower package designedAPPLICATIONS specificallyto meet high voltage spacing requirements.See THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS• DC Coupled HDTV ApplicationsUsing the section.1080iFormat as wellas Other DTV and Standard TV Formats. Connection Diagram Schematic Diagram Figure1. Top View See Package Number TO-220 Figure2. SimplifiedSchematic Diagram (One Channel) These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates. Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. 2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage(VCC ) +250V BiasVoltage(VBB ) +16V InputVoltage(VIN) −0.5VtoVBB +0.5V StorageTemperatureRange (TSTG ) −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature(Soldering,<10 sec.) 300°C ESD Tolerance, Human Body Model 2 kV Machine Model 200V JunctionTemperature 150°C θJC (typ) 1.8°C/W (1) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (2) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsindicatelimitsbeyond whichdamage tothedevicemay occur. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTISalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. OPERATING RATINGS (1) VCC +100V to+230V VBB +7V to+13V VIN +0V to+5V VOUT +40V to+215V Case Temperature(22W max power) 110°C Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink.Heat sinkmust have a thermalresistanceunder2.3°C/W.(2) (1) Operatingratingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see theElectricalCharacteristics.Datasheetmin/max specificationlimitsarespecifiedby design,test, orstatisticalanalysis.The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetestconditionslisted.Some performancecharacteristicsmay change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions. (2) Runningthe1 MHz to30 MHz testpatternat1080ithispartwilldissipateapproximately22 W. Thisisthecommonly acceptedtest patternthatisrepresentativeoftheworstcase highfrequencycontentfornormaltelevisionviewing.Thisisthepatternused toestimate theworstcase power dissipationoftheLM2422 initsnormalapplication.Itisrecommended touse a heatsinkwitha thermalresistance of2.3°C/W orbetter.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit). Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +220V, VBB = +12V, C L = 10 pF,TC = 60°C. DC Tests:VIN = +2.7VDC . AC Tests:Output= 110VPP (80V – 190V) at1 MHz. LM2422 Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Min Typ Max ICC SupplyCurrent No InputSignal,No VideoInput,No OutputLoad 36 45 54 mA IBB BiasCurrent 18 27 36 mA VOUT, 1 DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 2.7VDC 124 129 134 VDC VOUT, 2 DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 1.2VDC 200 205 210 VDC AV DC VoltageGain No AC InputSignal −49 −52 −55 V/V ΔAV Gain Matching No AC InputSignal(1) 1.0 dB LE LinearityError No AC InputSignal(1)(2) 8 % tr RiseTime,80V to190V 10% to90% (3) 12 ns +OS Overshoot 12 % tf FallTime,80V to190V 90% to10% (3) 12 ns −OS Overshoot See (3) 4 % IkERROR CurrentOutputError OutputCurrent= 0 µA to200 µA −52 0 52 μA ΔIkERROR CurrentOutputDifference OutputCurrent= 0 µA to200 µA 0 NA 32 μABetween Channels (1) CalculatedvaluefromVoltageGain teston each channel. (2) LinearityErroristhevariationinDC gainfromVIN = 1.15VtoVIN = 4.35V. (3) Inputfromsignalgenerator:tr,tf< 1 ns.

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+220V+12V C L = 10 pF 50: Output to 50: Scope 10 PF 0.1 PF 1,3,5 2422 10,8,6 47 PF 0.1 PF VADJ 50: 1000: 0.47 PF 0.01 PF VIN 7 50: Test Point 4990: 4990: 0.1 PF Pulse Generator Input OBSOLETE LM2422TE www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 AC TEST CIRCUIT Note:10 pF loadincludesparasiticcapacitance. Figure3. TestCircuit(One Channel) Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2422. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2422 ina 50Ω environmentwithoutthe use of an expensiveFET probe.The two 4990Ω resistorsform a 400:1dividerwiththe50Ω resistorand theoscilloscope.A testpointisincludedforeasy use ofan oscilloscope probe.The compensationcapacitorisused tocompensate thenetworktoachieveflatfrequencyresponse. Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +220VDC ,VBB = +12VDC ,C L = 10 pF,VOUT = 110VPP (80V – 190V),TC = 60°C, TestCircuit— Figure3 unlessotherwise specified) VOUT vs VIN LM2422 Pulse Response Figure4. Figure5. Bandwidth Speed vs Load Capacitance Figure6. Figure7. Speed vs Offset Speed vs Case Temperature Figure8. Figure9.

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www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = +220VDC ,VBB = +12VDC ,C L = 10 pF,VOUT = 110VPP (80V – 190V),TC = 60°C, TestCircuit— Figure3 unlessotherwise specified) Power Dissipationvs Frequency Safe OperatingArea Figure10. Figure11. LM2422 Cathode Response Figure12. Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2422 isa highvoltagemonolithicthreechannelCRT driversuitableforDTV applications.The LM2422 operateswith220V and 12V power supplies.The partishoused intheindustrystandard11-leadTO-220 molded plasticpower package withthinleadsforimprovedmetal-to-metalspacing. The circuitdiagramoftheLM2422 isshown inFigure2.The PNP emitterfollower,Q5, providesinputbuffering. Q1 and Q2 forma fixedgaincascodeamplifierwithresistorsR1 and R2 settingthegainat−52.Emitterfollowers Q3 and Q4 isolatethehighoutputimpedance ofthecascode stagefrom thecapacitanceoftheCRT cathode, which decreasesthe sensitivityof the deviceto load capacitance.Q6 providesbiasingto the outputemitter followerstagetoreducecrossoverdistortionatlowsignallevels. Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2422. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2422 ina 50Ω environmentwithouttheuse ofan expensiveFET probe.Inthistestcircuit,thetwo 4.99kΩ resistorsforma 400:1wideband,low capacitanceprobewhen connectedtoa 50Ω coaxialcableand a 50Ω load (suchas a 50Ω oscilloscopeinput).The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisac coupledtothebase ofQ5.

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+220V+12V INPUT 220:L1 D1 CATHODE C2C1 1/2W1.8 PH360: OBSOLETE LM2422TE www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 APPLICATION HINTS INTRODUCTION Texas Instrumentsiscommittedto provideapplicationinformationthatassistsour customersinobtainingthe best performancepossiblefrom our products.The followinginformationisprovidedin orderto supportthis commitment.The readershouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprinted circuitboard designedatTI.Variationsinperformancecan be realizeddue tophysicalchanges intheprinted circuitboard and theapplication.Therefore,thedesignershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinordertooptimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpointforevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticaltoachievingmaximum performance. IMPORTANT INFORMATION The LM2422 performanceistargetedfortheHDTV market.The applicationcircuitsshown inthisdocument to optimizeperformanceand to protectagainstdamage from CRT arc over are designed specificallyforthe LM2422. Ifanothermember oftheLM242X familyisused,pleaserefertoitsdatasheet. POWER SUPPLY BYPASS Since the LM2422 is a wide bandwidth amplifier,proper power supply bypassingis criticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultin largeovershoot,ringingor oscillation.0.1 µF capacitorsshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypins,VCC and VBB , to ground,as closeto the LM2422 as is practical.Additionally,a 22 µF or largerelectrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom both supplypinsto groundreasonablyclosetotheLM2422. ARC PROTECTION DuringnormalCRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Thisfast,highvoltage,high-energypulse can damage theLM2422 outputstage.The applicationcircuitshown inFigure13 isdesignedtohelpclamp the voltageattheoutputoftheLM2422 toa safelevel.The clamp diodes,D1 and D2, shouldhave a fasttransient response,high peak currentrating,low seriesimpedance and low shunt capacitance.1SS83 or equivalent diodes are recommended. D1 and D2 should have short,low impedance connectionsto VCC and ground respectively.The cathodeofD1 shouldbe locatedveryclosetoa separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor(C3 in Figure13).The ground connectionof D2 and the decouplingcapacitorshouldbe verycloseto the LM2422 ground.ThiswillsignificantlyreducethehighfrequencyvoltagetransientsthattheLM2422 would be subjected toduringan arcovercondition.ResistorR2 limitsthearcovercurrentthatisseen by thediodeswhileR1 limits thecurrentintotheLM2422 as wellas thevoltagestressattheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a ½ W solid carbontyperesistor.R1 can be a ¼ W metalorcarbonfilmtyperesistor.HavinglargevalueresistorsforR1 and R2 wouldbe desirable,butthishas theeffectofincreasingriseand falltimes.InductorL1 iscriticaltoreducethe initialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthattheLM2422 wouldbe subjectedto.The inductorwillnotonlyhelpprotect thedevicebutitwillalsohelpminimizeriseand falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI.Forproperarcprotection,itis importanttonotomitany ofthearcprotectioncomponents shown inFigure13. Figure13. One Channel oftheLM2422 withtheRecommended ApplicationCircuit Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

R TH = 110oC - 60oC 22W = 2.3oC/W OBSOLETE LM2422TE SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com EFFECT OF LOAD CAPACITANCE Figure7 shows the effectof increasedloadcapacitanceon the speed of the device.Thisdemonstratesthe importanceofknowingtheloadcapacitanceintheapplication.Increasingtheloadcapacitancefrom10 pF to20 pF adds about4.5ns totherisetimeand 3.5ns tothefalltime.Itisimportanttokeep theboardcapacitanceas lowas possibletomaximizethespeed ofthedriver. EFFECT OF OFFSET Figure8 shows thevariationinriseand falltimeswhen theoutputoffsetofthedeviceisvariedfrom 120V to 130VDC .Offsethas littleeffecton theLM2422. The risetimeincreaseslessthan0.5ns as theoffsetisincreased involtageand thefalltimedecreasesby about0.5ns withthesame offsetadjustment. THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Figure9 shows the performanceof the LM2422 in the testcircuitshown in Figure3 as a functionof case temperature.The figureshows thattherisetimeoftheLM2422 increasesby about2ns as thecase temperature increasesfrom30°C to110°C. Over thesame case temperaturerangethefalltimeincreasedby about2.5ns. Figure10 shows themaximum power dissipationoftheLM2422 vs.Frequencywhen allthreechannelsofthe devicearedrivingintoa 10 pF loadwitha 110VP-P alternatingone pixelon,one pixeloff.Note thatthefrequency giveninFigure10 ishalfofthepixelfrequency.The graphassumes a 72% activetime(deviceoperatingatthe specifiedfrequency),whichistypicalina TV application.The other28% ofthetimethedeviceisassumed tobe sittingattheblacklevel(190V inthiscase).A TV picturewillnothave frequencycontentoverthewhole picture exceeding20 MHz. Itisimportanttoestablishtheworstcase conditionunder normalviewingtogivea realistic worst-casepower dissipationfortheLM2422. One testisa 1 to30 MHz sinewave sweep overtheactiveline. This would givea slightlylowerpower than takingthe average of the power between 1 and 30 MHz. This average is23.5 W. A sinewave willdissipateslightlylesspower, probablyabout 21 W or 22 W of power dissipation.Allof thisinformationis criticalforthe designerto establishthe heat sinkrequirementforhis application.The designershouldnote thatifthe loadcapacitanceisincreasedthe AC component of the total power dissipationwillalsoincrease. The LM2422 case temperaturemust be maintainedbelow 110°C giventhemaximum power dissipationestimate of22W. Ifthemaximum expectedambienttemperatureis60°C and themaximum power dissipationis22W then a maximum heatsinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (1) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof10 pF and no resistiveload.The designershouldnotethatiftheload capacitanceisincreasedtheAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincrease. OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE Referringto Figure13, thereare threecomponents (R1, R2 and L1) thatcan be adjustedto optimizethe transientresponseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown while decreasingovershoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisvery importantto use inductorswithvery high self-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Ferritecore inductorsfromJ.W.MillerMagnetics(part# 78FR--K)were used foroptimizingtheperformanceofthedevicein theTIapplicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure13 can be used as a good startingpointfortheevaluation oftheLM2422. Usinga variableresistorforR1 willsimplifyfindingthevalueneeded foroptimum performancein a givenapplication.Once the optimum valueisdeterminedthe variableresistorcan be replacedwitha fixed value.Due toarcoverconsiderationsitisrecommended thatthevaluesshown inFigure13 notbe changed by a largeamount. Figure12 shows thetypicalcathodepulseresponsewithan outputswingof110VPP insidea modifiedproduction TV setusingtheLM1237 pre-amp.

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www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackarenecessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfromthesignalinputstothe LM2422 and fromtheLM2422 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The followingreferencesare recommended: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,TIApplicationNote 1013. Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because ofitshighsmallsignalbandwidth,thepartmay oscillateina TV iffeedbackoccursaround thevideo channelthroughthechassiswiring.To preventthis,leadstothevideoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded, and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring. TYPICAL APPLICATION A typicalapplicationoftheLM2422 isshown inFigure14.Used inconjunctionwitha pre-amp witha 1.2V black leveloutputno buffertransistorsarerequiredtoobtainthecorrectblacklevelatthecathodes.Ifthepre-amp has a blacklevelcloserto2V, thenan NPN transistorshouldbe used todropthevideoblacklevelvoltagecloserto 1.2V. The neck boardinFigure14 has two transistorsineach channelenablingthisboardtowork withpre-ampswith a blackleveloutputas highas 2.5V.Some popularAVPs do have a blacklevelof2.5V.For lowerblacklevels eitherone orbothtransistorswouldnotbe used. ItisimportantthattheTV designeruse component valuesforthedriveroutputstageclosetothevaluesshown inFigure14.These valueshave been selectedtoprotecttheLM2422 fromarcover.DiodesD1 –D6 must alsobe used forproperarcoverprotection.The TIdemonstrationboardcan be used toevaluatetheLM2422 ina TV. TIDEMONSTRATION BOARD Figure15 shows the routingand component placementon the TI LM2422 demonstrationboard.This board providesa good example of a layoutthatcan be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note the locationof the followingcomponents:

  • C4 — VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin2 and groundpins
  • C6 — VBB bypasscapacitor,locatedclosetopin11 and ground
  • C5, C8 — VCC bypasscapacitors,nearLM2422 and VCC clamp diodes.Veryimportantforarcprotection. The routingof the LM2422 outputsto the CRT isverycriticalto achievingoptimum performance.Figure16 shows theroutingand component placementfrom pin10 (VOUT1 ) oftheLM2422 tothebluecathode.Note that thecomponents areplacedso thattheyalmostlineup fromtheoutputpinoftheLM2422 tothebluecathodepin of the CRT connector.Thisisdone to minimizethe lengthof the videopath between thesetwo components. Note alsothatD1, D2 and R3 areplacedtominimizethesizeofthevideonodes thattheyareattachedto.This minimizesparasiticcapacitanceinthevideopathand alsoenhances theeffectivenessoftheprotectiondiodes. The anode ofprotectiondiodeD2 isconnecteddirectlytoa sectionoftheground planethathas a shortand directpathtotheheatergroundand theLM2422 groundpins.The cathodeofD1 isconnectedtoVCC veryclose todecouplingcapacitorC5 whichisconnectedtothesame areaofthegroundtraceas D2. The diodeplacement and routingisveryimportantforminimizingthevoltagestresson theLM2422 duringan arcoverevent. Thisdemonstrationboarduses largePCB holestoaccommodate socketpins,whichfunctiontoallowformultiple insertionsof the LM2422 in a convenientmanner. To benefitfrom the enhanced LM2422 package withthin leads,the deviceshouldbe securedinsmallPCB holesto optimizethe metal-to-metalspacingbetween the leads. Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com CURRENT OUTPUT FOR IK FEEDBACK SYSTEMS The LM2422 can be used inDTV applicationsthatuse an IK feedbacksystem.Figure14 shows an example of an interfacecircuitused tofeedback theIKoutputofLM2422 toa preamplifierwithan ac coupledIKinput. This feedback system consistsof the preamp, LM2422, and interfacecircuit,forminga closed loop to automaticallyadjusttheblacklevelofthedrivesignalstothecutoffpointoftheRGB cathodes.Followingisa descriptionoftheinterfacecircuitoperation. The outputatpin9 oftheLM2422 isfilteredofhighfrequencynoiseby C14. D7 isused tolimitthepeak voltage atpin9.Withoutthisclamp diodethevoltagewould easilyexceed 12V duringactivevideo,inwhichthecathode currentsaremuch greaterthanthesmallcurrentsbeingdetectedduringverticalblanking.Exceeding12V could damage Q1 and resultinimproperoperationofthedriver. R35 isessentialtoconverttheIK currenttovoltage.Choosing thevalueofR35 setsthegainofthefeedback voltage,and consequently,theoperatingpointofthetube.Once a stableoperatingpointisestablished,thispoint can be fine-tunedusingtheadjustmentrangeofthefeedbacksystemorstandardpreamp controls.Changingthe valueofR35 willchange thecutoffvoltageatthecathode.A smallervalueofR35 requiresmore IK currentto maintainthefeedbackloop.The cutoffvoltagesetatthecathodewillbe lowertoadjusttothehigherIK current. This additionalcurrentmust come from the cathode;therefore,the cathode voltageislowerto meet higher currentrequirement.A highervalueof R35 willdo the opposite,raisingthe cathodevoltagebecause lessIK currentisneeded tomaintainthesame voltageatR35. The emitterfollower,Q1, isolatesR35 fromtheinputimpedance ofthepreamp.R20 and R21 biastheemitterof Q1 tolimitthemaximum voltagetothepreamp. These resistorvaluesshouldbe chosen tolimitthemaximum voltageattheemitterand protectthepreamp from any largevoltagesthatwould otherwiseoccurduringactive video.C12 isused forfurtherfilteringoftheIK signal.C9 isused toAC coupletheIK signaltothepreamp.The advantageof AC couplingisthatany DC component (leakagecurrentfrom the driver)of the IK signalisnot detectedby theIKsense inputofthepreamp.

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www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure14. LM2422 DTV ApplicationsCircuit Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure15. LM2422 DTV DemonstrationBoard Layout

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www.ti.com SNOSAL1D –JANUARY 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure16. Trace Routing and Component Placement forBlue Channel Output Copyright© 2005–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 13 ProductFolderLinks:LM2422TE

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REVISION HISTORY

Changes from RevisionC (April2013)toRevisionD Page

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