LM2403

LM2403 TI1 | Alldatasheet

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2403MonolithicTriple4.5nSCRTDriver Check forSamples: LM2403 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2403 isan integratedhighvoltageCRT driver 2• Rise/fallTimes Typically4.5nS with8 pF Load circuitdesigned for use in high resolutioncolorat40 Vpp monitorapplications.The IC containsthreehighinput• WellMatched withLM1283 Video Preamp impedance,wide band amplifierswhich directlydrive

• Output Swing Capability:60 Vpp forVCC = 80V the RGB cathodesof a CRT. Each channelhas its gain internallyset to −14 and can drive CRT• 1V to5V InputRange capacitiveloadsas wellas resistiveloadspresented• Stablewith0 pF–20 pF CapacitiveLoads and by otherapplications,limitedonlyby the package'sInductivePeaking Networks power dissipation.
• Convenient TO-220 Staggered Lead Package The IC ispackaged inan industrystandard11 leadStyle TO-220 molded plasticpower package. See
• Standard LM240X FamilyPinoutwhich is THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS on page 8. Designed forEasy PCB Layout

APPLICATIONS

• CRT DriverforColorMonitorswithDisplay ResolutionsUp To 1600 x 1200
• PixelClock Frequency Up To 160 MHz Schematic and Connection Diagrams Figure1. SimplifiedSchematic Diagram (One Channel) Figure2. Top View Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. 2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage(VCC ) +90V BiasVoltage(VBB ) +16V InputVoltage(VIN) −0.5VtoVBIAS +0.5V StorageTemperatureRange (TSTG ) −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature Soldering,<10 sec 300°C ESD Tolerance Human Body Model 2 kV Machine Model 250V (1) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsindicatelimitsbeyond whichdamage tothedevicemay occur. (2) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexas InstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. OPERATING RANGE (1) VCC +60V to+85V VBB +8V to+15V VIN +1V to+5V VOUT +10V to+70V Case Temperature Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink. −20°C to+100°C (1) Operatingratingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see theELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS section.The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetest conditionslisted.Some performancecharacteristicsmay change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit) Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +80V, VBB = +12 V,VIN = +3.3VDC ,C L = 8 pF,LP = 0.22µH, Output= 40 VPP at1 MHz, TA = 25°C. LM2403 Symbol Parameter Condition Units Min Typical Max ICC SupplyCurrent Per Channel,No OutputLoad 26 mA IBB BiasCurrent AllThreeChannels 11.5 mA VOUT DC OutputVoltage No AC InputSignal,VIN = 2.8V 48 52 56 VDC AV DC VoltageGain No AC InputSignal −12 −14 −16 ΔAV Gain Matching No AC InputSignal(1) 1.0 dB LE LinearityError No AC InputSignal(1)(2) 3.5 % tR RiseTime(3) 10% to90% 4.5 nS tF FallTime(3) 90% to10% 4.5 nS OS Overshoot 3 % (1) CalculatedvaluefromVoltageGain teston each channel. (2) LinearityErroristhevariationindc gainfromVIN = 1.5VtoVIN = 5V. (3) Inputfromsignalgenerator:tr,tf< 1 nS.

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 AC TEST CIRCUIT Figure3. TestCircuit(One Channel) Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2403. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2403 ina 50Ω environmentwithoutthe use of an expensiveFET probe.The 4950Ω resistorat the output formsa 100:1voltagedividerwhen connectedtoa 50Ω load. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VOUT vs VIN Speed vs Temp. Figure4. Figure5. Pulse Response Power Dissipationvs Frequency Figure6. Figure7. Speed vs Offset Pulse Response withVCC = 70 VDC Figure8. Figure9.

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2403 is a high voltagemonolithicthree channel CRT driversuitablefor high resolutiondisplay applications.The LM2403 operatesusing80V and 12V power supplies.The partishoused in the industry standard11-leadTO-220 molded plasticpower package. The simplifiedcircuitdiagramoftheLM2403 isshown inFigure2.A PNP emitterfollower,Q1, providesinput buffering.The 14 kΩ feedbackresistorand the1 kΩ inputresistorsetsthegainoftheinvertingop-amp to-14. EmitterfollowersQ2 and Q3 isolatethe outputof the feedbackamplifierfrom the capacitanceof the CRT cathode,and make thecircuitrelativelyinsensitivetoloadcapacitance. Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2403. Thiscircuitisdesignedtoallowtestingofthe LM2403 ina 50Ω environmentwithouttheuse ofan expensiveFET probe.Inthistestcircuit,two low inductance resistorsinseriestotaling4.95 kΩ form a 100:1 wideband low capacitanceprobe when connectedto a 50Ω cableand load.The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisac coupledtothebase ofQ1. Figure10. Figure10 shows thelargesignalsinewave frequencyresponseoftheLM2403. The frequencyresponserollsoff veryrapidlyabove thebandwidthlimitoftheamplifier.Therearetwo reasonsforthisfastresponseroll-off: 1. The LM2403 containsan inputlow pass filtertohelpremove unwanted highfrequencyharmonicsthatcan cause EMI problems.Thisfilterdoes notsignificantlyaffecttheriseand falltimesofthesignalas itoperates above the−3 dB bandwidthofthedevice. 2. The internalfeedbacknetworkoftheclosedloopamplifierholdsthegainat−14 untiltheloopgaindrops below unity.Above thisfrequency,theamplifierresponsefallswiththeopen loopgainoftheamplifier,as the feedbackceases tohave any significanteffect.There isalsoa change intheimpedance match between the op-amp and theemitterfolloweroutputstagewithlargesignalsathigherfrequencies.Thiscreatesa gain boostthatextendsthebandwidth,thengivesa sudden rolloffas shown inFigure10.The exactresponseof thisrolloffmay varyslightlydependingupon operatingconditions,signalamplitudeetc. Inbothcases,thefastrollofthehighfrequencyharmonicswillhelptolimitthecreationofhighfrequencyEMI harmonics,withoutlimitingvideo riseand falltime characteristics.However, due to the very fastswitching speeds ofthedevice,good layoutdesignforEMI isCRITICAL. Path lengthsand loopareasofthevideosignals must be kepttoa minimum. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com APPLICATION HINTS INTRODUCTION Texas Instruments(TI)iscommittedtoprovidingapplicationinformationthatassistsour customersinobtaining thebestperformancepossiblefrom our products.The followinginformationisprovidedinordertosupportthis commitment.The readershouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprinted circuitboard designedatTI.Variationsinperformancecan be realizeddue tophysicalchanges intheprinted circuitboard and theapplication.Therefore,thedesignershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinordertooptimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpointforevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticaltoachievingmaximum performance. POWER SUPPLY BYPASS Since the LM2403 is a high bandwidth amplifier,proper power supply bypassingis criticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultinlargeovershoot,ringingand oscillation.A 0.1µF capacitorshouldbe connectedfromthesupplypin,Vcc,toground,as closetothesupplyand groundpinsas is practical.Additionally,a 10 µF to 100 µF electrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypin to ground.The electrolyticcapacitorshouldalsobe placedreasonablyclosetotheLM2403's supplyand ground pins.A 0.1µF capacitorshouldbe connectedfrom thebiaspin,Vbb, toground,as closeas ispracticaltothe part. ARC PROTECTION During normal CRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Spark gaps, in the range of 200V, connectedfrom theCRT cathodestoCRT ground willlimitthemaximum voltage,buttoa valuethatismuch higherthanallowableon theLM2403. Thisfast,highvoltage,highenergypulsecan damage theLM2403 output stage.The applicationcircuitshown inFigure11 isdesignedto helpclamp the voltageat the outputof the LM2403 toa safelevel.The clamp diodesshouldhave a fasttransientresponse,highpeak currentrating,low seriesimpedance and low shunt capacitance.FDH400 or equivalentdiodesare recommended. D1 and D2 shouldhave short,low impedance connectionsto VCC and ground respectively.The cathodeof D1 shouldbe locatedverycloseto a separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor.The ground connectionof the diodeand the decouplingcapacitorshouldbe veryclosetotheLM2403 ground.Thiswillsignificantlyreducethehighfrequency voltagetransientsthatthe LM2403 would be subjectedto duringan arcovercondition.ResistorR2 limitsthe arcovercurrentthatisseen by the diodeswhileR1 limitsthe currentintothe LM2403 as wellas the voltage stressattheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a 1/2W solidcarbontyperesistor.R1 can be a 1/4W metalor carbonfilmtyperesistor.InductorL1 iscriticaltoreducetheinitialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthattheLM2403 would be subjectedto.HavinglargevalueresistorsforR1 and R2 would be desirable,butthishas theeffectof increasingriseand falltimes.The inductorwillnotonlyhelpprotectthedevicebutitwillalsohelpoptimizerise and falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI. For properarc protection,itisimportantto not omitany of the arc protectioncomponents shown inFigure11. Figure11. One Channel oftheLM2403 withtheRecommended Arc ProtectionCircuit

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 OPTIMIZING TRANSIENT RESPONSE Referringto Figure11, thereare threecomponents (R1, R2 and L1) thatcan be adjustedto optimizethe transientresponseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown while decreasingovershoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisvery importantto use inductorswithvery high self-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Ferritecore inductorsfromJ.W.MillerMagnetics(part# 78FR12M) were used foroptimizingtheperformanceofthedevicein theTIapplicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure11 can be used as a good startingpointfortheevaluation oftheLM2403. The TIdemo boardalsohas a positionopen toadd a resistorinparallelwithL1.Thisresistorcan be used tohelpcontrolovershoot.UsingvariableresistorsforR1 and theparallelresistorisa greatway tohelp dialinthevaluesneeded foroptimum performanceina givenapplication. Pull-upResistors OptimizingtheperformanceoftheLM2403 does requiretheuse ofpull-upresistorsattheoutputsoftheCRT driver.These resistorsareshown as R100, R101, and R102 intheschematic.Ifyou have a demo boardformTI pleasenotethattheseresistorshave been added on theback oftheboardsincethereisno PCB locationforthe pull-upresistors.Because oftheimprovedperformancewiththeseresistors,alldemo boardshave been shipped withtheadded pull-upresistors.The LM2403 does have some crossoverdistortion,normalforany AB amplifier such as the LM2403. Adding the pull-upresistorsdoes add more biasto Q3 (Figure2) thusminimizingthe crossoverdistortion.The LM2403 isnormallyused inhighend monitors,so itishighlyrecommended thatthe 12k pull-upresistorsbe used inany designusingtheLM2403. Selectinga 12k resistorprovidestheneeded pull- up currentand limitstheworstcase power dissipationto1/4W (whitelevelat25V). Insome applicationspull-downresistorsmay be preferred.Using 12k resistorsgivesacceptableperformance, butthiswillrequiretheuse of1/2W resistors.Normallythepower save mode establisheswhetherpull-uporpull- down resistorsare preferred.Ifthe setup of the power save mode in the monitorgivesa low outputat the LM2403, thenthepull-downresistorswouldbe preferred,ifthe80V supplyisstillturnedon. EffectofLoad Capacitance The outputriseand falltimesas wellas overshootwillvaryas theloadcapacitancevaries.The valuesofthe outputcircuit(R1,R2 and L1 inFigure11)shouldbe chosen based on thenominalloadcapacitance.Once this isdone theperformanceofthedesigncan be checked by varyingtheloadbased on what theexpectedvariation willbe. For example,suppose you needed todrivea 10 pF (±20%) loadwitha 40Vp-p waveform.First,you would pick thevaluesofR1, R2 and L1 thatgivethedesiredresponsewitha 10 pF load.Then you would testthedesign when drivingan 8 pF loadand a 12 pF load.The tablebelow summarizes theresultsfromdoingthisexercisein a testboardintheTIlab.The outputsignalswingwas 40Vp-p from65V to25V. Parameter 8 pF 10 pF 12 pF RiseTime 4.1 4.2 4.3 Overshoot 1% 5% 10% FallTime 4.4 4.6 4.7 Overshoot 1% 2% 5% The example above clearlydemonstratesthe importanceof havinga good estimateof the range of the load capacitance. EffectofOffset Figure8 shows thevariationinriseand falltimeswhen theoutputoffsetofthedeviceisvariedfrom30 VDC to50 VDC .The risetimeshows abouttwiceas much variationas thefalltime,however themaximum variationrelative tothecenterdatapoint(40VDC )islessthan10%. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com OperationwithVCC = 70V The closedlooptopographyoftheLM2403 allowsoperationdown to10V above ground.Iftheusercan limitthe whitelevelbetween 10V and 20V, thenoperationwithVCC = 70V ispossible.OperatingtheLM2403 withVCC = 70V willrequirethesame currenteven thoughthesupplyvoltagehas droppedby 12.5%.Thisresultsina power savingsof12.5% (ashigha 1.5W),allowinga reductioninthesizeoftheheatsink.Figure9 shows theoutput waveform oftheLM2403 operatingata whitelevelof15V, and a peak-to-peakoutputswingof40V. Below isa summary oftheLM2403 riseand falltimeswithvariousoutputoffsetlevelswithVCC = 70V. Output Swing Rise Time FallTime 10V–50V 4.0ns 5.0ns 15V–55V 4.2ns 4.8ns 20V–60V 4.4ns 5.0ns THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Figure5 shows the performanceof the LM2403 in the testcircuitshown in Figure3 as a functionof case temperature.The figureshows thatthe speed of the LM2403 decreases by less than 10% as the case temperatureincreasesfrom50°C to100°C. Thiscorrespondstoa speed degradationof2% forevery10°C rise incase temperature. Figure7 shows thetotalpower dissipationoftheLM2403 vs.Frequencywhen allthreechannelsofthedevice are drivingan 8 pF loadwitha 40Vp-p signal.The graph assumes a 72% activetime(deviceoperatingatthe specifiedfrequency)whichistypicalina monitorapplication.The other28% ofthetimethedeviceisassumed to be sittingattheblacklevel(65V inthiscase).Thisgraphgivesthedesignertheinformationneeded todetermine theheatsinkrequirementforhisapplication.The designershouldnotethatiftheloadcapacitanceisincreased theAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincrease. The LM2403 case temperaturemust be maintainedbelow 100°C. Ifthemaximum expectedambienttemperature is50°C and the maximum power dissipationis12W, then a maximum heat sinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (1) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof8 pF and no resistiveload. TYPICAL APPLICATION A typicalapplicationoftheLM2403 isshown inFigure12.Used inconjunctionwithan LM1283, a completevideo channelfrom monitorinputtoCRT cathodecan be achieved.Performanceissatisfactoryforresolutionsup to 1600 x 1200 and pixelclockfrequenciesup to 160 MHz. Figure12 isthe schematicforthe TI demonstration boardthatcan be used toevaluatetheLM1283/2403 combinationina monitor. PC BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackare necessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfrom thepreamplifiertothe LM2403 and fromtheLM2403 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The followingreferencesare recommended: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “Guide toCRT VideoDesign”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 861. “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 1013. Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because of itshighsmallsignalbandwidth,the partmay oscillateina monitoriffeedbackoccursaround the videochannelthroughthe chassiswiring.To preventthis,leadsto the videoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded,and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring.

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 TIDEMONSTRATION BOARD Figure13,Figure14 show routingand component placementon theTILM1283/2403 demonstrationboard.The schematicoftheboardisshown inFigure12.Thisboardprovidesa good example ofa layoutthatcan be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note thelocationofthefollowingcomponents:

• C79 — VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin6 and groundpins
• C55 — VBB bypasscapacitor,locatedclosetopin10 and ground
• C75 –C77 — VCC bypasscapacitors,nearLM2403 and VCC clamp diodes.Veryimportantforarcprotection The routingof the LM2403 outputsto the CRT isverycriticalto achievingoptimum performance.Figure15 shows the routingand component placementfrom pin1 to the bluecathode.Note thatthe components are placedso thatthey almostlineup from the outputpin of the LM2403 to the blue cathode pin of the CRT connector.Thisisdone tominimizethelengthofthevideopathbetween thesetwo components.Note alsothat D7, D8, R32 and D3 areplacedtominimizethesizeofthevideonodes thattheyareattachedto.Thisminimizes parasiticcapacitanceinthevideopathand alsoenhances theeffectivenessoftheprotectiondiodes.The anode ofprotectiondiodeD8 isconnecteddirectlytoa sectionofthethegroundplanethathas a shortand directpath totheLM2403 groundpins.The cathodeofD7 isconnectedtoVCC veryclosetodecouplingcapacitorC77 (see Figure15)whichisconnectedtothesame sectionofthegroundplaneas D8. The diodeplacementand routing isveryimportantforminimizingthevoltagestresson theLM2403 duringan arcoverevent.Lastly,noticethatS1 isplacedveryclosetothebluecathodeand istieddirectlytoCRT ground. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com DiodesFDH400 PNP transistorsMPSA92 NPN transistors2N2369 Unmarked capacitors0.1µF Figure12. LM1283/2403 DemonstrationBoard Schematic

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure13. Trace Side ofTILM1283/2403 DemonstrationBoard Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure14. SilkScreen and Trace oftheLM1283/2403 DemonstrationBoard

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www.ti.com SNOS019B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure15. Blue Channel Component Placement and Trace Routing Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 13 ProductFolderLinks:LM2403

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REVISION HISTORY

Changes from RevisionA (April2013)toRevisionB Page

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