LM2402

LM2402 TI1 | Alldatasheet

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www.ti.com SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2402MonolithicTriple3nSCRTDriver Check forSamples: LM2402 1FEATURES DESCRIPTION The LM2402 isan integratedhighvoltageCRT driver 2• Rise/FallTimes Typically3.0/2.8ns with8 pF circuitdesigned for use in high resolutioncolorLoad at40 VPP monitorapplications.The IC containsthreehighinput• WellMatched withLM2202 Video Preamps impedance,wide band amplifierswhich directlydrive

• Output Swing Capability:50 VPP forVCC = 80V the RGB cathodesof a CRT. Each channelhas its gain internallyset to −14 and can drive CRT• 1V to5V InputRange capacitiveloadsas wellas resistiveloadspresented• Stablewith0-20pF CapacitiveLoads and by otherapplications,limitedonlyby the package'sInductivePeaking Networks power dissipation.
• Convenient TO-220 Staggered Lead Package The IC ispackaged inan industrystandard11 leadStyle TO-220 molded plasticpower package.See Thermal
• Standard LM240X FamilyPinout,which is Considerations. Designed forEasy PCB Layout

APPLICATIONS

• CRT DriverforColorMonitorswithDisplay Resolutionsup to1600 × 1200
• PixelClock Frequency up to200 MHz Schematic and Connection Diagrams Figure1.SimplifiedSchematic Diagram Figure2.Top View (One Channel) Pleasebe aware thatan importantnoticeconcerningavailability,standardwarranty,and use incriticalapplicationsof Texas Instrumentssemiconductorproductsand disclaimerstheretoappearsattheend ofthisdatasheet. 2Alltrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners. PRODUCTION DATA informationiscurrentas ofpublicationdate. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporatedProductsconform to specificationsper the terms of the Texas Instrumentsstandardwarranty.Productionprocessingdoes not necessarilyincludetestingofallparameters.

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com These deviceshave limitedbuilt-inESD protection.The leadsshouldbe shortedtogetherorthedeviceplacedinconductivefoam duringstorageorhandlingtopreventelectrostaticdamage totheMOS gates. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)(2)(3) SupplyVoltage,VCC +90V BiasVoltage,VBB +16V InputVoltage,VIN −0.5VtoVBIAS + 0.5V StorageTemperatureRange, TSTG −65°C to+150°C Lead Temperature(Soldering,<10 sec.) 300°C Human Body Model 2 kV ESD Tolerance Machine Model 250V (1) AbsoluteMaximum Ratingsarethosevaluesbeyond whichthesafetyofthedevicecannotbe ensured.They arenotmeant toimplythat thedevicesshouldbe operatedattheselimits.The tableofELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS specifiesconditionsofdeviceoperation. (2) Allvoltagesaremeasured withrespecttoGND, unlessotherwisespecified. (3) IfMilitary/Aerospacespecifieddevicesarerequired,pleasecontacttheTexas InstrumentsSalesOffice/Distributorsforavailabilityand specifications. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (1) VCC +60V to+85V VBB +8V to+15V VIN +1V to+5V VOUT (VCC = 80V,VBB = 12V) +17V to+72V Case Temperature(Do notoperatethepartwithouta heatsink) −20°C to+100°C (1) Operatingratingsindicateconditionsforwhichthedeviceisfunctional,butdo notensurespecificperformancelimits.Forensured specificationsand testconditions,see theELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .The ensuredspecificationsapplyonlyforthetest conditionslisted.Some performancecharacteristicsmay change when thedeviceisnotoperatedunderthelistedtestconditions.

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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(See Figure3 forTestCircuit) Unlessotherwisenoted:VCC = +80V, VBB = +12V, VIN = +3.3VDC ,C L = 8 pF,TC = 60°C. LM2402 Symbol Parameter Conditions Units Min Typ Max ICC SupplyCurrent Per Channel,No OutputLoad 22 27 32 mA IBB BiasCurrent AllThreeChannels 40 50 60 mA VOUT DC OutputVoltage VIN = 1.9V 62 65 68 VDC AV DC VoltageGain −12 −14 −16 ΔAV Gain Matching See (1) 1.0 dB LE LinearError See (1)(2) 3.5 % tr RiseTime 10% to90%, 40 VPP Output(1MHz) 3.0 ns tf FallTime 10% to90%, 40 VPP Output(1MHz) 2.8 ns OS Overshoot 40 VPP Output(1MHz) 5 % (1) Calculatedvaluefromvoltagegainteston each channel. (2) LinearityerroristhevariationinDC gainfromVIN = 1.5VtoVIN = 5V. AC TestCircuit Figure3. TestCircuit(One Channel) Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2402. ThiscircuitisdesignedfortestingtheLM2402 witha FET probe.When calculatingthe totalloadcapacitance,the TektronixP6201 FET probe witha 100:1 dividerisspecifiedtohave 1.5pF.The totalboardcapacitanceshouldbe 6.5pF. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 3 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN vs VOUT Speed vs Temp Figure4. Figure5. Rise/FallTime Power Dissipationvs Frequency Figure6. Figure7. Speed vs Offset Bandwidth Figure8. Figure9.

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www.ti.com SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 THEORY OF OPERATION The LM2402 isa high voltagemonolithicthreechannelCRT driversuitableforvery high resolutiondisplay applications,up to1600 × 1200 at85 Hz refreshrate.The LM2402 operatesusing80V and 12V power supplies. The partishoused intheindustrystandard11-leadTO-220 molded plasticpower package. The simplifiedcircuitdiagramofone channeloftheLM2402 isshown inFigure1.A PNP emitterfollower,Q5, providesinputbuffering.Thisminimizesthecurrentloadingofthevideopre-amp.R9 isused toturnoffQ5 when thereisno input.ThiswilldrivetheoutputstagetotheVCC rail,minimizingthepower dissipationwithno inputs. R6 isa pull-upresistorforQ5 and alsolimitsthecurrentflowthroughQ5. R3 and R2 areused tosetthecurrent flowthroughQ1 and Q2. The ratioofR1 toR2 isused tosetthegainoftheLM2402. R1, R2 and R3 are all relatedwhen calculatingtheoutputvoltageoftheCRT driver.R b limitsthecurrentthroughthebase ofQ2. Q1 and Q2 are ina cascade configuration.Q1 isa low voltageand veryfasttransistor.Q2 isa highervoltage transistor.The cascade configurationgivesthe equivalentof a veryfastand highvoltagetransistor.The two outputtransistors,Q3 and Q4, form a classB amplifieroutputstage.R4 and R5 are used tolimitthecurrent throughtheoutputstageand settheoutputimpedance oftheLM2402. Q6, alongwithR7 and R8 setthebias currentthroughQ3 and Q4 when thereis no change in the signallevel.This bias currentminimizesthe crossoverdistortionof the outputstage.With thisbias currentthe outputstage now becomes a classAB amplifierwitha crossoverdistortionmuch lowerthana classB amplifier. Figure3 shows a typicaltestcircuitforevaluationoftheLM2402. Due totheverywidebandwidthoftheLM2402, itis necessaryto use a FET probe thatis DC coupled to the outputforevaluationof the CRT driver's performance.The 50Ω resistorisused to duplicatethe requiredseriesresistorinthe actualapplication.This resistorwould be partofthearc-overprotectioncircuit.The inputsignalfromthegeneratorisAC coupledtothe inputoftheCRT driver. APPLICATION HINTS Introduction TIiscommittedtoprovidingapplicationinformationthatassistsourcustomersinobtainingthebestperformance possiblefromourproducts.The followinginformationisprovidedinordertosupportthiscommitment.The reader shouldbe aware thattheoptimizationofperformancewas done usinga specificprintedcircuitboarddesignedat TI.Variationsin performancecan be realizeddue to physicalchanges in the printedcircuitboard and the application.Therefore,the designershouldknow thatcomponent valuechanges may be requiredinorderto optimizeperformanceina givenapplication.The valuesshown inthisdocument can be used as a startingpoint forevaluationpurposes.When workingwithhighbandwidthcircuits,good layoutpracticesare alsocriticalto achievingmaximum performance. Power Supply Bypass Since the LM2402 isa veryhighbandwidthamplifier,properpower supplybypassingiscriticalforoptimum performance.Improperpower supplybypassingcan resultinlargeovershoot,ringingand oscillation.A 0.1µF capacitorshouldbe connectedfromthesupplypin,VCC ,toground,as closetothesupplyand groundpinsas is practical.Additionally,a 10 µF to 100 µF electrolyticcapacitorshouldbe connectedfrom the supplypin to ground.The electrolyticcapacitorshouldalsobe placedreasonablyclosetotheLM2402's supplyand ground pins.A 0.1µF capacitorshouldbe connectedfrom thebiaspin,VBB ,toground,as closeas ispracticaltothe part. Arc Protection During normal CRT operation,internalarcingmay occasionallyoccur.Spark gaps, in the range of 200V, connectedfrom theCRT cathodestoCRT ground willlimitthemaximum voltage,buttoa valuethatismuch higherthanallowableon theLM2402. Thisfast,highvoltage,highenergypulsecan damage theLM2402 output stage.The applicationcircuitshown inFigure10 isdesignedto helpclamp the voltageat the outputof the LM2402 toa safelevel.The clamp diodesshouldhave a fasttransientresponse,highpeak currentrating,low seriesimpedance and low shunt capacitance.FDH400 or equivalentdiodesare recommended. D1 and D2 shouldhave short,low impedance connectionsto VCC and ground respectively.The cathodeof D1 shouldbe locatedverycloseto a separatelydecoupledbypass capacitor.The ground connectionof the diodeand the decouplingcapacitorshouldbe veryclosetotheLM2402 ground.Thiswillsignificantlyreducethehighfrequency voltagetransientsthattheLM2402 wouldbe subjectedtoduringan arc-overcondition.ResistorR2 limitsthearc- Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 5 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com overcurrentthatisseen by thediodeswhileR1 limitsthecurrentintotheLM2402 as wellas thevoltagestress attheoutputsofthedevice.R2 shouldbe a ½ W solidcarbontyperesistor.R1 can be a ¼ W metalorcarbonfilm typeresistor.InductorL1 iscriticaltoreducetheinitialhighfrequencyvoltagelevelsthattheLM2402 would be subjectedtoduringan arc-over.HavinglargevalueresistorsforR1 and R2 would be desirable,butthishas the effectof increasingriseand falltimes.The inductorwillnot onlyhelpprotectthe devicebut itwillalsohelp optimizeriseand falltimesas wellas minimizeEMI. For properarcprotection,itisimportanttonotomitany of the arc protectioncomponents shown inFigure10. The valuesof L1 and R1 may need to be adjustedfora particularapplication.The recommended minimum valueforR1 is43Ω,withL1 = .049µH. Figure10. One Channel oftheLM2402 withtheRecommended Arc ProtectionCircuit OptimizingTransientResponse Referringto Figure10, thereare threecomponents (R1, R2 and L1) thatcan be adjustedto optimizethe transientresponseoftheapplicationcircuit.IncreasingthevaluesofR1 and R2 willslowthecircuitdown while decreasingovershoot.IncreasingthevalueofL1 willspeed up thecircuitas wellas increaseovershoot.Itisvery importanttouse inductorswithveryhighself-resonantfrequencies,preferablyabove 300 MHz. Aircoreinductors fromJ.W.MillerMagnetics(part#75F518MPC) were used foroptimizingtheperformanceofthedeviceintheTI applicationboard.The valuesshown inFigure10 can be used as a good startingpointfortheevaluationofthe LM2402. EffectofLoad Capacitance The outputriseand falltimesas wellas overshootwillvaryas theloadcapacitancevaries.The valuesofthe outputcircuit(R1,R2 and L1 inFigure10)shouldbe chosen based on thenominalloadcapacitance.Once this isdone theperformanceofthedesigncan be checked by varyingtheloadbased on what theexpectedvariation willbe duringproduction. EffectofOffset Figure8 shows thevariationinriseand falltimeswhen theoutputoffsetofthedeviceisvariedfrom 40 to50 VDC .The riseand falltimesshow aboutthesame overallvariation.The slightlyfasterfalltimeisfastestnearthe centerpointof45V,making thistheoptimum operatingpointsincethereislittleincreaseintherisetime. Thermal Considerations Figure5 shows the performanceof the LM2402 in the testcircuitshown in Figure3 as a functionof case temperature.Figure5 shows thatboththeriseand falltimesoftheLM2402 become slightlysloweras thecase temperatureincreasesfrom40°C to125°C. Inadditiontoexceedingthesafeoperatingtemperature,theriseand falltimeswilltypicallyexceed 3 nsec.Please note thatthe LM2402 isnever to be operated over a case temperatureof100°C.

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www.ti.com SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure7 shows thetotalpower dissipationoftheLM2402 vs.Frequencywhen allthreechannelsofthedevice are drivingboth an 8 pF load and a 20 pF load.This graph givesthe designerthe informationneeded to determinetheheatsinkrequirementforhisapplication.The designershouldnotethatiftheloadcapacitanceis increasedtheAC component ofthetotalpower dissipationwillalsoincreaseas shown inFigure7.The designer shouldalsoremember thattheactualvideosignalhas a periodofaround 70% to75%. The remainderofthe timethe videosignalisinactive,or at the blacklevel(belowthe blacklevelifblanked).Duringthistimethe LM2402 willbe at the blacklevel,or below,dissipatingunder 4W. Referringto Figure15 and usingan input blacklevelvoltageof1.9V,thepower dissipationduringtheinactivevideotimeis3.8W, includingboththe80V and 12V supplies. The LM2402 case temperaturemust be maintainedbelow 100°C. Assume theworstcase operatingconditionis a 100 MHz squarewave duringactivevideo(a pixelclockof200 MHz withone pixelon,one pixeloff).From Figure7 one can see thatthepower dissipationoftheLM2402 is28W ifthe100 MHz squarewave isappliedall thetime.One must alsocompensate fortheinactiveperiodofvideo.From Figure15 ithas been calculatedthat thepower dissipationduringtheinactivevideois4W. Thereforethereisan additional24W ofpower dissipation due totheAC signal.Assume thattheAC signalisactive72% ofthetime.Now theAC power dissipationis: The totalpower dissipationfor72% activevideotimeis: 17W + 4W = 21W (2) Ifthemaximum expectedambienttemperatureis50°C and usingthemaximum power dissipationof21W (video beingactiveonly72% oftheframe),thena maximum heatsinkthermalresistancecan be calculated: (3) Thisexample assumes a capacitiveloadof8 pF and no resistiveload. TypicalApplication A typicalapplicationoftheLM2402 isshown inFigure11.Used inconjunctionwiththreeLM2202s, a complete videochannelfrommonitorinputtoCRT cathodecan be achieved.Performanceisexcellentforresolutionsup to 1600 × 1200 and pixelclockfrequenciesat200 MHz. Figure11 istheschematicfortheTIdemonstrationboard thatcan be used toevaluatetheLM2202/2402 combinationina monitor. PC Board Layout Considerations For optimum performance,an adequateground plane,isolationbetween channels,good supplybypassingand minimizingunwanted feedbackare necessary.Also,thelengthofthesignaltracesfrom thepreamplifiertothe LM2402 and fromtheLM2402 totheCRT cathodeshouldbe as shortas possible.The redvideotracefromthe buffertransistorto the LM2402 inputisabout the absolutemaximum lengthone shouldconsideron a PCB layout.Ifpossiblethetracesshouldactuallybe shorterthanthered videotrace.The followingreferencesare recommended forvideoboarddesigners: Ott,Henry W.,“NoiseReductionTechniquesinElectronicSystems”,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1976. “Guide toCRT VideoDesign”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 861 (SNOA268 ). “VideoAmplifierDesignforComputer Monitors”,Texas InstrumentsApplicationNote 1013 (SNVA031 ). Pease,RobertA.,“TroubleshootingAnalogCircuits”,Butterworth-Heinemann,1991. Because of itshighsmallsignalbandwidth,the partmay oscillateina monitoriffeedbackoccursaround the videochannelthroughthe chassiswiring.To preventthis,leadsto the videoamplifierinputcircuitshouldbe shielded,and inputcircuitwiringshouldbe spaced as faras possiblefromoutputcircuitwiring. Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 7 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com TIDemonstrationBoard Figure12 and Figure13 show routingand component placementon theTILM2202/2402 demonstrationboard. The schematicoftheboardisshown inFigure11.Thisboardprovidesa good example ofa layoutthatcan be used as a guideforfuturelayouts.Note thelocationofthefollowingcomponents:

• C47 -VCC bypasscapacitor,locatedveryclosetopin6 and groundpins.(Figure13)
• C49 -VBB bypasscapacitor,locatedclosetopin10 and ground.(Figure13)
• C46 and C77 -VCC bypasscapacitors,nearLM2402 and VCC clamp diodes.Veryimportantforarcprotection. (Figure12) The routingof the LM2402 outputsto the CRT isverycriticalto achievingoptimum performance.Figure14 shows the routingand component placementfrom pin1 to the bluecathode.Note thatthe components are placedso thatthey almostlineup from the outputpin of the LM2402 to the blue cathode pin of the CRT connector.Thisisdone to minimizethe lengthof the videopath between thesetwo components.The direct videopathisshown inby a darkgraylinethroughthecomponents and thePCB traces.Note alsothatD24, D25, R58 and D19 are placedtokeep thesizeofthevideonodes toa minimum (R58 islocatedunder D19).This minimizesparasiticcapacitanceinthevideopathand alsoenhances theeffectivenessoftheprotectiondiodes. The tracesinthevideonodes tothesecomponents areshown by thewhiteline.The anode ofprotectiondiode D25 isconnecteddirectlyto the ground planegivinga shortand directpath to the LM2402 ground pins.The cathodeofD24 isconnectedtoVCC veryclosetodecouplingcapacitorC78 (See Figure14)whichisconnected to the same sectionof the ground plane as D25. The diode placement and routingis very importantfor minimizingthevoltagestresson theLM2402 duringan arc-overevent.Lastly,noticethatS3 isplacedveryclose tothebluecathodeand istieddirectlytoCRT ground.

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www.ti.com SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure11. Demo Board Schematic Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 9 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure12. PCB Top Layer

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www.ti.com SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure13. PCB Bottom Layer Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 11 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

SNOS445B –AUGUST 1999–REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure14. PCB CRT Driver,Blue Channel Output Figure15. ICC and IBB vs VIN

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REVISION HISTORY

Changes from RevisionA (April2013)toRevisionB Page Copyright© 1999–2013,Texas InstrumentsIncorporated SubmitDocumentationFeedback 13 ProductFolderLinks:LM2402

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