EPR-84 POWERINT | Alldatasheet
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5245 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Title Engineering Prototype Report for EP-84 - <30 mW No-Load Consumption AC-DC Power Supply Using TNY264P (TinySwitch®-II) Specification 85 VAC to 265 VAC Input, 5 V, 600 mA, 3 W Output Application Cell Phone Charger Author Power Integrations Application Department Document Number EPR–84 Date 23-May-05 Revision 1.0 Summary and Features
- Less than 30 mW no-load power consumption over universal input range
- Meets EN55022/CISPR22 Class B without a Y capacitor
- Low cost, low component-count solution
- Active mode average efficiency exceeds the minimum CEC requirements with good margin at 115 VAC & 230 VAC The products and applications illustrated herein (including circuits external to the products and transformer construction) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations’ patents may be found at www.powerint.com.
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1 Introduction
This engineering report describes a constant voltage, constant current (CV/CC) 5 VDC, 600 mA wall-mounted charger for cell phones, PDAs or other battery powered portable devices. It was designed around a TinySwitch-II IC and is intended as a general-purpose evaluation platform for the TinySwitch-II product family. The key performance characteristic of this circuit is its extremely low no-load power consumption of 30 mW. This report contains the specification of the power supply, its circuit diagram, the overall bill of materials (BOM) for the supply, transformer construction documentation, including a copy of the PI Expert Design results worksheet, the printed circuit board layout, and the circuit’s electrical performance data, including conducted EMI measurements. Figure 1 – Populated Circuit Board Photograph.
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2 Power Supply Specification
Description Symbol Min Typ Max Units Comment Input Voltage VIN 85 265 VAC 2 Wire – no Protective Earth Frequency fLINE 47 50/60 64 Hz No-load Input Power (230 VAC) 0.03 W Output Output Voltage 1 VOUT1 5.0 V ± 5% Output Ripple Voltage 1 VRIPPLE1 100 mV 20 MHz BW, battery loaded Output Current 1 IOUT1 0.6 A CC Mode Total Output Power Continuous Output Power POUT 3.0 W Peak Output Power POUT_PEAK 3.0 W Efficiency η 60 % Measured at POUT (3 W), 25 oC Environmental Conducted EMI Meets CISPR22B / EN55022B Safety Designed to meet IEC950, UL1950 Class II Ambient Temperature TAMB 0 40 oC Free convection, sea level
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3 Schematic
Figure 2 – EP-84 Schematic.
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4 Circuit Description
This circuit is configured as a flyback. The ultra-low standby consumption is achieved by powering the IC from an auxiliary primary transformer winding, which disables the internal high voltage current source that normally powers the device directly from its DRAIN pin. Details of specific circuit functions will be described more fully in the following paragraphs.
4.1 Input Rectification, Bulk Capacitance and EMI Filtering
AC input power is rectified by a full bridge, consisting of D1 through D4. The rectified DC is then filtered by the bulk storage capacitors C1 and C2. Inductor L1 and ferrite bead L2 separate C1 and C2 from each other. Components L1, C1 and C2 form a pi ( π) filter, which attenuates conducted differential-mode EMI noise. Fusible resistor RF1 has multiple functions. It is a fuse, an in-rush current limiting device, a final low pass filter stage (with C1) for conducted EMI attenuation, and an initial stage of input surge voltage attenuation.
4.2 Primary DRAIN Voltage Clamp Circuit
The DRAIN voltage clamp circuit is comprised of Zener diode VR1, R1 and diode D5. D5 and VR1 clamp the amplitude of the voltage spike that the transformer leakage inductance generates at switch turn-off, to keep it beneath the device’s maximum DRAIN- to-SOURCE voltage rating (700 V). Resistor R1 damps the high frequency oscillation caused by leakage inductance, which improves the conducted EMI performance of the circuit. The reflected output voltage V OR, which is determined by the transformer turns ratio (13:1), has been kept low (89 V) to minimize the power dissipation in the clamp circuit.
4.3 Auxiliary Bias Supply
The auxiliary bias supply circuit is made up of the primary-side transformer bias winding, diode D6, capacitor C5 and resistor R2. Diode D6 rectifies the output of the winding and C5 filters it. The winding has just enough turns so that it will provide 550 µA to 600 µA (through R2) into the BYPASS (BP) pin at no-load (which fully disables the internal current source). The bias winding is wound between the main primary winding and the core. By being “sandwiched” in the middle, it acts as a “shield” between the primary and the core. In that capacity, it reduces primary-to-core induced displacement current and therefore, EMI generation. C4 is the standard BP pin decoupling capacitor, which should always be a 50 V, 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor, located close to the IC.
23-May-05 EPR-84 – Single Output, Universal Input, Cell Phone Charger Page 7 of 28 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 BYPASS Pin Current (uA) No Load Consumption (mW)
115 VAC
230 VAC
Figure 3 – No-load Consumption vs. BYPASS Pin Current.
4.4 Output Rectifi cation and Filtering
Output rectification and filtering are accomplished by Schottky diode D7, capacitors C6 and C7 and ferrite bead L3. Resistor R6 and C3 dampen out the high frequency interaction between D7, T1 and U1 to reduce conducted EMI noise generation. Capacitor C6 filters the initial rectified output, while L3 and C7 serve as a secondary low- pass filter stage, which further attenuates the output ripple voltage.
4.5 Output Voltage Sensing, Fee dback and Constant Current Control
Transistor Q1, resistors R3, R4 and R5, Zener diode VR2, and opto-isolator U2 sense the output voltage and current, and feedback their information to the TinySwitch-II controller. Components Q1, R3, VR2 and U2 comprise the constant voltage (CV) mode control loop while R4, R5 and U2 make up the constant current (CC) mode control loop. CC Mode Operation When the battery (load) is discharged, little voltage will be developed across the output of the charger before the desired current limit (600 mA) is surpassed. Whenever the current through R5 exceeds 600 mA, enough voltage develops across R4 to forward bias U2’s LED, turning its phototransistor on. This causes the TinySwitch-II to skip switching cycles until the output current no longer exceeds 60 0 mA. Thus, until the output current drops below 600 mA, R4, R5 and U2 comprise the CC control loop. (µA)
EPR-84 – Single Output, Universal Input, Cell Phone Charger 23-May-05 Page 8 of 28 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com CV Mode Operation During CV operation the output voltage is determined by the voltage across R3 and the value of VR2. The value of R3 is selected such that as Q1 turns on, at the transition of CC to CV operation, the current through VR2 is close to its test current. The voltage across R3 is equal to the V BE of Q1 (~0.6 V) value to be calculated. By adjusting the value of R3 the output voltage can be tuned to take account of cable drop and the discrete values of VR2. Once Q1 is biased on current is fed thorough U2’s LED, turning its phototransistor on.
4.6 Transformer: Conducte d EMI Noise Cancellation and Suppression Windings
Transformer T1 has 2 shield windings, one combined with the bias winding and one between primary and secondary. These act to reduce primary to secondary displacement currents, which reduces common-mode conducted EMI. Both additional windings are detailed in Section 7, Transformer Specification.
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5 PCB Layout
Figure 4 – Printed Circuit Layout (dimensions 0.001″).
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6 Bill Of Materials
Item Qty Reference Description P/N Manufacturer 1 2 C1, C2 4.7 µF, 400 V, electrolytic capacitor Any 2 1 C3 470 pF, 100 V, ceramic Any 3 1 C4 0.1 µF, 50 V, ceramic Any 4 1 C5 47 µF, 16 V, low ESR electrolytic Any 5 1 C6 470 µF, 10 V, low ESR electrolytic Any 6 1 C7 100 µF, 10 V, low ESR electrolytic Any 7 4 D1–D4 1 A, 600 V, general purpose diode 1N4005 Any 8 1 D5 1 A, 600 V, glass passivated diode 1N4007G Any 9 1 D6 200 mA, 100 V diode 1N4148 Any 10 1 D7 1 A, 60 V, Schottky diode 11DQ06 Any 11 1 VR1 130 V, 1.5 W, Zener diode BZY97C130 Vishay 12 1 VR2 5.1 V, 2%, Zener diode BZX79B5V1 Vishay 13 1 L1 Inductor, 1.0 mH Tokin 14 2 L2, L3 Ferrite bead Any 15 1 RF1 8.2 Ω, 1 W fusible resistor Vitrohm 16 1 R1 200 Ω, 1/2 W Any 17 1 R2 9.2 kΩ, 1/8 W Any 18 1 R3 1.5 kΩ, 1/8 W Any 19 1 R4 820 Ω, 1/8 W Any 20 1 R5 2.4 Ω, 2.0 W Any 21 1 R6 33 Ω, 1/4 W Any 22 1 Q1 General purpose PNP BJT 2N3906 Philips 23 1 T1 Transformer EE13 Custom 24 1 U1 Low power off-line switcher IC TNY264P PI 25 1 U2 Optocoupler PC817A Sharp
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7 Transformer Specification
7.1 Electrical Diagram
Figure 5 –Transformer Electrical Diagram.
7.2 Electrical Specifications
Electrical Strength 1 second, 60 Hz, from Pins 1-4 to Pins 7-8 3000 VAC Primary Inductance Pins 1-2, all other windings open, measured at 100 kHz, 0.4 V RMS 1.89 mH +/- 10% Resonant Frequency Pins 1-2, all other windings open 800 kHz (Min.) Primary Leakage Inductance Pins 1-2, with Pins 7-8 shorted, measured at 132 kHz, 0.4 V RMS 25 µH (Max.) Bias Primary Secondary 15T #32 AWG x 2 102T #33 AWG 8T #24 T.I.W. WDG # 2 WDG # 4 WDG # 1 NC Shield 3T #31 AWG x 4 WDG # 3
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7.3 Materials
[1] Core: EE13, TDK PC40 or equivalent. ALG 180 nH/t2 [2] Bobbin: Horizontal 8 pin, EE13, Hical [3] Magnet Wire: #31 AWG (Shield winding) [4] Magnet Wire: #32 AWG (Bias winding) [5] Magnet Wire: #33 AWG (Primary winding) [6] Triple Insulated Wire: #24 AWG (Secondary winding) [7] Tape: 3M 1298 Polyester Film (white) 299 mils (7.6 mm) wide by 2.0 mils thick
7.4 Transformer Build Diagram
Figure 6 – Transformer Build Diagram. Tape Primary Shield Bias Secondary Tape
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7.5 Transformer Construction
Set Bobbin Set the bobbin Pin 1 - Pin 4 right-hand side. Pin 1 would be located at top right side. Bias and Core Cancellation Start at Pin 6 temporarily. Wind 15 turns of item [4] with 2 in parallel (bifilar) from left to right uniformly without any space between turns, in a single layer across the entire width of the bobbin. Finish on Pin 4. Move the start end from Pin 6 to Pin 3. Insulation Add 4 Layers of tape [7] for insulation. Primary Winding Layer Start at Pin 2. Wind 34 turns of item [5] from right to left. After finishing the first layer, return to right and add one layer of the tape. Then wind 34 turns of item [4] from right to left; after finishing the second layer, return to right and add one layer of the tape. Again, wind 34 turns of item [4] from right to left; after finishing the third layer, return to right and finish on Pin 1. Wind all layers uniformly without any space between turns. Insulation Add 3 Layers of tape [7] for insulation. Shield Winding Start at Pin 1. Wind 3 turns of item [3] with four wires (quadfilar) in parallel from right to left uniformly without any space between turns during winding, in a single layer across 60% of the bobbin width. Cut the wires after finishing the third turn. Insulation Add 1 Layer of tape [7] for insulation. Secondary Winding Temporarily start at Pin 3. Wind 8 turns of item [6] from right to left in a layer without any space between adjacent turns, across the entire width of the bobbin; finish on Pin 7. Then move the Start lead to Pin 8. Outer Insulation Add 2 Layers of tape [7] for insulation.
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8 Transformer Spreadsheets
ACDC_TNY- II_Rev1_1_032701 Copyright Power Integrations Inc. 2001 INPUT INFO OUTPUT UNIT ACDC_TNYII_Rev1_1_032701.xls: TinySwitch-II Continuous/Discontinuous Flyback Transformer Design Spreadsheet ENTER APPLICATION VARIABLES VACMIN 85 Volts Minimum AC Input Voltage VACMAX 265 Volts Maximum AC Input Voltage fL 50 Hertz AC Mains Frequency VO 5 Volts Output Voltage PO 3.38 Watts Output Power n 0.52 Efficiency Estimate Z 0.65 Loss Allocation Factor tC 3 ms Bridge Rectifier Conduction Time Estimate CIN 9.4 uFarads Input Filter Capacitor ENTER TinySwitch-II VARIABLES TNY-II TNY264 Universal 85 VAC to 265 VAC Chosen Device TNY264 Power Out 6W 9W ILIMITMIN 0.233 Amps TinySwitch-II Minimum Current Limit ILIMITMAX 0.267 Amps TinySwitch-II Maximum Current Limit fS 132000 Hertz TinySwitch-II Switching Frequency fSmin 120000 Hertz TinySwitch-II Minimum Switching Frequency (inc. jitter) fSmax 144000 Hertz TinySwitch-II Maximum Switching Frequency (inc. jitter) VOR 88.8 Volts Reflected Output Voltage VDS 9.6 Volts TinySwitch-II on-state Drain to Source Voltage VD 1.94 Volts Output Winding Diode Forward Voltage Drop KP 0.65 Ripple to Peak Current Ratio (0.6<KRP<1.0 : 1.0<KDP<6.0) ENTER TRANSFORMER CORE/CONSTRUCTION VARIABLES Core Type ee13 Core #N/A P/N: #N/A Bobbin #N/A P/N: #N/A AE 0.171 0.171 cm^2 Core Effective Cross Sectional Area LE 3.02 3.02 cm Core Effective Path Length AL 1130 1130 nH/T^2 Ungapped Core Effective Inductance BW 7.4 7.4 mm Bobbin Physical Winding Width M 0 mm Safety Margin Width (Half the Primary to Secondary Creepage Distance) L 3 Number of Primary Layers NS 8 Number of Secondary Turns DC INPUT VOLTAGE PARAMETERS VMIN 69 Volts Minimum DC Input Voltage VMAX 375 Volts Maximum DC Input Voltage
23-May-05 EPR-84 – Single Output, Universal Input, Cell Phone Charger Page 15 of 28 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com CURRENT WAVEFORM SHAPE PARAMETERS DMAX 0.60 Maximum Duty Cycle IAVG 0.09 Amps Average Primary Current IP 0.23 Amps Minimum Peak Primary Current IR 0.15 Amps Primary Ripple Current IRMS 0.13 Amps Primary RMS Current TRANSFORMER PRIMARY DESIGN PARAMETERS LP 1890 uHenrie s Primary Inductance NP 102 Primary Winding Number of Turns ALG 180 nH/T^2 Gapped Core Effective Inductance BM 2883 Gauss Flux Density, IP (BP<3000) BAC 819 Gauss AC Flux Density for Core Loss Curves (0.5 X Peak to Peak) ur 1588 Relative Permeability of Ungapped Core LG 0.10 mm Gap Length (Lg > 0.1 mm) BWE 22.2 mm Effective Bobbin Width OD 0.22 mm Maximum Primary Wire Diameter including insulation INS 0.04 mm Estimated Total Insulation Thickness (= 2 * film thickness) DIA 0.17 mm Bare conductor diameter AWG 34 AWG Primary Wire Gauge (Rounded to next smaller standard AWG value) CM 40 Cmils Bare conductor effective area in circular mils CMA 319 Cmils/A mp Primary Winding Current Capacity (200 < CMA < 500) TRANSFORMER SECONDARY DESIGN PARAMETERS (SINGLE OUTPUT / SINGLE OUTPUT EQUIVALENT) Lumped parameters ISP 2.98 Amps Peak Secondary Current ISRMS 1.32 Amps Secondary RMS Current IO 0.68 Amps Power Supply Output Current IRIPPLE 1.14 Amps Output Capacitor RMS Ripple Current CMS 264 Cmils Secondary Bare Conductor minimum circular mils AWGS 25 AWG Secondary Wire Gauge (Rounded up to next larger standard AWG value) DIAS 0.46 mm Secondary Minimum Bare Conductor Diameter ODS 0.93 mm Secondary Maximum Outside Diameter for Triple Insulated Wire INSS 0.23 mm Maximum Secondary Insulation Wall Thickness VOLTAGE STRESS PARAMETERS VDRAIN 581 Volts Maximum Drain Voltage Estimate (Includes Effect of Leakage Inductance) PIVS 34 Volts Output Rectifier Maximum Peak Inverse Voltage
EPR-84 – Single Output, Universal Input, Cell Phone Charger 23-May-05 Page 16 of 28 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com TRANSFORMER SECONDARY DESIGN PARAMETERS (MULTIPLE OUTPUTS) 1st output VO1 5.0 Volts Output Voltage IO1 0.600 Amps Output DC Current PO1 3.00 Watts Output Power VD1 1.9 Volts Output Diode Forward Voltage Drop NS1 8.00 Output Winding Number of Turns ISRMS1 1.173 Amps Output Winding RMS Current IRIPPLE1 1.01 Amps Output Capacitor RMS Ripple Current PIVS1 34 Volts Output Rectifier Maximum Peak Inverse Voltage CMS1 235 Cmils Output Winding Bare Conductor minimum circular mils AWGS1 26 AWG Wire Gauge (Rounded up to next larger standard AWG value) DIAS1 0.41 mm Minimum Bare Conductor Diameter ODS1 0.93 mm Maximum Outside Diameter for Triple Insulated Wire 2nd output VO2 12.0 Volts Output Voltage IO2 0.001 Amps Output DC Current PO2 0.01 Watts Output Power VD2 0.7 Volts Output Diode Forward Voltage Drop NS2 14.64 Output Winding Number of Turns ISRMS2 0.001 Amps Output Winding RMS Current IRIPPLE2 0.00 Amps Output Capacitor RMS Ripple Current PIVS2 66 Volts Output Rectifier Maximum Peak Inverse Voltage CMS2 0 Cmils Output Winding Bare Conductor minimum circular mils AWGS2 56 AWG Wire Gauge (Rounded up to next larger standard AWG value) DIAS2 0.01 mm Minimum Bare Conductor Diameter ODS2 0.51 mm Maximum Outside Diameter for Triple Insulated Wire
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9 Performance Data
All measurements were performed at room temperature, at 60 Hz input frequency, unless otherwise specified. An electronic load was used to measure efficiency. All output voltages were measured at the end of the po wer supply output cable. The resistance of the output cable was approximately 0.2 Ω.
9.1 Efficiency
40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% Output Current (Amps) Efficiency (%)
85 VAC
265 VAC
Figure 7 − Efficiency vs. Output Current at Four Line Voltages, Room Temperature, 60 Hz. The CEC requirement for a 3 W charger is an average of 58.9% at both 115 VAC and 230 VAC*. POWER LEVEL 25% 50% 75% 100% Ave The average efficiency exceeds the CEC requirement by a considerable margin at both input voltages. *Refer to the California Energy Commission Appliance Efficiency Regulations (CEC 400- 2005-012).
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9.2 No-load Input Power
EP-84 No-Load Input Power vs. Input Voltage 85 105 125 145 165 185 205 225 245 265 Input Voltage (VAC) Input Power (mW) Figure 8 − No-Load Input Power vs. Input Line Voltage, Room Temperature, 60 Hz.
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9.3 Regulation
9.3.1 Load
85% 87% 89% 91% 93% 95% 97% 99% 101% 103% 105% Output Load (A) Regulation (% of Nominal) Figure 9 – Load Regulation, Room Temperature.
9.3.2 Line
EP-84 Line Regulation, Full Load 85% 87% 89% 91% 93% 95% 97% 99% 101% 103% 105% 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Input Voltage (VAC) Regulation (% of Nominal) Figure 10 – Line Regulation, Room Temperature, Full Load.
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10 Thermal Performance
Temperature (°C) Item 85 VAC 230 VAC Ambient 40 °C TinySwitch (U1) 106 84 Transformer (T1) 87 83 Rectifier (D7) 85 82 Clamp Zener (VR1) 83 72 Common Mode (L1) 78 67 Output Capacitor (C6) 80 79 Test Conditions: The power supply was sealed in a plastic enclosure. The size for the enclosure was 2.86 x 1.97 x 1.06 (in inches). The enclosure was installed into a cardboard box to reduce the influence from the air circulation inside of the environment chamber. The cardboard box was placed in the environmental chamber. The ambient temperature was measured inside the cardboard box.
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11 Waveforms
11.1 Drain Voltage and Current, Normal Operation
Figure 11 − 85 VAC, Full Load. Upper: IDRAIN, 0.1 A / div. Lower: VDRAIN, 100 V, 5 µs / div. Figure 12 − 265 VAC, Full Load. Upper: IDRAIN, 0.1 A / div. Lower: VDRAIN, 200 V / div, 5 µs / div.
11.2 Output Voltage Start-up Profile
Figure 13 − Start-up Profile, 115 VAC 1 V, 5 ms / div. Figure 14 − Start-up Profile, 230 VAC 1 V, 5 ms / div.
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11.3 Drain Voltage and Cu rrent Start-up Profile
Figure 15 − 85 VAC Input and Maximum Load. Upper: IDRAIN, 0.1 A / div. Lower: VDRAIN, 100 V, 100 µs / div. Figure 16 − 265 VAC Input and Maximum Load. Upper: IDRAIN, 0.1 A / div. Lower: VDRAIN, 200 V, 100 µs / div.
11.4 Load Transient Response (75% to 100% Load Step)
In the figures shown below, signal averaging was used to better enable viewing the load transient response. The oscilloscope was triggered using the load current step as a trigger source. Since the output switching and line frequency occur essentially at random with respect to the load transient, contributions to the output ripple from these sources will average out, leaving the contribution only from the load step response. Figure 17 – Transient Response, 115 VAC, 75-100-75% Load Step. Upper: Load Current, 0.2 A / div. Lower: Output Voltage 50 mV, 1 ms / div. Figure 18 – Transient Response, 230 VAC, 75-100-75% Load Step. Upper: Load Current, 0.2 A / div. Lower: Output Voltage 50 mV, 1 ms / div.
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11.5 Output Ripple Measurements
11.5.1 Ripple Measurement Technique
For DC output ripple measurements, a modifi ed oscilloscope test probe must be utilized in order to reduce spurious signals due to pickup. Details of the probe modification are provided in Figure 19 and Figure 20. The 5125BA probe adapter is affixed with two capacitors tied in parallel across the probe tip. The capacitors include one (1) 0.1 µF/50 V ceramic type and one (1) 1.0 µF/50 V aluminum electrolytic. The aluminum electrolytic type capacitor is polarized, so proper polarity across DC outputs must be maintained (see below). Figure 19 - Oscilloscope Probe Prepared for Ripple Measurement. (End cap and ground lead removed). Figure 20 - Oscilloscope Probe with Probe Master 5125BA BNC Adapter. (Modified with wires for probe ground for ripple measurement, and two parallel decoupling capacitors added). Probe Ground Probe Tip
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11.5.2 Measurement Results
Figure 21 − Ripple, 85 VAC, Full Load. 2 ms, 10 mV / div. Figure 22 − 5 V Ripple, 115 VAC, Full Load. 2 ms, 10 mV / div. Figure 23 − Ripple, 230 VAC, Full Load. 2 ms, 10 mV / div.
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12 Conducted EMI
Figure 24 − Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, Line, Artificial Hand Connected and EN55022 B Limits. Figure 25 − Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, Neutral, Artificial Hand Connected and EN55022 B Limits.
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EPR-84 – Single Output, Universal Input, Cell Phone Charger 23-May-05 Page 28 of 28 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com For the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. PATENT INFORMATION The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Pow er Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations’ patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm. The PI Logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch, DPA-Switch, EcoSmart, PI Expert and PI FACTS are trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. ©Copyright 2005 Power Integrations, Inc. Power Integrations Worldwide Sales Support Locations WORLD HEADQUARTERS
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