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RFID Door Access Demo User Manual
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Features and Benefits Battery operated stand alone RFID reader 10$ BOM cost target Low power consumption (400uA average) Optimized form factor for easy integration
Applications
Short range contacless Door Access Control Short range RFID terminal
Ordering Information
Part No. Description DEMO90121DA RFID Door Access Demonstrator
1 Scope
The DEMO90121DA is a turnkey contactless door access example based on the RFID transceiver IC MLX90121. Once set up, it detects and reads ISO14443A cards and is capable through software configuration of lighting a red or a green LED. As a stand alone application running on battery, the current consumption is optimized, taking into account a fast response time. The form factor is minimized to demonstrate the high level of integration allowed by the MLX90121. The bill of material of DEMO90121DA targets a cost of 10$ per component set for 1000 modules. Complete schematics, bill of material and layout are annexed to this document allowing a fast start for development. Source code of the firmware is based on the FW90121 library and is available on the CD ROM provided with the DEMO90121DA. This device is based on ISO14443A RFID standard, but the software library makes it is easy to adapt the firmware to use another ISO protocol. This document includes fast start instructions, describes the performance of the demo and explains its hardware and software. One can see this document as a starting point for building their own access control system by adapting the functions and performances to their specific requirements.
2 Related Melexis Products
MLX90121 – 13.56MHz transceiver Note 1: The device is for demonstration purpose and has not been tested for compliance with FCC, ETSI or any other regulations. Note 2: The MLX90121 is limited to positive temperatures in the ISO14443A mode. Therefore and without any changes, this demonstrator is suitable for indoor applications. Should you require outdoor operations, you may modify its firmware to use the demonstrator with ISO14443B cards.
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Table of Contents
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3 Introduction
You purchased a DEMO90121DA. Thanks for choosing Melexis. This demonstrator is a contactless door access solution based on the MLX90121. This document contains the instructions to use and evaluate the functions and the performances of this demonstrator. All the necessary hardware is provided in the packaging box and the microcontroller on-board is already programmed with the same firmware as the one present on the CD. All that you need to do is to plug the cables, and then to check visually the LED status when one or more of the tag cards are close to the antenna. Should you want to start a development based on this demonstrator, you will find in this document and on the CD all information like schematics, board layout, list of component, firmware source (C code) and the related application note. Please note that all this material is provided to support the use of the related Melexis product. Duplication, circulation or storage on data carriers in any manner for any other type of use are not authorized by Melexis unless specific agreement.
4 Box Content
You will find in the box the following components. 1 RFID reader board Figure 1 RFID reader board. Top side 1 antenna board Figure 2 Antenna ANT2_0 Antenna connector Battery cable connector LED D3 LED D4 Antenna connector
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 3 tag cards Figure 3 ISO14443A tag cards 9V battery and battery cable Figure 4 The 9V battery and the power supply cable 1 CD with the firmware and documentation The delivered CD contains the complete documentation of the hardware and firmware for DEMO90121DA, User Manual, Datasheet MLX90121, Source Code of the firmware (written in C, flavor AVR gcc), Hex file of the firmware, Schematics of the board (ORCAD 9.2 file), Layout of the board (GERBER files), Bill of materials of the board 1 User Manual (on paper) - this document 1 Box Content (on paper) Connector to reader board Battery connector Battery
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5 Connections
The first step is to connect the component. Connect antenna board to the RFID reader board (3 pin connector). Then, connect battery cable to the RFID reader board (2 pin connector). Plug the battery to the battery connector of the cable.
6 Working principle
Once connected, this demonstrator allows the use of several functions which are generally used in RFID door access devices. Its principle is based on the unique identification number (UID) of ISO14443A tags. The demonstrator is able to store several UID. All cards which UID number is stored in the device can open the door. Each card is associated with a specific access privilege, Master Key or Valid Key. The highest card level (Master Key) which is unique (It can be only one card with Mater key privilege) can transfer its rights to open the door to a card which acquire by this way the second access level (Valid Key). The device can be re-initialized. By this way, one can change the card with the Master Key privilege and remove all other card from the Valid Key card list. When powering on the module or resetting it thro ugh its reset button, the module starts an initialisation phase: If no tag is present in the reading range of the antenna, nothing changes in the configuration. The UIDs previously stored in the memory are kept. If one tag is present, the device will read its UID, store it and associate it with the Master Key privilege and delete other UID from memory. If two or more tags are present, nothing changes in the configuration. The UIDs previously stored in the memory are kept. As this device could be an example for battery powered access control system, the power consumption was optimized. Therefore, the device is running in low power mode the main part of the time and switch on its tag detection function for few instant. In absence of tag, the device enters back in low power. In the opposite case, it starts an RFID communication and the door access function.
7 Functions and use
7.1 System initialization
Place a card on the antenna. Press BUTTON1 (reset) of the DEMO90121DA and check that the LEDs D3 and afterwards D2 start to blink rapidly (microcontroller registers tag card nr.1 as master card)
7.2 Opening the door
The device executes this operation in 3 steps; tag detection, opening ISO14443A communication, reading and checking the UID. Approach any kind of card near to the antenna. LEDs D2 and D3 will be on together indicating that a tag is detected. If this card is compliant to ISO14443A, then D2 will blink alone once. In the opposite case, nothing more happens. If this card has any access privilege (Master or Valid Key) then D3 will blink alone once, meaning that the card is recognized as valid card. In other case, nothing more happens.
7.3 Transfer access right
Put the card with the Master Key privilege (card A) together with another card (card B) close to the antenna. LEDs D2 and D3 will be on together (tag detected), then D2 alone will blink two times (two ISO14443A cards are detected), then D3 alone will blink two times (two valid codes are stored in microcontroller memory). This means that right to open the door is transferred from the card A to the card B. The card B UID is added as Valid Key card one.
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8 Observations
- Reading range of the DEMO90121DA is about 10cm. 2. Tag detection is made by change of the antenna field load compared to previous cycle (one cycle is about 300ms or longer). Therefore, the LEDs D2 and D3 blinking once together indicating in this way the field change. It could occur that approaching objects to the antenna generates a tag detection indication 3. When one or more ISO14443 tag cards are already in the field, just after the tag detection indication D2 will blink indicating how many cards it detected: once if only one card, twice if it detected two cards, etc. 4. In order to reduce a too strong coupling between tag cards, fan them a little when approaching two or more to the antenna. 5. The valid tag codes are stored in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller of the DEMO90121DA, so after a power-off the codes are not lost. 6. The average current consumption is ~0.4mA (no change of the antenna load).
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9 Hardware
9.1 General
The DEMO90121DA is built around the MLX90121 RFID transceiver front-end and the 8bit microcontroller Atmel ATMega8. The MLX90121 handles the air interface in transmission and in reception. It drives the antenna through its Class E power driver in order to generate the HF magnetic field and modulation according to the protocol and command generated by the microcontroller. It demodulates the answer from the tag and provides digital signals to the microcontroller. The ATMega8 runs the protocol and the application software. The board has three interfaces, one for the door opening mecanism, a SPI connection for the uC programmation, and a debug connector. It embeds a reset button, clock and power management functions and can be powered from a battery.
9.2 RF part
The MLX90121 integrates a class E driver capable of, providing up to 200mW to the antenna. The Class E driver (TX pin) is connected to the antenna through a resonant load and an adapter circuit. In order to give users the choice to connect to a variety of different antennas, the transceiver output is matched to 50 ȍ impedance. The adaptation impedance is composed by L2, C6 (resonant load), CV2 , C8, L4, L3, C10, CV1 (impedance adaptor). In order to get the best performance, it is necessary to tune the adaptation circuit. The tuning operation starts by adjusting CV2 to get the maximum amplitude. Once CV2 is fixed, the adjustment of CV1 can be done. Any 13.56MHz antenna matched to 50 ȍ can be used. However, care should be taken for its quality factor, which has to be between 10 and 25. In case antennas with other than 50 ȍ impedance the capacitor C9 is used to match the output. Tuning of the antenna has to be done when placed in it’s final position because close proximity to metallic parts, including wires can cause changes from its characteristics in free-air. For some tips in building the antenna see 13.56MHz RFID systems and antennas design guide 15pF Close to Antenna connector C10 150pF(130pF) GND _TX 100k 1 2 GND_uC 10E 1 2 RSS I TP1 Gnd CV 1 5.5-50pF CO N2 Antenna GND_T X 1.2uH GND_T X 100nF CV2 2.8-12.5pF RTB 680nH xxpF GND_RX MODE GND_T X GND_uC 6.8uH + C1 4.7uF/Tantal U2 MLX90121 VDD1 TX MOD VSS1 XO U T XI N VSS2 XB U F NC RTB RX VSS3 NC VDD3 DSY NC CK MODE DIN VDD2 DOUT TAG Reader MLX90121 DO UT BLM31AJ601SN1 5V DIN C11 100nF GND_RX GND _TX CK 47pF 2K2 1 2 DSYNC C13 100nF Close to pin 7 of MLX90121 C12 220pF CLK13M BLM31AJ601SN1 Figure 5 . MLX90121 transceiver block.
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enough for correct reception. If R1 is too small the DC bias voltage saturates the receiver input. resistor can be kept here or not mounted.
9.3 Microcontroller
CK, DSYNC, DOUT, DIN, RTB and MODE. Figure 6. Microcontroller block. adequate hardware and software allows read and write access to all memory blocks of the microcontroller. This is useful for firmware updates or changes in case of adaptation to specific requirement.
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Code size The firmware used in the DEMO90121DA requires 5.2KBytes of program FLASH of the ATMega8. The microcontroller ATMega8 can be substituted by other pin-compatible ATMEL models, with different characteristics and prices.
9.4 Power
The DEMO90121DA embeds a 5V regulator and therefore requires at minimum a 6V DC voltage s upply. A diode is used after the power connector to protect the board against reverse voltage. Supply CON1 Supply XC62FP5002P (SOT-89) INOUT GND 10uF/Tantal 30BQ060 125V Edge of the board 10uF/Tantal 100nF Soldered on a free PCB area of at least 1cm2 (filled with vias) 100nF Figure 7 Voltage regulator 5V The MLX90121 has three sets of s upply pins (power and ground) corresponding to its three main blocks: the digital block, the transmitter block and the receiver block. It is important to separate carefully the supply lines to reduce the noise issues. Therefore, supply pins are connected as follows: - the digital block supply pins VSS2 and VDD2 respectively to the microcontroller digital ground and directly to the main +5V; - the transmiter supply pins to the TX ground plane (VSS1) and the VDD1 insulated from the main +5V by a filtering circuit (L1, C7 and C1); - the receiver supply pins to the RX ground plane (VSS3) and VDD3 to the main +5V through another filter (L5, C11). The reference clock block of the MLX90121 is internally connected to the transmiter block, so the components at pins XIN, XOUT should be placed on the same ground plane (GND_TX). The microcontroller has two different sets of supply pins, the digital supply (GND_uC and the main +5V) and the analog one for the ADC, (GDN_ADC and AVCC pin) supplied from the main 5V through a filter (L6, C18). The microcontroller is awake about 0.98% of the time, and the transmitter 0.25% of the time. The measured average supply current is below 0.41mA. The two layer PCB has several ground planes that are connected one to each other by shunts that can be substituted by some small value resistors (0805 case) in order to reduce noise propagation between the different functional blocks:
9.5 Clock
The unique clock source reference is one quartz resonator of 13.56MHz connected to the microcontroller. In order to reduce the component count and the bill of material, the Xtal is shared and the clock output PB7 from the microcontroller is fed to the clock input XIN of the transceiver.
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9.6 Interface
There are additional components that interface the microcontroller to the ’external world’: An SPI interface which can be used for microcontroller programming, a reset switch for initialization of the system, a debug connector for the developer to verify the firmware changes and the functional interface composed of 2 LEDs , 2 digital level inputs for two position sensors (Limiter1 and Limiter2) and one low power digital level output (LockMotor). Limiter1 CH_SCK CK Edge of the board T P_90121dig Bad_Card CON3 DoorMechanism CH_MOSI uC reset circuit MO DE LockMotor R10 1 2 RTB 8K2 1 2 Good_Card DSY NC BUTTON1 Button_Reset1 3 SCK 1KR13 1 2 1 2 Door Mechanism Signals RST MOSI Dow nloader Edge of the board GND _uC DOUT GND_uC MI SO Serial Interface for uC 1KR1 4 1 2 GN D_uC C14 100nF CH_MOSI CH_RST Limiter2 100 CH_RST LED R CH_MISO LED G female CH_SCK GND _uC debug connector GND_uC CH_MISO GN D_uC RST BAS16 1 3 DIN Figure 8 Microcontroller interface to 'external' world Developers should add an adequate power buffer to be able to drive the door-lock motor or electromagnet.
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10 Firmware
10.1 Structure
The firmware developed for the DEMO90121DA provides master tag programming, anticollision handling and tag detection as the basic service functions of the door lock application. The flowchart below shows the main structure of the firmware: Figure 9 Main flowchart of the DEMO90121DA firmware After power-on or reset the microcontroller sends a read command to the first tag in the field and stores its ID in memory. This will become the ID of the master tag for the application. In the event of absence of tag in the field, the codes previously stored remain valid, including the master one.
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Once done, the firmware enters in its main loop. The RSSI level is measured and compared to the reference stored in the microcontroller memory in order to detect the presence of a tag in the field. Without any tag, the system will enter into sleep mode for the period defined by the RC circuit connected on PD3. If a tag is in the field, it starts an inventory according to ISO14443A protocol (see Figure 10) and reads all the IDs (identification codes) answering to its requests. (See Figure 9) Figure 10 Reading the tag codes in the field If only one valid tag is in the field the microcontroller sends the command to open the door. If there are several valid tags in the field but not the master tag , they will be ignored and the door will not be opened. (See Figure 9) If the master tag is detected together with other tags (ISO14443A), the firmware registers all codes as valid, and will reset all previous valid ones. In order to prevent valid codes redefinition by error, this registering is conditioned by the state of the two limiters: door-lock should be opened and door handle pushed. If only the master tag is in the field, the list stays as-is, and the command to open the door is sent. (See Figure 9) In order to reduce the success rate of code-scan hacking devices, the door-lock can be opened in the presence of only one valid tag in the field. This applies to the master tag too. A closed door limit switch condition restricts the firmware to access the function to open the door, and for only one valid tag present in the field. (See Figure 9)
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 After a hardware reset there is the possibility to clean the list of all valid codes and redefine the master tag code. (See Figure 11) Figure 11 Reading the master tag code at reset Observations: The valid tag codes can be up to 12 bytes long (96bits). The algorithm can be modified in order to comply with the specific needs of the targeted application. The long sleep period of about 300ms is hardware based (see Figure 12): a RC circuit connected to pin INT1 (pin 1 of ATMega8) is discharged from VDD towards the input level ‘LOW’ triggering in this way an interrupt (see Figure 12).
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 In order to reduce the power consumption of the device, we use POWER DOWN mode of the microcontroller. All clocks are stopped and only the watch-dog is running. The watch-dog is reset at the end of the main loop, and also after long delays. Figure 12 Sleep 300ms sequence
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10.2 Practical information
The firmware of the DEMO90121DA is based on the FW121 library. (FW90121: Firmware description) This library provides the ISO15693 and ISO14443 protocol functions as specific commands to control the MLX90121, address its internal registers, and read/write to the EEPROM of the ATMEL microcontroller. At power-on or reset, the microcontroller IO ports, timers, ADC, and watch-dog, and the MLX90121 transceiver registers are configured for the ISO14443A protocol as described in the MLX90121 datasheet. The firmware was developed using GCC under AVR Studio 4. The firmware can be loaded in the microcontroller using the SPI interface connected to a STK500, STK300, AVRISP mkII module or similar, driven by appropriate software (AVR Studio, PonyProg2000, etc). FW_DA21_14A.c and FW_DA21_14A.h contain the firmware specific gcc code and the functions’ prototypes. HwDefs.h describes the hardware (input, output pins, etc.). The file FW_DA21_14A.aps is the AVR Studio 4 project file.
11 Power consumption
The DEMO90121DA is built for running on battery power and the current consumption is therefore optimized. The picture below (Figure 13) shows the typical current consumption variation during one cycle (loop). Figure 13 Supply current variation (No tag in field) The average current consumption is about 0.41mA giving 100 days autonomy using a 1000mAh battery. This value is of course dependant on the number of access events and is deeply impacted by the consumption of the door lock mecanism. Special care should be taken for the choice of RSSI threshold (dVrssi parameter). If its value is too small, noise can make the device start inventory attempts without tags in proximity. &XUUHQWFRQVXPSWLRQYDOXHV Working phase: parameters Current [mA] Period [ms] both microcontroller and MLX90121 in power-down: I1 and t1 0.16 288 microcontroller active and MLX90121 in power-down: I2 and t2 4.6 1.64 wake-up phase of MLX90121 (idle mode) and microcontroller activ: I3 and t3 18.5 0.49 MLX90121 in transmit mode and microcontroller active: I4 and t4 75 0.74 As shown in the table, MLX90121 is in power-down most of the time (t 1§288ms). The transmitter is on for very short time if the RSSI signal didn’t change since last loop, then the microcontroller puts MLX90121 in power-down. If the RSSI signal changed significantly MLX90121 sends the inventory commands, and is afterwards put in power-down mode (t 4 increases to tens of ms). The microcontroller will continue to check the inventory results and eventually open the door-lock, or store the new codes in EEPROM.
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Using four alkaline AA batteries to supply the application board DEMO90121DA with 10 actuations (ISO14443A tag cards passed through the 13.56MHz field) per day, the voltage variation looks like depicted in Figure 14. VBat in time -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0:00:00 24:00:00 48:00:00 72:00:00 96:00:00 120:00:00 144:00:00 hh:mm:ss dV Figure 14 Battery voltage variation during a few days
12 Conclusion
The DEMO90121DA is an example of a small, cost effective, and simple control module for door access based on the Melexis 13.56MHz transceiver MLX90121. It can also be considered as an advanced starting point for developers who want to build their own system meeting their specific requirements. The software library FW121 facilitates the software development for MLX90121 transceiver, and the programmer can use high level commands to communicate with the MLX90121. By this way, they can concentrate on the management of the microcontroller and the upper level functionality of the application. References schematics: See below Layout: See below MLX90121 datasheet ATMega8 datasheet FW90121: Firmware description 13.56MHz RFID systems and antennas design guide
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13 Annexes
150p F(130 pF) GN D_ADC RST 10 0nF GND_u C GN D_RX GND_TX CK GND_AD C MISO 13.56MHZ 1 00k Edge of the board GND_uC GN D_uC MODE GN D_uC 10E 1 2 L ockMotor RSSI female TP 1 Gnd 1 2 DI N CV1 5. 5- 50 p F CON 2 Antenn a DSYNC TP_90 121d ig CL K13 M 10M R1 6 GND _TX 1.2u H GN D_TX RST SHUN T 2 1ohm DS YNC 1 00nF C15 1 0nF LockMotor CH_MOSI CV2 2. 8- 12 .5 p F C18 100n F R10 1 2 Go od_ Ca rd RTB 1 0 uF /Ta nt al Edge of the board Door Mechanism Signals CH_SCK 6 80nH CH_MOSI Dow nlo ader Edge of the board xxpF LED G 1 2 MOD E C19 22 pF GND _uC 10M R15 GND_uC GND_RX MOD E GND_uC RSSI_f il C14 10 0nF C16 1 00n F GND_TX MOSI GN D_uC C20 2 2pF GND _ADC GND_uC GND_uC 10 uF/Ta ntal DOU T SHUN T 3 1ohm Serial Interface for uC uC reset circuit 6.8u H CH_MI SO CH_MI SO + C1 4.7u F/Tan ta l 12SCK U2 MLX9 0121 VD D1 TX MOD VS S1 XOUT XIN VS S2 XBUF NC RTB RX VS S3 NC VDD 3 DSYNC CK MODE DIN VDD 2 DOU T C21 22 nF 100 k R11 DO U T CON1 Su pply TAG Reader MLX90121 Same horizontal or vertical lineBa d_Card Li m it er 1 DOU T GN D_uC BLM31AJ60 1SN1 BUTTON1 Bu tto n_Rese t1 2 TP2 Gnd Supply RTB TP3 Gnd SHUN T 4 1ohm Limiter1 8K 2 Bad_Card Good_ Card C1 7 10n F Close to pin 5 of ATmega8 CH_RST MOSI uC (ADC, memory, serial interface) RS T RS SI DIN GND _uC C11 1 00nF 1KR13 GND_uC 1KR14 LE D R 1 2 GN D_TX GN D_R X DIN GND_ADC GND_T X GND_ADC CH_SCK GND_uC CK Soldered on a free PCB area of at least 1cm2 (filled with vias) SCK 10 0 BLM3 1AJ601 SN1
30 BQ060
CH_RST Limiter2 47p F 2K2 1 2 Close to pin 5 of ATmega8 RT B DSYNC MISO C13 100n F GND_ADC BA S1 6 GND connections 1.1 RF9 012 1DA: 13.56MHz Tag Rea der for door access a pplica tions Thu rsday, August 0 9, 2 007 MEL EX IS Tech nologies SA Si ze Sc ale CAGE Code DWG N O R ev Sh eet of X C6 2FP500 2P (SOT -8 9) INOUT GND debug connector Close to pin 7 of MLX90121 GND_TX CON3 Doo rMe chan ism C1 2 22 0pF 100 R12 CLK13M $7PHJD ATme ga8 -1 6AU PD3 PD4 GND VCC GND VCC PB 6 PB 7 PD5 PD6 PD7 PB 0 PB 1 PB 2 PB 3 PB 4 PB5 AV CC ADC6 ARE F GND ADC7 PC0 PC1PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PD0 PD1 PD2 BLM3 1AJ601 SN1 Close to pin 4 of MLX90121
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 List of components Quantity Reference Part Type of component
1 BUTTON1 Button_Reset button
1 CON1 Supply connector
1 CON2 Antenna connector
1 CON3 DoorMechanism connector
2 CV1, CV2 5.5-50pF variable capacitor 1 C1 4.7uF/Tantal tantalum capacitor
2 C2, C5 10uF/Tantal tantalum capacitor
8 C3,C4,C7,C11,C13,C14,C16,C18 100nF capacitor
1 C6 47pF capacitor
1 C8 15pF capacitor
1 C9* 0pF** capacitor
1 C10 150pF(130pF) capacitor
1 C12 220pF capacitor
1 C15 1nF capacitor
1 C17 10nF capacitor
2 C20,C19 22pF capacitor
1 C21 22nF capacitor
1 D1 30BQ060 Schottky diode
1 D2 BAS16 low-power diode
1 D3 LED G 1,8MM LED
1 D4 LED R 1,8MM LED
1 J1 Downloader connector
1 J2* TP_90121dig connector
3 L1,L5,L6 BLM31AJ601SN1 EMI filter
1 L2 1.2uH inductor
1 L3 680nH inductor
1 L4 6.8uH inductor
1 R1 4K7** resistor
1 R2 10** resistor
2 R3,R11 100K resistor
4 R4,R5,R7,R8 1K resistor
2 R12,R6 100 resistor
1 R9 8K2 resistor
3 R10,R13,R14 1K resistor
1 R15 10M resistor
1 R16 10M resistor
4 SHUNT1,SHUNT2,SHUNT3,SHUNT4 0ohm** resistor
3 TP1,TP2,TP3 Gnd test point
1 U1 XC62FP5002P (Torex) voltage regulator
1 U2 MLX90121 (Melexis) 13MHz transceiver
1 U3 ATmega8-16AU (Atmel) uC
1 Y1 13.56MHZ quartz resonator * Optional component. ** Value to be adjusted if necessary
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Rev 002 Apr. 2008 Layout TOP BOTTOM
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14 Disclaimer
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life- support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2007 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: America: phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com Europe, Africa, Asia: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com Asia: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: sales_asia@melexis.com ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified