AP8010 AITSEMI | Alldatasheet
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AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 1 - DESCRIPTION FEATURES The AP8010 is a high performance AC -DC off‐line controller for low power battery charger and adapter applications with Universal‐input. It uses Pulse Frequency and Width Modulation (PFWM) method to build discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) flyback power supplies. The AP8010 utilizes primary‐side sensing and regulation technology to provide accurate constant voltage, constant current (CV/CC) regulation without requiring an opto‐coupler and secondary control circuitry. It also eliminates the need of external loop compensation circuitry while maintaining stability. The AP8010 achieves excellent regulation and high average efficiency, yet meets the requirement for standby power less than 150mW. The AP8010 ensures safe operation with complet e protection against all fault conditions. Built‐in protection circuitry is provided for output short circuit, output over‐voltage, line under‐voltage, V DD over voltage, feedback open and short, and over temperature conditions. Integrated line and primary inductance compensation circuitry, the AP8010 provides accurate constant current operation despite wide variations in line voltage and primary inductance. It has the built‐in cable voltage drop compensation function. The AP8010 is available in SOT-25 package. Primary Side Regulation Technology for Eliminating Opto‐coupler and Secondary CV/CC Control Circuitry Best‐in‐Class Constant Voltage, Constant Current Accuracy Built‐in Soft‐Start Circuit Integrated Line and Primary Inductance Compensation Integrated Output Cable Voltage Drop Compensation Line Under‐Voltage, Output Over‐Voltage, Output Short‐Circuit and Over‐Temperature Protection Minimum External Components Low EMI Available in SOT-25 Package APPLICATION Chargers for Cell Phones, PDAs, MP3, Portable Media Players, DSCs, and Other Portable Devices and Appliances RCC Adapter Replacements Linear Adapter Replacements Standby and Auxiliary Supplies ORDERING INFORMATION TYPICAL APPLICATION Package Type Part Number SOT-25 E5 AP8010E5R AP8010E5VR Note R: Tape & Reel V: Halogen free Package AiT provides all RoHS products Suffix “ V” means Halogen free Package Simplified Application Circuit
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 2 - PIN DESCRIPTION Top View Pin # Symbol Function 1 FB Feedback Pin. Connect to a resistor divider network from the auxiliary winding
2 GND Ground
3 NC No Connection
Switch Driver. Connect this pin to the emitter of the power NPN transistor or source of the power MOSFET
5 VDD Power Supply
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 3 - ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VDD to GND ‐0.3V~＋23.5V Maximum Continuous VDD Current 20mA FB to GND ‐0.3V~+6V SW to GND ‐0.3V ~＋23.5 V Continuous SW Current Internally limited (A) Maximum Power Dissipation 0.53W θJA , Junction to Ambient Thermal Resistance 190°C/W Operating Junction Temperature ‐40°C~＋150°C Storage Temperature ‐55°C~＋150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10sec) 300°C Stresses above may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Electrical Characteristics are not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 4 -
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VDD=15V, VOUT=5V, LP=2mH, NP=130, NS=10, NA=32, TA=25°C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter Symbol Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply VDD Turn‐On Voltage VDDON VDD Rising 18.5 19.5 20.5 V VDD Turn‐Off Voltage VDDOFF VDD Falling 6.5 7.5 8.5 V Static Current IDD After Turn‐On, VDD=15V - 1 2 mA Start Up Current IDDST Before Turn‐On, VDD=18V 10 18 30 μA Soft Start Time TSS - 5 - ms Oscillator Maximum Frequency fSWCLAMP 40 50 60 kHz Maximum Duty Cycle DMAX ISW=10mA 83 87.5 92 % Feedback Effective FB Feedback Voltage VFB FB in Regulation 3.4 3.45 3.5 V FB Leakage Current - - - 100 nA Output Cable Drop Compensation CABLECOMP 4.5 6 - % Current Limit SW Current Limit ILIM - 420 - mA Leading Edge Blanking Time - 200 250 - ns SW Driver Switch On‐Resistance RON ISW=50mA - 3 4 Ω SW Off Leakage Current - Switch in off‐state, VSW=22V - 1 10 μA Protection VDD OVP Trigger Voltage VDDOVP 21.5 22.5 23.5 V FB OVP Trigger Voltage FBOVP - 4.85 - V Thermal Shutdown Temperature - - 150 - °C Thermal Hysteresis - - 10 - °C
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 5 - BLOCK DIAGRAM
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 6 - DETAILED INFORMATION As s hown in Block Diagram, to regulate the output voltage in CV (constant voltage) mode, the AP8010 compares the feedback voltage at FB pin to the internal reference and generates an error signal. The error signal, compensated with the internal compensation network, modulates the external NPN transistor peak current with current mode PFWM (Pulse Frequency and Width Modulation) control. To regulate the output current in CC (constant current) mode, the oscillator frequency is modulated by the output voltage. SW is a driver output that drives the emitter of an external high voltage NPN transistor. This base‐emitter‐drive method makes the drive circuit the most efficient. Fast Startup VDD is the power supply terminal for the IC. During startup, the IC typically draws 20μA supply current. The bleed resistor from the rectified high voltage DC rail supplies current to V DD until it exceeds the VDDON threshold of 19.5V. At this point, the IC enters normal operation when switching begins and the output voltage begins to rise. The VDD bypass capacitor must supply the IC and the NPN base drive until the output voltage builds up enough to provide power from the auxiliary winding to sustain the VDD. The VDDOFF threshold is 7.5V, and therefore, the voltage on the VDD capacitor must not drop more than 7.5V while the output is charging up. Constant Voltage (CV) Mode Operation In constant voltage operation, the AP8010 captures the auxiliary flyback signal at FB pin through a resistor divider network. The signal at FB pin is amplified against the internal reference voltage, and the secondary side output voltage is extracted. When the secondary output voltage is above regulation, the error amplifier output voltage decreases to reduce the switch current. While the secondary output voltage is below regulation, the error amplifier output voltage increases to ramp up the switch current to bring the secondary output back to regulation. The output regulation voltage is determined by the following equation: Where V FB is the internal reference voltage, R1 and R2 are bottom and top feedback resistor, N S and NA are numbers of transformer secondary and auxiliary turns, and VF is the rectifier diode forward drop vo ltage at approximately 0.1A bias.
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 7 - Standby (No Load) Mode In no load standby mode, the AP8010 oscillator frequency is further reduced to a minimum frequency while the current pulse is reduced to a minimum level to minimize standby power. The actual minimum switching frequency is programmable with an output preload resistor. Loop Compensation The AP8010 integrates loop compensation circuitry for simplified application design, optimized transient response, and minimal external components. Output Cable Resistance Compensation The AP8010 provides output cable voltage drop compensation during constant voltage regulation, monotonically adding an output voltage correction up to predetermined percentage at full load. Constant Current (CC) Mode Operation When the secondary output current reaches a level set by the internal current limiting circuit, the AP8010 enters current limit condition and causes the secondary output voltage to drop. As the output voltage decreases, so does the flyback voltage in a proportional manner. An internal current shaping circuitry adjusts the switching frequency based on the flyback voltage so that the transferred power remains proportional to the output voltage, resulting in a constant secondary side output current profile. The energy transferred to the output during each switching cycle is ½(LP × IP2) × η, where LP is the transformer primary inductance, IP is the primary peak current, and η is the conversion efficiency. From this formula, the constant output current can be derived: Where F SW is the switching frequency and V OUTCV is the nominal secondary output voltage. The constant current operation typically extends down to lower than 40% of nominal output voltage regulation. Primary Inductance Compensation The AP8010 integrates a built‐in primary inductance compensation circuit to maintain constant current regulation despite variations in transformer manufacturing. The compensated range is ±7%.
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 8 - Primary Inductor Current Limit Compensation The AP8010 integrates a primary inductor peak current limit compensation circuit to achieve constant input power over line and load ranges. Output Short Circuit Protection When the secondary side output is short circuited, the AP8010 enters hiccup mode operation. In this condition, the VDD voltage drops below the VDDOFF threshold and the auxiliary supply voltage collapses. This turns off the AP8010 and causes it to restart. This hiccup behavior continues until the short circuit is removed. Output Over‐Voltage Protection The AP8010 includes output over‐voltage protection circuitry, which shuts down the IC when the output voltage is 40% above the normal regulation voltage for 4 consecutive switching cycles. The AP8010 enters hiccup mode when an output over voltage fault is detected. Over Temperature Shutdown The thermal shutdown circuitry detects the AP8010 die temperature. The typical over temperature threshold is 150°C with 10°C hysteresis. When the die temperature rises above this threshold the AP8010 is disabled until the die temperature falls by 10°C, at which point the AP8010 is re‐enabled.
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 9 -
Application Information
Fig. 1, NPN Reverse Bias Safe Operation Area The AP8010 allows a low‐cost high voltage power NPN transistor such as ‘13003 or ‘13002 to be used safely in flyback configuration. The required c ollector voltage rating for VAC = 265V with full output load is at least 600V to 700V. As seen from Fig 1, NPN Reverse Bias Safe Operation Area, the breakdown voltage of an NPN is significantly improved when it is driven at its emitter. Thus, the AP8010+’13002 or ‘13003 combination meets the necessary breakdown safety requirement. Table 1 lists the breakdown voltage of some transistors appropriate for use with the AP8010. The power dissipated in the NPN transistor is equal to the collector current times the collector‐emitter voltage. As a result, the transistor must always be in saturation when turned on to prevent excessive power dissipation. Select an NPN transistor with sufficiently high current gain (h FEMIN > 8) and a base drive resistor low enough to ensure that the transistor easily saturates. DEVICE VCBO VCEO IC hFEMIN PACKAGE MJE13002 600V 300V 1.5A 25 TO‐126 MJE13003 KSE13003 700V 400V 1.5A 25 TO‐126 STX13003 700V 400V 1A 25 TO‐92
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 10 - Typical Application Circuit Fig. 1 5V/750mA Output for Cell Phone Charger Table 1 Bill of Material C1, C2 4.7μF/400V Q1 13002S,TO-92 C3 4.7nF/1kV L1 1.5mH C4 4.7μF/25V FR1 10 C5 680μF/10V R1 See Table 2 C6 1nF/50V R2 See Table 2 C7 470pF/50V R3, R10 100 C8 680pF/50V R4 33 D1-D4 1N4007 R5 750k R7, R8 1.5M D5 FR107 R6 10 D6 HER103 R9 390 D7 1N4148 R11 1k D8 SB240 T1 See Table 2
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 11 - Design Procedure Fig. 1, Typical Application Circuit, shows a complete, optimized constant voltage/constant current charger application. The application design procedure for using the AP8010 is simple. Based on the control IC selected, three components determine the output constant voltage and constant current settings: the transformer T1 and resistors R5 and R6. Refer to Table 2 for selection values for these three key components for different typical design cases. The Typical Application Circuit in Fig . 1 lists component values of other devices in a complete charger application. Design Notes 1. Feedback resistors R1 and R2 must meet the ±1% maximum tolerance to have good VOUT regulation. 2. The value of the feedback resistor can be chosen slightly different from the table according to the actual system efficiencies in different systems. 3. The value of VOUT capacitor should be chosen differently to meet the VOUT ripple for different systems. 4. C8 must be added to guarantee good CC accuracy. Table 2 Component Selection Part Number OUTPUT TRANSFORMER RESISTOR NETWORK VO(V) IO(mA) NP NA NS LP±7% (mH) R1±1% (kΩ) R2±1% (kΩ) AP8010 5.0 1000 130 10. 32 2.0 9.88 36 PCB Layout Consideration Good PCB layout is critical to have optimal performance. Decoupling capacitor (C4) and feedback resistor (R1/R2) should be placed close to V DD and FB pins respectively. There are two main power path loops. One is formed by C1/C2, primary winding, NPN tr ansistor and the AP8010. The other is the secondary winding, rectifier D8 and output capacitors (C5). Keep these loop areas as small as possible. Connect high current ground returns, the input capacitor ground lead, and the AP8010 GND pin to a single point (star ground configuration).
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 12 -
PACKAGE INFORMATION
Dimension in SOT-25 (Unit: mm) Symbol Min Max A 1.050 1.250 A1 0.000 0.100 A2 1.050 1.150 b 0.300 0.500 c 0.100 0.200 D 2.820 3.020 E 1.500 1.700 E1 2.650 2.950 e 0.950(BSC) e1 1.800 2.000 L 0.300 0.600 θ 0° 8°
AiT Semiconductor Inc. www.ait-ic.com AP8010 AC-DC PWM CONTROLLER PRIMARY SWITCHING REGULATORS REV1.0 -JUL 2012 RELEASED - - 13 - IMPORTANT NOTICE AiT Semiconductor Inc. (AiT) reserves the right to make changes to any its pr oduct, specifications, to discontinue any integrated circuit product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain t he latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. AiT Semiconductor Inc. 's integrated circuit products are not designed, intended, authorized, or warranted to be suitable for use in life support applications, devices or systems or other critical applications. Use of AiT products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. As used herein may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or ser vere property, or environmental damage. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer's applications, the customer should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. AiT Semiconductor Inc . assumes to no liability to customer product des ign or application support. AiT warrants the performance of its products of the specifications applicable at the time of sale.