AP1501 UMW | Alldatasheet

Document overview

  • Manufacturer or author: Provided By alldatasheet.com(free datasheet download site)
  • PDF pages: 13

Technical content

The AP1501 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 3A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output version. Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation, and a fixed-frequency oscillator. The AP1501 series operates at a switching frequency of 150 kHz thus allowing smaller sized filter components than what would be needed with lower frequency switching regulators. Available in a standard 5-lead TO-220 package with several different lead bend options, and a 5-lead TO-263 surface mount package. A standard series of inductors are available from several different manufacturers optimized for use with the AP1501 series. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode power supplies. Other features include a guaranteed ±4% tolerance on output voltage under specified input voltage and output load conditions, and ±15% on the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring typically 80 µA standby current. Self protection features include a two stage frequency reducing current limit for the output switch and an over temperature shutdown for complete protection under fault conditions.

FEATURES

  • 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and adjustable output versions
  • Adjustable version output voltage range, 1.2V to 37V
  • ±4% max over line and load conditions
  • Available in TO-220 and TO-263 packages
  • Guaranteed 3A output load current
  • Input voltage range up to 40V
  • Requires only 4 external components
  • Excellent line and load regulation specifications
  • 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator
  • TTL shutdown capability
  • Low power standby mode, I Q typically 80 µA
  • High efficiency
  • Uses readily available standard inductors
  • Thermal shutdown and current limit protection

APPLICATIONS

  • Simple high-efficiency step-down (buck) regulator
  • On-card switching regulators
  • Positive to negative converter TYPICAL APPLICATION (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) BLOCK DIAGRAM IN AP 1501 5.0 C IN 680 F µ 220 F µ C OUT 12V 1 2 5.0V 150kHz OSC Active capacitor AMP LATCH DRIVER COM COM START UP + + GM 2.5V FEEDBACK ON/ OFF V IN OUTPUT GND UMW R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

AP1501-5.0 PIN FUNCTIONS IN - This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. Ground - Circuit ground. Output - Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches between (+V IN - V SAT ) and approximately -0.5V, with a duty cycle of approximately V OUT IN . To minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry, the PC board copper area connected to this pin should be kept to a minimum. Feedback —Senses the regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop. ON/OFF - Allows the switching regulator circuit to be shut down using logic level signals thus dropping the total input supply current to approximately 80 µA. Pulling this pin below a threshold voltage of approximately 1.3V turns the regulator on, and pulling this pin above 1.3V (up to a maximum of 25V) shuts the regulator down. If this shutdown feature is not needed, the ON /OFF pin can be wired to the ground pin or it can be left open, in either case the regulator will be in the ON condition. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) Maximum Supply Voltage 45V ON /OFF Pin Input Voltage -0.3 ≤ V ≤ +25V Feedback Pin Voltage -0.3 ≤ V ≤+25V Output Voltage to Ground (Steady State) -1V Power Dissipation Internally limited Storage Temperature Range -65 C to +150 C ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (Note 2) 2 kV Lead Temperature S Package Vapor Phase (60 sec.) +215 C Infrared (10 sec.) +245 C T Package (Soldering, 10 sec.) +260 C Maximum Junction Temperature +150 C OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature Range -40 C≤T J ≤+125 C Supply Voltage 4.5V to 40V AP1501-3.3

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Specifications with standard type face are for T J = 25 C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range AP1501-3.3 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 3) Limit (Note 4) Units (Limits) SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 5)Test Circuit Figure 1 V OUT Output Voltage 4.7V5≤V IN ≤40V, 0.2A≤I LOAD ≤3A 3.3 3.168/3.135 3.432/3.465 V V(min) V(max) η Efficiency V IN =12V, I LOAD =3A 73 % Specifications with standard type face are for T J = 25 C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range AP1501-5.0 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 3) Limit (Note 4) Units (Limits) SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 5)Test Circuit Figure 1 V OUT Output Voltage 7V≤V IN ≤40V, 0.2A≤I LOAD ≤3A 5.0 4.800/4.750 5.200/5.250 V V(min) V(max) η Efficiency V IN =12V, I LOAD =3A 80 % AP1501-12 Specifications with standard type face are for T J = 25 C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range AP1501-12 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 3) Limit (Note 4) Units (Limits) SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 5)Test Circuit Figure 1 V OUT Output Voltage 15V≤V IN ≤40V, 0.2A≤I LOAD ≤3A 12.0 11.52/11.40 12.48/12.60 V V(min) V(max) η Efficiency V IN =12V, I LOAD =3A 90 % AP1501-ADJ R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

Specifications with standard type face are for T J = 25 C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range AP1501-ADJ Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 3) Limit (Note 4) Units (Limits) SYSTEM PARAMETERS (Note 5)Test Circuit Figure 1 V OUT Output Voltage 4.5V≤V IN ≤40V, 0.2A≤I LOAD ≤3A V OUT programmed for 3V. Circuit of Figure 1. 1.230 1.193/1.180 1.267/1.280 V V(min) V(max) η Efficiency V IN =12V, V OUT =3V, I LOAD =3A 73 % ALL OUTPUT VOLTAGE VERSIONS Specifications with standard type face are for T J = 25 C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, V IN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and V IN = 24V for the 12V version. I LOAD = 500 mA AP1501-XX Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ (Note 3) Limit (Note 4) Units (Limits) DEVICE PARAMETERS I b Feedback Bias Current Adjustable Version Only, V FB =1.3V nA nA (max) f O Oscillator Frequency (Note 6) 150 kHz kHz (min) kHz (max) V SAT Saturation Voltage I OUT =3A (Notes 7, 8) 1.16 1.4/1.5 V V (max) DC Max Duty Cycle (ON) Min Duty Cycle (OFF) (Note 8) (Note 9) 100 I CL Current Limit Peak Current (Notes 7, 8) 4.5 3.6/3.4 6.9/7.5 A A (min) A (max) Output=0V (Notes 7, 9) 50 µA (max) I L Output Leakage Current Output=-0.9V (Note 10) 10 mA mA (max) I Q Quiescent Current (Note 9) 5 mA mA (max) I STBY Standby Quiescent Current ON/OFF pin=5V (OFF) (Note 10) 80 µA µA (max) θ JC Thermal Resistance TO-220 or TO-263 Package, Junction to Case 2 C/W θ JA C/W θ JA C/W θ JA C/W θ JA C/W ON/OFF CONTROL Test Circuit Figure 1 V IH V IL ON/OFF Pin Logic Input Threshold Voltage Low (Regulator ON) High (Regulator OFF) 1.3 0.6 2.0 V V (max) V (min) I H V LOGIC =2.5V (Regulator OFF) 5 µA µA (max) I L ON/OFF Pin Input Current V LOGIC =0.5V (Regulator ON) 0.02 µA µA (max) Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5k resistor into each pin. Note 3: Typical numbers are at 25 C and represent the most likely norm. Note 4: All limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL). Note 5: External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors, and voltage programming resistors can affect switching regulator system performance. When the AP1501 is used as shown in the Figure 1 test circuit, system performanc e will be as shown in system parameters section of Electrical Characteristics. UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 3www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

Note 6: The switching frequency is reduced when the second stage current limit is activated. The amount of reduction is determined by the severity of current over-load. Note 7: No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin. Note 8: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0V to force the output transistor switch ON. Note 9: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and the ADJ. version, and 15V for the 12V version, to force the output transistor switch OFF. Note 10: V IN = 40V. Note 11: Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the TO-220 package mounted vertically, with the leads soldered to a printed circuit board with (1 oz.) copper area of approximately 1 in Note 12: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a single printed circuit board with 0.5 in of (1 oz.) copper area. Note 13: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a single sided printed circuit board with 2.5 in of (1 oz.) copper area. Note 14: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a double sided printed circuit board with 3 in of (1 oz.) copper area on the AP1501S side of the board, and approximately 16 in of copper on the other side of the p-c board. TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1) Normalized Output Voltage Line Regulation Efficiency Switch Saturation Voltage Switch Current Limit Dropout Voltage 1.5 1.0 0.5 -0.5 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) EFFICIENCY (% 3.3V 12V 20V 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0 12 3 4 SWITCH CURRENT (A) SATURATION VOLTAGE (V) V =12V IN T= - 4 0C J 25 C 125 C -50 -25 0 25 50 75 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 SW ITCH CURREN T LIM IT (A) V= 1 2 V V= 5 V IN OUT -50 -25 0 25 50 75 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 I= 3 A LOAD I= 1 A LOAD UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Circuit of Figure 1) (Continued) Operating Quiescent Current Shutdown Quiescent Current Minimum Operating Supply Voltage ON/OFF Threshold Voltage ON/OFF Pin Current (Sinking) Switching Frequency Feedback Pin Bias Current -50 -25 0 25 50 75 SUPPLY CURREN T (m I= 0 SWITCH CURRENT ( µ 0 10 20 30 40 120 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) T=2 5C J V= 5 V ON/ OFF -50 -25 0 25 50 75 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -50 -25 0 25 50 75 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 THRESHO LD vO LTAG E (V) OFF ON 0 5 10 15 20 25 ON/ OF PIN VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT ( µ -50 -25 0 25 50 75 160 155 150 145 140 135 130 FREQUENCY (kHz) -50 -25 0 25 50 75 -5.0 -2.5 2.5 5.0 7.5 FEEDBACK BIAS CURRENT (nA) ADJUSTABLE VERSION ONLY UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms V IN =20V, V OUT =5V, I LOAD =2A L=32µµµµH, C OUT =220µµµµF, C OUT ESR=50mΩΩΩΩ Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms V IN =20V, V OUT =5V, I LOAD =500mA L=10µµµµH, C OUT =330µµµµF, C OUT ESR=45mΩΩΩΩ 20V 10V AC/ div A B C A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/ div B: Inductor Current 1A/ div C: Output Ripple Voltage, 50mV/ div Horizontal Time Base: 2 s/ div µ Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode V IN =20V, V OUT =5V, I LOAD =500mA to 2A L=32µµµµH, C OUT =220µµµµF, C OUT ESR=50mΩΩΩΩ Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode V IN =20V, V OUT =5V, I LOAD =500mA to 2A L=10µµµµH, C OUT =330µµµµF, C OUT ESR=45mΩΩΩΩ 20V 10V AC/ div A B C A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/ div B: Inductor Current 1A/ div C: Output Ripple Voltage, 100mV/ div Horizontal Time Base: 2 s/ div µ AC div A B A: Output Voltage, 100mV/div.(AC) B: 500mA to 2A Load Pulse Horizontal Time Base: 100 s/ div µ A: Output Voltage, 100mV/div. (AC) B: 500mA to 2A Load Pulse Horizontal Time Base: 200 s/ div µ AC div A B UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 6www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司

Figure 1. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides using ground plane construction or single point grounding. When using the adjustable version, special care must be taken as to the location of the feedback resistors and the associated wiring. Physically locate both resistors near the IC, and route the wiring away from the inductor, especially an open core type of inductor. k, use a 1% resistor for best stability.

AP1501 SERIES BUCK REGULATOR DESIGN PROCEDURE (FIXED OUTPUT) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) Given: Given: V OUT = Regulated Output Voltage (3.3V, 5V or 12V) V OUT =5V V IN (max) = Maximum DC Input Voltage V IN (max) = 12V I LOAD (max) = Maximum Load Current I LOAD (max) = 3A 1. Inductor Selection (L1) 1. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Select the correct inductor value selection guide from Figures Figure 4, Figure 5,or Figure 6. (Output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, or 12V respectively.) For all other voltages, see the design procedure for the adjustable version. A. Use the inductor selection guide for the 5V version shown in Figure 5. B. From the inductor value selection guide, identify the inductance region intersected by the Maximum Input Voltage line and the Maximum Load Current line. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). B. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 5, the inductance region intersected by the 12V horizontal line and the 3A vertical line is 33 µH, and the inductor code is L40. C. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer’s part numbers listed in Figure 8. C. The inductance value required is 33 µH. From the table in Figure 8, go to the L40 line and choose an inductor part number from any of the four manufacturers shown. (In most in-stance, both through hole and surface mount inductors are available.) 2. Output Capacitor Selection (C OUT ) 2. Output Capacitor Selection (C OUT A. In the majority of applications, low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) electrolytic capacitors between 82 µF and 820 µF and low ESR solid tantalum capacitors between 10 µF and 470 µF provide the best results. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short capacitor leads and short copper traces. Do not use capacitors larger than 820 µF. A. See section on output capacitors in application information section. B. To simplify the capacitor selection procedure, refer to the quick design component selection table shown in Figure 2. This table contains different input voltages, output voltages, and load currents, and lists various inductors and output capacitors that will provide the best design solutions. B. From the quick design component selection table shown in Figure 2, locate the 5V output voltage section. In the load current column, choose the load current line that is closest to the current needed in your application, for this example, use the 3A line. In the maximum input voltage column, select the line that covers the input voltage needed in your application, in this example, use the 15V line. Continuing on this line are recommended inductors and capacitors that will provide the best overall performance. The capacitor list contains both through hole electrolytic and surface mount tantalum capacitors from four different capacitor manufacturers. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturer’s series that are listed in the table be used. In this example aluminum electrolytic capacitors from several different manufacturers are available with the range of ESR numbers needed. 330 µF 35V Panasonic HFQ Series 330 µF 35V Nichicon PL Series C. The capacitor voltage rating for electrolytic capacitors should be at least 1.5 times greater than the output voltage, and often much higher voltage ratings are needed to satisfy the low ESR requirements for low output ripple voltage. C. For a 5V output, a capacitor voltage rating at least 7.5V or more is needed. But even a low ESR, switching grade, 220µF 10V aluminum electrolytic capacitor would exhibit approximately 225 mW of ESR (see the curve in Figure 14 for the ESR vs voltage rating). This amount of ESR would result in relatively high output ripple voltage. To reduce the ripple to 1% of the output voltage, or less, a capacitor with a higher value or with a higher voltage rating (lower ESR) should be selected. A 16V or 25V capacitor will reduce the ripple volt-age by approximately half. 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) 3. Catch Diode Selection (D1) A. The catch diode current rating must be at least 1.3 times greater than the maximum load current. Also, if the power supply design must withstand a continuous output short, the diode should have a current rating equal to the maximum current limit of the AP1501. The most stressful condition for this diode is an overload or shorted output condition. A. Refer to the table shown in Figure 11. In this example, a 5A, 20V, 1N5823 Schottky diode will provide the best performance, and will not be overstressed even for a shorted output. B. The reverse voltage rating of the diode should be at least 1.25 times the maximum input voltage. C. This diode must be fast (short reverse recovery time) and must be located close to the AP1501 using short leads and short printed circuit traces. Because of their fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best performance and efficiency, and should be the first choice, especially in low output voltage applications. Ultra-fast recovery, or High-Efficiency rectifiers also provide good results. Ultra-fast recovery diodes typically have reverse recovery times of 50 ns or less. Rectifiers such as the 1N5400 series are much too slow and should not be used. UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司8

PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 1)V V(RR REF OUT 2. Inductor Selection (L1) 2. Inductor Selection (L1) A. Calculate the inductor Volt  microsecond constant E•T (V•µs), from the following formula: s)(V kHz150 1000 VVV VV)VV(VTE DSATIN DOUT SATOUTIN µ +•−−=• where V SAT = internal switch saturation voltage = 1.16V and V D = diode forward voltage drop = 0.5V A. Calculate the inductor Volt • microsecond constant (E•T), s)(V150 1000 5.016.128 5.020)16.12028(TE µ

  • •+− +•−−=• s)(V.s)(V.. .).(TE µµ 520846 B. Use the E•T value from the previous formula and match it with the E•T number on the vertical axis of the Inductor Value Selection Guide shown in Figure 7. E•T=34.2 (V•µs) C. on the horizontal axis, select the maximum load current. C. I LOAD (max) = 3A D. Identify the inductance region intersected by the E•T value and the Maximum Load Current value. Each region is identified by an inductance value and an inductor code (LXX). D. From the inductor value selection guide shown in Figure 7, the inductance region intersected by the 34 (V•µs) horizontal line and the 3A vertical line is 47 µH, and the inductor code is L39. E. Select an appropriate inductor from the four manufacturer’s part numbers listed in Figure 8. E. From the table in Figure 8, locate line L39, and select an inductor part number from the list of manufacturers part numbers. 3. Output Capacitor Selection (C OUT ) 3. Output Capacitor SeIection (C OUT A. In the majority of applications, low ESR electrolytic or solid tantalum capacitors between 82 µF and 820 µF provide the best results. This capacitor should be located close to the IC using short capacitor leads and short copper traces. Do not use capacitors larger than 820 µF. B. To simplify the capacitor selection procedure, refer to the quick design table shown in Figure 3. This table contains different output voltages, and lists various output capacitors that will provide the best design solutions. B. From the quick design table shown in Figure 3, locate the output voltage column. From that column, locate the output voltage closest to the output voltage in your application. In this example, select the 24V line. Under the output capacitor section, select a capacitor from the list of through hole electrolytic or surface mount tantalum types from four different capacitor manufacturers. It is recommended that both the manufacturers and the manufacturers series that are listed in the table be used. In this example, through hole aluminum electrolytic capacitors from several different manufacturers are available. 220 µF/35V Panasonic HFQ Series 150 µF/35V Nichicon PL Series C. The capacitor voltage rating should be at least 1.5 times greater than the output voltage, and often much higher voltage ratings are needed to satisfy the low ESR requirements needed for low output ripple voltage. C. For a 20V output, a capacitor rating of at least 30V or more is needed. In this example, either a 35V or 50V capacitor would work. A 35V rating was chosen, although a 50V rating could also be used if a lower output ripple voltage is needed. Other manufacturers or other types of capacitors may also be used, provided the capacitor specifications (especially the 100 kHz ESR) closely match the types listed in the table. Refer to the capacitor manufacturers data sheet for this information. 4. Feedforward Capacitor (C FF ) (See Figure 1) 4. Feedforward Capacitor (C FF For output voltages greater than approximately 10V, an additional capacitor is required. The compensation capacitor is typically between 100 pF and 33 nF, and is wired in parallel with the output voltage setting resistor, R2. It provides additional stability for high output voltages, low input-output voltages, and/or very low ESR output capacitors, such as solid tantalum capacitors. FF R1031 1C ×× This capacitor type can be ceramic, plastic, silver mica, etc. (Because of the unstable characteristics of ceramic capacitors made with Z5U material, they are not recommended.) The table shown in Figure 3 contains feed forward capacitor values for various output voltages. In this example, a 560 pF capacitor is needed. UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501 www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司www.umw-ic.com 友台半导体有限公司10

PACKAGES DIMENSION : TO263-5L www.umw-ic.com 13 友台半导体有限公司 UMW AP1501 UMW R UMW AP1501