AL6562 DIODES | Alldatasheet
Document overview
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Technical content
Features
Single Stage Fly-Back PFC Controller Transition Mode Operation Low Start-Up, Operating and Quiescent Currents Internal Start-Up Timer Enable/Disable Function on INV Input Totem Pole, Push-Pull Output Drive Adjustable Output Overvoltage Protection SO-8 : Available in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br, Sb) Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2) Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Applications
Electronic Single-Stage LED Driver PFC Pre-Regulators to meet IEC61000-3-2 High-End AC-DC Adaptor / Charger Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC ( RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant. 2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Hal ogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and Lead-free. 3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. Typical Applications Circuit Figure 1 High Power Factor Non-Isolated Constant-Current LED Driver
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 2 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Pin Descriptions Pin Number Pin Name Brief Description
1 INV
Inverting Input Pin of the Internal Error Amplifier This pin is connected externally via a resistor divider from the regulated output voltage. It can provide input to inverting input of internal error amplifier. This pin can also be used as ENABLE/DISABLE control input.
2 COMP
Output from Error Amplifier A feedback compensation network consisting of resistor and capacitor connects between INV ( Pin1) and this pin to reduce the bandwidth and achieve stability of the voltage control loop and ensure high power factor and low THD.
3 MULT
Input to the Internal Multiplier This pin connects to the rectified mains voltage through external resistor divider to provide a sinusoidal voltage reference for the control current loop. 4 CS Current Sense Connecting to External Resistor for Current Feedback The current flowing in the MOSFET is sensed through a resistor, the resulting voltage is applied to this pin and compared with an internal sinusoidal-shaped reference generated by the multiplier to determine MOSFET’s turn-off. This pin has an internal Leading-Edge-Blanking of about 200 nanoseconds to improve noise immunity.
5 ZCD
This pin takes input from inductor’s demagnetization sensing to achieve zero current detection, required for Transition Mode (TM) operation. A negative-going edge triggers turn-on of MOSFET.
6 GND System Ground
Ground for circuit. Current return for both the signal circuitry and the gate drive stage. 7 GD Gate Driver Output This pin is able to drive external MOSFET. The totem-pole output stage is able to drive MOSFET with a peak current of 600mA/800mA for source and sink capability respectively. The high level voltage of this pin is internally clamped at about 12V to avoid excessive gate voltage in case V CC pin is supplied by a higher voltage.
8 VCC
This pin is for supply voltage of both the signal part and gate driver of the IC. Upper limit is extended to a maximum of 22V to provide more headroom for supply voltage changes. This pin has an internal 25V Zener to protect the IC itself from overvoltage transients. Functional Block Diagram GD GNDZCD INV VCC Multiplier Overvoltage DetectionVoltage Regulation Starter Driver R S QInternal Supply 7.5V 2.1V 1.6V Vref COMP MULT CS Zero Current Detector 5 6 432 VCC UVLO 40K 10 pF 24V INV_Disable INV_Disable 0.47V/0.3V ZCD_Disable Upper & Lower Clamp 1.7V
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 3 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) Symbol Description Value Unit VCC IC Supply Voltage Self Limited V Icc Operating Supply Current 30 mA VINV,VCOMP,VMULT Input/Output of Error Amplifier, Input of Multiplier -0.3 to 7 V IZCD (Note 5) Zero Current Detector Max. Current Source: -50 Sink: 10 mA mA ESD(HBM) ESD (Human Body Model) 3000 V ESD(MM) ESD (Machine Model) 200 V TJ Junction Temperature Range -40 to +150 °C TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C PTOT Power Dissipation 0.65 W RθJA Thermal Resistance (Junction – Ambient) 150 °C/W TLEAD Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) +260 °C Notes: 4. Stresses greater than the 'Absolute Maximum Ratings' specified above, may cause permanent damage to the device. These are str ess ratings only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions exceeding those indicated in this specification is not implied. Devi ce reliability may be affected by exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time. 5. Currents flowing into device pins are considered as positive and out of device pins are considered as negative .
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 4 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT
Electrical Characteristics
(Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified VCC = 12.0V, TJ = -25°C to +125°C, CO = 1nF) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ. Max Units SUPPLY VOLTAGE VCC IC Supply Voltage After turn-on 10.3 22 V VCC ON Turn-On Threshold 11.0 12.0 13.0 V VCC OFF Turn-Off Threshold 8.7 9.5 10.3 V VCC-HYS Hysteresis 2.2 2.5 2.8 V VZ Zener Voltage ICC = 20 mA 22 24 V SUPPLY CURRENT Istart-up Start-Up Current Before turn-on, VCC=11V 40 70 µA IQ Quiescent Current After turn-on 2.5 3.75 mA ICC Operating Supply Current @ 70kHz In OVP condition, VINV = 2.7V 3.5 1.4 2.2 mA mA IQ Quiescent Current VZCD≤150mV, VCC>VCC-OFF VZCD≤150mV, VCC<VCC-OFF 2.2 mA mA ERROR AMPLIFIER Line Regulation VCC = 10.3V to 22V (Note 6) 2 5 mV IINV Input Bias Current VINV = 0 to 3V -0.1 -1 µA GV Voltage Gain OPEN LOOP 60 80 dB GB Gain-Bandwidth 1 MHz ICOMP Source Current VCOMP = 4V, VINV = 2.4V -2 -4.0 -8 mA Sink Current VCOMP = 4V, VINV = 2.6V 2.5 4.5 mA VCOMP Upper Clamp Voltage ISOURCE = 0.5 mA 5.8 V Lower Clamp Voltage ISINK = 0.5 mA (Note 6) 2.1 2.25 2.4 V VINVdis Disable Threshold 250 300 350 mV VINVen Restart Threshold 400 470 540 mV MULTIPLIER INPUT VMULT Linear Operation Range 0 - 3 0 – 3.5 V VCS VMULT Output Maximum Slope VMULT = 0 to 0.5V, VCOMP = upper clamp 1.65 1.9 V/V K Gain (Note 7) VMULT = 1V,VCOMP = 4V 0.6 0.75 0.9 1/V ZERO CURRENT DETECTOR VZCDH Upper Clamp Voltage IZCD = 3mA 4.7 5.2 6.1 V VZCDL Lower Clamp Voltage IZCD = -3mA 0.3 0.65 1.0 V VZCDA Arming Voltage Positive-going edge 2.1 V VZCDT Triggering Voltage Negative-going edge 1.6 V IZCDb Input Bias Current VZCD =1 to 4.5V 2 µA IZCDsrc Source Current Capability -2.5 -10 mA IZCDsnk Sink Current Capability 3.0 mA VZCDdis Disable Threshold 150 200 250 mV VZCDen Restart Threshold 330 400 470 mV IZCDres Restart Current after Disable VZCD<VDIS, VCC>VCC-OFF -80 -120 µA STARTER tSTART Start Timer Period 75 130 300 µs Notes: 6. All parameters are in tracking. 7. The multiplier output is given by: current sense comparator O/P, .
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 5 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE IOVP Dynamic OVP Triggering Current 35 40 45 µA VOVP_TH Static OVP Threshold 2.1 2.25 2.4 V CURRENT SENSE COMPARATOR ICS Input Bias Current VCS = 0 -1 µA td(H-L) Delay to Output 200 350 ns VCS-clamp Current Sense Clamp VCOMP = upper clamp 1.6 1.7 1.8 V VCS-offset Current Sense Offset VMULT = 0 30 mV VMULT = 2.5V 5 GATE DRIVER VOL Output Low Dropout Voltage IGDsink = 200 mA 0.9 1.9 V VOH Output High Dropout Voltage IGDsource = 200 mA IGDsource = 20 mA 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.8 V V tf Voltage Fall Time 30 70 ns tr Voltage Rise Time 60 110 ns VOclamp Output Clamp Voltage ISOURCE = 5 mA, VCC =20 V 9 11 13 V Vos UVLO Saturation VCC =0 V to VCCon, ISINK = 10 mA 1.1 V
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 6 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Performance Characteristics Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage Start-up & UVLO Vs. TJ Icc Consumption vs.TJ Vcc Zener Voltage Vs. TJ Feedback Reference Voltage vs. TJ OVP Current vs. TJ 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 CO=1nF f=70kHz TJ=25 o C Supply Current (mA) Supply Voltage (V) -50 0 50 100 150 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 Voltage (V) VCC-ON Junction Temperature ( o VCC-OFF -50 0 50 100 150 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 VCC=12V CO=1nF f=70kHz Quiescent Disabled or during OVP Junction Temperature ( o ICC (mA) Before start-up -50 0 50 100 150 VCC-CLAMP (V) Junction Temperature ( o -50 0 50 100 150 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 Junction Temperature ( O VREF (V) VCC=12V -50 0 50 100 150 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.5 41.0 41.5 42.0 42.5 43.0 Junction Temperature ( o IOVP (A) VCC=12V
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 7 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Performance Characteristics (cont.) Delay-to-output vs.TJ E/A Output Clamp Levels Vs. TJ VCS-CLAMP vs.TJ Multiplied Gain Vs. TJ ZCD Source Capability vs.TJ ZCD Clamp Levels Vs. TJ -50 0 50 100 150 100 200 300 400 500 Junction Temperature ( o td(H-L) (ns) VCC=12V -50 0 50 100 150 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 VCC=12V Junction Temperature ( o VCOMP (V) Lower Clamp Upper Clamp -50 0 50 100 150 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Junction Temperature ( o VCS-CLAMP (V) VCC=12V VCOMP=Upper Clamp -50 0 50 100 150 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Junction Temperature ( o Multiplier Gain VCC=12V VCOMP=4V VMULT=1V -50 0 50 100 150-8 Junction Temperature ( o IZCD (mA) VCC=12V VZCD=Lower Clamp -50 0 50 100 150 Lower Clamp Junction Temperature ( o VZCD (V) VCC=12V IZCD= + 2.5mA Upper Clamp
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 8 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Performance Characteristics (cont.) Start-up Timer vs.TJ Multiplier Characteristics Gate-driver Output Low Saturation Gate-driver Output High Saturation Gate-driver Clamp vs. TJ UVLO Saturation vs. TJ -50 0 50 100 150120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Junction Temperature ( o tSTART (S) VCC=12V 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 VCOMP=MAXVCOMP=5.0 VCOMP=4.5 VCOMP=4.0 VCOMP=3.5 VCOMP=3.2 VCOMP=3.0 VCOMP=2.8 VMULT (V) VCS (V) VCOMP=2.6 0 200 400 600 800 1000 VGD (V) IGD (mA) TJ=25 o C VCC=11V SINK 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 VGD (V) VCC-4.0 VCC-3.5 VCC-3.0 VCC-2.5 IGD (mA) TJ=25 o C VCC=11V SOURCE VCC-2.0 -50 0 50 100 150 Junction Temperature ( o VGD_CLAMP (V) VCC=20V -50 0 50 100 150 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Junction Temperature ( o VGD_OFF (V) VCC=0V
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 10 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Application Information (cont.) , the distortion can further be defined by: Where and are the RMS (Root Mean S quare) value n -th fundamental component of the current respectively. If the current and voltage are in phase, then θ= 0, which will lead to θ and the PF will be simplified as: ZCD (Zero Current Detection) The ZCD feature detects when the transformer primary current falls to zero, as the voltage across the inductor reverses, to initiate a new cycle that switches on the power MOSFET. The signal for ZCD is obtained by an auxiliary winding on the boost inductor, as shown in Figure 2. Multiplier The internal multiplier takes two inputs, one from a portion of the instantaneous rectified line voltage (via pin 3, MULT) an d the other from the output of the E/A (via pin 2, COMP), to feed the PWM comparator to determine the exact instant when the MOSFET is to be switched off. The output of multiplier is a rectified sinusoid, similar to the instantaneous rectified line voltage, multiplied by the scaling factor determined by output of the Error Amplifier. The MULT output is then fed into the PWM comparator and is compared to the current sense voltage VCS, to switch the Power MOSFET off. The formula governing all parameters is given by: Multiplier Output: Where: k is the multiplier gain. VMULT is set by external resistors R1 and R2. OVP (Output Overvoltage Protection) The output voltage can be kept constant by the operation of the PFC circuit close to its nominal value , as shown by Figure 2, which is set by the ratio of the two external resistors R3 and R4. Neglecting ripple current, current flowing through R3, I R3, will equal the current through R4, IR4. As the non-inverting input of the error amplifier is biased inside the AL6562 at 2.5V, the current through R4 is: (1) If any abrupt change of output voltage, ΔVO > 0 occurs due to a load drop, the voltage at pin INV will be kept at 2.5V by the local feedback of the EA. The network connected between INV and COMP introduces a time constant to achieve high PF. The current through R4 will remain equal to 2.5/R4, but IR3 will become: (2) The difference current will flow through the compensation network and enter the error amplifier output via pin COMP. The AL6562 monitors the current flowing into the error amplifier output pin. When the detected current is higher than 40 µA, the dynamic OVP is triggered. The IC will be disabled and the driver signal will be stopped. The output ΔVo that is able to trigger the Dynamic OVP function is then: (3)
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 11 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Application Information (cont.) On the other hand, when the loading of PFC pre -regulator becomes low, the output voltage tends to stay steadily above the nominal value, which is not the case when OVP is triggered by abrupt voltage increase. If this occurs, the E/A will saturate low, the external power transistor is switched OFF, and the IC is put in idle state (static OVP). Normal operation is resumed as the error amplifier goes back into its linear region. As a result, the device will work in burst -mode, with a repeti tion rate that can be very low. When either OVP is activ ated, the quiescent consumption of the IC is reduced to minimum by the discharge of the capacitor and increases the hold-up capability of the IC supply. THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) The AL6562 reduces the THD by reducing conduction dead-angle occurring to the AC input current near the zero-crossings of the line voltage. The important reason for this distortion to take place is the inability of the system to transfer energy effectively when the instantaneous line voltage is very low, which is the case near line-voltage zero-crossing. This effect is magnified by the high-frequency filter capacitor placed after the bridge rectifier, which retains some residual voltage that causes the diodes of the bridge rectifier to be reverse-biased and the input current flow to temporarily stop. To overcome this issue, the circuit section designed in the AL6562 forces the PFC regulator to process more energy near the line voltage zero-crossings, as compared to that commanded by the control loop. This results in both minimizing the time interval when energy transfer is lacking, and fully discharging the high-frequency filter capacitor after the bridge. In essence, the circuit artificially increases the ON -Time of the Power Switch with a positive offset added to the output of the multiplier in the proximity of the line voltage zero-crossings. This offset is reduced as the instantaneous line voltage increases, so that it becomes negligible as the line voltage moves towards the peak of the sinusoidal waveform. Therefore, to maximize the benefit from the THD improvement circuit, the high-frequency filter capacitor after the bridge rectifier should be minimized and kept to satisfy the EMI filtering requirements. Non-Latched IC Disable (Enable) Pin 1, INV, inverting input to the error amplifier, can be adapted to disable the system when the voltage on this pin is below 0.2V. In order to restart the system, a voltage exceeding 0.45V must be applied. The ON/OFF control signal can be driven by a PWM controller and using an NPN transistor to pin 1 to shut it down.
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 12 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Application Information (Cont.) Single Stage LED Driver with PFC One of the major applications of AL6562 is to provide a single stage power module with high PF for LED lighting. The following circuit, Figure 4, shows a simplified fly-back AC-DC converter with both CC and CV feedback from output side, to prevent over load and also provide an over - voltage protection facility. CY1 AC input ZCD COMP INV GDCS MULT Vcc GND AL6562 (5) (2) (1) (7) (4)(6) (3) (8) Snuber Opto- Coupler CY2 Secondary side loop control R10 ILED D1 C4R3 C3 C2 R11 R12 Vo Figure 4 Single Stage PFC Isolated LED lighting With its high performance, the AL6562 offers the following advantages that make this solution an appropriate method against t he traditional PWM controller, where a good PF value is required: The input capacitance can be reduced to replace a bulky and expensive high-voltage electrolytic capacitor (as required by regular offline SMPS) by a small-size, cheaper film capacitor. Transition mode ensures low turn-on losses in MOSFET and higher efficiency can be achieved. Lower parts count means lower material cost, as well as lower assembly cost for limited space.
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 13 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Application Information (Cont.) PFC Pre-Regulator Another major application of AL6562 is to implement a wide -range mains input PFC pre -regulator, which acts as the input stage f or the cascaded DC-DC converter and can deliver above 350W in general. There are two methods, in general, to design a pre-regulator stage: 1. With fixed frequency or 2. With fixed ON time The AL6562 can easily be implemented with fixed ON time due to its simplicity, while the fixed frequency technique is more complicated. In fixed ON time mode, AL6562 is also working in transition mode where the inductor current will be turned on when zero crossing is detected. By using boost-switching technique, the AL6562 shapes the input current by drawing a quasi-sinusoidal current in-phase with the line voltage. A simplified circuit, shown in Figure 5, explains the operation as follows: Figure 5 ZCD Pin Synchronization without Auxiliary Winding The AC mains voltage is rectified by a diode bridge and delivered to the boost converter which boosts the rectified input voltage to a hig her regulated DC bus VO. The error amplifier compares a portion of the output voltage with an internal reference and generates a signal error proportional to the difference between them. The bandwidth of the internal error amplifier is set to be narrow within 20Hz; the output would be a DC value over a given half-cycle. Output of E/A fed into multiplier, multiplied by a portion of the rectified mains voltage, will generate a scaled rectified sinusoid whose peak amplitude depends on the rectified mains peak voltage as well as the value of error signal. The output of the multiplier is fed into the non -inverting pin of the internal PWM comparator. As the output from the multiplier, a sinusoidal reference for PWM, equals the voltage on the current sense pin CS(4), the MOSFET will be turned off. As a consequ ence, the peak inductor current will follow the envelope of a rectified sinus oid. After the MOSFET is turned off, the boost inductor discharges its stored energy to the load until zero current is detected and then the MOSFET will be turned on again. In the case where there is no auxiliary winding on the boost inductor, a solution can be implemented by s connecting the ZCD pin to the drain of the power MOSFET through an R -C network: in this way the high -frequency edges experienced by the drain will be transferred to the ZCD pin, hence arming and triggering the ZCD comparator. The resistance value must be properly chosen to limit the current sourced/sunk by the ZCD pin. In typical applications with ou tput voltages around 400V, recom mended values for these components a re 22pF (or 33pF) for C ZCD and 330K for R ZCD. With these values proper operation is ensured even with a few volts difference between the regulated output voltage and the peak input voltage.
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 14 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT
Ordering Information
AL6562 XX–13 S : SO8 Package Packing 13 :13" Tape & Reel Part Number Package Package code 13” Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix AL6562S-13 SO-8 S 2,500/Tape & Reel -13 Marking Information (1) SO-8
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 15 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT Package Outline Dimensions (All Dimensions in mm.) Please see AP02002 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02002.pdf for the latest version. Suggested Pad Layout Please see AP02001 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf for the latest version. SO-8 Dim Min Max A - 1.75 A1 0.10 0.20 A2 1.30 1.50 A3 0.15 0.25 b 0.3 0.5 D 4.85 4.95 E 5.90 6.10 E1 3.85 3.95 e 1.27 Typ h - 0.35 L 0.62 0.82 0 8 All Dimensions in mm Dimensions Value (in mm) X 0.60 Y 1.55 C1 5.4 C2 1.27 Gauge Plane Seating Plane Detail ‘A’ Detail ‘A’ EE1 h L D e b A 45° 7°~9° 0.254 X Y
Document Number: DS37542 Rev. 2 - 2 16 of 16 www.diodes.com February 2015 © Diodes Incorporated AL6562 NEW PRODUCT IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of t his document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated website, harmless against all damages. Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthor ized sales channel. Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application , Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arisin g out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks. This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems witho ut the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems- related information or support that may be provided by Di odes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems. Copyright © 2015, Diodes Incorporated www.diodes.com