AGPSF.36C.07.0100C TAOGLAS | Alldatasheet

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SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 1 of 23 Specification Part No. : AGPSF.36C.07.0100C Product Name : Taoglas Sure Technology Embedded Active GPS L1/L2 Stacked Patch Antenna with 100mm 1.37 coax cable and IPEX MHFHT Features : GPS L1 & L2 Band Operation Low Noise Figure Excellent Out-Of-Band Rejection Low Axial Ratio

2 Stage LNA and SAW filter

Cable: 100mm 1.37 Coaxial Cable Connector: IPEX MHFHT Dims: 35*35*11.1mm RoHS Compliant

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 2 of 23 Introduction The Taoglas AGPSF.36C, with Taoglas Sure Technology, is an active, embedded stacked patch, GPS antenna supporting both L1 and L2 bands. It is a high performance, economical solution for the highest accuracy centimeter-level tracking applications. Typical applications include: - UAVs and Robotics - Transportation - Autonomous Vehicles - Marine - Agriculture - Navigation - RTK This compact antenna exhibits excellent radiation patterns on both L1 and L2 bands and with a low noise figure to preserve signal quality helps minimize time to first fix. It also features excellent out-of-band rejection to prevent out -of-band signals from overdriving or damaging its LNAs. The AGPSF.36C features very tight Phase Centre Offset (PSO) at just ±2cm at the L1 Band and ±5cm at the L2. The precision of antenna phase center directly affects the accuracy of GNSS positioning systems and can ensure that the accuracy of the receiver really is cm level. See section 3.1.2 for more information and results. This antenna has been tuned and tested on a 70 X 70 mm ground plane, working at GPS L1, 1575.42 MHz and L2, 1227.6MHz, with a 2 stage LNA ensuring good signal strength. It can operate with an input voltage ranging from 1.8 to 5 volts. Cables and connectors are customizable. Patch antennas ca n also be tuned to customer-specific device environments, subject to NRE and MOQ. Contact your regional Taoglas sales office to request these services or additional support to integrate and test this antenna’s performance in your device.

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 3 of 23 Specification GPS L1 & L2 Antenna * GPS L1 GPS L2 Center Frequency 1575.42MHz 1226.7MHz Return loss (dB) <-10 <-10 Efficiency (%) 68.74 64.16 Peak Gain (dBi) 3.57 2.73 Axial Ratio at Zenith <1.5dB <5dB Impedance 50 Ω Polarization RHCP *Tested on 70x70 cm ground plane LNA and Filter Electrical Properties Center Frequency GPS L1 :1575.42±1.023 MHz GPS L2:1226.7±1.023MHz Pout 1dB gain Compression point +2dBm Typ (1575.42MHz) -2dBm Typ(1226.7MHz) Output Impedance 50 Ohm Return loss (dB) <-10 dB LNA Gain, Power Consumption and Noise Figure 1.8V (MIN) 3V (TYP) 5.5V (MAX) LNA Gain L1 20dB 21dB. 20dB 21dB 20dB 21dB Noise Figure L1 2.6dB 3.0dB 2.6dB 3.0dB 2.6dB 3.0dB Current Consumption 16mA 16mA 16mA Outer Band Attenuation 100MHz~1180Mhz 40dB 1280MHz~1520MHz 3 0dB 1620MHz~6000MHz 45dB GNSS Systems Covered GPS L1C/A GLONASS L1OF BeiDou B1I E6/B3 GLONASS L2OF GPS L2C B2I/E5b GPS L5 B2a/E5a x x x x x x

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 4 of 23 Mechanical Dimensions 35x35x11mm Cable Coaxial Cable Ø1.37 ± 0.1mm, length 100mm Connector IPEX MHFI (U.FL) Weight 32g Environmental Operation Temperature -40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature -40°C to 85°C Humidity Non-condensing 40°C 95% RH

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 5 of 23 Antenna Characteristics

3.1.1 Block Diagram (Active Antenna)

3.1.2 Phase Centre Offset

The antenna reference point (ARP) is defined as the intersection of antenna’s vertical axis of symmetry with the bottom of the antenna. The antenna reference point is typically the point on the center-line of the antenna at the mounting surface. Above the antenna reference point is the mechanical antenna phase center, this is the physical point on the surface of the antenna elemen t where the antenna phase is located. The actual antenna phase center are points in space, typically above the mechanical antenna phase center. The precision of antenna phase center directly affects accuracy of GNSS positioning systems. Single-band and dual-band RTK GNSS receiver systems depend on Phase Centre Offset (PCO) correction input at the receiver to improve accuracy of the receiver to cm level. Thus PCO data is required for GPS post processing at the receiver

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 6 of 23 in real time or at a later stage usin g post processing software once data has been transferred to a PC. By using the carrier phase data of L1 and L2 signals, cm level precision is possible with PCO correction. Single -band and dual -band RTK systems depend on PCO correction input at the receiver to improve accuracy of the receiver to cm level. AGPSF.36C.07.0100C L1 Phase Centre Offset Measurements

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 7 of 23 AGPSF.36C.07.0100C L2 Phase Centre Offset Measurement In addition to phase center location, the residual error is the mean of the difference between actual observed phase center and the predicted values. The smaller the residual error (typically less than 2 degrees) the better accuracy of the antenna due to good phase stability.

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 8 of 23 AGPSF.36C.07.0100C L1 Residual Error AGPSF.36C.07.0100A L2 Residual Error

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3.1.3 Return Loss (Passive antenna)

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3.1.6 Efficiency (Passive Antenna)

3.1.7 Average Gain (Passive Antenna)

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3.1.8 Peak Gain (Passive Antenna)

3.2 Antenna Radiation Pattern Measurement

(Passive Antenna)

3.2.1 Test Setup

X Z Y

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 12 of 23 3.2.2 2D Radiation Pattern XY plane XZ plane YZ plane

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 13 of 23 3.2.3 3D Radiation Pattern L1 1575.42MHz L2 1227.6MHz

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3.2.4 Axial Ratio Pattern (Zenith is at 0°)

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 15 of 23 XZ plane L1 1575MHz L2 1227MHz

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3.3 LNA Gain and Noise Figure (Active antenna)

3.3.1 LNA Gain

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3.3.2 S12 Wide Band Plot

L1 1575MHz @3V L2 1227MHz @3V

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3.3.3 Noise Figure

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 19 of 23 Mechanical Drawing (Unit: mm)

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 20 of 23 Packaging

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 22 of 23 The key features are:

  • DC blocks need to be included between the diplexer matching networks and the other subsystems. This helps protect the diplexer and prevent any unintended interactions between the matching network and D C voltages. A typical DC block for GNSS systems is a 22 pF C0G ceramic capacitor.
  • A separate Bias -T is required on the antenna side of the diplexer. Many receivers include these Bias-T networks internally, but these will be blocked by the diplexer (and DC blocks). A typical RF choke component for GNSS systems is a 39nH wire-wound inductor, though this should be reviewed during design time. Figure 3 - Schematic Finally, make sure to following the matching network and layout recommendations for the diplexer in their respective datasheets.

SPE-18-8-105 /C/PF Page 23 of 23 Taoglas makes no warranties based on the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. Taoglas reserves all rights to this document and the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express permission is strictly prohibited. Copyright © Taoglas Ltd.