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MAX4376 MAXIM | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

Features

o Low-Cost, Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current- Sense Amplifiers o ±0.5% Typical Full-Scale Accuracy o +3V to +28V Supply Operation o Adjustable Current-Sense Capability with External Sense Resistor o Buffered Output Voltage with 2mA Drive o 1mA (typ) Supply Current o 2.0MHz Bandwidth (Gain = +20V/V) o Automotive Temperature Range (-40°C to +125°C) o Full 0 to 28V Common-Mode Range, Independent of Supply Voltage o Three Gain Versions Available +20V/V (MAX437_T) +50V/V (MAX437_F) +100V/V (MAX437_H) o Available in Space-Saving 5-Pin SOT23 (Single), 8-Pin µMAX (Dual), and 14-Pin TSSOP (Quad) Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet.

Ordering Information

(+V/V) TEMP RANGE PIN- PACKAGE TOP MARK MAX4376 T AUK-T 20 -40 °C to +125°C 5 SOT23-5 ADOG MAX4376FAUK-T 50 -40 °C to +125°C 5 SOT23-5 ADOH MAX4376HAUK-T 100 -40 °C to +125°C 5 SOT23-5 ADOI MAX4376TASA 20 -40 °C to +125°C8 S O — MAX4376FASA 50 -40 °C to +125°C8 S O — MAX4376HASA 100 -40 °C to +125°C8 S O — For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VRS+ = 0 to 28V, V SENSE = (VRS+ - VRS- ) = 0V, V CC = +3.0V to +28V, R L = ∞, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C.) (Note 1) Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Continuous Power Dissipation (T A = +70°C) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Operating Voltage Range V CC Guaranteed by PSR test 3 28 V Common-Mode Input Range V CM Guaranteed by total OUT voltage error test 0 28 V Common-Mode Rejection CMR 2V ≤ VRS+ ≤ 28V, VSENSE = 100mV 90 dB Supply Current per Amplifier I CC VSENSE = 5mV, VRS+ > 2.0V, VCC = 12V 1 2.2 mA Leakage Current I RS+, IRS- VCC = 0V, VRS+ = 28V 8 µA VRS+ > 2.0V 0 60IRS+ VRS+ ≤ 2.0V -400 60 VRS+ > 2.0V 0 120Input Bias Current IRS- VRS+ ≤ 2.0V -800 120 µA Full-Scale Sense Voltage V SENSE 150 mV VSENSE = 100mV, VCC = 12V, VRS+ = 12V ±6.75 VSENSE = 100mV, VSENSE = 100mV, VCC = 28V, VRS+ = 28V ±11 VSENSE = 100mV, VCC = 28V, VRS+ = 28V, TA = +25°C ±0.5 ±5 VSENSE = 100mV, VCC = 12V, VRS+ = 0.1V ±9 ±32 Total OUT Voltage Error (Note 2) I OUT ≤ 2mA VSENSE = 6.25mV, VCC = 12V, VRS+ = 12V (Note 3) OUT High Voltage (Note 4) ( VC C - V OUT)V CC = 3V, IOUT = 2mA 0.9 1.2 V OUT Low Voltage V OL IOUT = 200µA, VCC = VRS+ = 12V, VSENSE = 0V, TA = +25°C 25 40 mV

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VRS+ = 0 to 28V, V SENSE = (VRS+ - VRS- ) = 0V, V CC = +3.0V to +28V, R L = ∞, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C.) (Note 1) Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: Total OUT Voltage Error is the sum of gain and offset errors. Note 3: 6.25mV = 1/16 of 100mV full-scale sense voltage. Note 4: VSENSE such that VOUT is in saturation. PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VSENSE = 100mV (gain = +20V/V) 2 VSENSE = 100mV (gain = +50V/V) 1.7 VSENSE = 100mV (gain = +100V/V) 1.2 Bandwidth BW VCC = 12V VRS+ = 12V CLOAD = 15pF V S E NS E = 6.25m V (N ote 3) 0.5 MHz Slew Rate SR V SENSE = 20mV to 100mV, CLOAD = 15pF 10 V/µs MAX437_T +20 MAX437_F +50Gain A V MAX437_H +100 V/V TA = TM IN to TM AX ±5.5V S E NS E = 10m V to 150mV , V C C = 12V , IOU T = 2m A, g ain = 20 and 50 TA = +25°C ±0.5 ±2.5 TA = TM IN to TM AX 5.5 Gain Accuracy ∆AV V S E NS E = 10m V to 150mV , VCC = 20V, IOUT = 2mA, g ain = 100 TA = +25°C ±0.5 ±2.5 VSENSE = 6.25mV to 100mV 400 OUT Setting Time to 1% of Final Value VCC = 12V, VRS+ = 12V, CLOAD = 15pF VSENSE = 100mV to 6.25mV 800 ns Maximum Capacitive Load C LOAD No sustained oscillation 1000 pF Output Resistance R OUT VSENSE = 100mV 5 Ω Power-Supply Rejection PSR V RS+ > 2V, VOUT = 1.6V, VCC = 3V to 28V 66 90 dB Power-Up Time to 1% of Final Value VSENSE = 100mV, CLOAD = 15pF 2 µs Saturation Recovery Time to 1% of Final Value VCC = 12V, VRS+ = 12V, CLOAD = 15pF, VSENSE = 100mV 1µ s Reverse Recovery Time to 1% of Final Value VCC = 12V, VRS_ = 12V, CLOAD = 15pF, VSENSE = -100mV to +100mV 1µ s

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 01 0 5 1 52 02 53 0 SUPPLY CURRENT (PER AMPLIFIER) vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX4376/7/8 toc01 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX4376H MAX4376FMAX4376F MAX4376T 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 -50 0 25-25 50 75 100 125 SUPPLY CURRENT (PER AMPLIFIER) vs. TEMPERATURE MAX4376/7/8 toc02 TEMPERATURE (°C) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) MAX4376T MAX4376F MAX4376H -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VSENSE = 100mV) MAX4376/7/8 toc03 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) MAX4376H MAX4376T MAX4376F TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VSENSE = 6.25mV) MAX4376/7/8 toc04 TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) 01 0 5 1 52 02 53 0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MAX4376H MAX4376F MAX4376T -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 01 0 5 1 52 02 53 0 TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE MAX4376/7/8 toc05 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) MAX4376T MAX4376F MAX4376H -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 -0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 GAIN ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE MAX4376/7/8 toc06 TEMPERATURE (°C) GAIN ACCURACY (%) MAX4376H MAX4376F MAX4376T -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = VRS+ = 12V, VSENSE = 100mV, TA = +25°C.) -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 -50 0 25-25 50 75 100 125 150TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE MAX4376/7/8 toc07 TEMPERATURE (°C) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) MAX4376H MAX4376T MAX4376F

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = VRS+ = 12V, VSENSE = 100mV, TA = +25°C.) 2µs/div MAX4376F SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 95mV TO 100mV) IN 5mV/div OUT 100mV/div 95mV 100mV 4.75V MAX4376 toc10 CL = 15pF RL = 2.5kΩ 2µs/div MAX4376H SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 95mV to 100mV) IN 5mV/div OUT 200mV/div 95mV 100mV 10V 9.5V MAX4376 toc11 CL = 15pF RL = 5kΩ 2µs/div MAX4376T LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 6mV to 100mV) IN 45mV/div OUT 500mV/div 6mV 100mV 0.120V MAX4376 toc12 CL = 15pF RL = 1kΩ TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR vs. FULL-SCALE SENSE VOLTAGE MAX4376/7/8 toc08 VSENSE (mV) TOTAL OUTPUT ERROR (%) 0 50 100 150 200 MAX4376F MAX4376H MAX4376T 2µs/div MAX4376T SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 95mV TO 100mV) IN 5mV/div OUT 50mV/div 95mV 100mV 2.0V 1.9V MAX4376 toc09 CL = 15pF RL =1kΩ 2µs/div MAX4376F LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 6mV to 100mV) IN 45mV/div OUT 2V/div 6mV 100mV 0.3V MAX4376 toc13 CL = 15pF RL = 2.5kΩ

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain 2µs/div MAX4376H LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE (VSENSE = 6mV to 100mV) IN 45mV/div OUT 3V/div 6mV 100mV 10V 0.6V MAX4376 toc14 CL = 15pF RL = 5kΩ SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX4376/7/8 toc15 FREQUENCY (Hz) GAIN (dB) MAX4376T MAX4376F MAX4376H TIME (500ns) OVERDRIVE RESPONSE AV = +20V/V IN 200mV/div OUT 2V/div 350mV 750mV VOH MAX4376/7/8 toc16 100 200 150 350 300 250 400 OUTPUT LOW vs. TEMPERATURE MAX4376/7/8 toc17 TEMPERATURE (°C) OUTPUT LOW (mV) -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 MAX4376H MAX4376F MAX4376T Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = VRS+ = 12V, VSENSE = 100mV, TA = +25°C.)

Single/Dual/Quad, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifiers with Internal Gain Detailed Description The MAX4376/MAX4377/MAX4378 high-side current- sense amplifiers feature a 0 to +28V input common-mode range that is independent of supply voltage. This feature allows the monitoring of current out of a battery in deep discharge and also enables high-side current sensing at voltages greater than the supply voltage (V CC). The MAX4376/MAX4377/MAX4378 operate as follows: current from the source flows through R SENSE to the load (Figure 1). Since the internal sense amplifier ’s inverting input has high impedance, negligible current flows through RG2 (neglecting the input bias current). Therefore, the sense amplifier ’s inverting-input voltage equals V SOURCE - (ILOAD)(RSENSE). The amplifier ’s open-loop gain forces its noninverting input to the same voltage as the inverting input. Therefore, the drop across RG1 equals (I LOAD ) (RSENSE ). Since I RG1 flows through RG1, I RG1 = (ILOAD)(RSENSE)/RG1. The internal current mirror multi- plies IRG1 by a current gain factor, β, to give IRGD = β x IRG1 . Solving I RGD = β x (I LOAD )(R SENSE )/RG1. Therefore: VOUT = β x (RGD/RG1)(RSENSE x ILOAD) x amp gain where amp gain is 2, 5, or 10. The part’s gain equals (β x RGD / RG1) x amp gain. Therefore: VOUT = (GAIN)(RSENSE)(ILOAD) where GAIN = 20 for MAX437_T. GAIN = 50 for MAX437_F. GAIN = 100 for MAX437_H. Set the full-scale output range by selecting R SENSE and the appropriate gain version of the MAX4376/ MAX4377/MAX4378. Applications Information Recommended Component Values The MAX4376/MAX4377/MAX4378 sense a wide variety of currents with different sense resistor values. Table 1 lists common resistor values for typical operation of the MAX4376/MAX4377/MAX4378. Choosing RSENSE To measure lower currents more accurately, use a high value for R SENSE. The high value develops a higher sense voltage that reduces offset voltage errors of the internal op amp. In applications monitoring very high currents, R SENSE must be able to dissipate the I2R losses. If the resistor’s rated power dissipation is exceeded, its value may drift or it may fail altogether, causing a differential voltage across the terminals in excess of the absolute maxi- mum ratings. If I SENSE has a large high-frequency component, mini- mize the inductance of R SENSE. Wire-wound resistors have the highest inductance, metal-film resistors are somewhat better, and low-inductance metal-film resis- tors are best suited for these applications. Bidirectional Current-Sense Amplifier Systems such as laptop computers and other devices that have internal charge circuitry require a precise bidirectional current-sense amplifier to monitor accu- rately the battery’s current regardless of polarity. Figure 2 shows the MAX4377 used as a bidirectional current Pin Description PIN MAX4376 MAX4376 MAX4377 MAX4378 SOT23-5 SO-8 µMAX-8/ SO-8 SO-14/ TSSOP-14 NAME FUNCTION 1 4 1, 7 1, 7, 8, 14 OUT, OUT_ Output Voltage. VOUT_ is proportional to the magnitude of the sense voltage (VRS+ - VRS-). VOUT_ is approximately zero when VRS - > VRS - + (no phase reversal). 2 3 4 11 GND Ground

3184 V CC Supply Voltage

4 8 3, 5 3, 5, 10, 12 RS+, RS_+ Power connection to the external sense resistor 5 6 2, 6 2, 6, 9, 13 RS-, RS_- Load-side connection to the external sense resistor — 2, 5, 7 —— N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected.

battery packs or fuel gauges. with a switching regulator to make a current source.

0 TO +28V

Figure 1. Functional Diagram Figure 2. Bidirectional Current Monitor Table 1. Recommended Component Values

implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. © 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

7 OUT3

0 TO +18V VSENSE

Figure 3. Current Source