A121

Acconeer AB

Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) v0.3 /

Manufacturer: Acconeer AB

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A121 ACCOONEER | Alldatasheet

Document overview

Manufacturer or author: Mikael Rosenhed
PDF pages: 24

Technical content

A121 – Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3

Features

Fully integrated sensor - 60 GHz Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) - Integrated Baseband, RF front-end and Antenna in Package (AiP) - 5.5 x 5.2 x 0.88 mm fcCSP, 0.5 mm pitch
Accurate distance ranging and movements - Measures absolute range up to 2 m (1) o Absolute accuracy in mm - Relative accuracy in µm - Possible to recognize movement and gestures for several objects - Support continuous and single sweep mode - HPBW typical of 65 (H-plane) and 53 degrees (E-plane)
Easy integration - One chip solution with integrated Baseband and RF - Can be integrated behind plastic or glass without any need for a physical aperture - Single reflowable component - 1.8 V single power supply, enable with Power on Reset (PoR) - 1.8 V or 3.3 V IO interface power supply - Clock input for crystal 24 MHz. - SPI interface for data transfer, up to 50 MHz SPI clock support - INTERRUPT support A121 Overview The A121 is a radar system based on pulsed coherent radar (PCR) technology and is setting a new benchmark for power consumption and distance accuracy – fully integrated in a small package of 29 mm2. The A121 60 GHz radar system is optimized for high precision and ultra-low power, delivered as a one package solution with integrated Baseband, RF front-end and Antenna in Package (AiP). This will enable easy integration into any portable battery driven device. The A121 is based on leading-edge patented sensor technology with pico-second time resolution, capable of measuring absolute distance with mm accuracy up to a range of 2 m (1) and with configurable update rate. The A121 60 GHz radar remains uncompromised by any natural source of interference, such as noise, dust, color and direct or indirect light.

Applications

High precision distance measurements with mm accuracy and high update rate
Ultra-low power consumption
Proximity detection with high accuracy and the possibility to define multiple proximity zones
Motion detection, Speed detection
Enables material detection
High precision object tracking, enabling gesture control
High precision tracking of 3D objects
Monitor vital life signs such as breathing and pulse rate (1) 2m ranging is guaranteed for an object size, shape and dielectric properties corresponding to a spherical corner reflector of 5 cm radius.

1 Revision History

v0.1 Preliminary revision. v0.2 Table 4.6 updated.

2 Description

The A121 is an optimized low-power, high-precision, 60 GHz radar sensor with integrated Baseband, an RF front-end and an Antenna in Package (AIP). The sensor is based on pulsed coherent radar (PCR) technology, featuring a leading-edge patented solution with picosecond time resolution. The A121 is the perfect choice for implementing high- accuracy, high-resolution sensing systems with low-power consumption.

Ordering information

Part number Package Size (nom) Primary component container A121-001-T&R fcCSP50 5.2 x 5.5 x 0.88 mm Tape & reel A121-001-TY fcCSP50 5.2 x 5.5 x 0.88 mm 13” Tray Acconeer A121 marking

2.1 Functional Block Diagram

SPI (4) INTERRUPT XIN XOUT CTRL (optional) 1.8V Single power supply. 1.8V or 3.3V IO power supply. ENABLE Digital Power Timing mmWave Radio Tx ant. Rx ant. Figure 2.1 The A121 functional block diagram. The A121 silicon is divided into four functional blocks: Power, Digital, Timing and mmWave radio. The Power functional block includes LDOs and a Power on Reset (PoR) block. Each LDO creates its own voltage domain. The PoR block generates a Reset signal on each power-up cycle. To operate the A121, an external host CPU such as a microcontroller (MCU) is required. This MCU will from now on be referred to as the "host". The host interfaces the Power functional block of the sensor via 1.8 V Single power supply, 1.8 V or 3.3 V IO power supply and ENABLE. The Digital functional block includes sensor control. The data memory stores the radar sweep data. The host interfaces the Sensor via an SPI interface, a Clock (XIN, XOUT), INTERRUPT signal and optional CTRL signal. The SPI, INTERRUPT, CTRL and ENABLE interfaces support 1.8 V or 3.3 V power supply. The Timing block includes the timing circuitry. The PLL digital clock output is used to drive digital logic and is generated by a crystal oscillator that requires an external crystal resonator (XIN/XOUT). Supported frequency of the external crystal resonator is 24 MHz. The mmWave radio functional block generates and receives radar pulses and includes transmitter (TX), receiver (RX) and interfaces toward the integrated antennas. The A121 operates in the 57-64 GHz band.

3 Pin Configuration and Functions

The below figure shows the A121 pin configuration, top view: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A CTRL B GPIO3 C VRX VTX GND D VRX VTX Supply E I/O F GPIO1 ENABLE CLK G H GPIO2 XOUT J RESET_N SPI_SS VDIG XIN K SPI_CLK SPI_MISO GPIO4 SPI_MOSI INTERRUPT VIO Figure 3.1. Pin configuration of the A121 sensor, top view. Table 3.1 shows A121 pin functions. Pin Pin name Pin type Description Comment A3-A8, B2, B9, C1, C10, D2, D9, E1, E2, E9, E10, F2, F9, G1, G10, H2, H9, J3, J5, J6, J8, K4, K7 GND Ground Must be connected to solid ground plane A2, B1 Reserved Not connected or ground. Ground recommended for optimized ground plane. A9 CTRL I/O For future use. Connect to ground B10 GPIO3 I/O For future use. Connect to ground C2, D1 VRX Supply voltage Supply voltage, RF part

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer 2022-09-22 Page 8 of 24 Pin Pin name Pin type Description Comment C9, D10 VTX Supply voltage Supply voltage, RF part F1 GPIO1 I/O For future use. Connect to ground F10 ENABLE I/O To control OFF/ON/Hibernate/Reset Recommended to be connected to host MCU available GPIO. ENABLE is active high H1 GPIO2 I/O For future use. Connect to ground H10 XOUT CLK XTAL output J1 RESET_N I/O RESET_N must be connected to VIO J2 SPI_SS I/O SPI slave select, active low select. J9 VDIG Supply voltage Supply voltage, digital part J10 XIN CLK XTAL input K2 SPI_CLK I/O SPI Serial Clock K3 SPI_MISO I/O Master Input – Slave Output K5 GPIO4 I/O For future use. Connect to ground K6 SPI_MOSI I/O Master Output – Slave Input K8 INTERRUPT I/O Interrupt signal, that is used as an interrupt in the host, more details are found in section 7, Description. mandatory K9 VIO Supply voltage Supply voltage, digital part Table 3.1. A121 sensor pin list.

4 Specifications

4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

The below table shows the A121 absolute maximum ratings over operating temperature range, on package, unless otherwise noted: Parameter Description Min. Max. Unit VRX (1) 1.8 V RF power supply 0 2.0 V VTX (1) 1.8 V RF power supply 0 2.0 V VDIG 1.8 V digital power supply 0 2.0 V VIO I/O supply voltage -0.5 3.63 V TOP Operating temperature range -40 105 °C TSTG High temperature storage 150 °C Table 4.1. Absolute maximum ratings. (1) VRX and VTX must never exceed VDIG. Stresses beyond those listed in Table 4.1 may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these conditions or at any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods of time may affect device reliability.

4.2 Environmental Sensitivity

The below table shows the A121 environmental sensitivity: Parameter Standard Max. Unit Storage temperature JESD22-A103 (1) 150(1) ºC Reflow soldering temperature (1) J-STD-020 (1) 260 ºC Moisture Sensitivity Level JESD22-A113 (1) MSL3 ESD, Charge Device Model (CDM) JS-002, Class C2 500 V ESD, Human Body Model (HBM) JS-001, Class 1C 1000 V Latch-up JESD78, Class I tbd(2) Automotive qualification AEC-Q100, Grade 2 tbd(2) Table 4.2. Environmental sensitivity. (1) For reference only. The package is generically qualified by the manufacturer. Acconeer does not guarantee adherence to standard. (2) Qualification pending

4.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

The below table shows the A121 recommended operating conditions, on package: Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Operating power supply voltage, VRX 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Operating power supply voltage, VTX 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Operating power supply voltage, VDIG 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Operating power supply voltage, VIO (1.8V) 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Operating power supply voltage, VIO (3.3V) 2.97 3.3 3.45 V I/O operating range -0.3 VIO+0.3 V Operating temperature (Top) -40 105 ºC Table 4.3. Recommended operating conditions.

4.4 Electrical Specification

The below table shows the A121 electrical DC specification conditions, on package, Top = -40ºC to 105ºC: Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Current into any power supply 0 100 mA I/O VIL Low-level input voltage -0.3 0.10*VIO V I/O VIH High-level input voltage 0.90*VIO VIO+0.3 V I/O VOL Low-level output voltage 0 0.4 V I/O VOH High-level output voltage 1.6 VIO V I/O IOL (VOL = 0.4 V) 4.56 7.8 12.4 mA I/O IOH (VOH = VIO-0.4) 3.42 5.8 9.16 mA I/O IIL Low-level input current <1 µA I/O IIH High-level input current <1 µA Table 4.4. Electrical DC conditions.

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 Page 11 of 24 2022-09-22 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer The below table shows the A121 electrical AC specification conditions, on package, at Top = -40ºC to 105ºC: Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit I/O output operating frequency(1) 0 100 MHz I/O minimum positive and negative pulse 6.25 ns Table 4.5. Electrical AC conditions. (1) Load capacitance 2 pF.

4.5 Power Consumption Summary

4.6 RF Specification

The below table shows the A121 RF specification at Top = -40ºC to 105ºC: Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Operating frequency range 57 64 GHz EIRP 10 dBm TX HPBW, E-plane (1) 42 53 64 degrees TX HPBW, H-plane (1) 52 65 78 degrees Table 4.6. A121 RF specification. (1) Preliminary figures

5 Timing Requirements

5.1 Serial Peripheral Interface

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a 4-wire serial bus, used for configuration and reading output from the A121 radar sensor. The A121 radar sensor is an SPI slave device connected to the SPI master, as described in Figure 5.1. The A121 allows several devices to be connected on the same SPI bus, with a dedicated slave-select signal. Daisy-chain is not supported. Host (SPI Master) A121 (SPI Slave) A121 (SPI Slave) SPI_CLK SPI_MOSI SPI_SS1 SPI_SS2 SPI_MISO Figure 5.1. SPI master-slave connection. The serial data transfer input (MOSI) and output (MISO) to the A121 are synchronized by the SPI_CLK. The Slave Select signal (SS) must be low before and during transactions. The MOSI is always read on the rising edge of SCLK and the MISO changes value on the falling edge of SPI_CLK (SPI mode 0, CPOL/CPHA = 0). SS requires release in between transactions. See Figure 5.2 and Table 5.1 for timing characteristics. SPI_ClK MOSI MISO SS SS setup time MSB MOSI hold time MOSI setup time MISO propagation delay SS hold time LSB 15 14 Figure 5.2. Timing diagram of SPI, CPOL=0 and CPHA=0.

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 Page 13 of 24 2022-09-22 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Clock frequency (1) 50 MHz SS setup time 1.0 ns SS hold time 2.0 ns MOSI setup time 1.0 ns MOSI hold time 2.5 ns MISO propagation delay (2) 5.5 ns Table 5.1. SPI timing characteristics. (1) 10pF load on SPI_MISO

6 RF Characteristics

6.1 Radar Loop Gain Pattern

Characterization pending.

6.2 Relative Phase Accuracy

Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, VDD = 1.8 V. Statistical result based on sweep count 100, 20 tested devices. Standard deviation of phase estimation, measured at a distance of 0.35 m. Object metal cylinder, 40 mm in diameter. Average STD of relative phase estimation: Characterization pending.

7 Hardware integration

The A121 sensor can be configured for a 3.3 V or 1.8 V host interface as shown in Figure 7.1 and Figure 7.2. A121 INTERRUPT SPI_SS SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_CLK ENABLE VRX VTX VDIG RESET_N XIN XOUT GNDs 1.8 V C6C5 Host (3.3 V) C4VIO 3.3 V Figure 7.1. Recommended integration of the A121 radar sensor for 3.3 V host interface. A121 INTERRUPT SPI_SS SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_CLK ENABLE VRX VTX VDIG RESET_N XIN XOUT GNDs 1.8 V C6C5 Host (1.8 V) VIO Figure 7.2 Recommended integration of the A121 radar sensor for 1.8 V host interface.

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer 2022-09-22 Page 16 of 24 Bill of Material (BoM) Table 7.1 shows BOM for integration of the A121 using a crystal as input clock source: Component Value Description C1, C2, C3, C4 1 µF Decoupling for VRX, VTX, VDIG and VIO. C4 is optional if tied to VDIG for 1.8 V supply. X1 24 MHz Crystal resonator C5, C6 See Ch. 7.1 XTAL frequency tuning capacitors Table 7.1. BOM list.

7.1 XTAL

The A121 sensor has a built-in crystal oscillator that requires an external crystal component (XTAL) that is shown in Figure 7.3. C5 C6 GND GNDGND XOUT XIN XTAL I/O GND I/O GND Figure 7.3. External XTAL schematics. To enable the internal XTAL oscillator to drive the external resonator, Equation 1 must be fulfilled. 𝑓 ∗ 𝐶𝑝𝑖𝑛 0.8 ∗ 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑅 0.61 < 0.7 (Equation 1) 𝐶 = 2(𝐶𝐿 − 𝐶𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦) (Equation 2) 𝐶𝑝𝑖𝑛 = 𝐶 + 𝐶𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑦 ∗ 2 (Equation 3) The capacitance values are calculated in Equation 2. CL and RESR are XTAL parameters and vary from XTAL to XTAL. The stray capacitance is the sum of the capacitance between XIN and XOUT, that is, the PCB trace capacitance plus package capacitance; 2 to 5 pF is a general estimation. Example:

f = 24 MHz
CL = 9 pF
RESR = 40 ohm Assuming Cstray = 5 pF gives C4, C5 = 8 pF and that the condition is met with the result 0.3 < 0.7.

7.2 Sensor startup

The power-up and power-down sequences are shown in Figure 7.4. Figure 7.4. Power-up and power-down sequences. The power supplies VRX, VTX, VDIG and VIO can be turned on and off in any order. ENABLE should be turned on after or simultaneously with VDIG and VIO, whichever is turned on last. The A121 should however not be considered as in state “ON” until all supply voltage levels are stable and ENABLE is high. The time constant t1 in Figure 7.4 denotes this time. The actual value of t1 depends on the power supply and the decoupling capacitors used. Any I/O must be held at 0 V during time t1. After power-up is complete, the sensor is ready for SPI communication and can be loaded with a program. Up until the point where the sensor’s program is started, the INTERRUPT is in a high impedance state. After the sensor’s program has started, the INTERRUPT is configured as a push-pull CMOS output. The power down sequence is initiated by setting ENABLE low. After that, all supplies can be turned off. Any I/O inputs on A121 must be set to 0 V before or simultaneously with VIO going low to avoid forward-biasing the internal ESD protection diodes.

7.3 Layout Recommendations

The sensor antennas are of a folded dipole type, with its main ground reference being the internal package ground plane, extending below the whole area of the sensor. To further enhance the directivity of the sensor, the package ground plane should be extended by soldering all GND pads to the PCB top layer ground. In terms of regulatory compliance, any openings in the ground plane inside the A121 footprint must be significantly smaller than the wavelength (5 mm in free space) to effectively shield off any disturbance. Figure 7.5 shows the simulated relative radar loop gain (RLG) as function of ground plane side length, assuming a square ground plane. As the ground plane size increases, the RLG increases because of increased antenna directivity. Constructive and destructive interference results in a non-monotonic increase in RLG. Time VRX VTX VDIG VIO ENABLE

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer 2022-09-22 Page 18 of 24 Figure 7.5. Simulated relative radar loop gain as function of ground plane side length (x). Ground plane is a solid square ground plane. More detailed PCB layout guidelines can be found in the “Hardware and physical integration guideline”. x x

8 Software

The Acconeer software has been written in C and is portable to any OS and HW platform. The Acconeer software is executed on Host MCU and delivered as binaries, except for integration software that is delivered as source code. The below figure shows the A121 software offer. Figure 8.1. Acconeer Software offer. The RSS (Radar System Software) provides output at two different levels, Service and Detector. RSS provides an API (Application Programming Interface) for Application utilization of various Services and Detectors. The SparseIQ service output is pre-processed sensor data as a function of IQ modulated data (representation in cartesian) etc. Detectors are built on SparseIQ Service data as input and the output is a result, e.g. Distance detector that presents distance and amplitude result based on envelope Service etc. Customer can either use Acconeer detector or develop their own signal processing based on SparseIQ Service data. Acconeer provides several example applications to support customer own application development. Also, customer guidelines are provided for application development utilizing the Acconeer RSS API. Acconeer provides several reference drivers as source code, e.g. Support for Cortex M4, Cortex M7 MCU’s.

8.1 Software Integration

Integration software shall implement functions defined in a definitions file provided in Acconeer Software offer. This includes handling of SPI, ENABLE, INTERRUPT and CTRL, as well as potential OS functions. See reference HAL - User Guide for guideline on software integration and HAL implementation (https://www.acconeer.com/products).

9 Mechanical Data

The A121 is available in fcCSP package for mounting on a substrate. The below table shows mechanical data: Parameter Min. Typ. Max Unit Body X 5.15 5.20 5.25 mm Body Y 5.45 5.50 5.55 mm Body Z (height) 0.821 0.899 mm Ball pitch 0.45 0.50 0.55 mm Ball diameter 0.25 0.30 0.35 mm Ball height 0.15 0.24 mm Ball count 50 # Table 9.1. Mechanical data. The A121 footprint is shown in Figure 9.1. Figure 9.1. A121 footprint.

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer 2022-09-22 Page 22 of 24 Figure 9.4. Physical layout of the A121 sensor, bottom view. The bottom view shows 50 solder balls. The pitch of the BGA balls is 500 µm, the ball diameter is 300 µm ±5 µm and the collapsed ball height is 0.244 ± 0.050 mm.

9.1 Moisture Sensitivity Level and Recommended Reflow Profile

Acconeer A121 sensor is a Moisture Sensitive Devices (MSD) in accordance to the IPC/JEDEC specification. The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) relates to the packaging and handling precautions required. A121 sensor is rated at MSL level 3. Maximum number of reflow passes recommended for A121 is 2. Soldering process qualified during qualification with “Preconditioning MSL 3: 30°C. 60%r.h., 192h, according to JEDEC JSTD20”, and qualified for soldering heat resistance according to JEDEC J-STD- 020.

9.2 RoHS and REACH Statement

Acconeer A121 sensor meet the requirements of Directive 2011/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and the requirements of the REACH regulation (EC 1907/2006) on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals.

10 Abbreviations

ADC Analog digital converter AiP Antenna in package BGA Ball grid array BOM Bill of materials CE "Conformité Européene" (which literally means "European Conformity") CPHA Clock phase CPOL Clock polarity EIRP Equivalent isotropically radiated power ESD Electrostatic discharge ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FCC Federal Communications Commission fcCSP Flip-chip chip-scale package GND Ground HAL Hardware abstraction layer HPBW Half power beamwidth LDO Low-dropout regulator MCU Microcontroller unit MISO Master input, slave output MOSI Master output, slave input NC No connect PCR Pulse coherent radar PLL Phase locked loop PoR Power on reset RCS Radar cross section RF Radio frequency RX Receiver SPI Serial peripheral interface SS Slave select STD Standard deviation TCXO Temperature compensated crystal oscillator TX Transceiver XTAL Crystal

A121 Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) Preliminary Datasheet v0.3 © 2022 Copyright by Acconeer 2022-09-22 Page 24 of 24 Disclaimer The information herein is believed to be correct as of the date issued. Acconeer AB (“Acconeer”) will not be responsible for damages of any nature resulting from the use or reliance upon the information contained herein. Acconeer makes no warranties, expressed or implied, of me rchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or course of performance or usage of trade. Therefore, it is the user’s responsibility to thoroughly test the product in their particular application to determine its performance, efficacy and safety. Users should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders. Unless Acconeer has explicitly designated an individual Acconeer product as meeting the requirement of a particular industry standard, Acconeer is not responsible for any failure to mee t such industry standard requirements. Unless explicitly stated herein this document Acconeer has not performed any regulatory conformity test. It is the user’s responsibility to assure that necessary regulatory conditions are met and approvals have been obtained when using the product. Regardless of whether the product has passed any conformity test, this document does not constitute any regulatory approval of the user’s product or application using Acconeer’s product. Nothing contained herein is to be considered as permission or a recommendation to infringe any patent or any other intellectual property right. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by Acconeer herein. Acconeer reserves the right to at any time correct, change, amend, enhance, modify, and improve this document and/or Acconeer products without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. © 2022 by Acconeer – All rights reserved Acconeer AB www.acconeer.com Västra Varvsgatan 19 info@acconeer.com 211 77 MALMÖ +46 10 218 92 00 Sweden

Product Information

A121 specifications and overview.

Summary

Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) v0.3 /

Description

Pulsed Coherent Radar (PCR) v0.3 /

Source title A121 Datasheet(PDF) - Acconeer AB

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