900CT

900CT FREQUENCYDEVICES | Alldatasheet

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Models 900CT & 900BT Tunable Active Single Channel – Certified Filter Instrument

Description

Frequency Devices’ Models 900CT & 900BT instruments are single channel; 8-pole low-pass or high-p ass, front panel t unable filt er instruments. The controls allow the user to select a corner frequency between 0.1 Hz and 49.9 kHz with a resolution of 1:4 99 for each of the four selectable ranges. The instrument exhibits an input impedance of 1 MΩ shunted by 47pF to a single ended sign al source. When configured in the differential mode, the instrum ent has a common mode reject ion ratio (CMRR), which exceeds 60d B; in this mode the instrument present s an input impedance of 2 MΩ’s shunted by 47pF to a double-ended single source. Front panel gain control also enables the operator to select a gain factor of 0, 10, or 20dB. Standard operational features include: 1) Adjustable Frequency Control 2) Differential Input Amplifiers 3) Adjustable Gain Control 4) Off-set Adjustment 5) Bypass Control 6) BNC Connectors for Signal I/O The optional battery powere d 900BT is particularly well suited to applicat ions requirin g isolation from an electrically noisy primary power source. Compact size and manual rotary switch fro nt panel contr ols make 900 instruments a popular, cost effective, easy-to -use solution for signal conditioning applications in the following areas:

1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176

e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Anti-aliasing Filters Biomedical/Biotechnolo gy Applications Data Recording/Playback Data Smoothing EKG/EEG Signal Filtering FDM/PCM Signal Filtering Medical Research Industrial Process Control Seismic Analysis Vibration Analysis Models 900CT Standard AC Powered 900BT AC Powered, with battery option Available Low-Pass Filters: Part# #Poles Filter Type Page 900L8B 8 Butterworth 6 900L8L 8 Bessel 6 900L8E 8, 6 zero Elliptic, 1.77 6 900L8EY 8, 6 zero Elliptic, 2.00 6 900L8D80 8, 6 zero Constant Delay 7 900L8D100 8, 6 zero Constant Delay 7 Available High-Pass Filters: Part# #Poles Filter Type Page 900H8B 8 Butterworth 8 900H8E 8, 6 zero Elliptic, 1.77 8 900H8EY 8, 6 zero Elliptic, 2.00 8 Block Diagram 2 Front & Rear panel descriptions 4 & 5 General Specifications: 9 Ordering Information 10

Models 900CT & 900BT Model 900 Series Single Channel – Certified Instrument Block Diagram 654 1 0 9 654 1 0 321 100101 0.1 MULTIPLIERCORNER FREQUENCY HZ FRONT PANEL CORNER FREQUENCY TUNING OFFSET OFFSET NULLED BYPASS 10dB 0dB 20dB INPUT B A GAIN (dB) OUTPUT AMP OUT A-B A DIFF AMP 8-POLE TUNABLE FILTER TYPICAL ADJUSTMENT FUNCTION TYPICAL FRONT PANEL BNC CONNECTOR BLOCK DIAGRAM e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com

Models 900CT & 900BT Model 900 Series Single Channel – Certified Initial Setup Procedure e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Initial Setup Select desired o perating voltage 115 V ac or 230 Vac. See note "Q" on Page 5. Set the POWER ON/ OFF S witch to ON . A continuously lit POWER lamp indicates proper internal DC voltages, an essential requirement fo r batter y-powered models. Allow the instrument a thre e-minute warm-up perio d to achieve thermal equilibrium. To perfo rm initial adjustment and/or operational testing, set the remaining front panel controls as follows: a) The thr ee base CORNER FREQUENCY sw itches and the MULTIPLIER t o the desired corner frequency… b) The OFFSET control to appro ximately mid-range… c) The GAIN switch to the desired value… d) The BYPASS switch to OUT… e) The INPUT switch to ground ( ). Connect a dc-coupled oscilloscope, of vertical sensiti vity 10mV/CM or better, or a digital voltmeter (DVM) to the instrument front panel BNC connector labeled OUT. Set the OFFSE T c ontrol for a z ero-volt reading on the scope or DVM. Subsequent c hanges of CORNER FREQUENCY a nd GAIN control settings will introduce a small dc outp ut offset, which should be zeroed for critical applications. Leaving all other controls unchanged, set the Input S witch to (A-B) a nd appl y a 5Vdc signal simultaneously to inp ut BNCs (A) and (B). The voltage measured at the OUT BNC should be 5 - 5 = 0 Vdc. This completes preliminary test and adjustment. Corner Frequency Selection To select a corner frequ ency, simply se t the CORNER FREQUENCY switches and the MULTIP LIER sw itch fo r th e desired numerical value. The CORNER FREQUEN CY sw itch weightings follow standa rd decimal positional conventions. The B, C and D sw itches combined can select base corner freq uency values ranging from 1 t o 499 Hz in 1 Hz steps with switch weightings as just described. The accurac y of the cor ner f requency is improved by selecting the largest possible base frequenc y and do wn scaling b y th e MULTIPLIER. The g reatest ac curacy is obtained with the largest base 400, and the 0.1X MULTIPLIER switch setting. Relative a ccuracy of sel ected 40 Hz actual c orner f requency for different multiplier switch settings. BASE FREQ X MULT Msd B C D Lsd E RELATIVE TUNING ACCURACY 4 0 0 0.1X GREATEST 0 4 0 1X LESS 0 0 4 10X LEAST The differential input The instrument input utilizes a differential input amplifier to reject prevalent forms of electrical interference, while pr esenting desirable input characteristics to th e signal source requiring filtering. Th e differential input confi guration is ideal for measuring the difference bet ween t wo values rather than the values themselves. Bridge circuits utilizing strai n gages, thermocouples and a variet y of other types of tra nsducers generate di fferential full-scale output voltages in the order of millivolts that ar e often super imposed upon volt-level refere nce an d noise values. AC POWER SUPPLY OR INTERNAL BATTERIES B FILTER/ BYPASS OUTPUT AMPLIFER GAIN = K OUT COUPLED POWER LINE NOISE VOLTAGE VB RSB SIGNAL COMMON VP VA VCM RSA INPUT SIGNAL AND NOISE VOLTAGE SOURCES A (+) (-) RCM+ + RD RCM- DIFF AMP 20dB 10dB Vo = K(VA - VB) + Vcm/CMRR : WHERE K = 1, 10 AND 10 FOR GAIN SETTINGS OF 0, 10 AND 20dB RESPECTIVELY. SEE TEXT FOR REMAINING TERMS. DENOTES FRONT PANEL ACCESS The importance of CMRR In actual sy stem environment s, each signal and po wer r eturn condu ctor can generate an interfer ence voltage proportional to the net c onductor resistance and t he electrical current level. Any such inter ference voltages a ppear as common mode signals to the amplifier, and are rejected as such. B (-) (+) +VsCOM-Vs DIFFERENTIAL INPUT AMPLIFIER SIGNAL COMMON Circuit model illustrating the relationship between a filter’s differential input and amplifier and external signal and error sources.

Models 900CT & 900BT Model 900 Series Single Channel – Certified Front Panel Description e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Location of Front Panel Terminals and Controls AB C D E FGHIJKLM A. P OWER Sta tus La mp: Th is red LED indicates w hether or not the p ower to the analog filter circuitr y of a Model 900CT/B T Series instrument is ON. Wit h the po wer switch in the ON position, the LED glow s continuously ind icating internal DC po wer levels are correct. If LED does not light w hen power s witch is in O N positio n, 1) r eset instrument by cy cling PO WER switch O FF and ON, 2) Check line fuse. For 90 0BT mod els only : If LED is flashing, recharge batteries, approximately 30 minutes of operation remains. B. CORNER FREQUENCY Selector Switch (0-400Hz): T his five posit ion r otary s witch selects the 100’s digit of the corner frequency designator. Th e sw itch selectable values are 0, 100, 2 00, 300 and 400 in five discrete steps. C. CORNER FREQUENCY Selector Switch (0-90): T his ten- position r otary s witch selects the 10’s digit of the desired corner frequency bet ween 0 and 9 0, i n discrete increments of 10. D. CORNER F REQUENCY Selector S witch (0-9): T his ten position rotary switch selects the 1’s digit of t he desired corn er fr equency between 0 and 9 in discrete increments of 1. E. MULTIPLIER Selector S witch: T his four- position rotary switch multiplies by a factor of either 0.1, 1.0, 10 or 100, the aggregate value set on the 3 CORNER FREQUENCY selector switches. (B, C & D) F. GAIN S witch: This thre e-position toggle switch selects an overall filter gain of 0, 10, or 20 dB. G. BYPASS S witch: OUT and I N setting of this two position toggle switch routes the input signal to the internal filter or around it, respectively. E. g. OUT p osition - no B ypass, the signal passes through the filt er. In either case, the gain switch remains operational. H. INPUT Switch: This thre e position toggle configures the instrument for either differential inputs (A-B), a single-ended input (A), or input nulling ( ) which grounds both the (A) and (B) input terminals. I. & J. (A) and (B) Input Terminals: This pair of shielded, fem ale BNC con nectors accept signal inputs (A) and (B). The instrument applies a non-in verting gain to i nput (A ) and an equal but op posite inverting gain to input (B) while the GAIN switch sets the magnitude of differential ga in to 0, 10, o r 2 0 dB. The BNC shields ha ve been internally conn ected to the instrument ground. K. GROUND ( ) Terminal: This “Banana” type test jack provides neat and secure access to the internal gro und. T his terminal is a convenie nt junction for grounding external s ystem and measurement instrumentation and/or apparatus. L. OUT T erminal: T his ter minal is a female BNC connector. The shield on the BNC is internally connected to the instrument ground. M. OFFSET Adjust: T his adjustment is intended to zero the offset that results from the instrument’s o wn circuitr y and does not provide for wide range offset to remove dc input signals.

Models 900CT & 900BT Model 900 Series Single Channel – Certified Rear Panel Description e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Location of Rear Panel Terminals, Controls and Labels WARNING: Do not remove covers, no user serviceable parts inside. Contact : Frequency Devices for service, tech@freqdev.com Feb. 03 SN: 00101 900CT-9L8B SELECT 115v 230v FUSE (250v 1.0A) (250v 0.5A) NOM. FREQ. 60 Hz 50 Hz MADE IN U.S.A. Model 900CT WARNING: Do not remove covers, no user serviceable parts inside. Contact : Frequency Devices for service, tech@freqdev.com Feb. 03 SN: 00102 900BT-9L8B SELECT 115v 230v FUSE (250v 1.0A) (250v 0.5A) NOM. FREQ. 60 Hz 50 Hz MADE IN U.S.A. N. IDENTIFI CATION L ABEL: T his label identifies the Model number, fil ter t ype, serial number, date of manufacture, operating po wer limits an d fuse requirements of the instrument. O. AC POWER CONNECTION: Denotes plug and fuse location. P. PO WER ON/OFF S witch: I s a two- position toggle sw itch on the ba ck panel that inter rupts/completes the pow er circuit. Q. VO LTAGE Selector Modul e: T he power m odule w indow sh ows t he operating voltage (115 Vac or 230 Vac). At time of shipment, the voltage window is set in the 115 V ac position. For 230 V ac operations, use a screwdriver blade to pry open the module door, remove the red fuse cartridge, t urn it 180 degr ees, re- insert and close the module do or. Th e numerals 230 V ac w ill now show in the module w indow. Repeat proc edure to change back to 115 Vac. Fu s e ho ld e r O p tio nal sw itch ON P Model 900BT Q

Models 900CT & 900BT

8 Pole

Single Channel – Certified Low Pass Filters e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 900L8B 900L8L 900L8E 900L8EY Filter Specifications Transfer Function 8-Pole Butterworth 8-Pole Bessel 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 9 Appendix A Page 4 Appendix A Page 24 Appendix A Page 25 Tuning Resolution 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade Passband Ripple 0.0 dB 0.0 dB ±0.035 dB -0.05 dB Pass Band Voltage Gain (non-inverting) 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. Stopband Attenuation 48 dB/Octave 48 dB/Octave -80 dB typ. -100 dB typ. Cutoff Frequency fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. Accuracy ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. Stability ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. Amplitude -3 dB -3 dB -0.035 dB -0.05 dB Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz <-90 dB typ. <-90 dB typ. <-90 dB typ. <-88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise (5 Hz – 2 MHz) 200µVrms typ. 200µVrms typ. 250µVrms typ. 250µVrms typ. Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz – 100 kHz) 50µVrms typ. 50µVrms typ. 75µVrms typ. 75µVrms typ.

Models 900CT & 900BT Single Channel – Certified Low Pass Filters e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 900L8D80 900L8D10 Filter Specifications Transfer Function 8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay Range fc 0.1 Hz to 49.9 kHz 0.1 Hz to 49.9 kHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 21 Appendix A Page 22 Tuning Resolution 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade Passband Ripple 0.15 dB 0.15 dB Pass Band Voltage Gain (non-inverting) 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. 0 ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 ± 0.2 dB max. Stopband Attenuation -80 dB typ. -100 dB typ. Cutoff Frequency fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. Accuracy ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. Stability ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. Amplitude -3 dB -3 dB Phase -306° -311° Filter Attenuation 3.01 dB 1.00 fc 3.01 dB 1.00 fc (theoretical) 60.0 dB 3.08 fc 80.0 dB 4.45 fc 80.0 dB 3.57 fc 100.0 dB 5.20 fc Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz <-90 dB typ. <-88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise (5 Hz – 2 MHz) 200µVrms typ. 200µVrms typ. Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz – 100 kHz) 50µVrms typ. 50µVrms typ.

Models 900CT & 900BT Single Channel – Certified High Pass Filters e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Model 900H8B 900H8E 900H8EY Filter Specifications Transfer Function 8-Pole Butterworth 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 29 Appendix A Page 37 Appendix A Page 38 Tuning Resolution 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade 1 part in 499 within each decade Passband Ripple 0.0 dB ±0.035 dB -0.05 dB Pass Band Voltage Gain (non-inverting) 0 ± 0.2 dB to.100kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120kHz. 0 ± 0.2 dB to.100kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120kHz. 0 ± 0.2 dB to.100kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120kHz. Powert Bandwidth 120 kHz 120 kHz 120 kHz Stopband Attenuation 48 dB/Octave -80 dB typ. -100 dB typ. Cutoff Frequency fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. fc ±2% max. Accuracy ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. ±0.5% typ. ±2% max. Stability ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. ±0.01%/°C typ. ±0.02%/°C max. Amplitude -3 dB -0.035 dB -0.5 dB 0.00 dB 2.00 fr 0.00 dB 2.00 fr Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz <-88 dB typ. <-88 dB typ. <-88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise (5 Hz – 2 MHz) 400µVrms typ. 400µVrms typ. 500µVrms typ. Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz – 100 kHz) 100µVrms typ. 100µVrms typ. 150µVrms typ.

Models 900CT & 900BT General Single Channel – Certified Specifications e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com Input Characteristics Input Impedance: Differential 2 M Ω Shunted by 47pF Single Ended 1 M Ω Shunted by 47pF Input Voltage: Linear Differential* 20V p-p (Gain Set at 0 dB) Max Safe Differential Any Continuous Value between ±100V Max Safe Common Mode Any Continuous Value between ±50V Bias Current 30 pA typ.; 175 pA max. Common Mode Rejection ratio with 2kΩ source unbalance and 0 dB Gain > 60dB, DC to 50kHz Output Characteristics Full Power Bandwidth** DC to 600kHz Related Output 10V p-p for R L = 50Ω 20V p-p for R L = 2kΩ Short Circuit Output Current ±100 mA continuous Output Protection ± 200 mA without damage ( Short Circuit to Ground Only) Output Impedance 50 Ω Offset Voltage Adjustable to Zero at Front Panel (Range ±500mV dc) Power Supply AC Line Power Operation 900CT 10 Watts max. 900BT 15 Watts max. Voltage Frequency Range-Rear Panel:

115 V 105 to 125Vac @ 50/60Hz

230 V 210 to 250Vac @ 50Hz

Fuse 115 V=0.2 Amp., 230 V = 2X-0.1 Amp. Battery Operation (900BT) Time for full Charge 10 – 12 hours Battery Life Approx. 500 Charge/Discharge Cycles Battery Charger Automatic Uninterruptible Charge Status Indicator (Front Panel) 3 Status Levels Battery Operation 6 Hours typ. Temperature Operating Temperature: 0 °C to +50 °C Storage Temperature: -25 °C to +70 °C Mechanical Dimensions 3.7"H x 8.66"W x 10.6"D 9.4cmH x 22.0cmW x 27.0cmD Weight 900CT 3.5 lbs; 0.157 kgs 900CT 4.9 lbs; 0.219 kgs Case Material ABS plastic Color Light Gray * Signal plus common mode voltage cannot exceed 20V peak to peak for a linear output. ** Output characteristics of input amplifier with filter in BYPASS mode.

Models 900CT & 900BT Single Channel – Certified Ordering Information e-mail: sales@freqdev.com • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com A. AVAIL ABLE MODELS 1. 900CT Standard AC powered model 1 2. 900BT AC powered with battery powered option 1 FILTER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE 2 B. LOW-PASS BUTTERWORTH 1. 900L8B 8-pol e BESSEL 2 900L8L 8-pol e ELLIPTIC 3. 900L8E 8-pol e, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77, 80 dB 4. 900L8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00, 100 dB CONSTANT DELAY 5. 900L8D80 8-pole, constant delay 80 dB 6. 900L8D10 8-pole, constant delay 100 dB C. HIGH PASS BUTTERWORTH 7. 900H8B 8-pole ELLIPTIC 8. 900H8E 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77, 80 dB 9. 900H8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00, 100 dB

ORDERING INFORMATION

Filter Type Trans fer Function 2 L – Low – Pass B – Butterworth H – High – Pass L – Bessel D80 – Constant Delay (-80dB) D10 – Constant Delay (-100dB) E - elliptic 1.77 (-80dB) Model 1 EY – elliptic 2.00 (-100dB) C – Standard AC Power B – AC Powered, with Battery Power Option Poles 900CT/900L8L NOTE: 1. See page 5, item “Q” Voltage selector Module. At time of shipment, Voltage is pre-selected in the 115 VAC position. For 230 VAC operation, this module must be rotated 180 degrees and an additional fuse must be added. 2. All filters tunable from 0.1 Hz to 49.9 kHz. We hope the information given here will be helpful. The information is based on data and our best knowledge, and we consider the information to be true and accurate. Please read all statements, recommendations or suggestions her ein i n conj unction w ith our c onditions o f sal e, w hich appl y, to al l g oods suppl ied by us. We a ssume no re sponsibility f or the u se of t hese st atements, recommendations or suggestions, nor do we intend them as a recommendation for any use, which would infringe any patent or copyright. IN -00900CT/BT-00

e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 0 1 2 3 4 5 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Delay (sec) Delay (Normalized) 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.0 0.5 1.0 1.50.15 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Amp (dB) Frequency Response 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay -79.2 -89.8 -99.0 -107 -114 -33.4 -38.3 -43.1 -51.8 -66.8 -12.1 -13.7 -18.1 -23.1 -28.3 -6.10 -7.08 -8.16 -9.36 -10.7 -2.71 -3.01 -3.67 -4.40 -5.20 -1.06 -1.45 -1.91 -2.16 -2.42 0.00 -0.029 -0.117 -0.264 -0.470 -0.737 -610 -626 -638 -647 -655 -489 -509 -526 -552 -587 -345 -362 -402 -436 -465 -255 -273 -291 -309 -327 -173 -182 -200 -219 -237 -109 -128 -146 -155 -164 0.00 -18.2 -36.4 -54.7 -72.9 -91.1 .052 .038 .029 .023 .018 .241 .201 .170 .126 .077 .482 .468 .417 .352 .291 .505 .504 .502 .498 .492 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506 .506

0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 Amp (dB) 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 0.0 1.0 2.0 Delay (sec) 1.50.15 0 1 2 3 4 5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Step Response (V/V) Frequency Response Delay (Normalized) Step Response (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay -125 -135 -144 -153 -160 -76.3 -81.9 -87.1 -96.3 -112 -44.6 -48.2 -56.3 -63.7 -70.3 -23.4 -28.2 -32.7 -36.9 -40.8 -1.58 -3.01 -7.48 -12.9 -18.2 -671 -678 -683 -687 -691 -621 -629 -635 -646 -661 -560 -568 -586 -600 -611 -494 -511 -526 -539 -550 -0.001 -0.014 -0.121 -0.311 -0.738 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -333 -360 -408 -445 -472 -185 -221 -261 -283 -307 0.00 -29.4 -59.0 -89.1 -120 -152 .023 .017 .013 .010 .008 .094 .080 .069 .052 .033 .253 .226 .174 .139 .113 .540 .448 .380 .328 .287 1.48 1.46 1.17 .873 .672 .956 1.04 1.19 1.29 1.40 .816 .819 .828 .843 .867 .903 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑

8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (80 dB) e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Amp (dB) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Delay (sec) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Frequency Response Delay (Normalized) Step Response 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.0 0.5 1.0 1.50.15 0 1 2 3 4 5 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.25 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 -86.6 -85.1 -84.1 -84.3 -84.9 -92.8 -104 -101 -93.3 -89.9 -98.3 -86.3 -84.1 -85.1 -87.9 -43.4 -50.3 -57.6 -62.5 -75.4 -11.3 -17.1 -23.2 -29.1 -36.3 -1.89 -2.41 -3.01 -4.50 -6.39 0.034 -0.157 -0.510 -1.07 -1.44 0.00 0.017 0.058 0.099 0.105 -300 -305 -312 -317 -321 -462 -466 -289 -293 -295 -616 -442 -448 -454 -458 -561 -576 -589 -599 -608 -417 -459 -492 -517 -542 -276 -291 -306 -336 -365 -153 -184 -215 -245 -261 0.00 -30.7 -61.3 -92.0 -123 .026 .022 .017 .013 .011 .044 .040 .036 .033 .030 .079 .069 .061 .054 .049 .189 .153 .127 .107 .092 .656 .512 .396 .312 .239 .849 .846 .841 .821 .783 .852 .852 .852 .851 .850 .852 .852 .852 .852 .852

8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (100 dB) e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Amp (dB) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Delay (sec) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response Delay (Normalized) Step Response 0 1 2 3 4 5 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 -0.2 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.0 0.5 1.0 1.50.15 .007 .005 .004 .003 .003 .025 .022 .017 .013 .011 .054 .043 .036 .030 .028 .186 .151 .125 .090 .068 .650 .504 .389 .306 .235 .861 .857 .851 .828 .785 .865 .865 .865 .864 .863 .865 .865 .865 .865 .865 0.00 -31.1 -62.3 -93.4 -125 -156 -187 -218 -249 -265 -280 -296 -311 -341 -370 -422 -464 -496 -520 -544 -563 -578 -591 -610 -624 -635 -643 -651 -476 -478 -481 -486 -312 -318 -322 -328 -333 -336 -339 -341 -105 -106 -107 -108 -109 -106 -110 -122 -109 -106 -81.3 -93.4 -142 -105 -105 -40.5 -46.1 -51.4 -61.5 -71.2 -11.2 -16.8 -22.5 -28.0 -34.5 -1.89 -2.41 -3.01 -4.50 -6.38 0.010 -0.182 -0.532 -1.09 -1.45 0.00 0.015 0.051 0.085 0.085 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.20 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.50 4.00 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.25 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 678 2 3 4 5 67 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20

8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A Low-Pass e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Amp (dB) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Delay (sec) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Frequency Response Delay (Normalized) Step Response 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.0 2.0 4.0 1.50.15 0.8 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.50 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.20 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 8.00 9.00 10.0 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 -86.2 -87.8 -89.3 -83.1 -82.1 -83.1 -84.6 -82.0 -83.5 -88.2 -99.9 -87.2 -83.6 -82.0 -83.7 -87.8 -85.8 -40.1 -51.5 -65.2 -75.0 -113.0 -0.035 -1.76 -8.28 -18.4 -29.3 -0.015 -0.041 -0.046 -0.016 -0.025 0.007 0.022 0.033 0.031 0.014 0.00 -0.004 -0.014 -0.024 -0.020 -160 -163 -164 -140 -148 -154 -157 -289 -295 -301 -305 -134 -440 -444 -447 -450 -280 -578 -594 -606 -611 -616 -323 -392 -467 -522 -558 -213 -232 -251 -272 -296 -133 -148 -163 -179 -196 0.00 -25.7 -51.6 -77.9 -105 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.030 0.018 0.013 0.009 0.099 0.081 0.067 0.057 0.040 0.217 0.198 0.182 0.168 0.126 0.517 0.381 0.296 0.265 0.239 1.65 2.14 1.86 1.19 0.753 0.989 1.04 1.12 1.23 1.40 0.811 0.840 0.872 0.908 0.946 0.713 0.716 0.724 0.740 0.767

8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 2.00 Low-Pass Frequency Response Appendix A e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Amp (dB) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Delay (sec) Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Delay (Normalized) Step Response 0.1 1.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 90.0 2.0 4.0 1.50.15 0.8 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 1 2 3 4 5 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.50 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.20 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 8.00 9.00 10.0 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 -107.3 -108.6 -110.0 -111.5 -105.4 -105.1 -106.0 -121.3 -106.5 -105.0 -106.4 -123.6 -81.93 -87.78 -95.04 -106.6 -106.0 -50.35 -58.90 -67.54 -72.04 -76.79 -0.046 -7.910 -21.06 -31.96 -41.51 -0.040 -0.014 -0.001 -0.031 -0.036 -0.001 0.000 -0.007 -0.027 -0.045 0.00 -0.001 -0.015 -0.040 -0.042 -165 -167 -168 -149 -156 -160 -163 -307 -311 -315 -318 -325 -647 -650 -652 -654 -481 -623 -632 -639 -642 -645 -419 -525 -573 -597 -612 -268 -291 -317 -346 -378 -166 -185 -204 -225 -245 0.00 -31.9 -64.2 -97.0 -131 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.070 0.058 0.049 0.042 0.030 0.138 0.128 0.119 0.111 0.087 0.271 0.216 0.177 0.162 0.149 2.681 2.127 0.856 0.509 0.357 1.269 1.377 1.513 1.677 1.960 1.020 1.057 1.099 1.140 1.193 0.885 0.891 0.903 0.922 0.958

0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 Amp (dB) Frequency Response (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -5.15 -3.01 -0.229 -0.020 -0.002 59.0 49.0 42.1 36.8 32.7 29.4 -35.5 -24.8 -15.6 -11.6 -8.06 -160 -112 -83.7 -63.7 -48.2 386 360 275 226 194 170 152 120 99.2 74.0 535 499 459 437 413 691 661 631 600 568 0.033 0.023 0.017 0.013 0.010 0.008 0.287 0.226 0.139 0.094 0.052 1.48 1.46 0.873 0.540 0.380 .956 1.04 1.19 1.29 1.40 0.819 0.828 0.843 0.867 0.903 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑

8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A High-Pass e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Amp (dB) Frequency Response 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 9.00 10.0 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.50 3.00 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 -2.21 -0.51 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -90.0 -60.2 -32.4 -13.1 -6.28 -89.3 -82.1 -90.6 -82.4 -87.8 28.6 25.7 64.7 51.6 42.9 36.8 32.1 150 141 133 105 86.9 221 201 185 172 160 401 358 324 277 225 437 603 563 498 451 164 148 131 292 450 0.009 0.007 0.046 0.029 0.020 0.015 0.011 0.260 0.229 0.203 0.123 0.083 0.596 0.486 0.409 0.347 0.299 2.66 2.15 1.64 1.04 0.757 0.761 0.890 1.37 2.35 2.77 0.440 0.459 0.495 0.559 0.671

8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 2.00 High-Pass Frequency Response Appendix A e-mail: sales@freqdev.com ∑ Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ∑ Amp (dB) Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 0.1 1.0 10.02 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 6 7 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is norm alized to a corner frequency of 1.0H z.The actual delay is the norm alized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz (sec) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1f/fc (Hz) Amp (dB) Phase (deg) Delay 9.00 10.0 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.50 3.00 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.10 1.20 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 -0.002 -0.001 -0.028 -0.015 -0.008 -0.005 -0.003 0.000 -0.003 -0.010 -0.042 -0.045 -0.032 -0.046 -0.034 -0.016 -0.004 -9.46 -2.16 -0.046 -0.038 -0.001 -78.6 -64.6 -44.1 -26.7 -18.2 -110 -105 -114 -110 -107 35.5 31.9 80.6 64.2 53.4 45.7 40.0 187 176 166 131 108 277 252 231 214 200 533 478 419 352 308 646 637 615 586 565 168 156 323 309 654 0.011 0.009 0.057 0.036 0.025 0.018 0.014 0.328 0.288 0.255 0.153 0.103 0.773 0.618 0.514 0.436 0.376 2.315 3.604 2.681 1.416 1.018 0.480 0.524 0.669 1.001 1.401 0.338 0.348 0.367 0.397 0.445