87050E

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50 Ohm Multiport Test Sets

This document describes the performance and fea- tures of Agilent Technologies 87050E 50 ohm multi- port test sets, both as standalone units and when combined with 50 ohm 8712ET, 8712ES, 8714ET, or 8714ES network analyzers. The following options are available:  Option 004 (4 ports)  Option 008 (8 ports)  Option 012 (12 ports) For more information about these test sets, please read the following documents:  Agilent 87050E, brochure, literature number, 5968-4763E  Agilent 87050E, configuration guide, literature number, 5968-4765E Agilent 87050E 3 MHz to 2.2 GHz

All specifications and characteristics apply over a 25 °C ± 5 °C range (unless otherwise stated) and 30 minutes after the instrument has been turned on. Definitions Specification: Warranted performance. Specifications include guardbands to account for the expected statistical distribution, measurement uncertainties, and changes in performance due to environmental con- ditions. Characteristic: A performance parameter that the product is expected to meet before it leaves the factory, but is not verified in the field and is not covered by the product warranty. A characteristic includes the same guardbands as a specification. Typical: Expected performance of an average unit. A typical does not include guardbands. It is not covered by the product warranty. Nominal: A general, descriptive term that does not imply a level of performance. It is not covered by the prod- uct warranty. Supplemental information: May include typical, nominal, or characteristic val- ues. Calibration: The process of measuring known standards from a calibration kit to characterize the systematic (repeatable) errors of a network analyzer. Corrected (residual) performance: Indicates performance after error correction (cali- bration). It is determined by the quality of calibra- tion standards and how well “known” they are, plus system repeatability, stability, and noise. Uncorrected (raw) performance: Indicates instrument performance without error correction. The uncorrected performance affects the stability of a calibration. System performance: Performance of a complete multiport test system, which includes an 87050E test set and an 8712ET/ ES or 8714ET/ES network analyzer. Test Set Cal: The calibration of a multiport test system, requir- ing the connection of known calibration standards to all of the ports that will be used for measure- ments. SelfCal: An automated system calibration that uses calibra- tion standards internal to the test set and the most recent Test Set Cal data to calibrate the test system. Environmental specifications: Environmental specifications bound the external conditions for which the specifications are valid. The environmental specifications also bound the external conditions the test set may be subject to without permanently affecting performance or causing physical damage. Introduction Table of contents System performance, two-port calibration System performance, T/R calibration System performance, uncorrected System performance, general T est set input/output performance T est set general information Physical dimensions Block diagrams System features

Agilent 85032B/E Type-N calibration kit Specification 1 (dB) Typical 2 (dB) Parameter 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 47 40 37 Source match 37 35 30 Load match 47 40 37 Reflection tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.2 Transmission tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.2 System performance Two-port calibration (user) Transmission uncertainty (typical)3 1. These specifications and supplementals apply under the following conditions: measurement uses the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, no averaging, and isolation cal “on”; T est Set Cals use the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, 16 averages, and assume an isolation calibration has been performed; the test set must b e used with an 8712ES or 8714ES network ana- lyzer with firmware revision E.06.00 or later; the test set and the analyzer must have had their performance verified within th e last year; both instruments must have warmed up for at least 30 minutes after turn-on; measurements are made at an environmental temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C and within ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. 2. Corrected system performance is changed to typical when the current temperature has drifted beyond ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. T ypicals are valid only when the cur- rent temperature is within 25 °C ± 5 °C, and within ± 1 °C of the most recent SelfCal. 3. These uncertainty curves only include the effects of the test port(s) within the measurement path. The effect of the uncorre cted match of test ports outside the measurement path is ignored, and is dependent on the isolation between the ports of the DUT that are within the measurement path and ports of the DUT that are outside the measurement path. Magnitude Magnitude Phase Phase

Two-port calibration (user) Specification 1 (dB) Typical 2 (dB) Parameter 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 40 38 35 Source match 38 35 30 Load match 40 38 35 Reflection tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.2 Transmission tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.2 Transmission uncertainty (typical)3 Magnitude Magnitude Phase Phase 1. These specifications and supplementals apply under the following conditions: measurement uses the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, no averaging, and isolation cal “on”; T est Set Cals use the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, 16 averages, and assume an isolation calibration has been performed; the test set must b e used with an 8712ES or 8714ES network analyzer with firmware revision E.06.00 or later; the test set and the analyzer must have had their performance verified within the last year; both instruments must have warmed up for at least 30 minutes after turn-on; measurements are made at an environmental temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C and wit hin ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. 2. Corrected system performance is changed to typical when the current temperature has drifted beyond ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. T ypicals are valid only when the cur- rent temperature is within 25 °C ± 5 °C, and within ± 1 °C of the most recent SelfCal. 3. These uncertainty curves only include the effects of the test port(s) within the measurement path. The effect of the uncorre cted match of test ports outside the measurement path is ignored, and is dependent on the isolation between the ports of the DUT that are within the measurement path and ports of the DUT that are outside the measurement path. Agilent 85033D 3.5mm calibration kit

Agilent 85032B/E Type-N calibration kit 1. These specifications and supplementals are valid for reflection (one-port) and transmission (enhanced-response) T est Set Cal s, and apply under the following conditions: mea- surement uses the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, no averaging, and isolation cal “on”; T est Set Cals use the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, 16 averages, and assume an isolation calibra- tion has been performed; the test set must be used with an 8712ET, 8712ES, 8714ET, or 8714ES network analyzer with firmware rev ision E.06.00 or later; the test set and the analyzer must have had their performance verified within the last year; both instruments must have warmed up for at least 30 mi nutes after turn-on; measurements are made at an environmental temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C and within ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. 2. Corrected system performance is changed to typical when the current temperature has drifted beyond ± 1 °C of the last valid T est Set Cal. T ypicals are valid only when the cur- rent temperature is within 25 °C ± 5 °C, and within ± 1 °C of the most recent SelfCal. System performance Transmission/reflection (T/R) calibration (user) Specification 1 ( dB) Typical 2 (dB) Parameter 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity 47 40 — — 40 Source match 37 32 — — 30 Load match (reflection calibration) 18 18 23 24 20 Load match (transmission calibration) 14 14 18 18 14 Reflection tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 — — ±0.2 Transmission tracking ±0.1 ±0.1 — — ±0.2

Transmission/reflection (T/R) calibration (user) 1. These uncertainty curves only include the effects of the test port(s) within the measurement path. The effect of the uncorre cted match of test ports outside the measurement path is ignored, and is dependent on the isolation between the ports of the DUT that are within the measurement path and ports of the DUT that are outside the measurement path. Magnitude, ET models with attenuator Magnitude, ET models without attenuator Phase, ES models Phase, ET models with attenuator Phase, ET models without attenuator Agilent 85032B/E Type-N calibration kit (continued) Transmission uncertainty, enhanced response calibration (typical)1 Magnitude, ES models

Agilent 85032B/E Type-N calibration kit 1. These uncertainty curves only include the effects of the test port(s) within the measurement path. The effect of the uncorre cted match of test ports outside the measurement path is ignored, and is dependent on the isolation between the ports of the DUT that are within the measurement path and ports of the DUT that are outside the measurement path. Magnitude, ES models Phase, ES models Magnitude, ET models with attenuator Phase, ET models with attenuator Magnitude, ET models without attenuator Phase, ET models without attenuator

Specification1 ( dB) Typical (dB) Parameter 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz Source match, ratioed 12 10 17 14 11 Load match, test port unselected2 18 18 23 24 20 Load match, test port selected3 12 12 16 17 13 Transmission tracking4 — — ±3 ±2.5 ±3 Reflection tracking4 — — ±3 ±2.5 ±3 Crosstalk5, 8712ET/8714ET — — 93 89 81 Crosstalk5, 8712ES/8714ES — — 83 79 71 System performance Uncorrected 1. These specifications and supplementals apply under the following conditions: measurement uses the “Fine” (15 Hz) bandwidth, with narrowband detection and no averaging; the test set must be used with an 8712ET, 8712ES, 8714ET, or 8714ES network analyzer with firmware revision E.06.00 or later; t he test set and the analyzer must have had their performance verified within the last year; both instruments must have warmed up for at least 30 minutes after turn-on. 2. This is the match of any test port that is unselected (not in the measurement path). If the network analyzer is performing a reflection measurement with one-port calibration, then only one port on the test set is selected (the source port). If the network analyzer is performing a transmission measurem ent or a reflection measurement with two-port calibration, then only two ports on the test set are selected (the source and load ports). 3. This is the match of the test set port that has been selected as the load port. The network analyzer must be making a transm ission measurement or a reflection measurement with two-port calibration for a test port to be selected as the load port. 4. The uncorrected tracking terms are defined as the deviation over the defined frequency band, ignoring offset loss. 5. Crosstalk is computed by normalizing the result of an isolation measurement to a through measurement between the two ports s uch that the path losses are taken into account. Isolation is defined as the transmission signal measured between any two ports of the test system when those two ports are terminated with shorts.

15 Hz 15 Hz 4000 Hz 6500 Hz

Network analyzer 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz to to to to to to to to System noise floor1 (dBm) 8712ET/8714ET –97 –95 –106 –103 –82 –79 –42 –39 8712ES/8714ES –88 –86 –100 –97 –75 –72 –42 –39 System dynamic range 2 (dB) 8712ET, no attenuator 101 97 112 108 87 83 49 45 8712ET, with attenuator 100 96 111 107 86 82 48 44 8712ES 89 85 103 99 78 74 45 41 8714ET, no attenuator 99 95 109 105 84 80 46 42 8714ET, with attenuator 97 93 108 104 83 79 45 41 8714ES 86 82 100 96 81 77 42 38 1. Noise floor is defined as the rms value of the trace (in linear format) for a transmission measurement in CW mode, using th e “Fine” bandwidth (15 Hz), the test ports terminated in loads, 0 dBm at the test set source port, and no averaging. This measurement ignores the effects of crosstalk. Th is is a system specification–the test set increases the network analyzer noise floor by adding loss to the network analyzer measurement. 2. The system dynamic range is calculated as the difference between the receiver minimum input (noise floor plus calibrated cro sstalk) and the system’s maximum output power. System dynamic range applies to transmission measurements only, since reflection measurements are limited by directivity . System performance General

Specification Supplemental information System bandwidth Network analyzer Fine Fine Med Wide Wide Receiver dynamic range 1 (dB) 8712ET/8714ET 115 121 96 58 8712ES/8714ES 106 115 90 57 System performance General (continued) 1. The receiver dynamic range is calculated as the difference between the receiver minimum input (noise floor) and the receiver maximum input. Receiver dynamic range applies to transmission measurements only, since reflection measurements are limited by directivity. 2. The reference power for dynamic accuracy is –20 dBm. Magnitude, ES models Magnitude, ET models Phase, ES models Phase, ET models

Network analyzer Specification Characteristic (dBm) Output power (system maximum) <1 GHz >1 GHz 8712ET, no attenuator — 10.5 7 8712ET, with attenuator — 9.5 6 8712ES — 7.5 4 8714ET, no attenuator — 5.5 2 8714ET, with attenuator — 4.5 1 8714ES — 3.5 –1 Parameter Specification Supplemental information Port switching time 1 (sec) Reflection calibration — 0.7 Transmission enhanced calibration — 0.7 T wo-port calibration — 0.7 SelfCal time 2 (sec) Reflection calibration — 1 (typical) Transmission enhanced calibration — 3 (typical) T wo-port calibration — 8 (typical) 1. This is the time required to switch to any new port configuration, and requires that the T est Set Cal has been performed for 201 points, the new measurement configuration is 201 points, and no new SelfCal occurs during switching. 2. This is the time required to perform the SelfCal for any single port configuration, assuming that the T est Set Cal was perfo rmed for 201 points, the new measurement configu- ration is 201 points, and the measurement bandwidth is “Med Wide” (4000 Hz). SelfCal times for other settings can be found in T able 4-1 of the Agilent 87050E/87075C Users and Service Guide (87050-90026).

Test set input/output performance Parameter Specification Supplemental Frequency range 3 MHz to 2.2 GHz — RF input power Maximum input power — 16 dBm (nominal) at 0.1 dB compression1 Input damage power — 20 dBm (characteristic) Parameter Specification (dB) Typical (dB) 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 3 MHz 1.3 GHz 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 2.2 GHz to 3 GHz Source match, test port2 14 11 18 15 12 Load match, test port unselected3 18 18 23 24 20 Load match, test port selected4 14 14 18 18 14 Interconnect match, reflection port5 12 10 17 15 10 Interconnect match, transmission port5 11 8 14 13 11 Insertion loss, reflection port to port-n6 7.5 9.5 6 8 12 Insertion loss, transmission port to port-n6 7.5 9.5 6 8 12 Tracking, reflection port to port-n6 — — 1.5 1.2 1.5 Tracking, transmission port to port-n6 — — 1.5 1.2 1.5 Crosstalk, uncalibrated, adjacent ports7 90 90 100 95 85 Crosstalk, uncalibrated, non-adjacent ports7 90 90 105 100 90 1. Compression is defined for the test set, independent of the network analyzer. 2. This is the match of the test set port that has been selected as the source port. The test set interconnect reflection port must be terminated with a load standard from an Agilent 85032B/E calibration kit. 3. This is the match of any test port that is unselected (not in the measurement path). Only the source port of the test set is selected when you make a reflection measurement with one-port calibration. Only the source and load ports of the test set are selected when you make a transmission measurement , or a reflection measurement with two-port calibration. 4. This is the match of the test set port that has been selected as the load port. A transmission or two-port measurement is re quired for a test port to be selected as the load port. The test set interconnect transmission port must be terminated with a load standard from an 85032B/E calibration kit. 5. This is the match of the test set interconnect ports (transmission and reflection ports) with the test set in transmission, or two-port mode. The selected test set test ports must be terminated with load standards from 85032B/E calibration kits. 6. The reflection and transmission ports of the test set are connected to the corresponding ports of the network analyzer. Port -n is any one of the test ports used to connect to the device-under-test. 7. This is crosstalk of the test set measured between the test set’s interconnect ports, with shorts on the selected test ports . Crosstalk is computed by normalizing the result of an isolation measurement to a through measurement between the two ports such that the path losses are taken into account. Isola tion is defined as the transmission signal measured between any two ports of the test system when these two ports are terminated with shorts.

Description Specification Supplemental information Front panel ports 87050E, Option 004 4 T ype-N, female 50 Ω (nominal) 87050E, Option 008 8 T ype-N, female 50 Ω (nominal) 87050E, Option 012 12 T ype-N, female 50 Ω (nominal) Real panel Parallel in connector — 25-pin D-subminiature female (DB-25) Parallel out connector — 25-pin D-subminiature female (DB-25) Line power 1 Frequency 50/60 Hz — Input voltage, operating 100/120/220/240 Vac — Input power — <45 W (typical) General environment ESD Minimize using static-safe work procedures and — an antistatic bench mat (Part number 9300-0797) Dust — Minimize for optimum reliability General Indoor use only — Operating T emperature 0 °C to + 55 °C — Storage T emperature –40 °C to + 70 °C — Altitude 0 to 4.5 km (15,000 ft) Cabinet dimensions Height x width x depth 132.8 x 425 x 497 mm (nominal) 5.2 x 16.7 x 19.6 in (nominal) — Cabinet dimensions exclude front and rear protrusions Weight Net — 8 kg (18 lb) (nominal) Shipping — 11 kg (24 lb) (nominal) Test set general information 1. A third-wire ground is required.

Physical dimensions of the Agilent 87050E Option 004 multiport test set1 Physical dimensions of the Agilent 87050E Option 008 multiport test set Physical dimensions of the Agilent 87050E Option 012 multiport test set 1. These dimensions exclude rear protrusions.

Block diagram for the Agilent 87050E (only one test set port pair is shown) REAR PANEL External Detectors Input B* Input B Y AUX Input Input R X Input R* Reference RF Source Input A CRT FRONT PANEL Reflection (RF Out) Device Under TestNarrowband Detector Broadband Detector YX With Attenuator Option 1E1 Incident Transmission Reflected Transmission (RF In) ADC and Processor Block diagram for the Agilent 8712ES and 8714ES REAR PANEL External Detectors Input B Input B* Y AUX Input Input R X Input R* Reference RF Source Input A CRT FRONT PANEL Port 1 Port 2 Device Under TestNarrowband Detector Broadband Detector ADC and Processor YX Block diagram for the Agilent 8712ET and 8714ET

Control of the switches inside the test set and cali- bration of the test system can be accomplished from the front panel of the network analyzer—an external computer is not required. However, the analyzers are fully programmable for use in auto- mated test environments. Measurement Number of display measurements Two measurement displays are available, with independent control of display parameters includ- ing format type, scale per division, reference level, reference position, and averaging. The displays can share network analyzer sweep parameters, or, by using alternate sweep, each measurement can have independent sweep parameters including frequen- cy settings, IF bandwidth, power level, and number of trace points. The instrument can display a single measurement, or dual measurements on a split (two graticules) or overlaid (one graticule) screen. Measurement choices  Narrowband ET models: reflection (A/R), transmission (B/R), A, B, R ES models: S 11 (A/R), S22 (B/R), S21 (B/R), S12 (A/R), A, B, R  Broadband X, Y, Y/X, X/Y, Y/R*, power (B*, R*), conversion loss (B*/R*) Note: X and Y denote external broadband-detec- tor inputs; * denotes internal broadband detec- tors. Formats Log or linear magnitude, SWR, phase, group delay, real and imaginary, Smith chart, polar, and imped- ance magnitude Trace functions Current data, memory data, memory with current data, division of data by memory Display annotations Start/stop, center/span, or CW frequency, scale per division, reference level, marker data, softkey labels, warning and caution messages, screen titles, time and date, and pass/fail indication Limits Measurement data can be compared to any combi- nation of line or point limits for pass/fail testing. User-defined limits can also be applied to an ampli- tude- or frequency-reference marker. A limit-test TTL output is available on the rear panel for exter- nal control or indication. Limits are only available with rectilinear formats. Data markers Each measurement channel has eight markers. Markers are coupled between channels. Any one of eight markers can be the reference marker for del- ta-marker operation. Annotation for up to four markers can be displayed at one time. Marker functions Markers can be used in absolute or delta modes. Other marker functions include marker to center frequency, marker to reference level, marker to electrical delay, searches, tracking, and statistics. Marker searches include marker to maximum, marker to minimum, marker to target value, band- width, notch, multi-peak and multi-notch. The marker-tracking function enables continuous update of marker search values on each sweep. Marker statistics enable measurement of the mean, peak-to-peak and standard deviation of the data between two markers. For rapid tuning and testing of cable-TV broadband amplifiers, slope and flat- ness functions are also available. Storage Internal memory

1.5 Mbytes (ET models) or 1 Mbyte (ES models) of

nonvolatile storage is available to store instrument states, measurement data, screen images, and IBASIC programs. Instrument states can include all control settings, limit lines, memory data, cali- bration coefficients, and custom display titles. If no other data files are saved in nonvolatile memory, between approximately 20 and 150 instrument states can be saved (depending on the model type and on instrument parameters). Approximately 14 Mbytes of volatile memory are also available for temporary storage of instrument states, measure- ment data, screen images, and IBASIC programs. System features

Trace data, instrument states (including calibra- tion data), and IBASIC programs can be saved on floppy disks using the built-in 3.5 inch disk drive. All files are stored in MS-DOS®-compatible format. Instrument data can be saved in binary or ASCII format (including Touchstone/.s2p format), and screen graphics can be saved as PCX (bit-mapped), HP-GL (vector), or PCL5 (printer) files. NFS: See description under Control via LAN Data hard copy Hard copy prints can be made using PCL and PCL5 printers (such as HP DeskJet or LaserJet series printers), or Epson-compatible graphics printers. Single color and multicolor formats are supported. Hard copy plots can be automatically produced with HP-GL-compatible plotters such as the Agilent 7475A, or with printers that support HP-GL. The analyzer provides Centronics (parallel), RS-232C, GPIB, and LAN interfaces. Automation Controlling via GPIB Interface The GPIB interface operates to IEEE 488.2 and SCPI standard-interface commands. Control The analyzer can either be the system controller, or pass bus control to another active controller. Data transfer formats  ASCII  32- or 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point format  Mass-memory-transfer commands allow file transfer between external controller and analyzer. Control via LAN The built-in LAN interface and firmware support data transfer and control via direct connection to a 10 Base-T (Ethertwist) network. A variety of stan- dard protocols are supported, including TCP/IP, sockets, ftp, http, telnet, bootp, and NFS. The LAN interface is standard. SCPI The analyzer can be controlled by sending Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) within a telnet session or via a socket connection and TCP/IP (the default socket port is 5025). The analyzer’s socket applications programming interface (API) is compatible with Berkeley sockets, Winsock and other standard socket APIs. Socket programming can be done in a variety of environments including C programs, Agilent VEE, SICL/LAN, or a Java™ applet. A stan- dard web browser and the analyzer’s built-in web page can be used to remotely enter SCPI com- mands via a Java applet. FTP Instrument state and data files can be transferred via ftp (file-transfer protocol). An internal, dynamic- data disk provides direct access to instrument states, screen dumps, trace data, and operating parameters. HTTP The instrument’s built-in web page can be accessed with any standard web browser using http (hyper- text transfer protocol) and the network analyzer’s IP address. The built-in web page can be used to control the network analyzer, view screen images, download documentation, and link to other sites for firmware upgrades and VXIplug&play drivers. Some word processor and spreadsheet programs, such as Microsoft® Word 97 and Excel 97, provide methods to directly import graphics and data via a LAN connection using http and the network ana- lyzer’s IP address. SICL/LAN The analyzer’s support for SICL (standard instru- ment control library) over the LAN provides con- trol of the network analyzer using a variety of com- puting platforms, I/O interfaces, and operating sys- tems. With SICL/LAN, the analyzer is controlled remotely over the LAN with the same methods used for a local analyzer connected directly to the computer via a GPIB interface. SICL/LAN protocol also allows the use of Agilent’s free VXI plug&play driver to communicate with the multiport test sys- tem over a LAN. SICL/LAN can be used with Windows® 95/98/NT, or HP-UX.

The analyzer’s built-in NFS (network file system) client provides access to remote files and directo- ries using the LAN. With NFS, remote files and directories (stored remotely on a computer) behave like local files and directories (stored locally within the analyzer). Test data taken by the network ana- lyzer can be saved directly to a remote PC or UNIX® directory, eliminating the need for a remotely initiated ftp session. For Windows-based applications, third-party NFS-server software must be installed on the PC. NFS is fully supported in most versions of UNIX. Bootp Bootstrap protocol (bootp) allows a network ana- lyzer to automatically configure itself at power-on with the necessary information to operate on the network. After a bootp request is sent by the ana- lyzer, the host server downloads an IP and gateway address, and a subnet mask. In addition, the ana- lyzer can request an IBASIC file, which automati- cally executes after the transfer is complete. For Windows-based applications, third-party bootp- server software must be installed on the PC. Bootp is fully supported in most versions of UNIX. Programming with IBASIC As a standard feature, all Agilent 8712ET/ES and 8714ET/ES network analyzers come with the Instrument BASIC programming language (IBASIC). IBASIC facilitates automated measure- ments and control of other test equipment, improv- ing productivity. For simpler applications, you can use IBASIC as a keystroke recorder to easily auto- mate manual measurements. Or, you can use an optional, standard PC keyboard to write custom test applications that include:  Special softkey labels  Tailored user prompts  Graphical setup diagrams  Barcode-reading capability  Control of other test instruments via the GPIB, serial, or parallel interfaces Measurement calibration Measurement calibration is a process that improves measurement accuracy by using error- correction arrays to remove systematic measure- ment errors. The Test Set Cal and SelfCal features on your mul- tiport test system increase the accuracy of your measurements and significantly increase the test efficiency of your work stations by eliminating fre- quent and lengthy calibration procedures. Test Set Cal A Test Set Cal is a calibration that should be per- formed on a regular, but relatively infrequent basis (at least once a month is recommended). A Test Set Cal requires connection of mechanical calibra- tion standards to all of the ports you will be using for your measurements. Test Set Cal for the Agilent 8712ET and Agilent 8714ET analyzers The data collected by the analyzer during a Test Set Cal always includes both transmission (enhanced response) calibration data and reflec- tion (one-port) calibration data. When making measurements after calibration, the analyzer auto- matically recalls and uses the correct set of cali- bration data for the type of measurement chosen. Test Set Cal for the Agilent 8712ES and 8714ES analyzers The S-parameter network analyzers perform either two-port calibration or enhanced response/one- port calibration. Choosing a two-port calibration for the Test Set Cal removes the most systematic errors, giving you the greatest measurement accu- racy. Choosing the enhanced response/one-port calibration allows faster measurement speeds, but is not as accurate as full two-port calibration. SelfCal A SelfCal is an internal system calibration that automatically executes in just a few seconds on a regular, frequent basis (once per hour is recom- mended). A SelfCal does not require that you remove your DUT or that you make any connec- tions of external calibration standards. The SelfCal uses the results of the most recent Test Set Cal, along with current measurements of internal, elec- tronically switched, open, short, load and through standards. SelfCal removes the drift of the network analyzer and multiport test set due to environmen- tal variations. System features (continued)

Besides using a Test Set Cal, individual instrument states and their corresponding calibrations can be saved and recalled for use with specific measure- ment paths. For example, to improve measurement throughput, one signal path could be tested using a response calibration, while all other paths are tested with a Test Set Cal using two-port calibration. Note: the SelfCal feature is only supported with Test Set Cals. A variety of calibration types are available and described below: ES models only  Two-port calibration Compensates for frequency response, source and load match, and directivity errors while making S-parameter measurements of transmis- sion (S 21, S12) and reflection (S11, S22). Compensates for transmission crosstalk when the Isolation on OFF softkey is toggled to ON. Requires short, open, load, and through stan- dards. ET and ES models: transmission measurements  Normalization Provides simultaneous magnitude and phase correction of transmission frequency-response errors. Requires a through connection. Used for both narrowband and broadband detection. Does not support calibration interpolation.  Response Simultaneous magnitude and phase correction of frequency response errors for transmission measurements. Requires a through standard.  Response and isolation Compensates for frequency response and cross- talk errors. Requires a load termination on both test ports and a through standard.  Enhanced response Compensates for frequency response and source match errors. Requires short, open, load, and through standards. ET and ES models: reflection measurements  One-port calibration Compensates for frequency response, directivity, and source-match errors. Requires short, open, and load standards. Calibration kits Data for several standard calibration kits are stored in the instrument for use by the calibration routines. They include:  3.5 mm (85033D)  Type-N (85032B/E)  7 mm (85031B)  7-16 (85038A) In addition, you can also describe the standards for a user-defined calibration kit (for example, open-circuit capacitance coefficients, offset-short length, or through-standard loss). For more information about calibration kits avail- able from Agilent Technologies, consult the Agilent 87050E Configuration Guide, Agilent literature number 5968-4765E. Key network analyzer options Step attenuator (Option 1E1) Adds a built-in 60 dB step attenuator to transmis- sion/reflection (ET) models to extend the output power range to –60 dBm. The attenuator is stan- dard in S-parameter (ES) models.

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