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V-LINK-200CEVERSION ETC1 | Alldatasheet

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Technical content

V-Link®-200 Wireless8ChannelAnalogInputSensorNode

Williston,VT05495 UnitedStatesofAmerica Phone:802-862-6629 Fax:802-863-4093 9:00AMto5:00PM(EasternTimeUS&Canada) http://www.microstrain.com sensing_support@LORD.com sensing_sales@LORD.com Document8500-0063RevisionI Subjecttochangewithoutnotice.

V-Link®-200UserManual TableofContents 1. WirelessSensorNetworkOverview 6 2. NodeOverview 7 2.1ComponentsList 8 2.2InterfaceandIndicators 9 2.3NodeDiagnostics 10 2.4NodeOperationalModes 13 3. SystemOperation 14 3.1SoftwareInstallation 14 3.2SystemConnections 15 3.3GatewayCommunication 16 3.4ConnecttoNodes 17 3.4.1AutomaticNodeDiscoveryonSameFrequency 17 3.4.2AutomaticNodeDiscoveryonDifferentFrequency 18 3.4.3ManuallyAddNode 19 3.5ConfigureNode 21 3.6ConfigureandStartSampling 23 4. ViewingData 26 4.1SensorConnect 26 4.1.1UsingDashboardsandWidgets 26 4.1.2NavigatingGraphs 26 4.1.3WidgetsOptions 27 4.1.4TimeSeriesWidgetMenu 27 4.1.5ExportingDataFiles 28 4.1.6NavigatingMenus 29 5. Installation 32 5.1MountingRecommendations 32

V-Link®-200 UserManual

5.2 OptimizingtheRadioLink 34

5.2.1 RangeTest 35

1. ConnectingSensors 36

6.1 SensorRequirements 36

6.2 WiringRecommendations 37

6.3 SensorPower 38

6.4 NodeChannelsDesignations 38

6.5 TerminalBlockConnections 39

6.6 PinDescriptions 40

6.7 DifferentialInputChannels 41

6.7.1 DifferentialSensors 42

6.7.2 DifferentialChannelRawVoltage 44

6.7.3 MeasuringSmallVoltages 45

6.8 Single-Ended Input Channels

6.8.1 Measuring Small Currents (4 to 20mA Sensors)

6.9 Using the Excitation Output as a Switch

6.10 Connecting Accelerometers

6.11 On-board Temperature Sensor 49

1. Sensor Settings 50

7.1 SensorCalibration 51

7.1.1 EXAMPLE:InternalShuntCalibration 53

7.1.2 CalibrationLaborField 56

7.1.3 ManufacturerCalibration 60

7.2 SensorConversionValues 61

7.2.1 CalculatingaLinearSlope 65

7.2.2 DifferentialInputGainandOffset 67

V-Link®-200 UserManual

8.1 PoweringtheNode 69

8.2 UsingtheInternalNodeBattery 69

8.3 ConnectinganExternalPowerSupply 70

1. Troubleshooting 71

9.1 TroubleshootingGuide 71

9.2 UsingtheNodeTesterBoard 75

9.3 UpdatingNodeFirmware 79

9.4 RepairandCalibration 81

9.5 Maintenance 82

1. Wireless Equipment 83

10.1 StandardNodes 83

10.2 NodeAccessories 83

10.3 RecommendedSensors 84

10.4 WirelessSystemEquipment 85

1. Specifications 87

11.1 PhysicalSpecifications 87

11.2 OperatingSpecifications 88

11.3 RadioSpecifications 89

11.4 FrequencySetting 89

1. Safety Information 91

12.1 ReplacingBatteries 91

12.2 BatteryHazards 91

12.3 PowerSupply 92

12.4 DisposalandRecycling 92

1. References 93

13.1 RelatedDocuments 93

1. Glossary 94

V-Link®-200UserManual 1. WirelessSensorNetworkOverview TheLORDSensingWirelessSensorNetworkisahigh-speed,scalable,sensordataacquisitionand sensornetworkingsystem. Eachsystemconsistsofwirelesssensorinterfacenodes,adatacollection gateway,andfull-featuredusersoftwareplatformsbasedontheLORDSensingLosslessExtended RangeSynchronized(LXRS)anddatacommunicationsprotocols. Bi-directionalwirelesscommunication betweenthenodeandgatewayenablessensordatacollectionandconfiguration.Gatewayscanbe connectedlocallytoahostcomputerorremotelyvialocalandmobilenetworks.Somegatewaysalso featureanalogoutputsforportingsensordatadirectlytostand-alonedataacquisitionequipment. Theselectionofavailablenodesallowsinterfacewithmanytypesofsensors,includingaccelerometers, straingauges,pressuretransducers,loadcells,torqueandvibrationsensors,magnetometers,4to20mA sensors,thermocouples,RTDsensors,soilmoistureandhumiditysensors,inclinometers,andorientation anddisplacementsensors.Somenodescomewithintegratedsensingdevicessuchasaccelerometers. Systemsamplingcapabilitiesincludelosslesssynchronizedsampling,continuousandperiodicburst sampling,anddatalogging.Asinglegatewaycancoordinatemanynodesofanytype,andmultiple gatewayscanbemanagedfromonecomputerwiththeSensorConnect™andSensorCloud™software platforms.IntegrationtocustomersystemscanbeaccomplishedusingOEMversionsofthesensornodes andleveragingtheLORDSensingdatacommunicationsprotocol. CommonwirelessapplicationsofLORDSensingSensingSystemsarestrainsensormeasurement, accelerometerplatforms,vibrationmonitoring,energymonitoring,environmentalmonitoring,and temperaturemonitoring.

V-Link®-200UserManual 2. NodeOverview TheV-Link-200wirelesssensornodefeatureseightanaloginputchannelsdesignedtoaccommodatea widerangeofWheatstonebridgeandanalogsensors,includingstrain,loadcell,torque,pressure, acceleration,vibration,magneticfield,displacement,andgeophones.Therearefourchannelsforsingle- endedsensormeasurement,fourchannelsfordifferentialsensormeasurement,andanon-boardinternal temperaturesensor. V-Link-200inputsare18-bitresolutionwith±0.1%fullscalemeasurementaccuracy.Thenodecanlog datatointernalmemory,transmitreal-timesynchronizeddata,anditsupportseventdriventriggerswith bothpre-andpost-eventbuffers. Toacquiresensordata,theV-Link-200isusedwithaLORDSensingWSDAgateway,andcomeswith thefollowingconfigurationoptions. Figure1-V-Link-200

V-Link®-200 UserManual

2.1 Components List

V-Link-200 sensor node comes with the following configuration options. For a complete list of available configurations, accessories, additional system products and ordering information, see Wireless Equipment on page 83. Item Description Quantity A V-Link-200 1 B Antenna with rightangle adapter 1 C Node testerboard 1 D AALithiumbatteries(3.6 Vdc,2.4 Ah) 4 E DIN railclip 1 #6-32 x3/8"Thread forming screws -- Calibration Certificate 1

V-Link®-200UserManual

2.2 InterfaceandIndicators

TheV-Link-200LEDsindicateoperationalmodesshowingwhenthenodeisbootingup,idleand waitingforacommand,sampling,resynchronizing,orifthereisanerror. Figure2-InterfaceandIndicators Indicator Behavior NodeStatus Device status indicator OFF NodeisOFF Rapidgreenflashing onstart-up Nodeisbootingup 1(slow)greenpulse persecond Nodeisidleandwaiting foracommand 1greenblinkevery2 seconds Nodeissampling BlueLEDduring sampling Nodeisresynchronizing RedLED Built-intesterror Table1-IndicatorBehaviors

V-Link®-200UserManual

2.3 NodeDiagnostics

IntheWirelessNodeConfigurationmenuundertheSamplingtab,therearefouruser-setdatapoints toprovideinformationaboutthestatusoftheNode. Figure3-NodeDiagnosticMenu l LostBeaconTimeout:Thetimeanodewillsearchforabeaconbeforedeterminingthere isnobasestationconnectivity.User-setbetween2minutesand600minutes l DiagnosticInfoInterval:The reportrateofthediagnosticpacket.User-setbetween30 secondsand65536seconds.Thefollowingdatachannelsareavailable. o CurrentState:ThecurrentstateofthedevicewhentheDiagnostic Packetissent. o 0=Idle o 1=DeepSleep o 2=ActiveRun o 3=InactiveRun o RunTime:ThenumberofsecondstheNodehasbeenineachstate. o ResetCounter:ThenumberoftimestheNodehasreset. o LowBatteryIndicator:If1,alowbatteryeventhasbeendetected sincethelastDiagnosticPacket. o SampleInfo: o SweepIndex:Thetotalnumberofsweeps(good andbad).

V-Link®-200UserManual o BadSweepCount:Thetotalnumberoffailed sweeps. o TransmitInfo: o TotalTransmissions:Numberofuniquepackets transmitted(notincludingretransmissions.) o TotalRetransmissions:Numberofretransmitted packets.Packetsareretransmittedwhenanode doesnotreceiveacknowledgmentfromthebase station. o TotalDroppedPackets:Numberofpacketsthe Nodehasdiscardedduetobufferoverflow,or exceedingthe maximumnumber of retransmissionsperpacket. o BuiltinTestResult:TheresultoftheBuiltinTestfunction. o EventTriggerIndex:TheindexofthemostrecentEventTrigger loggedtotheNode.Whenthisnumberchanges,aneweventhas occurred. o ExternalPower:Flagindicatingifexternalpowerisconnectedornot. o 0=NotConnected o 1=ExternalPowerConnected o InternalTemperature:TheinternaltemperatureoftheNodein degreesCelsius. l StorageLimitMode: Determinesthebehaviorofthestorageaseitherfirstin,firstout (FIFO),orstopswhenthestorageisfull.SetatStopbydefaultwithanOverwriteoptionin thedropdownmenu l SensorWarmUpDelay: Thedelaytimebeforesamplingafterexcitationisenabled. SensorAlwaysOnissetbydefaultandindicatedbyacheckmark.Tomanuallysetthis feature,unchecktheboxandsetbetween1µsecondand66000µseconds.

V-Link®-200UserManual Figure4-ViewingNodeDiagnosticData

V-Link®-200UserManual

2.4 NodeOperationalModes

Sensornodeshavethreeoperationalmodes:active,sleep,andidle.Whenthenodeissampling,itisin activemode.Whensamplingstops,thenodeisswitchedintoidlemode,whichisusedforconfiguring nodesettings,andallowstogglingbetweensamplingandsleepingmodes.Thenodewillautomatically gointotheultralow-powersleepmodeafterauser-determinedperiodofinactivity.Thenodewillnot gointosleepmodewhilesampling. Figure5-NodeOperationalModes

V-Link®-200UserManual 3. SystemOperation LORDSensinghastwosoftwareprogramsavailablefordataacquisitionfromthewirelesssensor network:SensorCloudandSensorConnect. SensorCloudisanoptionalweb-baseddatacollection, visualization,analysis,andremotemanagementplatformbasedoncloudcomputingtechnology. SensorConnectisPC-basedsoftwareusedforconfiguringgatewaysandnodes,selectingsampling modesandparameters,initializingdataacquisition,andviewingandsavingdata.

3.1 SoftwareInstallation

InstalltheSensorConnectsoftwareonthehostcomputerbeforeconnectinganyhardware.Accessthe freesoftwaredownloadontheLORDSensingwebsiteat: http://www.microstrain.com/software SensorCloudisanoptionaldatacollection,visualization,analysis,andremotemanagementtool.Itis basedoncloudcomputingtechnologyandisaccesseddirectlyfromawebconnection.Formore informationgoto:http://www.sensorcloud.com/.

V-Link®-200UserManual

3.2 SystemConnections

Toacquiresensordatathefollowingcomponentsareneeded:aLORDSensingwirelesssensornode, aLORDSensingdatagateway,andahostcomputerwithaccesstothedataacquisitionsoftware. Thesensor,node,gateway,andsoftwareselectionareapplication-dependent,butthebasicinterfaces arethesame.TheV-Link-200gatewayutilizesEthernetcommunicationsandcanbeusedwith SensorConnectand SensorCloud™,althoughsystemconfigurationis completedusing SensorConnect. Figure6-SystemConnections

V-Link®-200UserManual

3.3 GatewayCommunication

DriversfortheUSBgatewaysareincludedtheSensorConnectsoftwareinstallation. Withthe softwareinstalled,theUSBgatewaywillbedetectedautomaticallywheneverthegatewayisplugged in. 1. PowerisappliedtothegatewaythroughtheUSBconnection.Verifythegatewaystatus indicatorisilluminated,showingthegatewayisconnectedandpoweredon. 2. OpentheSensorConnect™software. 3. ThegatewayshouldappearintheControllerwindowautomaticallywithacommunication portassignment.Ifthegatewayisnotautomaticallydiscovered,verifytheportisactiveonthe hostcomputer,andthenremoveandre-inserttheUSBconnector. Figure7-USBGatewayCommunication

V-Link®-200UserManual

3.4 ConnecttoNodes

SeveralmethodscanbeusedinSensorConnecttoestablishcommunicationwiththenodes:the automaticnodediscoveryonthesamefrequency,automaticnodediscoveryonadifferentfrequency, andaddnodemanually. 3.4.1AutomaticNodeDiscoveryonSameFrequency Ifthebaseandnodeareonthesameoperatingfrequency,thenodewillpopulatebelowthe BaseStationlistingwhenpoweringontheV-Link-200. Figure8-NodeDiscoveredOnSameFrequency

V-Link®-200UserManual 3.4.2AutomaticNodeDiscoveryonDifferentFrequency IfaredcirclewithanumberappearsnexttotheBaseStation,thenodeisoperatingona separateradiochannel.SelecttheBaseStationandthenselecttheNodesonOther Frequenciestile. Figure9-NodeOnOtherFrequency HighlightthenewnodebeingaddedandselectMoveNodetoFrequency(#). Figure10-MoveNode

V-Link®-200UserManual 3.4.3ManuallyAddNode Addinganodemanuallyrequiresenteringthenodeaddressanditscurrentfrequencysetting. FromtheBaseStation,selecttheManualAddNodetile,entertheNodeAddress,lastknown Frequency(factorydefaultis15),andselectAddNode. Figure11-AddNodeByAddress Ifthenodewassuccessfullyadded,twoconfirmationmessageswillappearanditwillbe listedundertheBaseStation. Figure12-AddNodeConfirmation

V-Link®-200UserManual Ifthenodefailedtobeadded,afailuremessagewillappear.Thismeansthenodedidnot respondtothebasestationwhichcouldindicatethenodeisnotinidlemodeoritmaybeon anotherfrequency.If"AddNodeAnyway"isselected,itwillassociatethatnodewiththe channelenteredbutitislikelytherewillbeacommunicationerror.Ifthenodewasnotinidle, movethebasestationtothefrequencyofthenodeandissuea"SettoIdle"command. Figure13-FailuretoAddNode

V-Link®-200UserManual

3.5 ConfigureNode

Nodesettingsarestoredtonon-volatilememoryandmaybeconfiguredusingSensorConnect.To accessthenodeconfigurationmenu, underDevicesselectthenodeandthentheConfiguretile. Theconfigurationmenusshowthechannelsandconfigurationoptionsavailableforthetypeofnode beingused. ForthisexampletheV-Link-200testerboardisonchannel1. 1. SelectHardware>InputRangeforchannel1,select+/-2mVfromthedropdownmenu. 2. UnderHardwareOffset,selectBalanceTargetforchannel1,selectMid(50%)fromthedrop downmenu. 3. SelectAuto-Balance.Whenauto-balanceiscomplete,ablueinformationwindowwill indicatethebalanceresult. Figure14-Auto-Balance

V-Link®-200UserManual 4. SelectCalibration. 5. SelectMicrostrain fromtheUnitdropdownmenu,andselecttheShuntCalbuttonenabled ontheright. Figure15-NodeConfigurationMenu 6. Usethefollowingsettings: a. CalibrationMode:Internal b. NumberofActiveGauges:4 c. GaugeFactor:2 d. GaugeResistance:1000 e. ShuntResistance:499000 7. SelectStartShuntCalforSlopeandOffsetcalibrations. 8. SelectAcceptCalibration. Figure16-ChannelSettings 9. Whenthecalibrationiscomplete,theWirelessNodeConfigurationwindowwillappear. 10.SelectApplyConfigurationtowritetonodememory.

V-Link®-200UserManual

3.6 ConfigureandStartSampling

Tostartasamplingsession,nodescanbeselectedindividuallybyselectingtheNodenameandthen theSampletile. Tosamplemultiplenodesasagroup,selecttheBaseStationandthentheSamplingNetworktile. Asagroup,theywillallbesettothesamesamplingmode.WhentheBaseStationisselected,allthe nodeswillappearinalistwithacheckmarktotheleft,allofthenodescheckedoffwillbeincludedin thesampling.Uncheckthenodestobeexcludedfromthesampling.

V-Link®-200UserManual Figure17-NetworkandNodeConfigurationMenu l Synchronized-ByselectingSynchronized,allnodesinthenetworkwillperiodicallysynchronize theirtimeclockstoabeaconthatisbroadcastedbytheWSDAgateway.Eachbeaconcontains aUTCtimestamp,allowingnodestotimestamptheircollecteddatawithinanaccuracyof+/-50 us. Eachnodewillalsobufferdataandtransmitthisdataintime-slotsallocatedpriortosampling. Usingtime-slotsassuresthetransmissionswillnot“collide”,orcorrupteachother.Italso providesameansforefficientlyscalingthesizeofthenetworktoallowasmuchdatathroughput aspossible. IfSynchronizedisdeselected,thenodewillnotrequireabeacontimesourceandwilltransmita datatransmissionforeachmeasurementsweep.TheusershoulddeselectSynchronizedif, eitherlowlatency,orthelowestpossiblepoweratslowsamplerates,isrequired. l Lossless-Theusercanachievenearlosslessdatacollectioninmostenvironmentsthroughthe useofdatabuffering,radioacknowledgments,andretransmissions.Eachnodebufferscollected dataandtimestampstoaninternal2MbitFIFObuffer.Foreachtransmission,dataispulledfrom thisbuffer.Uponreceivingthedatapacket,anacknowledgmentissentfromtheWSDA gatewayprovidingthebeacon.Thenodewillretransmitdatauntilthisacknowledgmentis received.Inherentoverheadinthetransmissionschedulingprotocolassuresthenodetimeto recoverfromperiodsofpoorradiocommunication. Thisfeatureallowslosslessperformanceinenvironmentswherethenodeachievesaslowas 50%packeterrorrate.Italsoallowsforoperationinsituationswherethegatewayandnode moveinandoutofrangeofeachother.

V-Link®-200UserManual NOTE:TheLosslessfeatureisonlyavailablewhenSynchronizedisenabled.DisableLosslessif theapplicationrequiresconsistentlatencyorcantoleratelostdata. l Node:Indicatesthenodeaddressbesideaboxwithacheckmark.Thisboxischeckedby defaulttoincludethenodeinthesampling.Unchecktheboxtoexcludethenodefromthe sampling. l Channels:Providesadrop-downmenutoselectthedesiredsensorchannelsforthenode. l Sampling:Displaysadrop-downmenutoselectthesamplerate."Continuously"samples indefinitely,"For"specifiesafixedsamplingtime-frame,and"Bursting"allowsshortsampling durationsperformedatperiodicintervals. l DataType:Selecttheresolutionofthedatareportedbythenode.Selectinglowerresolution datawillrequirefewertransmissionsandlowerpower.Selecting"Float"willrequestthenode senddataintheconfiguredcalibrationunittype. l Log/Transmit:Select"LogOnly"tohavethenodestoreallcollecteddatatoflashmemoryfor laterdownload.Select"TransmitOnly"tohavethenodetransmitalldatawhileitiscollected.Or select"LogandTransmit"tohavethenodeperformbothoperations. l %Total:Indicatesthepercentageoftotalover-the-airbandwidthreservedforeachnode. l Status:Displaysnetworkerrors. l ApplyandStartNetwork:Appliesallofthesettings,startstheentirenetwork,andstartsthe BaseStation'sbeacon. l ApplyandArmNodes:ThissettingallowstheusertoArmallofthe nodeswithoutstartingthebeacon.Ifthegatewayhasalreadyenabled thebeacon,thissettingwillkeepthegateway'sbeacon. l ApplyOnly:Savesthesettingstomemoryandnotstartthenetwork.

V-Link®-200UserManual 4. ViewingData

4.1 SensorConnect

4.1.1UsingDashboardsandWidgets CollecteddataisviewedontheDatapagethroughthecreationofdashboardsandwidgets.Think ofdashboardsasindividualpagesandwidgetsasanillustrationonthepage.Createmultipledata widgetsoneachdashboardtodisplaysampleddataasatime-seriesgraph,textchart,orasimple gaugethatonlydisplaysthemostcurrentreading.Thisformatprovidesaneasywaytoorganize manysensorsandnetworks,anditallowstheinformationtobedisplayedinthemostappropriate layout. Figure18-ViewingData 4.1.2NavigatingGraphs Usethemousealongwiththeshiftandcontrolkeysinsidethegraphwindowtoadjustthedataview. Control Action Mousewheel Zoomin/outonx-axis Shift+mousewheel Zoomin/outony-axis Mousedouble-click Zoomtoextends Shift+mouseleft-click,dragleft/right Zoomwindowleft/right Shift+mouseleft-click,dragup/down Zoomwindowup/down Ctrl+ mouseleft-click,drag Zoombox Table2-GraphViewControls

V-Link®-200UserManual 4.1.3WidgetsOptions Thewidgetconfigurationmenuisdifferentforeachtypeofwidgetbuttypicallyincludessensoror channelselectionsandwidgetsettingssuchastitlesandlegends. Afteraddingawidget,leftclicktoselectandconfigureitintheChannelsandSettingsleftsidebar menu.UnderChannels,thechannel(s)forthewidgetcanbeenabledanddisabled. Figure19-WidgetSettingsMenu 4.1.4TimeSeriesWidgetMenu TheTimeSeriesWidgetmenuhastwofeaturestohelpoptimizesensordatacollectionforexportto a.csvfile.SnaptoLatestcapturesthemostrecentdataand Zoomisolatesspecificeventsfroma largerdatasample(seeExportingDataFilesonpage28). Figure20-TimeSeriesWidgetMenu

V-Link®-200UserManual 4.1.5ExportingDataFiles Toexportdatatoa.csvfile,selecttheExportDatabuttonontheTimeSerieswidget>Export> namethedocument>savetothepreferredlocationonthehostcomputer. Figure21-ExportingData DataacquiredthroughSensorConnectisautomaticallysavedonthehostcomputer.Saveddatacan beuploadedtoSensorCloud.Ethernetgatewaysprovidetheoptiontoautomaticallyportthedatato SensorCloudduringdataacquisitionfornearreal-timedisplayandaggregation.Ethernetgateways canalsobeconfiguredtosavedatalocallytointernalmemoryforfutureuploadtothehostcomputeror SensorCloud. SensorCloudisbasedoncloudcomputingtechnologyandisdesignedforlongtermcollectingand preservationofdata.Featuresincludetimeseriesandvisualizationgraphing,automatedalerts,and datainterpretationtoolssuchasdatafiltering,statisticalanalysis,andadvancedalgorithm developmentwiththeintegratedMathEngine® interface.LeveragingtheopensourceAPI, SensorCloudcanalsobeusedtocollectdatafromotherLORDSensingsensorproductsorthird-party systems.BasicSensorCloudservicesare availableto all usersfree of chargeat: http://www.sensorcloud.com/. Figure22-SensorCloudLog-inorRegister

V-Link®-200UserManual 4.1.6NavigatingMenus TheSensorCloudinterfacehassixmainviews.Whenlogginginasaregistereduser,theDevice viewisthedefault.Navigatetootherviewsbyclickingtheviewnameatthetopofthepage(Figure 23-SensorCloudMenuViews).TheDataandSettingsviewsareonlyavailableonceadeviceis selectedfromthedevicelist. Figure23-SensorCloudMenuViews Device- ThedevicelistshowseveryEthernetgatewayandAPIdeviceassociatedwiththe SensorCloudaccount,includingowned,shared,anddemodevices.Thisviewprovideslinkstoeach device’sSensorCloudsubscriptionplan,configurationoptions,andasummaryoflastcommunications anddatatransactions. Account-TheaccountviewisforlogisticmanagementoftheSensorCloudaccount,suchaschanging thelog-inpassword,accessinguseremail,andreviewingbillinginformation. CSV Uploader-Thedatauploadfeatureenablesdatafromanysource(suchasnon-EthernetLORD Sensinggateways,orthird-partysensor)tobeuploadedtotheSensorCloudplatform.Thedatamust beintheLORDSensingCSVformat. Data-Thisviewisonlyavailableafteradeviceisselected.Itdisplaysdatathatiscollectedfromsensor nodesoruploadedfromfiles.Dataselectionsarelistedbynodechannelorauser-definedlabeland canbeenabledfordisplayinthegraphwindow.Theinteractivegraphhasnavigationalfeaturessuch

V-Link®-200UserManual aspanning,zooming,andanoverviewgraphforsingle-clickaccesstodatapointsorranges.Thereare alsouseandmanagementfeaturessuchasviewingthemeta-dataanddownloading,embedding,and taggingdatagraphs. Figure24-SensorCloudDataView Settings-Thesettingsviewprovidesoptionsforaddingmeta-data,configuringthedatadisplaysfor eachchannel,creatingalertsbasedondatathresholds,settingthedatatimezone,andmore. MathEngine®-isusedtoanalyzesensordata.Functionsincludetheabilitytofilteroutfrequencies, smoothoutnoisydata,performmathoperationssuchasFastFourierTransforms(FFTs),andmore (Figure25-MathEngine®View).MathEngine®interfaceswiththeSensorCloudgraphingviewfor fasterprocessing.Userscanwritetheirownalgorithmsforcustomapplications.Refertothe MathEngine®websiteformoreinformation. http://sensorcloud.com/mathengine

V-Link®-200UserManual Figure25-MathEngine®View Figure26-FFTGraphinSensorCloud FormoreinformationaboutSensorCloudfeaturesandnavigation,refertotheSensorCloud website:http://www.sensorcloud.com/,orcontactLORDSensingTechnicalSupport.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 5. Installation

5.1 MountingRecommendations

The V-Link-200 is rated for indoor use only, unless housed in a ruggedized outdoor enclosure. Enclosuresforthe V-Link-200areavailablefromLORDSensing. Therearetwomountingtabsonthenode,withholesforfastening. ADINrailclipandthreescrewsare includedwiththeV-Link-200foroptionalDINrailmounting( Figure29-DIN RailMountOption ). The node can be mounted in any orientation, but it is recommended that it is mounted in a way that optimizeswirelesscommunications,typicallywiththeantennapointingupward.Formoreinformation, seeOptimizingtheRadioLinkonpage34 . Figure 27 - Mounting the Node

V-Link®-200UserManual Figure29-DIN RailMountOption

V-Link®-200 UserManual

5.2 OptimizingtheRadioLink

In the event of communication difficulties, it may be necessary to disable WIFI on the host computer,oruseaUSBextenderwhencollectingdata. The best method for ensuring optimal radio communication is to conduct an RF survey of the installation site. This is easily accomplished in SensorConnect by using the range test feature to quantify the radio signal strength (RSSI) in various scenarios. See Range Test on page 35for instructions on using SensorConnect for measuring RSSI. The following are general guidelines for maximizingcommunicationrange: l Line of Sight (LOS)between the node and gateway. Tryto avoid obstructionssuch as buildings,terrain,vegetation,orotherphysicalbarriers. l Increase the Mounting Height of the node to allow a clearer LOS path to the gateway. Heightabovethegroundisalsoimportantbecausereflectionsoffoftheground caninterfereatthereceiver.Generally,thehigherabovethegroundthebetter. l Minimize Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)from other wireless devices, especially those operating in the same frequency range. This includes other nodes and 2.4 GHz WIFI routers. If other wireless devices are required nearby, mount them at different heightstominimizeinterference.Additionally,adifferentradiofrequencymaybeselected usingSensorConnectsoftware. l Minimize Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)suchasthatwhichisgeneratedbypower transmission equipment, microwaves, power supplies, and other electromagnetic sources. l Metal Objects in close proximity to either antenna, particularly ferrous metals such as steelandiron,canbeproblematicforwirelesscommunications. Thelargertheobject,the greatertheinfluence.

V-Link®-200UserManual 5.2.1RangeTest Afterestablishingcommunicationbetweennodeandgateway,usetherangetestfeaturein SensorConnecttomonitorthesignalstrengthandtooptimallypositionthenodes,gateway,and antennaeforinstallation.Maximumachievablerangeisdeterminedbythegatewayandnode powersettings(foundinthedeviceConfiguremenu)andishighlydependentonthephysical environmentsurroundingthedevices. 1. Selectthenodename>RangeTest Figure30-RangeTestMenu 2. RSSIis ameasureofsignalstrengthbetweenthenodeandthebasestation.Ahigher RSSIvalue(closertozero),willresultinbetternodetobasestationcommunication. Reliablecommunicationcanbeachievedwithasignalstrengthgreaterthan-75dBm,in theabsenceofradio frequencyinterference.Positionthenodeandgatewayantennas wherethebestRSSIvalueisobserved. Figure31-RangeTestStatistics

V-Link®-200 UserManual 6. Connecting Sensors The V-Link-200 wireless sensor node features eightanalog input channels that interface with a wide range of available sensor technologies, essentially converting them into wireless sensors. The node accommodates Wheatstone Bridge and analog sensors for applications in wireless strain gauge monitoring, such as torque, force, and pressure measurement, as well as sensors for other applications like wireless accelerometers, vibration sensors, magnetic field and displacement sensors. Environmental sensing can be achieved with wireless RTD and wireless thermocouple monitoring. The V- Link- 200 includes four single ended and four differential channels for sensor measurement. Differential channels may need to be factory-set to work for specific types of sensors. For information about channel configurations see Differential Input Channels on page 41. For ordering information see Wireless Equipment on page 83.

6.1 Sensor Requirements

Below are guidelines for selecting sensors for use with the V-Link-200. For interfacing with sensors outside of these parameters, or not included in the examples in the following sections, contact Technical Support (see Technical Support on page 81). Sensor Impedance: l Differential sensor inputs using a Wheatstone Bridge must have an impedance that is ≥ 120 Ω. For half-bridge and quarter-bridge configurations, the node impedance value is set to match the sensor when the node is manufactured and must be specified at the time of order. For more information see Wireless Equipment on page 83. Custom bridge completion impedance values are available on request. Sensor Signal Voltage: l Differential sensor inputs include a hardware gain and offset stage before the sensor input signal is processed by the analog to digital voltage converter within the node. The combination of the gain, offset, and sensor signal voltage cannot exceed the 5 V dc input range of the analog to digital converter. For more information see Differential Input Gain and Offset on page 67. l Single-ended sensor signal voltages are measured with respect to the system ground and must be between -10.24 to +10.24 V dc. Sensor Power: l The total current available for all connected sensors must be less than 150mA. The voltageis4.096Vdc.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

6.2 Wiring Recommendations

It is good practice that all sensor wiring be done with shielded cable. The shield is connected to the system ground only at one end to avoid ground loops. For sensitive small voltage signals (such as strain gauges) sensor wire leads should be of matched lengths so the lead resistance for each connection is as close to the other as possible. For long lengths of wire, a system calibration is recommended over a sensor calibration. See Sensor Calibration on page 51.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

6.3 Sensor Power

Totalsensor current draw of morethan150mA cancausepermanent damagetothenodeandshouldbeavoided. Sensors can be powered by the node or with an external power supply. The node sensor excitation voltage is 4.096 V dc and can provide up to 150mA total on all channels. If a higher voltage or more current is required for the sensor, an appropriately sized external power supply can be used. For example, using the node battery for current intensive devices such as 4 to 20mA sensors will drain the battery quickly. For these applications, an external source is recommended for the sensor or the node. Drain on the battery can also be limited by selecting low resource sampling modes and low duty sampling rates, which automatically switch the node excitation voltage off after sampling. This feature can also be utilized to turn switches on and off to further control resource use. See Using the Excitation Output as a Switch on page 48. External battery holders and ruggedized outdoor housings that accommodate larger batteries are available for the V-Link-200 and can be used to extend battery operating capacity and duration. See Node Accessories on page 83.

6.4 Node Channels Designations

Channel Description PinNomenclature 1 differentialchannel1 S1 2 differentialchannel2 S2 3 differentialchannel3 S3 4 differentialchannel4 S4 5 single ended channel1 Ain5 6 single ended channel2 Ain6 7 single ended channel3 Ain7 8 single ended channel4 Ain8 Table1- Channel Designations

V-Link®-200UserManual

6.5 TerminalBlockConnections

Wheninsertingthesensorleadsintotheterminalblockensuretheleadwireisbeingclampedunder theterminalscrewandnottheleadinsulation. Ifthesensorwiresareaveryfinegauge,foldingand tinningthemmaybeusefultoprovidemoreareafortheterminalscrewtomakecontact. Failureto provideadequateconnectionmayresultinerroneousdata. NodePin Number Signal NodePin Number Signal

1 SP+ 16 SP+

2 S1+ 17 S4+

3 S1- 18 S4-

4 GND 19 GND

5 S1S 20 S4S

6 SP+ 21 Ain5

7 S2+ 22 GND

8 S2- 23 Ain6

9 GND 24 GND

10 S2S 25 Ain7

11 SP+ 26 GND

12 S3+ 27 Ain8

13 S3- 28 GND

14 GND 29 Vin

15 S3S 30 GND

Table3-TerminalBlockConnections

V-Link®-200 UserManual

6.6 PinDescriptions

Node external power supply An alternate to the node power jack. See Powering the Node on page 69. power input 7.5 to 36 Vdc sufficientcurrentcapacity forsensors GND Return Fornode powerand sensorexcitation power return return Sensorexcitation Powerto externalsensors. Atsampling ratesunder 32Hz,itisonlyactive when the node issampling the sensors. output

4.096 Vdc

on allexcitation pinsis150 mA. Sx+ Differentialsensorinput + Positive inputto the node programmable gain amp- lifier(PGA).Used with S-. input 0 to 5 Vdcincluding gain and offset Wheatstone Bridge com- patible sensorwith 120 Ω inputimpedance recom- mended Sx- Differentialsensorinput + Negative input to the node programmable gain amplifier(PGA).Used with S+. SxS Three wire input Used onlyforthree wire configuration ofquarter bridge strain gauge bridges.Leave unconnected for non quarterstrain gauge bridge applications. input

4.096 Vdcincluding

patible sensorwith 120 Ω inputimpedance recom- mended Ainx Single ended sensorinput Routed directlyto the node analog to digital(A/D) converter. Return isnode GND. input -10.24 to +10.24 Vdc Table4- NodePinDescriptions

V-Link®-200UserManual

6.7 DifferentialInputChannels

Thedifferentialmeasurementchannelsprovidea5Vdcexcitationvoltagetothesensorandmeasure theresultingsensorsignaloutput. Thesensorsignalgoesthroughaprogrammablegainamplifier (PGA)andisthenprocessedinthenodebya18-bitanalog-to-digital(A/D)converteroverthe5Vdc range. Theresolutionofthesensormeasurementisdependentontheoperatingrangeofthesensor. Iftheapplicationissuchthatonlyasmallportionofthe5Vdcrangeisbeingutilized,betterresolution canbeachievedbyincreasingsignalamplificationandbyzeroingthesensorbaselineinthe appropriateoffsetbiasingrange. SensorgainandoffsetvaluesareconfigurableinSensorConnect. SeeConfigureNodeonpage21. Figure32-DifferentialChannelSignalProcessing

V-Link®-200 UserManual

6.7.1 Differential Sensors

Sensors that are classified as differential sensors often utilize a Wheatstone Bridge configuration. These sensors are essentially a resistive load that use the bridge configuration to detect very small resistive changes and produce a precise voltage output as a result. Some examples include strain gauge elements or strain gauge-based sensors, such as some load cells and pressure transducers, as well as some soil moisture, temperature, and other sensors. For use with the V-Link-200, sensors with an impedance of ≥ 120 Ω are recommended. Calibration in the SensorConnect software for these devices varies depending on the type of sensor and includes using the shunt calibration for strain gauges. The following diagrams show how to connect these types of sensors. Note: Full- Bridge is the standard LORD Sensing offering. Calibration for Half-Bridge, Two Wire Quarter-Bridge, and Three Wire Quarter-Bridge requires the optional on-board bridge completion. See Sensor Calibration on page 51 for more information. Figure33- Full BridgeWiring

V-Link®-200UserManual Figure34-HalfandQuarter-BridgeWiring

V-Link®-200UserManual 6.7.2DifferentialChannelRawVoltage TosettheV-Link-200toshowtherawvoltagethatisbeingapplied(inmV)tochannels1-4 (differentialchannels),entertheslopeandoffsetfortheinputrangebeingused.(SeeTable5- below) InputRange [Gain] Slope Offset ±156mV [16] 0.0012207031-156.25 ±78.1mV [32] 0.0006103516 -78.13 ±39.0mV [64] 0.0003051758 -39.06 ±19.5mV [128] 0.0001525879 -19.53 ±9.76mV [256] 0.0000762939 -9.77 ±4.88mV [512] 0.0000381470 -4.88 ±2.44mV [1024] 0.0000190735 -2.44 ±1.22mV [2048] 0.0000095367 -1.22 Table5- RawVoltageOutput Theformulatoderivetheaboverawvoltageoutput: Slope=5120mv÷(262144*gain) Offset=-(5000mV÷(2*gain))(Assumingbalancetomid-scaleisperfect)

V-Link®-200UserManual 6.7.3MeasuringSmallVoltages Somesensortypesthathavesmallsignalvoltages(around20mVorless)maybebettermeasured bybiasingthesensorsignaltothemidrangeofthenodeinputrangewithavoltagedivider,as showninFigure35-SmallVoltageMeasurement. ChannelconfigurationwillincludeadjustingthegainsettingaccordinglyintheSensorConnect software. Figure35-SmallVoltageMeasurement

V-Link®-200 UserManual

6.8 Single-EndedInput Channels

Single-endedchannelsaredesignedtomeasurevoltageswithreferencetothesystemgroundandcan accommodate many analog sensors types including accelerometers, pressure transducers, geophones, temperature sensors, inclinometers, and more. These channels can also be used to measurereferencevoltages. Sensors that operate on 4.096 V dc can be powered with the node excitation voltage. Alternately, sensorscanbepoweredwithanexternalsource. Thesensoroutputsignalisprocessedinthenodebyan18-bitanalogtodigital(A/D)converter,over the-10.24to+10.24V dcrange. Theresolutionof thesensor measurementisdependentonthefull scale output range of the sensor. More resolution can be achieved by changing the single-ended channelinputrange,seebelow. VoltageRange Slope Offset ±10.24V 0.0000781250 -10.24 ±5.12V 0.0000390625 -5.12 ±2.56V 0.0000195313 -2.56 +10.24V 0.0000390625 0 +5.12V 0.0000195313 0 Table 6 - Single-ended Raw Voltage Ranges The following sections provide examples of how various sensors can be connected to the node. For other applications, see Technical Support on page 81. Figure36- SingleEndedSignal Processing

V-Link®-200UserManual 6.8.1MeasuringSmallCurrents(4to20mASensors) LORDSensingnodeswithanaloginputs,suchastheV-Link-200and,supportawiderangeanalog sensorsincludingacceleration,vibration,strain,loadcells,torque,pressure,magneticfields, displacement,geophones,andmore.Tosupportthesesensors,thenodesmeasuresmallvoltage. Additionally,sensorswithsmallcurrentoutputs,suchas4to20mAsensors,canbeusedwiththe nodesbyaddingaprecisionsamplingresistoracrossasingle-endedinputchanneltothenode. An examplecircuitisshowninFigure37-SmallCurrentMeasurements. l NodeChannelandSensorOutputRange:Eitherthesingle-channelor differentialanaloginputchannelcanbeusedtomeasurecurrent.Theexternal circuitandnodesettingsaredifferentforeach.Thesingle-endedoptionissimpler allowslessadjustment.Forapplicationsinwhichverysmallcurrentswillbe measured,thedifferentialinputsofferbetternoiseimmunityandprogrammable gainsettings.Availablegainsettingsvarybetweennodemodels.Differentialinputs canbefactoryconfiguredforvariousbridgecompletionandimpedancevalues.For thisapplication,thestandardfull-bridgeconfigurationisassumed.Forother configurationscontactLORDSensingTechnicalSupport. l PowerSource:Ifthesensorwillbeoperatingcontinuouslyinthe20mArange,orif multipleanalogsinputsareinuse,itisrecommendedthatanexternalsourcebe usedtopowerthesensororthenode.Typicallynodescanonlysupply50mA(toall sensors),so20mAwouldbeasignificantportionofthenodecapacityandwould draintheinternalbatteryquickly.Howeverforapplicationswithlowercurrent requirementsandmeasurementranges,theinternalbatterymaybeabetteroption tomitigatepotentialnoisesources,especiallywhenusingdifferentialchannels.

V-Link®-200 UserManual For battery life and current draw information see Using the Internal Node Battery on page 69. The current limitations can be mitigated by using an external power source for the sensor or the node. If using node excitation power is the best for the application, drain on the battery life can be limited by only switching the node excitation voltage on just before sampling and then turning it off afterward. This happens automatically at low duty sampling rates (32Hz or lower) and can be set up for other sample rates with external circuitry. For more information see Using the Excitation Output as a Switch on page 48. Figure37- Small CurrentMeasurements

6.9 UsingtheExcitationOutput asaSwitch

At low sampling rates (under 32Hz) the node automatically switches the excitation voltage output off whenthesensorisnotbeingsampled,inordertoconservebatterylife. Thisfeaturecanalsobeused inapplicationswhereaswitchisdesired,suchasforturningsensorpoweronandoffwhenthesensor ispoweredbythenodebuthasalargecurrentdraw. Itcanalsobeusedasageneralpurposeswitch, suchasforcontrollingarelayortransistor. Thesamelimitationsapplyastoasensor;thedevicemust operateon4.096Vdcandnotrequiremorethan150mAwhencombinedwithallothersensorcurrent draw. Tousetheexcitationoutputinthisway,connectthecontrollineofthedevice(example:relaycoil orNPNtransistorbase)totheexcitationpinonthenodeterminalblock(SP+)andreference(example: othersideoftherelaycoilortheNPNtransistoremitter)tothenodegroundpin(GND).

V-Link®-200 UserManual LORD Sensing bridge type accelerometers, such as the Triaxial Accelerometer Cubes, can be used with V-Link-200 to create wireless acceleration sensor platforms. Connect each accelerometer axis output to a node differential input channel. Power is provided to the accelerometer from the node excitation supply. For additional information on LORD Sensing accelerometers compatible for use with the V- Link-200, see Recommended Sensors on page 84 . For information on integrating other types of sensors not described in this manual, contact Technical Support (see Technical Support on page 81).

6.11 On-board Temperature Sensor

l TheV-Link-200hasanon-board,solidstatetemperaturesensormountedonthesurface ofthecircuitboard. l AvailableasachannelintheDiagnosticPacket. l The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -40˚C to +85˚C range with an accuracyof±0.5˚C@25˚C.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 7. Sensor Settings LORD Sensing sensor nodes are designed to accept many sensor types. The node configuration interface includes settings for measurement units and conversion values. There are preset measurement units, as well as a user-defined field. Because the wireless sensor system is digital, the analog voltage readings from the sensors are converted into a digital equivalent value based on the volt-to-bit scale of the internal analog-to-digital voltage converter (A/D converter). Sensor readings can be displayed and recorded in A/D value (bits) directly or further converted to engineering units by applying conversion values and a conversion formula. For more information, See Sensor Conversion Values on page 61. Some sensors require calibration to determine more accurate conversion values. Calibration incorporates coefficients that normalize the sensor output to a known reference device and guarantee accuracy of conversions. External sensors can be attached to any channel that is suitable for sensor type.Table 7 - Example External Sensor Types , describes example sensors, units, and calibration options. channeltype example externalsensors units calibration options analog differentialinput strain gauges in full, half, quarter/custom Wheatstone Bridge configurations strain volts A/D value custom shuntcalibration userentryfrom manufacturer data,lab orfield calibration other Wheatstone Bridge sensors such as: some pressure sensors some force sensors some masssensors some displacementsensors some accelerometers some temperature sensors 4-20mAsensors g-force A/D value volts custom English and metric measurements for; mass, pressure, force, distance, and temperature. userentryfrom manufacturerdata, lab orfield calibration analog singleended input sensors with voltage outputs referenced to the systemground. volts A/D value custom userentryfrom manufacturerdata, lab orfield calibration thermocouple thermocouples temperature A/D value custom userentryfrom manufacturerdata, lab orfield calibration Table7- ExampleExternal Sensor Types

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.1 Sensor Calibration

Many sensors require calibration coefficients to accurately report measurements. Methods for determining the calibration coefficients depend on the type of sensor measurement and application. The SensorConnect software facilitates multiple calibration methods. Calibration calculators for some applications are also available by contacting LORD Sensing Technical Support. See Technical Support on page 81. l Sensor manufacturer’s specifications or calibration:The slope and offset values, or the datatoderivethem,areprovidedwiththesensor bythemanufacturer toproveitsaccuracy and describe expected voltage output. Some sensors are calibrated individually, while others are manufactured to a standard sensitivity value (plus or minus some tolerance), whichisprovidedinthedevicespecifications. l Sensor lab calibration: If the manufacturer's calibration is not available or outdated, calibration of the sensor can be performed with calibrated equipment in a controlled environment.Thecalibrationequipmentandprocesswilltypicallybetraceabletoanindustry standard,suchasNISTorASTMintheUnitedStates.Fixedloadsareappliedtothesensor while the sensor output is recorded. The load is applied or measured by a calibrated referencedevice.Theknownloadvaluefromthecalibrateddeviceisthenplottedagainstthe measured output of the sensor to determine the calibration slope and offset. In SensorConnect this can be accomplished by taking sensor readings while applying the knownloads. Sensorwiring,tolerancesinsystemelectronics,anddifferencesinmountingtechniquesareexamples of systemic variables that can influence the sensor readings. Sensors that are making small measurements or are otherwise sensitive to these slight differences may benefit from a system calibration. Thefollowingtechniquesaresystemcalibrations: l System shunt calibration (internal and external): This option is only available for Wheatstone bridge-type sensors (such as strain gauges) in SensorConnect. In the shunt calibrationprocess,aninternalorexternalprecisionresistorisusedtoloadpartofthesensor bridge while the sensor remains unloaded. The bridge output is measured and used as a loaded calibration point for the sensor. In addition to the no-load value it can be used to derive the calibration slope and offset. The internal shunt resistor is suitable for most applications,howeveranexternalshuntmaybebeneficialinhighgainscenarios. l System field calibration: The field calibration is a similar methodology to the sensor lab calibration.Knownloadsareappliedtothesensorwhilethesensoroutputisrecorded. The load is applied or measured by a reference device. In this scenario, the sensor may be installedinfinalfieldconfiguration,andtheloadmaybeappliedwiththeactualstimulusthat

V-Link®-200 UserManual thesensorwillbemonitoring.Theknownloadvaluefromthereferencedeviceisthenplotted against the measured output of the sensor to determine the calibration slope and offset. In SensorConnect this can be accomplished by taking sensors readings while applying the knownloads.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.1.1 EXAMPLE: InternalShunt Calibration

NODE: V-Link-200,18bit(262144A/Dvalues) CHANNEL TYPE: differentialanaloginput,0to5Vdcinputrange SENSOR TYPE:straingauge,WheatstoneBridge,fullbridgeconfiguration SENSOR PARAMETERS:applicationvoltagerange:+/-2mV Thisistheexpectedoutputvoltageofthestraingaugebasedontherangeofstrainbeingmeasured intheapplicationandthesensitivityofthegauge(volts/strain). DESIRED OUTPUT: engineeringunits,microstrain PROCEDURE: 1. Open SensorConnect and establish communication with the gateway and node. (See SystemOperationonpage14 ). 2. SelectHardware>InputRangeforchannel1,select+/-2mVfromthedropdownmenu. 3. UnderHardwareOffset,selectBalanceTargetforchannel1,selectMid(50%)fromthedrop downmenu. 4. Select Auto-Balance. When auto-balance is complete, a blue information window will indicatethebalanceresult. Figure 38 - Auto-Balance

V-Link®-200 UserManual 5. SelectCalibration. 6. SelectMicrostrainfromtheUnitdropdownmenu,selecttheShuntCalbuttonenabledonthe right. Figure 39 - Node Configuration Menu 7. Usethefollowingsettings: a. CalibrationMode: IseitherInternal(usingtheshuntresistorontheV-Link-200) orExternal(usinganexternalshuntresistor). Forthisexample,CalibrationModeissetto:Internal b. Number ofActiveGauges: Typicallyfull-bridgeis4,half-bridgeis2,andquarter- bridgeis1. Forthisexample,NumberofActiveGaugesis:4 c. GaugeFactor: Isaspecificationfromthegauge. Forthisexample,GaugeFactoris:2 d. GaugeResistance: Isaspecificationfromthegauge. Forthisexample,GaugeResistanceis:1000 e. ShuntResistance: 499000 8. SelectStartShuntCalforSlopeandOffsetcalibrations. 9. SelectAcceptCalibration.

V-Link®-200 UserManual Figure 40 - Channel Settings 10. Whenthecalibrationiscomplete,theWirelessNodeConfigurationwindowwillappear. 11. SelectApplyConfigurationtowritetonodememory.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.1.2 Calibration Lab or Field

The lab and field calibrations use similar methodology. See Sensor Calibration on page 51. The primary difference is the traceability and calibration environment. Lab calibrations are performed in controlled environments with traceable equipment and procedures. Field calibrations are more improvised, although calibrated equipment can still be used to improve accuracy. NODE: V-Link-200, 18 bit (262144 A/D values) CHANNEL TYPE: differential analog input, 0 to 5 V dc input range SENSOR TYPE: load cell SENSOR PARAMETERS: application voltage range: +/-2 mV This is the expected output voltage of the sensor based on the range of force being measured in the application and the sensitivity of the sensor (V/engineering units) DESIRED OUTPUT: engineering units (EU), force (lbs) PROCEDURE: 1. OpenSensorConnectandestablishcommunicationwiththegatewayandnode( SeeSystem Operationonpage14 ). 2. SelectHardware>InputRangeforchannelone,select+/-2mVfromthedropdownmenu. 3. Under Hardware Offset, select Balance Target for channel one, select Mid (50%) from the dropdownmenu. 4. Select Auto-Balance. When auto-balance is complete, a blue information window will indicatethebalanceresult. Figure 41 - Auto-Balance

V-Link®-200 UserManual 5. SelectCalibration. 6. Use thefollowingsettings: a. Slope:1 b. Offset:0 c. Units: Bits 7. Select ApplyConfiguration. When the settingshave been applied, a green pop up window willconfirmtheprocessiscomplete. Figure 42 - Node Configuration Menu

V-Link®-200 UserManual 15. SelectApplyConfigurationtosavethevaluesselected. 16. Collectdataagainwithnoloadonthesensor. 17. Observethevalueinthestreamgraph.Ifthevalueisnotatzero,returntotheWirelessNode Configurationmenu,andadjusttheoffsetbyincreasingordecreasingthevalue. 18. Oncetheoffsethasbeenzeroed,verifythecalibrationbyapplyingknownloadsonthesensor throughouttheloadrange,observingandverifyingthemeasurementinengineeringunits.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.1.3 Manufacturer Calibration

NODE: V-Link-200,18bit(262144A/Dvalues) CHANNEL TYPE: differentialanaloginput,0to5Vdcinputrange SENSOR TYPE:pressuretransducer,voltageoutput,positivegoing SENSOR PARAMETERS: Fromthemanufacturercalibrationsheetincludedwiththesensor; sensorrange:0-250psi sensorzeroloadoutput:0.0032Vdc sensorfullscaleoutput(FSO)with10Vexcitation:86.07mV Fromtheapplicationparameters; sensorexcitationinapplication:scaledto4.096V DESIRED OUTPUT: engineeringunits(EU),psi CALCULATIONS: Because the sensor will be powered from the node with 4.096 V, and the sensor manufacturer calibrated it a 10 V, the manufacturer full scale output (FSO) value needs to be scaled to 3V. (4.096 V/10 V) * 86.07 mV = 35.25 mV Select a gain and offset scale value appropriate for the sensor. (See Differential Input Gain and Offset on page 67). The closest gain setting that accommodates 35.25 mV is +/- 39.0 mV. Using a lesser value would exceed the input voltage capacity of the node when the sensor is at higher pressures. For more information about gain values and associated input ranges, See This table lists the gain settings available on the V-Link-200 differential input channels. The scaled input range is the approximate signal range of a sensor that would work with that gain, without considering the offset setting. on page 68 Multiply the sensor FSO by the gain setting to get the sensor voltage after amplification. For this example, the range is 39.0 mV for a gain of 64. 64 * 35.25 mV = 2.256 V

V-Link®-200 UserManual Scalethe(gained)sensorinputvoltage/EUratiotothenodeinputvoltage/EUratiotodeterminethe equivalentnodeFSOvalue( x). 2.256V/250psi=4.096V/x (250psi*4.096V)/2.256V=x=453.9psi ThenodeconvertsvoltageinputstoA/D values.For an18-bitnode,thereare262144A/D values overthe4.096Vinputrange.DividethenodeEUFSObytheA/Dvaluetogettheratio,orslope,of EUtoA/Dvalue. 453.9psi/262144bits=0.00173=slope Once the slope is entered, the sensor offset value can be measured in a data sampling session, suchasstreaming.Samplethesensorchannelwithnoloadapplied,andreadtheEU value.Enter thisasanegativevaluefortheoffsetinordertohaveitsubtractedfromreadings.

7.2 Sensor ConversionValues

In order to report accurate readings, many sensors require calibration. Calibration coefficientsnormalizethesensoroutputtoaknownreferencedeviceandareoftenexpressed in the measurement unit conversion values; the only difference being the use of a traceable reference. Calibration can be used to account for the variations between individual sensors, wiring,systemelectronics,sensormountingandenvironmentalconditions. The conversion values include the slope, offset, gain, scale, and formula for converting the sensor A/D value (bits) to engineering units. The bits are the digital representation of the sensor voltage output. The type of sensor, channel, and desired engineering units determine what conversion values are available. The conversion values are entered through SensorConnect and saved in the node memory for the applicable channel. Conversion values for the V-Link-200 are determined mathematically from the sensor sensitivity specifications, from the sensor manufacturer calibration data, or through a calibration process. Calibration incorporates coefficients that normalize the sensor output to a known reference device in order to guarantee accuracy of the sensor readings, especially when making small or precise measurements. See Sensor Calibration on page 51 for more information. Not all sensors require calibration.

V-Link®-200 UserManual Conversion Formula:The conversion formula assumesa linear relationship between the original units (such as volts or A/D bits) and new engineering units (such as strain), and it is expressed mathematicallyas y=mx+b, whereyistheengineeringunitsat agivenpoint (measurement), mis theslopeofthelinethatrepresentsthelinearratio, xistheoriginalunitvalueatagivenpoint,and b isaunitconversionoffset(inthecaseofunitconversions)orthefixedzeroloadoffsetofthesensor (in the case of measurement calibration coefficients). Negative values may be entered for any coefficient. Slope: is the linear scaling slope coefficient. The slope is the ratio of original units to new engineeringunits(EU), andit isusedtoconvert thesensor measurements. Theslopeconversion value will vary depending on the engineering units desired. For example if the original unit is A/D values (bits), and the desired engineering units are acceleration in g-force, the slope conversion woulddescribehowmanybitsequaloneunitof g-force(bits/g).Mathematically,theslopeis minthe formulay=mx+b . Figure 45 - Conversion Values Menu

V-Link®-200 UserManual Input Range(Gain):Thissetstheamplificationofthesignalwithinthenodeandisonlyavailablefor channelswithdifferentialinputsandgainamplifiers. Hardware Offset:isthelinearscalingoffsetcoefficient,anditistypicallythestartingoutputvalueof thesensorwithnoloadapplied(intheoriginalunits).Mathematically,theoffsetis biny=mx+b . Anti-AliasingFilter: Afilterappliedbeforethedigitizationoftheanalogsignal. Figure 46 - Advanced Conversion Values Menu

V-Link®-200 UserManual Offset Scale(withAutoBalance):Thisfeatureisonlyavailableforchannelswithdifferentialinputs, andassignsthepositionandvalueofthenoloadmeasurementofthesensor. Theoffsetscalelevel adjusts the operating window of the sensor measurements in reference to the entire range. For example, in mid scale the sensor no load measurement will be placed in the middle of the range, providing50%oftherangeforpositivereadingsand50%oftherangefornegativereadings.Once thescalelevelisselected,theAutoBalanceprocedureisusedtoassigntheactualsensorno-load measurementtothedesignatedscale. l Lowisforpositive-goingsignals(zeroat25%oftotalrange). l Highisfornegative-goingsignals(zeroat75%oftotalrange). l Midscaleisforpositiveandnegative-goingsignals (zeroat50%ofrange). Figure 47 - Offset Scale Setting

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.2.1 Calculating a Linear Slope

A data analysis tool such as Microsoft Excel can be used determine the slope of a linear relationship between sensor output A/D value (bits) a nd engineering units. This is not a calibration unless a calibrated reference device is used to measure the applied loads. For information and examples for determining calibrations coefficientssee Sensor Calibration on page 51. Here is an example, using Excel: 1. Openablankspreadsheet. 2. EntertheA/Dvalue(bits)measurementsandappliedloadinthedesiredengineeringunitsin twocolumns.EnterA/Dvalueintheleftcolumn( x-axisvalue)andtheappliedloadintheright (y-axisvalue). 3. FromtheInsertmenu,selectChart>Scatter.Selectthepreferredformat. Figure 48 - Generate a Scatter Chart

V-Link®-200 UserManual

7.2.2 DifferentialInput GainandOffset

The combination of the gain, offset, and sensor signal cannot exceed the 0 to 5 V dc input of the analogtodigitalconverterwithinthenode. Resolution: Applying gain to the sensor signal can be used to maximize the measurement resolution.Themoreoftherangethatisused,themoredigitalcountsareavailabletomeasure the signal, which typically means higher resolution measurements. Limitations to the gain adjustmentarethesensor'smeasurementcapabilitiesandthe0to5Vinputrangeofthenode. The signal produced after gain is applied to the sensor at full scale must not exceed the input rangeofthenode. Offset Scale: The scale setting positions the no-load measurement of the connected sensor withinthe0to5Vrangeofthenodeinput.TherangeofA/Dcountsthatcorrespondswiththe0 to5Vnodeinputdependsontheresolutionofthenode. An18-bitnodewillhaveafullscalebit rangeof262144. Amid-rangesettingpositionsthebaselineoffsetinthemiddleoftherange(2.5 Vorfullscalebits*1/2)andisusedforsensorswithnegativeandpositivegoingsignals.Thelow- range setting positions the baseline offset in the bottom quarter range (1.25 V or full scale bits*1/4) and is used for sensors with mostly positive going signals. The high-range setting positionsthebaselineoffsetinthetopquarter oftherange(3.75V or fullscalebits*3/4) andis usedformostlynegativegoingsignals. Figure 51 - Differential Input Resolution and Offset (18-bit Node)

V-Link®-200 UserManual This table lists the gain settings available on the V-Link-200 differential input channels. The scaled input range is the approximate signal range of a sensor that would work with that gain, without consideringtheoffsetsetting. Gain Scaledinputrange 16 +/-156 mV 32 +/-78.1 mV 64 +/-39.0 mV 128 +/-19.5 mV 256 +/-9.76 mV 512 +/-4.88 mV 1024 +/-2.44 mV 2048 +/-1.22 mV Table8- Differential GainValues CoefficientsforConversiontoVolts: Slope=5.12/(2^18*gain) Offset=-(5.0/(2*gain))(assumingbalancetomid-scaleisperfect)

V-Link®-200 UserManual

8.1 PoweringtheNode

Thenodecanbepoweredwitheithertheinternalbatteryoranexternalsourcewithinthe7.5to36Vdc range. Apply only the input voltage range specified for the . Failure to do so could result in personal injury and permanent damage to the (see Safety Information on page 91). The V-Link-200 is susceptible to damage and/or disruption of normal operation from Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). ESD may cause the device to reset, which may require user interventiontocontinuedataacquisition. The electronics within the node are sensitive to moisture and static. Donottouchtheinternalcircuitryor exposetoliquids. Verifythenode powerswitchisOFFbeforeservicing.

8.2 Using the Internal N ode Battery

The node is powered by four non-rechargeable, replaceable 3.6 V dc, 2.4 Ah, AA lithium batteries. If the node will not power, the batteries may need to be replaced. For more information on replacing the batteriesSee Replacing Batteries on page 91. Node battery life is highly dependent on the type of sensor connected, as well as operational parameters such as sample mode and rate. More active channels and higher sample rates equate to decreased battery life.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

8.3 ConnectinganExternalPower Supply

Apply only the input voltage range specified for the . Failure to do so could result in personal injury and permanent damage to the (see Safety Information on page 91). The node may be directly powered by a regulated AC to DC power supply with the appropriate output parameters, see Operating Specifications on page 88). It can also be powered by an external battery or other regulated DC supply. The supply must deliver a stable voltage between 7.5 to 36 V dc and be capable of sourcing at least 100 mA. External power is applied through the terminal block connector. Observe connection polarities, or the node may be damaged. Figure 52 - External Power Connection

V-Link®-200 UserManual 9. Troubleshooting

9.1 TroubleshootingGuide

V-Link®-200 UserManual Possiblecauseandrecommendedsolution 1.POWER gateway or nodedoes notturnon 1.1nodeor gateway power is off The status indicator LED on the device may be off. Turn the deviceon,andthestatusindicatorLEDshouldilluminate. 1.2wrongpower supply or voltage Using a power supply other than the one specified for the device (or an external supply that is outside of the device operating range) could result in permanent damage to the deviceorcauseittonotworkproperly. 1.3nodebattery is dead Ifthenodewillnotpower on,thenodebatterymayneedtobe replaced. 1.4sensors aredrawingtoomuchcurrent Thenodebatterycanonlysupplyalimitedamountofpowerto theconnectedsensors. Ifanover-currentconditionoccurs,the node will shut down. This may occur if the sensors are wired wrong. 1.5 node or gateway is damaged If all power settings and connections have been verified, and the node is still unresponsive, contact LORD Sensing Technical Support (See Technical Support on page 81). 2.COMMUNICATION nocommunicationtothe gateway or node 2.1nodeor gateway has nopower Verify the node and gateway have power applied and that applicable power switches are on. Power is indicated on both devicesbyastatusindicatorLED. 2.2gateway has nocommunicationwiththecomputer Verifygatewaycommunicationinthesoftware.Check,remove, and reconnect communications and power cables as applicable. 2.3nodecannotbeconfigured Observe the node status indicator LED to determine the device's state: boot, idle, sample, or sleep. If the node is sampling or sleeping, it cannot be configured. In SensorConnect, execute the Set to Idle command to put the nodeinidlestate,allowingconfigurationtooccur. If the user inactivity timeout is set very low, the configuration menuwillhavetobeenteredquickly,beforethetimeoutoccurs, puttingthenodebackinasampleorsleepstate. 2.4nodeis outofrange Perform a bench test with the node in close proximity to the gateway to verify they are operational. For range test and installation recommendations See Range Test on page 35. The system has been tested to operate with the node and gatewayupto2kmapartwithclearlineofsight.

V-Link®-200 UserManual Possiblecauseandrecommendedsolution 2.5nodeis notinnormal bootmode If the node statusindicator showsthe node booting in a mode otherthanthenormalbootmode,itcanbebypassedbycycling thenodepowerrapidlythreetimes,thenleavingitonfornormal power up. In normal boot mode the communication can be established with automatic node discovery (or manually) once thebootprocessiscompleteandthenodeisinidlestate.Start- upmodecanthenbechangedinthesoftware. 2.6nodeis sampling Observe the node status indicator LED to determine the device's state: boot, idle, active, or sleep. If the node is sampling, it cannot be configured. In SensorConnect, execute the Set to Idle command to put the node in idle state, allowing configurationtooccur. 2.7nodeis sleeping ObservethenodestatusindicatorLEDtodeterminewhatstate itis:boot,idle,active,orsleep.Ifthenodeissleeping,itcannot be configured. In SensorConnect, execute the Set to Idle commandtoputthenodeinidlestate,allowingconfigurationto occur. 2.8 gateway or node is damaged Verify all connections, power, and settings. If available, try installing alternate nodes and gateways one at a time to see if the faulty device can be identified. If no conclusion can be determined or to send a device in for repair, contact LORD Sensing Technical Support (See Technical Support on page 81). 3.DATA ACQUISITION sensor datais missing or incorrect 3.1nocommunicationtonodeor gateway Verifyconnectionsandpower tothenodeandgateway.Verify they are powered on and communicating with the software. Enter a configuration menu to verify that the node can be accessed. 3.2samplingsettings areincorrect If the sampling mode, rate, or duration are not performing as expected, enter the node configuration menu, and verify the samplingsettings. 3.3samplinghas notstarted If sampling is occurring, the sampling mode will be displayed next to the node name in SensorConnect. The node device statusindicatorwillalsobeflashingthesamplingmodecode.If the node is not sampling, activate it in the software or with a sampleonstartupbootsequence. 3.4sensor is notconnectedcorrectly Verify sensors connections and wiring. For non-standard

V-Link®-200 UserManual Possiblecauseandrecommendedsolution connections contact LORD Sensing Technical Support (See Technical Support on page 81). 3.5sensor channel notconfiguredcorrectly Verifythatthesensor isconfiguredonthecorrectchanneland hasbeenenabledfordataacquisition. 3.6sensor calibrationis invalid

V-Link®-200 UserManual

9.2 Using the Node Tester Board

The node tester board is used to verify node and network functions before sensors are connected, or for diagnostic purposes. The node tester board is used only on differential input channels, and provides a fixed load so system functions can be verified including basic operations not related to the sensor, such as communication and sampling. A fixed load is applied to the differential input by pressing the load button. There are various impedance value node tester boards available, depending on the node it is being used with. See Wireless Equipment on page 83 for configuration options and part numbers. Each is configurable to emulate full, half and quarter bridge strain gauges. Table 9 - Tester Board Configuration describes the strain gauge load settings available. This setting must match the type of node channel that is being tested. For example if the node is a quarter-bridge node, the setting on the tester board must be the same. The configuration chart is also printed on the underside of the board. NOTE Theswitchesmaycomewithaprotectivefilmcoveringthem. Simplypeelthefilmoffto accesstheswitches. Configuration SW1 position SW2 position SW3 position SW4 position FullBridge ON ON ON OFF HalfBridge ON OFF OFF OFF QuarterBridge OFF OFF OFF ON Table9- Tester BoardConfiguration

V-Link®-200 UserManual The following steps describe an example of how to use the tester board to sequence through the primary functions of the node and the wireless system. If the results indicated in the final steps are achieved,thesystemisfullyoperationalformeasuringafullbridgestraingauge. Otherscenarioscan betestedasneeded. 1. SetthejumpersforFullBridgeoperation,usingasmallflatheadscrewdrivertofullypushthe switchintothedesiredposition. 2. Verifythenodeispoweredoffandunplugged. 3. Plugthenodetesterboardintothenode Channel 1position. Figure 53 - Node Tester Board Installation 4. If not already completed, set up the Wireless Sensor Network equipment and install the SensorConnect software.SeeSystemOperationonpage14 . 5. Launch the SensorConnect software, and establish communications with the gateway and node.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 11. Usethefollowingsettings: a. CalibrationMode: Internal b. Number ofActiveGauges: 4 c. GaugeFactor: 2 d. GaugeResistance: 1000 e. ShuntResistance: 499000 12. SelectStartShuntCalforSlopeandOffsetcalibrations. 13. SelectAcceptCalibration. Figure 56 - Channel Settings 14. Whenthecalibrationiscomplete,theWirelessNodeConfigurationwindowwillappear. 15. SelectApplyConfigurationtowritetonodememory. 16. In the Wireless Node Configuration window, select the Node heading and then select Sampling. 17. FromtheWirelessNetworkmenu,selectthedropdownmenuforchannel1underSampling >uncheckContinuousstreaming,andcheckFortoselectadurationof+/-10secondsusing thearrowstotherightofthebox,orbytypingthenumber10inthebox. (thesystemwillauto setto10.15625). 18. SelectApplyandStartNetwork.

V-Link®-200 UserManual Figure 57 - Node Sampling Menu 19. As soon as Apply and Start Network is selected, the node will start collecting data for a durationof +/-10seconds. Duringthat time, pressandreleasetheloadbuttononthenode tester boardtoshunttheresistiveloadonandoff. Verifytheresultisasshowninthefigure below.Thepulsevalueshouldequaltesterboardohmvalue. Testingiscomplete. Figure 58 - Node Tester Output Stream

9.3 Updating Node Firmware

Under the recommendation of LORD Sensing Technical Support Engineers, nodes can be upgraded to the latest available firmware to take advantage of new features or correct operating issues. SensorConnect version 5.0.0 or greater can be used to update any mXRS or LXRS node or gateway firmware to the most current version. Updates are found on the LORD Sensing website. See Technical Support on page 81 for contact and website information. 1. DownloadtheFirmwareUpgradefilefromtheLORDSensingwebsite.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 2. Once downloaded, extract the contents of the .zip file into a folder on the computer. Verify thereisafilewitha.zhexextension. 3. Launch SensorConnect, and establish communication between the node and gateway as normal. 4. Select the Node address > Upgrade Firmware > select Browse > select the Firmware Upgradefile>StartUpgrade

V-Link®-200 UserManual

9.4 Repair andCalibration

In order to return any LORD Sensing product, you must contact LORD Sensing Sales or Technical Support to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorizationnumber(RMA). Allreturnedmerchandisemustbeintheoriginal packaging including manuals, accessories, cables, etc. with the RMA number clearly printed on the outside of the package. Removable batteries should be removed and packaged in separate protective wrapping. Please provide the LORD Sensing model number and serial number as well as your name, organization, shipping address, telephone number, and email. Normal turn- aroundforRMAitemsissevendaysfromreceiptofitembyLORDSensing. Warranty Repairs LORD Sensing warrants its products to be free from defective material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the original date of purchase. LORD Sensing will repair or replace, at its discretion, a defective product if returned to LORD Sensing within the warrantyperiod. Thiswarrantydoesnot extend to any LORD Sensing products which have been subject to misuse, alteration, neglect, accident, incorrect wiring, mis-programming, or use in violationofoperatinginstructionsfurnishedbyus.Italsodoesnotextendtoany units altered or repaired for warranty defect by anyone other than LORD Sensing. Non-Warranty Repairs All non-warranty repairs/replacements include a minimum charge. If the repair/replacement charge exceeds the minimum, LORD Sensing will contact the customer for approval to proceed beyond the minimum with the repair/replacement. Technical Support There are many resources for product support found on the LORD Sensing website, including technicalnotes,FAQs,andproductmanuals. http://www.microstrain.com/support/documentation For further assistance our technical support engineers are available to help with technical and applicationsquestions. TechnicalSupport

V-Link®-200 UserManual sensing_support@LORD.com Phone: 802-862-6629 Fax: 802-863-4093 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time US & Canada) SKYPE: microstrain.wireless.support Live Chat is available from the website during business hours: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time US & Canada)

9.5 Maintenance

The replaceable batteries are the only user serviceable parts in the V-Link-200. For instructions on how to change the batteries, See Replacing Batteries on page 91. For other service or repair needs contact LORD Sensing Technical Support (see Technical Support on page 81).

V-Link®-200 UserManual 10. Wireless Equipment

10.1 StandardNodes

Forthemostcurrentproductinformation,custom,andOEMoptionsnotlistedbelow,refertotheLORD SensingwebsiteorcontacttheLORDSensingSalesDepartment. ModelNumber Description LORDSensing PartNumber V-Link-200 l Fourdifferentialchannels l Foursingleendedchannels l Internaltemperaturesensor 6312-2000 ConfigurationOptions (Requiredfor use.Specify attimeoforder) l Full-bridgeconfiguration ononeormoredifferentialchannels. l 120Ω, 350Ω or 1000Ω half-bridgecompletionononeormoredifferentialchannels. l 120Ω, 350Ω or 1000Ω quarter-bridgecompletionononeormoredifferentialchannels. l Highg-force option.Nodeoperatesingravitationalforcesinexcessof550g.

10.2 Node Accessories

The following parts are available for use with the V-Link-200. For the most current product information, custom, and OEM options not listed below, refer to the LORD Sensing website or contact the LORD Sensing Sales Department See Product Ordering on page 85 Description LORDSensingPart Number 120Ωnode testerboard 3042-0062 350ΩNode testerboard 3042-0061 1KΩNode testerboard 3042-0060 LithiumAAcellbattery2.4 Ah capacity 9021-0034 Standard whip antenna (FCC compliant) 9010-0048 Table10- NodeAccessories

V-Link®-200 UserManual

10.3 Recommended Sensors

Many sensors can be used with the V-Link-200. The following sensors are supported for use with the V-Link-200 and are available from LORD. For help with other sensor applications, see Technical Support on page 81. Model Description LORDSensing PartNumber ACCEL TRIAX-50 TriaxialAccelerometer,+/-50g 6402-0320 ACCEL-TRIAX-100 TriaxialAccelerometer,+/-100g 6402-0120 ACCEL-TRIAX-200 TriaxialAccelerometer,+/-200g 6402-0220 ACCEL-TRIAX-500 TriaxialAccelerometer,+/-500g 6402-0420 Table11- LORD SensingSensors

V-Link®-200 UserManual

10.4 WirelessSystem Equipment

The following system partsare available for use with the V-Link-200. For the most current standard, custom,andOEMproductoptions,refertotheLORD SensingwebsiteorcontacttheLORD Sensing SalesDepartment. Model Description LORDSensing PartNumber -- SensorConnectSoftware 8220-0023 WSDA-2000 USB&Ethernet-based Gateway 6314-2000 WSDA-200-USB USBGateway 6307-2040 WSDA-BASE-101 Analog OutputGateway 6307-1010 WSDA-BASE-102 RS232 SerialOutputGateway 6307-1020 WSDA-BASE-102-SK RS232 GatewayStarterKit. 6307-1021 WSDA-BASE-101-SK Analog GatewayStarterKit 6307-1011 -- Replacement USBcable 9022-0029 -- USBGatewaycable extender 6307-0900 -- Replacementserialcable 4005-0005 G-Link-200 WirelessAccelerometerNode variousmodels G-Link-LXRS WirelessAccelerometerNode variousmodels SG-Link-LXRS Wireless2-ChannelAnalog InputSensor Node variousmodels SG-Link-OEM Wireless2-ChannelAnalog InputSensor Node variousmodels V-Link-200 Wireless8 ChannelAnalog InputSensor Node variousmodels V-Link-LXRS Wireless7-ChannelAnalog InputSensor Node variousmodels TC-Link-LXRS WirelessThermocouple Node variousmodels DVRT-Link-LXRS WirelessDisplacementSensorNode variousmodels IEPE-Link-LXRS WirelessIEPE AccelerometerNode variousmodels Table12- Wireless System Equipment

V-Link®-200 UserManual Product Ordering Productscan be ordered directlyfrom the LORD Sensing website by navigating to the product page andusingtheBuyfeature. http://www.microstrain.com/wireless Forfurtherassistance,oursalesteamisavailabletohelpwithproductselection,orderingoptions,and questions. Sales Support sensing_sales@LORD.com Phone:802-862-6629 Fax:802-863-4093 9:00AMto5:00PM(EasternTimeUS&Canada)

V-Link®-200 UserManual 11. Specifications

11.1 PhysicalSpecifications

Dimensions: 128.8mmx82.5mmx31.0mm Weight: 283grams(withbatteries),217(without batteries) EnclosureEnvironmental Rating: Generalpurposeindoor IP67/NEMA4X EnclosureDimensions: 177.8mmx127mmx152.4mm Mounting: 4x#8-32UNC-2B Weight: 1347.5grams(with3D-cellbatteries)

V-Link®-200 UserManual

11.2 OperatingSpecifications

Sensorinputchannels Differentialanalog, 4channels Single-endedanalog,4channels Integratedsensors Internaltemperature, 1channel Datastoragecapacity 16MBytes(5+milliondatapoints) Selectablemeasurementranges Differential:±1.22mVdcto156mVdc Single-ended:±2.56Vdc,±5.12Vdc,±10.24Vdc,0to 5.12Vdc,0to10.24Vdc Single-endedinputimpedance 1Mohm Differential:+/-1.22mVto+/-156mVdc Inputbandwidth DC-4000Hz(-3dBcutoff) ADCResolution 18bit Accuracy Noise ±0.02%fullscale Temperaturestability <0.1%fullscaleovertemperaturerange Anti-aliasingfilter DifferentialInputs:128Hz to 4kHz,2ndorder ButterworthSingle-endedInputs:-3dBat15kHz IntegratedTemperatureChannel Measurementrange -40°Cto85°C Accuracy ±1°C(at25°C)typical Resolution 0.1°C Sampling Samplingmodes Synchronized,lowdutycycle,datalogging,event- triggered Samplingrates Continuoussampling:1sample/hourto4KHz * Periodicburstsampling:32Hzto8KHz * Sampleratestability ±5ppm Networkcapacity Upto127 nodesperRFchanneldependingonsettings. See: http://www.microstrain.com/configure- your-system Synchronizationbetweennodes ±50μsec OperatingParameters Wirelesscommunicationrange Outdoor/line-of-sight:1.5km( ideal),800m(typical) Indoor/obstructions:250m(typical) Radiofrequency(RF)transceiver carrier License-free 2.405to2.480GHzwith16channels RFcommunicationprotocol IEEE802.15.4,FSK/GMSK RFtransmitpower User-adjustablefrom0dBmto20dBm.Poweroutput restrictedregionallytooperatewithinlegalrequirements RFreceivesensitivity -99.4dBm RFtransmissionrate 250kbps Powersource Internal:+6.0to+18.9Vdc-(4)3.6Vdc,2.4AhLithium batteries External:+7.5to36.0Vdc Operatingtemperature -40°Cto+85°C Accelerationlimit 100g PhysicalSpecifications Dimensions 129mmx82.5mmx31mm Weight 283grams(withbatteries),217grams(withoutbatteries) Environmentalrating Indooruse Enclosurematerial Moldedpolycarbonate Integration Mounting BoltdownorDIN-railmount Compatiblegateways AllWSDAbasestationsandgateways Software SensorCloud, SensorConnect™,Windows7(ornewer) Softwaredevelopmentkit(SDK) Open-sourceMicroStrainCommunicationsLibrary (MSCL)withsamplecodeavailableinC++,Python,and .NETformats88

V-Link®-200 UserManual Parameter Specifications Regulatorycompliance FCC(U.S.),IC (Canada),MIC(Japan),CE(European Union),ROHS *Divide maximum rate bynumber ofactive channels**Line ofsightwith antenna at3 meters

11.3 RadioSpecifications

The V-Link-200 employs a 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio transceiver for wireless communication. The radio is a direct-sequence spread spectrum radio and can be configured to standard, these frequencies are aliased as channels 11 through 26. For all newly manufactured nodes,thedefaultsettingis2.425GHz(channel15). Forstandardmodels,radiatedtransmitpowerisprogrammablefrom4dBm( 2.5mW)to16dBm(40 mW). A low-transmitpower optionisavailable(for useinEuropeandelsewhere) andislimitedto10 dBm(10mW). FCC ID:XJQMSLINK0004 V-Link-200 This device complies with Part 15 of the United States FCC Rules, and Industry Canada’s license-exemptRSSs.Operationissubjecttothefollowingtwoconditions:1)Thisdevicemay not cause interference, and 2) This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Changes or modifications, including antenna changes not expressly approved by LORD Corporation could void the user’sauthoritytooperatetheequipment. Cet appareilest conforme à la Partie 15 desRèglesde la FCC desÉtats-Uniset auxRSSS exempts de licence d'Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes: 1) Cet appareil ne doit pas causer d'interférences et 2) Cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence, y compris les interférences pouvant entraîner un fonctionnement indésirable de l'appareil. Les changements ou modifications, y compris les changements d'antenne non expressément approuvés par LORD Corporation, pourraient annuler l'autorisationdel'utilisateurd'utiliserl'équipement.

11.4 FrequencySetting

l ThegatewaycanautomaticallymanagenodesoperatingondifferentfrequenciesbyusingtheNode DiscoveryfeatureinSensorConnect.Inthisroutine,thegatewaylistensfornodebroadcastsonthe frequency channel to which it is set. If the node is in normal boot-up mode, it will provide the

V-Link®-200 UserManual broadcastwhenitisinitiallypowered-on,anditwillbroadcastonallchannels.Aslongasthenodeis powered-onafteractivatingtheNodeDiscoveryfeature,thegatewaywilllinktoitandrememberthe channelsettingforfuturenodequeries. l Manually matchingthenodeandgateway frequency channels is requiredinsomeapplications. For example, when sending broadcast messages from the gateway to multiple nodes (including the synchronizedsamplingbeacon)all nodes must beonthesamechannel as thegateway inorderto receivethebroadcast.Assigningchannelsisalsoagoodideawhenmultiplegatewaysareattached to one host computer or when other wireless equipment is nearby and frequency or transmission interferencemayoccur.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 12. Safety Information This section provides a summary of general safety precautions that must be understood and applied during operation and maintenance of components in the LORD Sensing Wireless Sensor Network. Throughout the manual, ANSI Z535 standard safety symbols are used to indicate a process or componentthatrequirescautionarymeasures.

12.1 ReplacingBatteries

1. RemovethescrewsonbothsidesofthefaceplatetoopentheV-Link-200. 2. Itis importanttoreplaceall four ofthebatteries atthesametime ,observingthecorrectpolarity orientation.Thepositivepolaritiesareindicatedonthebatteriesandthenodebya"+"symbol. 3. Reassemble. Figure 59 - Replace Batteries

12.2 BatteryHazards

The V-Link-200 contains internal, non-rechargeable lithium batteries. Lithium batteriesare a fire and explosion hazard. Do not store or operate thenodeattemperaturesabove212°F(100°C). Donotdisassemble,short circuit,crush,puncture,orotherwisemisusethebattery. Lithium batteries contain toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans and the environment. Disposal is subject to federal and local laws. Do not discardthebatteryorthenodeinthetrash. Follow properbatterydisposal protocol, or contact LORD Sensing Technical Support for information on extracting the battery or returning the product for proper recycling and disposal.

V-Link®-200 UserManual

12.3 Power Supply

ApplyonlytheinputvoltagerangespecifiedfortheV-Link-200. Connectto a power source that is near the device, is accessible, and adheres to all nationalwiringstandards.Compliancewithwiringstandardsisassumedin the installation of the power source and includes protection against excessivecurrents,shortcircuits,andgroundfaults.Failuretodosocould resultinpersonalinjuryandpermanentdamagetothedevice.

12.4 DisposalandRecycling

The V-Link®-200 contains internal batteries, printed circuit boards, and electronic components. These items are known to contain toxic chemicals and heavy metals that are harmful to humans health and the environment. Disposal is subject to federaland locallaws. Do not discard the device or batteriesin the trash. Follow proper electronic and battery waste disposal protocol, as dictated by federal and local authorities. Some stateshaveprogramsforextractingreusablepartsforrecycling.

V-Link®-200 UserManual 13. References

13.1 RelatedDocuments

Many references are available on the LORD Sensing website including product user manuals, technical notes, and quick start guides. These documents are continuously updated, and new applicationsareadded.Theymayprovidemoreaccurateinformationthanprintedorfilecopies. Document Wheretofindit OnlineWirelessNetworkCalculator http://sensorcloud.com/?onlyCalc=true SensorCloud Overview http://www.sensorcloud.com/ SensorCloudPricing http://sensorcloud.com/pricing MathEngine®Overview http://www.sensorcloud.com/mathengine SensorConnectOverview&Download http://www.microstrain.com/software/sensorconnect LORDSensingWirelessSensorsNetwork SoftwareDevelopmentKit https://github.com/LORD-MicroStrain/SensorCloud ProductDatasheets http://www.microstrain.com/wireless/sensors ProductManualsandTechnicalNotes http://www.microstrain.com/support/documentation ProductApplicationNotes http://www.microstrain.com/applications NISTCalibrationProcedures http://www.nist.gov/calibrations/ ASTMTestingProcedures http://www.astm.org/Standard/standards-and- publications.html Table13- RelatedDocuments

V-Link®-200 UserManual 14. Glossary Thesetermsareincommonusethroughoutthemanual: A/D Value:the digitalrepresentation of the analog voltagesin an analog-to-digital(A/D) conversion. The accuracy of the conversion is dependent on the resolution of the system electronics; higher resolutionproducesamoreaccurateconversion.Alsoreferredtoas"bits". Base Station:The base station is the transceiver that attaches to the host computer and provides communicationbetweenthesoftwareandthenode(s).Itisalsoreferredtoasagateway. Burst Sampling: amodeofoperationinwhichthenodeissampledforafixedwindowoftime(burst) and then repeats that window at set intervals. The burst duration and time between bursts is configurable.Alsoreferredtoasperiodicburstsampling. Calibration: to standardize a measurement by determining the deviation standard and applying a correction(orcalibration)factor Configuration: a general term applied to the node indicating how it is set up for data acquisition. It includes settings such as sampling mode/rate, number of active channels, channel measurement settings,offsets,hardwaregain,andcalibrationvalues. Continuous Sampling:amodeofoperationinwhichthenodeissampledcontinuouslyuntilstoppedor sampledcontinuouslyforafixedamountoftime Coordinated Universal Time (UTC):theprimarytimestandardforworldclocksandtime.Itissimilar toGreenwichMeanTime(GMT). Cycle Power:acommandtransmittedtothenodetorebootit either throughahardwareor software switch DataAcquisition: theprocessofcollectingdatafromsensorsandotherdevices DataLogging: theprocessofsavingacquireddatatothesystemmemory,eitherlocallyonthenodeor remotelyonthehostcomputer DHCP (network):DynamicHostConfigurationProtocolisthestandardizednetworkingprotocolused on Internet Protocol (IP) networks, which automatically configures devices that are attached to it by assigningandconfiguringthedeviceIPaddress. EMI: Electromagnetic Interference is an inductive or radiated disturbance that can create signal degradationonelectricalsignals,includinglossofdata.

V-Link®-200 UserManual ESD: Electrostatic Discharge is the sudden flow of electricity that can occur between two charged objectsofdifferentpotentialthatcomeincontactorincloseproximityofeachother.Staticelectricityisa commonsourceofESD. Event-Based Sampling: a mode of operation in which the node sampling is started when a sensor measurementvalue(threshold)isachieved Firmware: the code that is programmed onto a microcontroller or similar device in an embedded system.Itincludesdeviceoperationcommands,conditions,memoryallocation,andmanyothertasks. Gateway: The gateway is a transceiver that attaches to the host computer and provides communicationbetweenthesoftwareandthenode(s).Itisalsoknownasabasestation. Host (computer): The host computer isthe computer that orchestratescommand and controlof the attacheddevicesornetworks. LED: LightEmittingDiodeisanindicatorlightthatisusedinelectronicequipment. LOS (Line of Sight): is used in radio communications to describe the ideal condition between transmittingandreceivingantennasinaradionetwork. Asstateditmeanstheantennaeareinviewof eachotherwithnoobstructions. LXRS: Lossless Extended Range Synchronized is the proprietary LORD Sensing data communicationsprotocolusedinthewirelesssensornetwork. Node: The node is the wireless transceiver to which the sensor(s) is connected, providing communicationwiththegateway. TheG-Link ®-LXRS®,V-Link®-LXRS®,andSG-Link ®-LXRS®are examplesofnodesmanufacturedbyLORDMicroStrain ®. Node Tester Board:Thenodetester boardisadevicedesignedbyLORD MicroStrain ® thatcanbe pluggedintonodestotesttheirfunctionality. Offset: Whendescribingamathematically-linearrelationship,theoffsetisthevaluewherethelinethat representstherelationshipinagraphcrossesthe y-axis. Theequationofastraightlineis: y= mx+b, wherexisthex-axiscoordinate, yisthey-axiscoordinate, mistheslopeand bistheoffset. Oversampling: In signal processing, oversampling is a technique used to achieve increased signal resolutionandbetternoiseimmunitybyrecordingreadingsatahigherfrequencythantheoutputofthe device being measured. In analog-to-digital conversion, the higher the oversampling rate, the better therecreatedanalogsignal. Packet: unitofsampleddata

V-Link®-200 UserManual Periodic Burst Sampling: a mode of operation in which the node is sampled for a fixed window of time(burst)andthenrepeatsthatwindowatsetintervals.Theburstdurationandtimebetweenbursts isconfigurable.Alsoreferredtoasburstsampling. Ping: a byte transmitted by the gateway to the node. The node responds by echoing the byte, indicatingcommunicationexistsbetweenthenodeandgateway. Range Test:a continuous string of pings used to validate communication between the gateway and thenodeoverdistanceandobstruction Real TimeClock (RTC):acomputerclockthatkeepstrackofthecurrenttime RFI: Radio Frequency Interference is a disturbance in an electrical circuit due to electromagnetic inductionorradiation. RSSI: Received Signal Strength Indication is a measurement of the transmission power in a radio signal.Itismeasuredindecibelswithreferenceto1milliWatt(dBm). RS232: aserialdatacommunicationsprotocol Sensor:adevicethatphysicallyorchemicallyreactstoenvironmentalforcesandconditions,producing apredictableelectricalsignal Sleep:acommandtransmittedtothenodetoputitintosleepconfiguration Sampling: theprocessoftakingmeasurementsfromasensorordevice Sampling Mode: the type of sampling that is being utilized, such as event-triggered, continuous, or periodic. Thenodeshaveseveralsamplingmodesthatemploythesetypesofsampling. SamplingRate: thefrequencyofsampling Slope:Whendescribingamathematicallylinearrelationship,theslopeisthesteepnessofthelinethat representsthatrelationshiponagraph. Theequationofastraightlineis: y= mx+b,where xisthex- axiscoordinate,yisthey-axiscoordinate, mistheslope,and bistheoffset. Streaming: Streaming is a sampling mode in which all active channels (and the sensors attached to them)aremeasured,andtheacquireddataistransmittedtothegatewayandsoftware.Thedataisnot written to non-volatile memoryduring streaming. Streaming can either be finite (have a user defined startandendtime)orcontinuous(continueduntilthepoweriscycledonthenode). Synchronized Sampling: asamplingmodethatautomaticallycoordinatesallincomingnodedatatoa particulargateway.Thismodeisdesignedtoensuredataarrivalandsequence.

V-Link®-200 UserManual Transmission rate: the number of data packets per transmission window, measured in seconds. Dependingonthesamplingmodeandsettingsitwillbebetween1and64packets/second. Transmission window: the time allowed for one data transmission at the automatically determined transmissionrate USB:UniversalSerialBusisaserialdatacommunicationsprotocol WSN: Wireless Sensor Network describes a distribution of sensors and data acquisition equipment thatautonomouslymonitorsenvironmentalcharacteristics,suchastemperature,pressure,andstrain.