AAT3140 ANALOGICTECH

Document overview

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Technical content

Features

  • V IN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V
  • Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for Maximum Efficiency and VF Coverage
  • Drives Low-V F and High-VF Type LEDs
  • Up to 4, 30mA Outputs
  • 32-Position Logarithmic Scale with Digital Control
  • Low Noise Constant Frequency Operation
  • 1MHz Switching Frequency
  • AutoBias Technology
  • Small Application Circuit
  • Regulated Output Current
  • Automatic Soft Start
  • No Inductors Q < 1µA in Shutdown
  • 12-Pin TSOPJW Package

Applications

  • Color (RGB) Lighting
  • Programmable Current Sources
  • White LED Backlighting
  • White Photo Flash for DSCs Typical Application CIN 1µF VBATTERY CCP 1µF EN/SET 1µF 1µF D3 D2 D1 VIN CP C1+ C1- C2+ C2- EN/SET GND AAT3140

(Top View) C2+ CP C1- C1+ C2- GND IN EN/SET Pin # Symbol Function 1 C2+ Flying capacitor 2 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C2+ and C2-. 2 CP Charge pump output. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. 3 C1- Flying capacitor 1 negative terminal. 4 C1+ Flying capacitor 1 positive terminal. Connect a 1µF capacitor between C1+ and C1-. 5 D3 Current source output #3. 6 D2 Current source output #2. 7 D4 Current source output #4. 8 D1 Current source output #1. 9 EN/SET S 2Cwire serial interface control pin. 10 IN Input power supply. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between this pin and ground. 11 GND Ground. 12 C2- Flying capacitor 2 negative terminal. AAT3140 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 2 3140.2005.03.1.1

Symbol Description Value Units PD Maximum Power Dissipation3, 4 625 mW θJA Thermal Resistance3 160 °C/W Symbol Description Value Units VIN Input Voltage -0.3 to 6 V VEN/SET EN/SET to GND Voltage -0.3 to V IN + 0.3 V IOUT

2 Maximum DC Output Current 150 mA

TJ Operating Junction Temperature Range -40 to 150 °C AAT3140 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 3 1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at condi- tions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Based on long-term current density limitation. 3. Mounted on an FR4 board. 4. Derate 6.25mW/°C above 25°C.

Electrical Characteristics1 CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T A = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V. Symbol Description Conditions Min Typ Max Units Input Power Supply VIN Operation Range 2.7 5.5 V Icc Operating Current VD1:D4 = 2.0V, CP = 1X 550 µA No Load Current, CP = 1.5X 3 5 mA ISHDN Shutdown Current V IN = 3.5V, EN/SET = 0 1 µA IDX Output Current Accuracy2 VIN = 3.5V, TA = 25°C -10 10 % I(D-Match) Current Matching3 VD1:D4 = 3.6V, VIN = 3.5V -3 ±0.5 3 % ηCP Charge Pump Section Efficiency V IN = 3.5V, IOUT(TOTAL)= 120mA, 93 % Measured from IN to CP Charge Pump Section TSS Soft-Start Time 50 µs FCLK Clock Frequency 1 MHz EN/SET VEN(L) Enable Threshold Low V IN = 2.7V 0.4 V VEN(H) Enable Threshold High V IN = 5.5V 1.4 V TEN/SET LO EN/SET Low Time 0.3 75 µs TEN/SET HI MIN Minimum EN/SET High Time 50 ns TEN/SET HI MAX Maximum EN/SET High Time 75 µs TOFF EN/SET Off Timeout 500 µs TLAT EN/SET Latch Timeout 500 µs IEN/SET EN/SET Input Leakage V EN/SET = 5.5V, VIN = 5.5V -1 1 µA AAT3140 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 4 3140.2005.03.1.1 1. The AAT3140 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40°C to +85°C operating temperature range and is assu red by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Codes 2-7 are guaranteed to be within +/-15% of stated current level. 3. Current matching is defined as I (D-Match) = (ID - IAVE)/IAVE.

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 5 Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.5V, CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Input Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) 100 Code 32Code 28 Code 26 Efficiency vs. VIN Efficiency vs. VIN Input Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) 100 Code 32Code 28 Code 26 Input Voltage (V) Efficiency (%) 100 Efficiency vs. VIN (Code 26) 3.5VF 3.0VF

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 6 3140.2005.03.1.1 Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.5V, CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Turn-Off from Full-Scale 2X Mode 100µµs/div EN/SET (2V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (200mA/div) Turn-On to 1.5X Mode (4x30mA Load) 100µµs/div EN/SET (2V/div) V CP (4V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (100mA/div) Turn-On to 1.5X Mode (4x19mA Load) 100µµs/div EN/SET (2V/div) V CP (4V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (100mA/div) Turn-On to 1X Mode (4x30mA Load) 100µµs/div EN/SET (2V/div) V CP (4V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (100mA/div) Turn-On to 1X Mode (4x19mA Load) 100µµs/div EN/SET (2V/div) V CP (4V/div) VDIODE (2V/div) IIN (100mA/div)

VIN = 3.5V, CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Load Switch to Charge Pump (1.5X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 2ms/div VIN (1V/div) VCP (4V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) Load Switch to Charge Pump (1.5X Mode, 4x19mA Load) 2ms/div VIN (1V/div) VCP (4V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) Charge Pump to Load Switch (2X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 5ms/div VIN (500mV/div) VCP (1V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) Charge Pump to Load Switch (2X Mode, 4x19mA Load) 5ms/div VIN (500mV/div) VCP (1V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) Charge Pump to Load Switch (1.5X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 5ms/div VIN (500mV/div) VCP (1V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) Charge Pump to Load Switch (1.5X Mode, 4x19mA Load) 5ms/div VIN (500mV/div) VCP (1V/div) VDIODE (500mV/div) IIN (50mA/div) AAT3140 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 7

VIN = 3.5V, CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Load Characteristics (1.5X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 1µµs/div VF (20mV/div) IIN (10mA/div) VCP (20mV/div) Load Characteristics (1.5X Mode, 4x15mA Load) 1µµs/div VF (20mV/div) IIN (10mA/div) VCP (20mV/div) Line Response (1.5X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 1ms/div VIN (0.5V/div) VLED (20mV/div) VCP (0.5V/div) ID (10mA/div) Line Response (1.5X Mode, 4x19mA Load) 1ms/div VIN (0.5V/div) VLED (20mV/div) VCP (0.5V/div) ID (10mA/div) Line Response (1X Mode, 4x30mA Load) 1ms/div VIN (0.5V/div) VLED (20mV/div) VCP (0.5V/div) ID (10mA/div) Line Response (1X Mode, 4x19mA Load) 1ms/div VIN (0.5V/div) VLED (20mV/div) VCP (0.5V/div) ID (10mA/div) AAT3140 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 8 3140.2005.03.1.1

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 9 Typical Characteristics VIN = 3.5V, CIN = CCP = C1 = C2 = 1µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. VIH and VIL vs. VIN Input Voltage (V) 0.600 0.625 0.650 0.675 0.700 0.725 0.750 0.775 0.800 0.825 0.850 VIH VIL Input Voltage (V) IDIODE (mA) Diode Current vs. Input Voltage (30mA, 15mA Settings) VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.4V Input Voltage (V) IIN (mA) Input Current vs. Input Voltage (4x30mA) 100 150 200 250 300 VDIODE = 3.0V VDIODE = 3.4V Input Voltage (V) IIN (mA) Input Current vs. Input Voltage (4x10mA) VDIODE = 3.4V VDIODE = 3.0V

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 10 3140.2005.03.1.1 Functional Block Diagram 1.5X Charge Pump Soft-Start Control 1MHz Oscillator Voltage Reference 32 x 8 bit ROM C1+ C1- C2+ C2- CP GND EN/SET VIN S2Cwire Interface D/A D/A D/A D/A Functional Description The AAT3140 is a tri-mode load switch (1X) and high-efficiency (1.5X or 2X) charge pump device intended for white LED backlight applications. To maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on each constant current source output and sets the load switch and charge pump modes based on the input battery voltage and the current source output voltage. As the battery discharges over time, the AAT3140 charge pump is enabled when any of the four current source outputs nears dropout. The charge pump initially starts in 1.5X mode. If the charge pump output drops enough for any current source output to become close to dropout, the charge pump will automatically transition to 2X mode. AutoBias Technology Each of the four current source outputs is inde- pendently switched between the battery input (1X) or the charge pump output (1.5X or 2X), depending on the voltage at the current source output. Since the LED-to-LED forward voltage (V F) can vary as much as 1 volt, this function significantly enhances overall device efficiency when the battery input voltage level is greater than the voltage required at any current source output. The AAT3140 requires only four external compo- nents: two 1µF ceramic capacitors for the charge pump flying capacitors (C1 and C2), one 1µF ceramic input capacitor (C IN), and one 0.33µF to 1µF ceramic charge pump output capacitor (C CP). The four constant current outputs (D1 to D4) drive four individual LEDs with a maximum current of 30mA each. The EN/SET S 2Cwire serial interface enables the AAT3140 and sets the current source magnitudes.

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 11 Applications Information Constant Current Output Level Settings The constant current source amplitudes for D1 to D4 are set via the serial interface according to a loga- rithmic scale where each code is 1dB greater than the previous code. In this manner, LED brightness appears linear with each increasing code count. Because the outputs D1 to D4 are true independent constant current sources, the voltage observed on any single given output will be determined by the actual forward voltage (V F) for the LED being driven. Since the output current of the AAT3140 is pro- grammable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to manage LED or display brightness, allowing the user to "set it and forget it." With its high-speed serial interface (1MHz data rate), the output current of the AAT3140 can be changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs, in smooth transitions (e.g., to fade-out) or in abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness. The individual current level settings are each approximately 1dB apart for settings above Code 8 (see Current Level Settings below). The current level settings below Code 8 are more than 1dB apart and serve the needs for transmissive dis- plays and other low-current applications. Constant Current Source Output Nominal Programming Levels (mA) IOUT (typ) I OUT (typ) I OUT (typ) I OUT (typ) Code (mA) Code (mA) Code (mA) Code (mA) 1 0.0 9 2.0 17 5.1 25 13 2 0.1 10 2.2 18 5.6 26 15 3 0.2 11 2.5 19 6 27 17 4 0.4 12 2.8 20 7 28 19 5 0.5 13 3.2 21 8 29 21 6 0.7 14 3.5 22 9 30 24 7 1.1 15 4.0 23 10 31 27 8 1.8 16 4.5 24 12 32 30 Normalized Current Level Settings 0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Code Current (mA)

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 12 3140.2005.03.1.1 S2Cwire Serial Interface The current source output magnitude is controlled by the EN/SET pin, using AnalogicTech's Simple Serial Control (S 2Cwire) interface. The interface records rising edges of the EN/SET pin, and decodes them into 32 individual current level set- tings with Code1 reserved for no current. Once EN/SET has been held in the logic high state for time T LAT, the programmed current is seen at the current source outputs, and the internal data regis- ter is reset to 0. For subsequent current level pro- gramming, the number of rising edges correspon- ding to the desired code must be entered on the EN/SET pin. When EN/SET is held low for an amount of time greater than T OFF, the AAT3140 enters into shut- down mode and draws less than 1µA from VIN. The internal data register is reset to 0 during shutdown. S2Cwire Serial Interface Timing EN/SET 2 n-1 n <= 32 Data Reg 0n 0 THI TLO TLAT TOFF LED Selection The AAT3140 is specifically intended for driving white LEDs. However, the device design will allow the AAT3140 to drive most types of LEDs with for- ward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to 4.3V. LED applications may include main and sub- LCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash appli- cations, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for remotes, and other loads benefiting from a controlled output-current generated from a varying input-volt- age. Since the D1 to D4 output current sources are matched with negligible voltage dependence, the LED brightness will be matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage (V F) levels. In some instances (e.g., in high-luminous-output applications such as photo-flash), it may be neces- sary to drive high-V F type LEDs. The low-dropout current-sources in the AAT3140 make it capable of driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.3V at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V. Outputs can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication. Termination of Unused Current Source Outputs If any outputs (D1 to D4) are not used, they should be terminated by connecting the respective unused output directly to ground. This is required to assure correct charge pump mode operation. If a given unused output is not terminated to ground, it will appear to the respective output’s feedback control as an infinite impedance load and the unused con- stant current source will be set for a maximum volt- age. Although no current flows from the unused current source, the voltage sensed at that node could force the charge pump control to activate the charge pump when it is not necessary. To prevent this effect, simply connect the unused constant current source outputs to ground. Device Switching Noise Performance The AAT3140 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit har- monics that can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone handsets or other communication

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 13 devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-to-peak, typi- cally ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT3140 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with in-rush currents during start up of the charge pump circuit. Power Efficiency and Device Evaluation The charge pump efficiency discussion in the follow- ing sections only accounts for efficiency of the charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit architecture and design of the AAT3140, it is very dif- ficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent value comparing input power over output power. Since the AAT3140 outputs are pure constant cur- rent sources and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult to measure the output voltage for a given output (D1 to D4) to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward voltage levels can differ, yet the out- put drive current will be maintained as a constant. This makes quantifying output power a difficult task when taken in the context of comparing to other white LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify total device efficiency is to observe the total input power to the device for a given LED current drive level. The best white LED driver for a given applica- tion should be based on trade-offs of size, external component count, reliability, operating range, and total energy usage...not just "% efficiency." The AAT3140 efficiency may be quantified under very specific conditions and is dependent upon the input voltage versus the output voltage seen across the loads applied to outputs D1 through D4 for a given constant current setting. Depending upon the case of V IN being greater than the specific voltage seen across the loads on D1 through D4, the device will operate in "Load Switch" mode. If the voltage seen on the constant current source output is less than V IN, then the device will operate in 1.5X or 2X charge pump mode. Each of these modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to the following two sections for explanations of each operational mode. Load Switch Mode Efficiency The AAT3140 load switch mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when the condition exists where V IN is greater than voltage across the load connected to the constant current source outputs. When in load switch mode, the voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power: The expression to define the ideal efficiency ( η) can be rewritten as: -or- Charge Pump Section Efficiency The AAT3140 contains a fractional charge pump which will boost the input supply voltage in the event where V IN is less than the voltage required on the constant current source outputs. The effi- ciency (η) can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and one half or two times the input voltage. Efficiency ( η) for an ideal 1.5X charge pump can typically be expressed as the output power divided by the input power: η = POUT PIN η(%) = 100 VOUT VIN η = POUT = VOUT × IOUT = VOUT PIN VIN × IOUT VIN η = POUT PIN

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 14 3140.2005.03.1.1 In addition, with an ideal 1.5X charge pump, the output current may be expressed as 2/3 of the input current. The expression to define the ideal efficiency (η) can be rewritten as: -or- For a charge pump with an output of 5 volts and a nominal input of 3.5 volts, the theoretical efficiency is 95%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficien- cy can be measured at 93%. These figures are in close agreement for output load conditions from 1mA to 100mA. Efficiency will decrease as load current drops below 0.05mA or when the level of V IN approaches V OUT. Refer to the Typical Characteristics section for measured plots of effi- ciency versus input voltage and output load current for the given charge pump output voltage options. Capacitor Selection Careful selection of the four external capacitors CIN, C1, C2, and C OUT is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient per- formance. Optimum performance will be obtained when low equivalent series resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mΩ. A value of 1µF for all four capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors. If the LED current sources are only programmed for light current levels, then the capacitor size may be decreased. Capacitor Characteristics Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recom- mended over all other types of capacitors for use with the AAT3140. Ceramic capacitors offer many advan- tages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically has very low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help maximize charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection damage. Equivalent Series Resistance ESR is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal con- nections, size or area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Ceramic Capacitor Materials Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or COG materials. NPO and COG materials typically have tight tolerance and are stable over temperature. Large capacitor values are typi- cally composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors, typically greater than 2.2µF, are often available in low-cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors greater than 1µF are typically not required for AAT3140 applications. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size. Thermal Protection The AAT3140 has a thermal protection circuit that will shut down the charge pump if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit, as is the case during a short circuit of the CP pin. Charge Pump Compatibility The four-output AAT3140 is pin-compatible with the AAT3123, AAT3132, and AAT3113 in TSOPJW-12 packages. The AAT3140 offers an improved overall efficiency, wider operating range, and the ability to drive high-V F type LEDs at full current. The AAT3140 is well suited for battery-powered appli- cations using single-cell lithium-ion/polymer batter- ies and 3-series connected dry cells (3.6V). η(%) = 100 VOUT 1.5VIN η = POUT = VOUT × IOUT = VOUT PIN VIN × 1.5IOUT 1.5VIN

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 3140.2005.03.1.1 15

Ordering Information

Package Information

All dimensions in millimeters. 0.20 + 0.10 - 0.05 0.055 ± 0.045 0.45 ± 0.15 7° NOM 4° ± 4° 3.00 ± 0.10 2.40 ± 0.10 2.85 ± 0.20 0.15 ± 0.05 0.9625 ± 0.0375 1.00 + 0.10 - 0.065

0.04 REF

0.010 2.75 ± 0.25 Package Marking 1 Part Number (Tape and Reel)2 TSOPJW-12 KZXYY AAT3140ITP-T1 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on all part numbers listed in BOLD.

High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications 16 3140.2005.03.1.1 Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. 830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech pr oduct. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service wi thout notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of l iability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accorda nce with AnalogicTech’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific tes ting of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed.