A4970

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The A4970 motor driver drives both windings of a bipolar stepper motor or bidirectionally controls two DC motors. Both bridges are capable of sustaining 45 V and include internal pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of the output current to 750 mA. For PWM current control, the maximum output current is determined by user selection of a reference voltage and sensing resistor. Two logic-level inputs select output current limits of 0%, 33%, 67%, or 100% of the maximum level. A PHASE input to each bridge determines load current direction. Intrinsic diodes in the MOSFET output structure protect against inductive transients. Internally generated delays prevent crossover currents when switching current direction. Special power-up sequencing is not required. Thermal protection circuitry disables the outputs if the chip temperature exceeds safe operating limits. The device is supplied in a 24-pin surface-mount wide SOIC with two pairs of batwing leads (LB). The webbed-pin construction provides for maximum package power dissipation in the smallest possible construction. The package is lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin leadframe plating. A4970CDS, Rev. 1 Features and Benefits ▪ 750 mA continuous output current ▪ 45 V output sustaining voltage ▪ Internal clamp diodes ▪ Internal PWM current control ▪ Low output saturation voltage ▪ Internal thermal shutdown circuitry ▪ Pin compatible with UDx2916 ▪ DMOS outputs Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver Not to scale A4970 PWM Current-Control Circuitry VREF VBB M SENSE ONE Divide by 1, 1.5, or 3 SHOT SOURCE DISABLE RC w10 E OUTA OUTB Channel 1 pin numbers shown. RC RS RT CC CT 1417 Package: 24-pin batwing wide SOIC (package LB)

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 2Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.

115 Northeast Cutoff

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. Selection Guide Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Units Motor Supply Voltage V BB 45 V Logic Supply Voltage V CC 6.0 V Input Voltage V IN I0x, I1x, PHASEx pins –0.3 to 6.0 V Reference Input Voltage V REF VREF pin –0.3 to 8.0 V Output Emitter Voltage V E 750 mV Sense Voltage V SENSE 750 mV Output Current* I OUT Peak Output current rating may be limited by duty cycle, ambient temperature, and heat sinking. Under any set of conditions, do not exceed the specified current rating or T J(max) 1.0 A Continuous 750 mA Package Power Dissipation P D See graph — W Operating Ambient Temperature T A Range G –40 to 105 ºC Range S –20 to 85 ºC Maximum Junction Temperature T J(max) 150 ºC Storage Temperature T stg –55 to 150 ºC Part Number Package Packing Ambient Temperature (°C) A4970GLBTR-T 24-pin batwing SOICW 1000 per reel –40 to 105 A4970SLBTR-T 24-pin batwing SOICW 1000 per reel –20 to 85

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 3Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. 50 75 100 125 150 ALLOWABLE PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION IN WATTS TEMPERATURE IN °C R = 6.0°C/W R = 55°C/W* JT JA *Measured on a single-layer board, with 1 sq. in. of 2 oz copper area. For additional information, refer to the Allegro Web site. Pin-out Diagram Power Dissipation VBB GROUND GROUND 2BOUT SENSE 2 2AOUT 1AOUT SENSE 1 1BOUT 01 I LOAD SUPPLY1 GROUND GROUND 02 I 12 I PHASE 2 VREF 2 2RC VCC 1RC VREF 1 PHASE 1 11 I LOGIC SUPPLY PWM 2PWM 1 θ 1 θ 2

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 4Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Valid at TA = 25°C, TJ ≤ 150°C, VBB = 45 V, VCC = 4.75 to 5.25 V, VREF = 5.0 V, unless otherwise noted Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Output Drivers (OUTA or OUTB) Motor Supply Range V BB 7.45 – 45 V Output Leakage Current I CEX I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, VOUT = 45.0 V – < 1.0 50 μA VOUT = 0.0 V – < –1.0 –50 μA Output MOSFET On Resistance R DS(on) Sink Driver, IOUT = 750 mA – 0.3 0.75 Ω Source Driver, IOUT = –750 mA – 1.0 1.85 Ω Clamp Diode Leakage Current I R VR = 45 V – < 1.0 50 μA Clamp Diode Forward Voltage V F IF = 750 mA – 0.95 2 V Driver Supply Current IBB(ON) Both bridges on, I0 = I1 = 0.8 V, no load – 5 10 mA IBB(OFF) Both bridges off, I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, no load – 3 7.5 mA Control Logic Input Voltage VIN(1) All inputs 2.4 – – V VIN(0) All inputs – – 0.8 V Input Current I IN(1) VIN = 2.4 V – <1.0 20 μA VIN = 0.8 V – – 3.0 –200 μA Reference Voltage Range V REF Operating 1.5 – 7.5 V Reference Input Current I REF VREF = 7.5 V – – 150 μA Current Limit Threshold VREF/ VSENSE I0 = I1 = 0.8 V 9.5 10 10.5 – I0 = 2.4 V, I1 = 0.8 V 13.5 15 16.5 – I0 = 0.8 V, I1 = 2.4 V 25.5 30 34.5 – Thermal Shutdown Temperature T J – 170 – °C Total Logic Supply Current ICC(ON) I0 = I1 = 0.8 V, no load – 3.0 7.5 mA ICC(OFF) I0 = I1 = 2.4 V, no load – 3.5 7.5 mA Fixed Off-Time t off RT = 56 kΩ, CT = 820 pF 42 46 50 μs VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Threshold VCCUVLO VCC rising – 4 – V VCC Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Threshold VCCUVLOHYS – 200 – mV

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 5Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. APPLICATIONS INFORMATION PWM CURRENT CONTROL The A4970 dual bridges drive both windings of a bipolar stepper motor. Output current is sensed and controlled independently in each bridge by an external sense resistor, R S , internal comparator, and monostable multivibrator. When the bridge is turned on, current increases in the motor winding and it is sensed by the external sense resistor until the sense voltage, V SENSE , reaches the level set at the comparator input: ITRIP = VREF/10 RS The comparator then triggers the monostable, which turns off the source driver of the bridge. The actual load current peak will be slightly higher than the trip point (especially for low-inductance loads) because of the internal logic and switching delays. This delay, t d , is typically 2 μs. After turn-off, the motor current decays, circulating through the ground-clamp diode and sink transistor. The source driver off-time (and therefore the magnitude of the current decrease) is determined by the external RC timing components of the monostable: t off = RTCT where: RT = 20 to 100 kΩ, and CT = 100 to 1000 pF. The fi xed off-time should be short enough to keep the current chopping above the audible range (< 46 μs) and long enough to properly regulate the current. Because only slow-decay current control is available, short off times (< 10 μs) require additional efforts to ensure proper current regulation. Factors that can negatively affect the ability to properly regulate the current when using short off times include: higher motor-supply voltage, light load, and longer than necessary blank time. When the source driver is re-enabled, the winding current (the sense voltage) is again allowed to rise to the comparator’s threshold. This cycle repeats itself, maintaining the average motor winding current at the desired level. Loads with high distributed capacitances may result in high turn- on current peaks. This peak (appearing across R S) will attempt to trip the comparator, resulting in erroneous current control or high-frequency oscillations. An external R CCC time delay should be used to further delay the action of the comparator. The time constant for the delay to produce suitable blank time can be estimated using: RCCC = 0.0114 × RTCT This equation assumes that the current control loop duty cycle is greater than 5% and the voltage on the SENSE pin will reach 99% of the target value set for V SENSE. These assumptions will apply to the majority of applications and can be regarded as a starting value for further optimization by calculation or waveform measurement. Depending on load type, many applications will not require these external components (SENSE connected to E). PWM OUTPUT CURRENT WAVE FORM LOAD CURRENT PATHS Dwg. WM-003-1A V PHASE I OUT td toff I TRIP RS BBV Bridge On Source Off, Slow Decay All Off, Fast Decay

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 6Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. LOGIC CONTROL OF OUTPUT CURRENT Two logic level inputs (I0 and I1) allow digital selection of the motor winding current at 100%, 67%, 33%, or 0% of the maximum level per the table. The 0% output current condition turns off all drivers in the bridge and can be used as an OUTPUT ENABLE function. CURRENT-CONTROL TRUTH TABLE l 0 I 1 Output Current L L V REF/10 RS = ITRIP H L V REF/15 RS = 2/3 ITRIP L H V REF/30 RS = 1/3 ITRIP H H 0 These logic level inputs greatly enhance the implementation of microprocessor controlled drive formats. During half-step operations, the I0 and I1 allow the microprocessor to control the motor at a constant torque between all positions in an eight-step se- TYPICAL APPLICATION quence. This is accomplished by digitally selecting 100% drive current when only one phase is on and 67% drive current when two phases are on. Logic highs on both I 0 and I1 turn-off all drivers to allow rapid current decay when switching phases. This helps to ensure proper motor operation at high step rates. The logic control inputs can also be used to select a reduced current level (and reduced power dissipation) for "hold" conditions and/or increased current (and available torque) for start-up condi- tions. GENERAL The PHASE input to each bridge determines the direction motor winding current fl ows. An in- ternally generated dead time (approximately 2 μs) prevents crossover currents that can occur when switching the PHASE input. All four drivers in the bridge output can be turned-off between steps (I 0 = I1 ≥ 2.4 V), result- ing in a fast current decay through the internal output clamp and fl yback diodes. The fast current decay is desirable in half-step and high-speed ap- plications. The PHASE, I 0,and I1 inputs fl oat high. Varying the reference voltage, VREF , pro- vides continuous control of the peak load current for micro-stepping applications. Thermal protection circuitry turns-off all drivers when the junction temperature reaches +170°C. It is only intended to protect the device from failures due to excessive junction tempera- ture and should not imply that output short circuits are permitted. The output drivers are re-enabled when the junction temperature cools to +145°C. The A4970 output drivers are optimized for 500 mA operating current. Under normal operat- ing conditions, when combined with the excellent thermal properties of the package designs, this allows continuous operation of both bridges simul- taneously at 500 mA. FROM μP FROM μP VREF VREF +5 V STEPPER MOTOR RS RC CC RSRC CC VBB CT 820 pF56 k7 RT CT 820 pF56 k7 RT VBB VCC PWM 2PWM 1 θ 1 θ 2 TRUTH TABLE PHASE OUT A OUT B H H L L L H

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 7Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. Current Sensing To minimize current sensing inaccuracies caused by ground trace IR drops, each current-sensing resistor should have a separate return to the ground terminal of the device. For low-value sense resistors, the IR drops in the PCB can be signifi cant and should be taken into account. The use of sockets should be avoided as their contact resistance can cause variations in the effective value of R Generally, larger values of RS reduce the aforementioned effects but can result in excessive heating and power loss in the sense resistor. The selected value of R S should not cause the maximum operating voltage of 0.75 V (VREF(max)/10), for the VE terminal, to be exceeded. The recommended value of RS is in the range of: RS = 0.50 / ITRIP(max) . If desired, the reference input voltage can be fi ltered by placing a capacitor from VREF to ground. The ground return for this capacitor as well as the bottom of any resistor divider used should be independent of the high-current power-ground trace to avoid changes in VREF due to IR drops. Thermal Considerations For normal operation it is recommended that the maximum operating junction temperature be 145°C, which is below the operating range of the TSD system. The junction temperature can be measured best by attaching a thermocouple to the batwing of the device and measuring the tab temperature, T TAB. The junction temperature can then be approximated by using the formula: TJ = TTAB + (2 × ILOAD × VF × RθJT) , where VF can be chosen from the electrical specifi cation table for the given level of ILOAD. The value for RθJT is approximately 6°C/W. The power dissipation of the batwing package can be improved 20% to 30% by adding a section of printed circuit board copper (typically 6 to 18 square centimeters) connected to the batwing terminals of the device. The thermal performance in applications that run at high load currents, high duty cycles, or both, can be improved by adding external diodes from each output to ground in parallel with the internal diodes. Fast-recovery (≤200 ns) diodes should be used to minimize switching losses. Load Supply Terminal The load supply terminal, VBB, should be decoupled with an electrolytic capacitor (≥47 μF is recommended), placed as close to the device as is physically practical. To minimize the effect of system ground IR drops on the logic and reference input signals, the system ground should have a low-resistance return to the load supply voltage. Fixed Off-Time Selection With increasing values of t OFF, switching losses decrease, low- level load current regulation improves, EMI reduces, PWM frequency decreases, and ripple current increases. The value of t OFF can be chosen for optimization of these parameters. For applications where audible noise is a concern, typical values of t OFF should be chosen in the range of 15 to 35 μs. APPLICATION NOTES

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 8Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. Package LB, 24-pin SOICW External batwings, Pins 6, 7, 18, and 19 are fused internally 1.27 B Reference pad layout (reference IPC SOIC127P1030X265-24M) All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances B 0.20 ±0.10 0.41 ±0.10 2.20 0.65 9.60 1.27 A 15.40±0.20

2.65 MAX

PLANEC0.10 24X For Reference Only External batwings, Pins 6, 7, 18, and 19 are fused internally (Reference JEDEC MS-013 AD) Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Terminal #1 mark area 0.25 GAUGE PLANE SEATING PLANE PCB Layout Reference View 4° ±4 0.27 +0.07 –0.06 0.84 +0.44 –0.43

Dual Full-Bridge Motor DriverA4970 9Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A. Copyright ©2009-2011, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such de par tures from the detail spec i fi ca tions as may be required to per- mit improvements in the per for mance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. The in for ma tion in clud ed herein is believed to be ac cu rate and reliable. How ev er, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no re spon si bil i ty for its use; nor for any in fringe ment of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com

Revision History

Revision Revision Date Description of Revision Rev. 1 December 19, 2011 Add G temperature range