A2557ELB ALLEGRO

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Data Sheet29317.16F 2557 PROTECTED QUAD LOW-SIDE DRIVER WITH FAULT DETECTION & SLEEP MODE The A2557xB, A2557xEB, and A2557xLB have been specifically designed to provide cost-effective solutions to relay-driving applications with up to 300 mA drive current per channel. They may also be used for driving incandescent lamps in applications where turn-on time is not a concern. Each of the four outputs will sink 300 mA in the on state. The outputs have a minimum breakdown voltage of 60 V and a sustaining voltage of 40 V. A low-power Sleep Mode is activated with either ENABLE low or all inputs low. In this mode, the supply current drops to below 100 µA. Over-current protection for each channel has been designed into these devices and is activated at a nominal 500 mA. It protects each output from short circuits with supply voltages up to 32 V. When an output experiences a short circuit, the output current is limited at the 500 mA current clamp. In addition, foldback circuitry decreases the current limit if an excessive voltage is present across the output and assists in keeping the device within its SOA (safe operating area). An exclusive-OR circuit compares the input and output state of each driver. If either a short or open load condition is detected, a single FAULT output is turned on (active low). Similar devices, for operation to 1.3 A, are available as the UDx2547B/EB. Continuous or multiple overload conditions causing the channel tempera- ture to reach approximately 165°C will result in an additional linear decrease in the output current of the affected driver. If the fault condition is corrected, the output stage will return to its normal saturated condition. The first character of the part number suffix determines the device operating temperature range. Suffix ‘S-’ is the standard -20°C to +85°C; suffix ‘E-’ is -40°C to +85°C; suffix ‘K-’ is for the industrial temperature range of -40°C to +125°C. Package suffix ‘-B’ devices are 16-pin power DIPs; suffix ‘-EB’ devices are 28-lead power PLCCs; and suffix ‘-LB’ are 16- lead power wide-body SOICs for surface-mount applications. All packages are of batwing construction to provide for maximum package power dissipa- tion.

FEATURES

I 300 mA Output Current per Channel I Independent Over-Current Protection &Thermal Limiting for Each Driver I Output Voltage to 60 V I Output SOA Protection I Fault-Detection Circuitry for Open or Shorted Load I Low Quiescent Current Sleep Mode I Integral Output Flyback/Clamp Diodes I TTL- and 5 V CMOS-Compatible Inputs 3 14 8 9 ENABLE GROUND GROUND OUT FAULT GROUND GROUND OUT 2 OUT 1 K OUT 4 V CC IN4 Dwg. PP-017-4 IN1 IN2 IN3 A2557xLB (SOIC) Note that the A2557xB (DIP) and the A2557xLB (SOIC) are electrically identical and share a common terminal number assignment. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Over-Current Protected Output Voltage, Package Power Dissipation, Operating Temperature Range, TA Junction Temperature, Storage Temperature Range, *Outputs are current limited at approximately 500 mA per driver and junction temperature limited if higher current is attempted. Complete part number includes a suffix to identify operating temperature range (E-, K-, or S-) and package type (-B, -EB, or -LB). Always order by complete part number, e.g., A2557KLB .

& SLEEP MODE

115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036

Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-50002 Copyright © 1998, 2002 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM <<1 Ω OUT Dwg. FP-007-2 N ENABLE INN FAULT COMMON CONTROL ONE OF FOUR DRIVERS CURRENT LIMIT THERMAL LIMIT SLEEP CONTROL 30 µA 60 µA 2.5 V– K V CC A2557xEB (PLCC) GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND Dwg. PP-019-2 NO CONNECTION ENABLESUPPLY NC NC CCV OUT 1 OUT 2OUT 3 OUT 4 IN4 IN3 IN2 IN1 NO CONNECTION KFAULT 50 75 100 125 150 ALLOWABLE PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION IN WATTSTEMPERATURE IN °°°°C R = 6°C/WθJT Dwg. GP-004-2B SUFFIX 'EB', R = 36°C/WθJA SUFFIX 'B', R = 43°C/WθJA SUFFIX 'LB', R = 90°C/WθJA

& SLEEP MODE www.allegromicro.com 3 Limits Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Output Leakage Current* I CEX VO = 60 V, VI = 0.8 V, VOE = 2.0 V — 30 100 µA VO = 60 V, VI = 2.0 V, VOE = 0.8 V — <1.0 100 µA Output Sustaining Voltage V O(SUS) IO = 100 mA, VI = VOE = 0.8 V, VCC = Open 40 — — V Output Saturation Voltage V O(SAT) IO = 100 mA — 65 200 mV IO = 300 mA — 180 300 mV Over-Current Limit I OM 5 ms PulseTest, VO = 5.0 V — 500 — mA Input Voltage V IH INn or ENABLE 2.0 — — V VIL INn or ENABLE — — 0.8V Input Current I IH INn or ENABLE, VIH = 2.0 V — — 10 µA IIL INn or ENABLE, VIL = 0.8 V — — -10 µA Fault Output Leakage Current I FLT VFLT = 60 V — 4.0 15 µA VFLT = 5 V — <1.0 2.0 µA Fault Output Current I FLT VFLT = 5 V, Driver Output Open, VI = 0.8 V, VOE = 2.0 V 40 60 80 µA Fault Output Saturation Voltage V FLT(SAT) IFLT = 30 µA — 0.1 0.4 V Clamp Diode Forward Voltage V F IF = 500 mA — 1.2 1.7 V IF = 750 mA — 1.5 2.1 V Clamp Diode Leakage Current I R VR = 60 V — — 50 µA Turn-On Delay t PHL IO = 300 mA, 50% VI to 50% VO — 0.6 10 µs From Sleep, IO = 300 mA, 50% VI to 50% VO — 3.0 — µs IO = 300 mA, 50% VOE to 50% VO — 1.3 10 µs Turn-Off Delay t PLH IO = 300 mA, 50% VI to 50% VO — 2.0 10 µs IO = 300 mA, 50% VOE to 50% VO — 1.4 10 µs Total Supply Current I CC All Outputs Off — 0.075 0.1 mA Any One Output On — 12 20 mA Two Outputs On — 1830 mA Three Outputs On — 24 40 mA All Outputs On — 30 50 mA Thermal Limit T J — 165 — °C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS over operating temperature range, VCC = 4.75 V to 5.25 V Typical Data is at TA = +25°C and VCC = 5 V and is for design information only. Negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified terminal. As used here, -100 is defined as greater than +10 (absolute magnitude convention) and the minimum is implicitly zero. * Measurement includes output fault-sensing pull-down current.

& SLEEP MODE Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-50004 TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 100 Dwg. GP-064 200 400300 OUTPUT CURRENT IN MILLIAMPERES 0.3 0.2 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE IN VOLTS 0.1 VCC = 5 V TA = 125 TA = 25 TA = -40 Dwg. GP-065 20 4030 OUTPUT VOLTAGE IN VOLTS 600 500 400 300 OUTPUT CURRENT LIMIT IN MILLIAMPERES TA = +25°C VCC = 5 V 100 Dwg. GP-066-1 200 400300 OUTPUT CURRENT IN MILLIAMPERES TURN-ON DELAY IN MICROSECONDS TA = +25°C VCC = 5 V ENABLE SWITCHING IN SWITCHING (FROM SLEEP) IN SWITCHING (AWAKE) 100 Dwg. GP-066 200 400300 OUTPUT CURRENT IN MILLIAMPERES TURN-OFF DELAY IN MICROSECONDS TA = +25°C VCC = 5 V ENABLE SWITCHING IN SWITCHING

& SLEEP MODE www.allegromicro.com 5 The A2557 low-current quad power drivers provide the same protected output driver function as (and are pin compat- ible with) the UDx2543/49/59 devices, combined with a fault diagnostic scheme similar to the UDx2547, plus an automatic low-current Sleep-Mode function. These devices monitor their outputs for fault (open or shorted) conditions. For each channel the input and output levels are compared. If these are different from the expected levels then a fault condition is flagged by pulling the common FAULT output low. Status IN N ENABLE OUT N FAULT Normal Load HH L H LH H H Sleep Mode XL H H All L X H H Over-Current or Short to Supply HH R L Open Load or Short to Ground LH L L Thermal Fault H H H L R = Linear drive, current limited. The FAULT output is operational only if ENABLE is high. The output state is detected by monitoring the OUTn terminal using a comparator whose threshold is typically 2.5 V. In order to detect open-circuit outputs, a 30 µA current sink pulls the output below the comparator threshold. To ensure correct fault operation, a minimum load of approximately 1 mA is required. The fault function is disabled when in ‘sleep’ mode, i.e., FAULT goes high and the 30 µA output sinks are turned off. The FAULT output is a switched current sink of typically 60 µA. Each channel consists of a TTL/CMOS-compatible logic input gated with a common ENABLE input. A logic high at the input will provide drive to turn on the output npn switch. Each output has a current-limit circuit that limits the output current by detecting the voltage drop across a low-value internal resistor in the emitter of the output switch. If this drop reaches a threshold, then the base drive to the output switch is reduced to maintain constant current in the output. To keep the device within its safe operating area (SOA) this output current limit is further reduced CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION

  • if the power dissipation in the output device increases the local junction temperature above 165°C (nominal), so as to limit the power dissipation (and hence the local junction tempera- ture). As each channel has its own thermal limit circuitry this provides some independence between the output channels, i.e., one channel can be operating in thermally reduced current limit, while the others can provide full drive capability.
  • as a function of the output voltage. Full current limit of 500 mA (nominal) is available up to approximately V O = 8 V; above this the limit is reduced linearly to about 350 mA at VO = 32 V. This helps to improve SOA by immediately reducing the peak power pulse into a shorted load at high V O . A logic low at the ENABLE input causes all outputs to be switched off regardless of the state of the IN terminals. In addition, the device is put into a low quiescent current ‘sleep’ mode, reducing I CC below 100 µA. If ENABLE is taken high and any of the inputs go high, the circuit will ‘auto-wake-up’. However, if the device is enabled, but all inputs stay low, then the circuit remains in ‘sleep’ mode. All outputs have internal flyback diodes, with a common- cathode connection at the K terminal. Incandescent lamp driver High incandescent lamp turn-on (in-rush currents) can contribute to poor lamp reliability and destroy semiconductor lamp drivers. When an incandescent lamp is initially turned on, the cold filament is at minimum resistance and would normally allow a 10x to 12x in-rush current. Warming (parallel) or current-limiting (series) resistors protect both driver and lamp but use significant power either when the lamp is off or when the lamp is on, respectively. Lamps with steady-state current ratings up to 300 mA can be driven without the need for warming or current-limiting resistors, if lamp turn-on time is not a concern (10s of ms). With these drivers, during turn-on, the high in-rush current is sensed by the internal sense resistor, drive current to the output stage is reduced, and the output operates in a linear mode with the load current limited to approximately 500 mA. During lamp warmup, the filament resistance increases to its maximum value, the output driver goes into saturation and applies maxi- mum rated voltage to the lamp.

& SLEEP MODE Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-50006 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION (continued) Fault diagnostics A pull-up resistor or current source is required on the FAULT output. This can be connected to whatever supply level the following circuitry requires (within the specification constraints). For a 5 V supply (i.e., Vcc) 150 kΩ or greater should be used. As the fault diagnostic function is to indicate when the output state is different from the input state for any channel, the FAULT output waveform will obviously produce a pulse waveform following the combined duty-cycle of all channels showing a fault condition. There are therefore two basic approaches to using the function in an application:

  • As an interrupt in a controller-based system. If the system has a microcontroller then a FAULT low causes an interrupt, which then initiates a diagnostic sequence to find the culprit channel. This sequence usually consists of cycling through each channel one at a time, while monitoring the FAULT output. It is then easy to determine which channel has the faulty output and how it is failing (i.e., short to supply, open- circuit or short to ground). The system may then take whatever action is required, but could continue with operation of the remaining ‘good’ channels while disabling signals to the faulty channel.
  • As a simple ‘common’ fault indication. If there is no controller in the system then the FAULT output can be set to give an indication (via a lamp or LED, etc.) of a fault condition which might be anywhere on the four channels. Because the FAULT output is dependent on the states of the input and output (four possibilities) but will only indicate on two of them, the duty cycle at the FAULT output will reflect the duty cycle at the faulty channel’s input (or its inverse, depending upon fault type). In typical applications (50% duty cycles) a simple solution is to make the pull-up current on the FAULT output much less than the pull-down current (60 µA), and add a capacitor to give a time constant longer than the period of operation. For typical values, the device will produce a continuous dc output level. Component values will need to be adjusted to cope with different conditions. Inductive load driver Bifilar (unipolar) stepper motors (and other inductive loads) can be driven directly. The internal diodes prevent damage to the output transistors by suppressing the high-voltage spikes that occur when turning off an inductive load. For rapid current decay (fast turn-off speeds), the use of Zener diodes will raise the flyback voltage and improve performance. However, the peak voltage must not exceed the specified minimum sustaining voltage (V SUPPLY + VZ + VF < VO(SUS) ). Over-current conditions In the event of a shorted load, or stalled motor, the load current will attempt to increase. As described above, the drive current to the affected output stage is linearly reduced, causing the output to go linear (limiting the load current to about 500 mA). As the junction temperature of the output stage increases, the thermal-shutdown circuit will shut off the affected output. If the fault condition is corrected, the output driver will return to its normal saturated condition. NORMAL LAMP IN-RUSH CURRENT TIME THERMAL GRADIENT SENSING CURRENT LIMIT Dwg. WP-008 NOT TO SCALE ITRIP LAMP CURRENT

& SLEEP MODE www.allegromicro.com 7 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION (continued) NORMAL LOAD TIME Dwg. WP-013-1 NOT TO SCALE OUTPUT CURRENT CURRENT LIMIT (12 V SUPPLY) SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT LIMIT (24 V SUPPLY) IN FAULT (SHORTED LOAD) FAULT (OPEN LOAD) WITH OUTPUT CAPACITOR Dwg. WP-035 Thermal considerations Device power dissipation can be calculated as: PD = (VO1 x IO1 x duty cycle1) + … + (VO4 x IO4 x duty cycle4) + (VCC x ICC ) Note - ICC is also modulated by the duty cycle, but this is a reasonable approximation for most purposes. This can then be compared against the permitted package power dissipation, using: Permitted PD = (150 – TA )/RθJA where RθJA is given as: 28-lead PLCC (part number suffix ‘–EB’) = 36°C/W 16-pin PDIP (part number suffix ‘–B’) = 43°C/W 16-lead SOIC (part number suffix ‘–LB’) = 90°C/W R θJA is measured on typical two-sided PCB with minimal copper ground area. The thermal resistance from junction to power tab (R θJT) is about 6°C/W for the three package types, therefore the power dissipation can be improved by 20% to 30% by adding an area of printed wiring board copper (typically 6 to 18 square centimetres) connected to the power-tab GROUND terminals of the device. See Application Note 29501.5, Improving Batwing Power Dissipation. Under some conditions it is possible to get spurious glitches on the FAULT output at load turn-on and turn-off transitions:

  • Light load turn-off. Under light loading conditions the turn-off delay (see characteristics above) of the output stage increases and may result in a spurious fault output of a few µs (the duration being proportional to the turn-off delay). As it is difficult to define this over all operating conditions, if a particular application would be sensitive to this type of glitch, then it is generally recommended to include a small (about 0.01 µF) smoothing/storage capacitor at the FAULT output.
  • Incandescent lamp turn-on. As described above, driving an incandescent filament results in the driver operating in current limit for a period after turn-on. During this period a “fault” condition will be indicated (over current). As discussed above this period can be 10s of ms. To avoid this indication, the capacitor on the FAULT output would need to be increased to provide an appropriate time constant. Alternatively, in a microcontroller-based system, the code could be written to ignore the FAULT condition for an appropriate period after lamp turn on. Correct FAULT operation cannot be guaranteed with an unconnected output — unused outputs should not be turned on, or unused outputs should be pulled high to >2.5 V, and/or associated inputs tied low.

& SLEEP MODE Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-50008 A2557EB, A2557KB, & A2557SB Dimensions in Inches (controlling dimensions) Dimensions in Millimeters (for reference only) NOTES:1. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown. 2. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative 3. Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below. 4. Webbed lead frame. Leads 4, 5, 12, and 13 are internally one piece. 0.508 0.204 7.62 BSC Dwg. MA-001-17A mm 10.92 MAX 1 8 7.11 6.10 5.33 MAX 1.77 1.15 0.39 MIN 0.558 0.356 2.54 BSC 0.13 MIN 3.81 2.93 19.68 18.67 NOTE 4 0.020 0.008 0.300 BSC Dwg. MA-001-17A in 0.430 MAX 1 8 0.280 0.240 0.210 MAX 0.070 0.045 0.015 MIN 0.022 0.014 0.100 BSC 0.005 MIN 0.150 0.115 0.775 0.735 NOTE 4

& SLEEP MODE www.allegromicro.com 9 A2557ELB, A2557KLB, & A2557SLB Dimensions in Inches (for reference only) Dimensions in Millimeters (controlling dimensions) 0° TO 8° 1 2 3 0.2992 0.2914 0.4133 0.3977 0.419 0.394 0.020 0.013 0.0926 0.1043 0.0040 MIN. 0.0125 0.0091 0.050 0.016 Dwg. MA-008-17A in 0.050 BSC 16 9 NOTES:1. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown. 2. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative 3. Lead thickness is measured at seating plane or below. 4. Webbed lead frame. Leads 4, 5, 12, and 13 are internally one piece. 0° TO 8° 2 3 7.60 7.40 10.50 10.10 10.65 10.00 0.51 0.33 2.65 2.35 0.10 MIN. 0.32 0.23 1.27 0.40 Dwg. MA-008-17A mm 1.27 BSC

& SLEEP MODE Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-500010 A2557EEB, A2557KEB, & A2557SEB Dimensions in Inches (controlling dimensions) Dimensions in Millimeters (for reference only) NOTES:1. Exact body and lead configuration at vendor’s option within limits shown. 2. Lead spacing tolerance is non-cumulative 3. Webbed lead frame. Leads 5 through 11 and 19 through 25 are internally one piece. 18 12 0.020 MIN 0.050 BSC 128 INDEX AREA Dwg. MA-005-28A in 0.026 0.032 0.013 0.021 19 11 0.165 0.180 0.495 0.485 0.456 0.450 0.495 0.485 0.456 0.450 0.219 0.191 0.219 0.191 0.51 MIN 4.57 4.20 1.27 BSC 12.57 12.32 11.582 11.430 128 INDEX AREA Dwg. MA-005-28A mm 0.812 0.661 0.331 0.533 12.57 12.32 26 18 12 11.58 11.43 5.56 4.85 5.56 4.85

& SLEEP MODE www.allegromicro.com 11 The products described here are manufactured under one or more Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro products are not authorized for use as critical components in life-support devices or systems without express written approval. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsi- bility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.

& SLEEP MODE Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-500012 POWER SINK DRIVERS IN ORDER OF 1) OUTPUT CURRENT, 2) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, 3) NUMBER OF DRIVERS Output Ratings * Features Serial Latched Diode Internal mA V # Input DriversClamp OutputsProtection Part Number † 75 17 8X X – constant current – 6275 17 16 X X – constant current – 6276 100 20 8– – – saturated – 2595 30 32 X X – – – 5833 40 32 X X – saturated – 5832 50 8addressable decoder/driver DMOS – 6B259 50 8– X – DMOS – 6B273 50 8X X – DMOS – 6B595 120 24 8X X – constant current – 6277 250 50 8addressable decoder/driver DMOS – 6259 50 8– X – DMOS – 6273 50 8X X – DMOS – 6595 50 8– – X saturated – 2596 60 4 – – X saturated X 2557 350 50 4 – X X – – 5800 50 7 – – X – – 2003 50 7 – – X – – 2004 50 8– – X – – 28 03 50 8– X X – – 58 01 50 8X X – – – 58 21 50 8X X X – – 58 41 50 8addressable decoder/driver DMOS – 6A259 50 8X X – DMOS – 6A595 80 8 X X – – – 5822 80 8 X X X – – 5842 95 7 – – X – – 2023 95 7 – – X – – 2024 450 30 28dual 4- to 14-line decoder/driver – – 68 17 600 60 4 – – – saturated X 2547 60 4 – – X saturated X 2549 and 2559 700 60 4 – – X saturated X 2543 750 50 8– – X saturated – 2597 1000 46 4 stepper motor controller/driver MOS – 7024 and 7029 1200 46 4 microstepping controller/driver MOS – 7042 1250 50 4 stepper motor translator/driver – X 5804 1800 50 4 – – X – – 2540 3000 46 4 stepper motor controller/driver MOS – 7026 46 4 microstepping controller/driver MOS – 7044 4000 50 4 – – X – – 2878 * Current is maximum specified test condition, voltage is maximum rating. See specification for sustaining voltage limits or over-current protection voltage limits. † Complete part number includes additional characters to indicate operating temperature range and package style.