6199 ETC1
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6199, 2060 Photomultiplier 6199 2060 38-mm (1 1/2-inch) 10 stage, End-Window Photomultiplier – High Quantum Efficiency Cs-Sb Photocathode -- 20% at 400 nm (Typical) - High Gain Dynodes - Typical Pulse Height Resolution: 137 Cs Source, Nal(TI) Scintillator -- 8.6% - Typical Dark Current at 20 A/lm -- 3.2 nA The BURLE-6199 is a 10 stage, end-window, 38-mm (1 1/2- inch) type of photomultiplier intended for use in scintillation counters and for the detection and measurement of low-level radiation. The tube features excellent time resolution character- istics, high current amplification, and high sensitivity making it an appropriate choice for applications requiring low-light level measurements. The flat faceplate enables the user to easily couple to a scintillation crystal. BURLE 2060 is a 1-1/2-inch diameter, 10-stage, head-on type of photomultiplier tube having S-11 spectral response. It is identical to BURLE 6199 in all respects except that it is supplied with a small-shell duodecal base attached to flexible leads to facilitate testing. After testing, the attached base should be removed prior to installing the 2060 in a given system. General Data Cathode Description: Faceplate Description: Dynode Description: Direct Interelectrode Capacitances (Approx):
1, In accordance with the Absolute Maximum rating system as defined by the Electronic Industries Association Standard RS-239A, formu- lated by the JEDEC Electron Tube Council. 2. This value is the average over any 30 second interval. 3. This value is calculated from the typical anode luminous responsiv- ity value using a conversion factor of 857 lumens per watt. 4. Under the following conditions: Light source is a tungsten-filament lamp operated at a color temperature of 2856 K. The value of light flux incident on the cathode is 10 -7 lumen. 5. This value is calculated from the typical cathode luminous respon- sivity value using a conversion factor of 857 lumens per watt. 6. Under the following conditions: Light source is a tungsten-filament lamp operated at a color temperature of 2856 K. The value of light flux incident on the cathode is 10 -4 lumen; 200 volts are applied between cathode and all other electrodes connected as anode. 7. Under the following conditions: Light incident on the cathode is transmitted through a blue filter (Corning C.S. 5-58, polished to 1/2 stock thickness) from a tungsten-filament lamp operated at a color temperature of 2856 K. The light flux incident on the filter is 10 -4 lumen; 200 volts are applied between cathode and all other elec- trodes connected as anode. 8. The light flux incident on the cathode is 10 -7 lumen. The supply voltage E is adjusted to obtain an anode responsivity of 20 amperes per lumen. Dark current is then measured with no light incident on the tube. 9. Equivalent Anode Dark Current Input (EADCI) is defined as the input flux in lumens or watts at a specific wavelength which results in an increase in the anode current of the photomultiplier tube just equal to the anode dark current. EADCI in watts is calculated from the EADCI value in lumens using a conversion factor of 857 lumens per watt. 10. Calculated from typical values using the following formula: 11. Using a delta function light pulse of approximately one nanosecond duration, anode-pulse rise time is measured between 10% and 90% of the maximum anode pulse height. During the measurement the incident light fully illuminated the photocathode. 12. The electron transit time is the time interval between the arrival of a delta function light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time at which the output pulse at the anode terminal reaches peak amplitude. The transit time is measured under conditions with the incident light fully illuminating the photocathode. 13. Tested with a supply voltage of 700 volts and a 137 Cs gamma-ray source of sufficient intensity to produce approximately 10,000 cps under the photopeakfrom the photomultiplier tube under test when positioned on the backside of a 1-1/2” diameter by 1-1/2” high Nal(TI) scintillator (BURLE 1501 or equivalent). The faceplate end of the scintillator shall be optically coupled to the faceplate of the PMT with mineral oil. The 137 Cs source shall be centered with respect to the scintillator which, in turn, shall be centered on the faceplate of the PMT. The anode of the PMT under test is connected to a shunt RC network whose time constant is 10 ± 2 microseconds, a scintillation-counter preamplifier (Nuclear Data Model 520, or equivalent), and a multichannel analyzer (Nu- clear Data Model 100, or equivalent). Pulse-height resolution is defined as the fractional full-width half-maximum of the 0.662 MeV photopeak. Pulse height is defined as the signal in millivolts devel- oped by the photopeak across a 290 ± 10 pF capacitor in the anode circuit shunt RC network. See Figure 8 for test circuit utilized. Operating Considerations Average Anode Current The operating stability of the tube is dependent on the magnitude of the average anode current. The use of an average anode current well below the maximum rated value of 0.50 milliampere is recommended when stability of operation is important. When maximum stability is required, the average anode current should not exceed 1 microampere. Peak Anode Current By adjusting the voltage division ratios of the standard recom- mended voltage divider, improved linearity can be obtained for high peak anode currents. A strongly tapered divider, e.g. 2,1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1.5,2.0,3.0,4.0 is suggested when high peak currents are anticipated. Operating Voltages In general, the operating potential between anode and cathode should not be less than 500 volts. The operating voltages can be supplied by a voltage divider network applied across a regulated dc power supply. A typical voltage-divider arrangement is shown in Figure 7. The choice of resistance values for the voltage-divider string is usually a compromise. If low values of resistance per stage are utilized, the power drawn from the supply and the required wattage rating of the resistors increase. Photomultiplier noise may also increase, due to heating, if the divider network is mounted near the tube. The use of high values of resistance per stage may cause deviation from linearity if the voltage-divider current is not maintained at a value of at least 10 times that of the maximum average anode current and may limit current response to pulsed light. When the ratio of peak anode current to average anode current is high, non-inductive capacitors should be employed across the latter stages of the tube. The values of these capacitors should be chosen so that sufficient charge is available to prevent a change of more than a few percent in the interstage voltages throughout the pulse duration. The high voltages used to operate these tubes are very danger- ous. Care should be taken in the design of apparatus to prevent the operator from coming in contact with these high voltages. High voltages may appear at points in the circuit which are normally at low potential, because of defective circuit parts or incorrect circuit connections. Therefore, before any part of the circuit is touched, the power supply switch should be turned off and both terminals of any capacitors grounded. -2-
C 1 , C 2 : 0.01 uF, 500 V (+20%) C 3 : 0.005 u F, 2 kV (+20%) C 4 : 290 + 10 pF (including cabling and strays), 200 V R 1 through R 12 : 27 k ohms, l/2 W (+5%) R 13 : 1 megohm, 1/4 W (+5%) R 14 : 33 k ohms, 1/4 W (+5%) Note 1: Capacitors C 1 through C 3 should have short leads for optimum high-frequency performance. Figure 8 - Test Circuit for Pulse Height and Pulse Height Resolution Tests -6-
6199,2060 12AE 6199 Dimensions in millimeters. Dimensions in parentheses are in inches. Note 1: Deviation from flatness with the 31.5 (1.24) diameter area will not exceed 0.25 (0.010) from peak to valley. Note 2: Center line of bulb will not deviate more than 2 degrees in any direction from a perpendicular erected at the center of bottom of the base. Note 3: Faceplate material Corning 0080, or equivalent. Its index of refraction at 589 nm is 1.51. Shape of window is plano-plano. Note 4: Cathode area is 7.8 square cm (1.21 square inches) minimum. Note 5: Operating position of tube - any. 287 2060 Figure 9 - Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram -7-